Indiatimes is the Internet subsidiary of ''The Times of India Group'', under which, some of the largest websites in India - The Times of India, The Economic Times, Navbharat Times and Maharashtra Times operate.

Apart from News, Sports, Cricket, Astrology, and a number of other things, the portal also offers Shopping & Travel. Indiatimes is the flagship brand of Times Internet Limited. Times Internet limited is in turn promoted by The Times Group, which has a 90% stake in it. The remaining 10% stake is held by Seqouia Capital, which invested in this company in 2005.

E-Commerce[link]

Indiatimes Shopping claims it is India's largest online shopping platform featuring over 30,000 products for sale across a wide range of categories such as apparels, accessories, jewellery, consumer durables/electronics, books, music, movies, etc.

Social bookmarking [link]

Hotklix.com, owned and operated by Indiatimes is a bookmarking website.

Social Networking [link]

itimes.com is the social networking site.

Recently Indiatimes shopping had tied up with Land Mark and have listed 3 Million Books of various categories. For more details:

References [link]

Competitors[link]

Rediff.com

Category:Indian websites Category:Internet in India Category:Web portals Category:Companies based in Mumbai Category:Companies of The Times Group Category:Indian news websites Category:Webmail

name	The Times
type	Daily newspaper
format	Compact
price	UK£0.90 (Monday–Friday)£2 (Saturday) £1.30(Sat., Scotland)
foundation	1 January 1785 ()
owners	News Corporation
sister newspapers	''The Sunday Times''
political	Centre-right
headquarters	Wapping, London, England
editor	James Harding
issn	0140-0460
website	www.thetimes.co.uk
Circulation	394,102 (March 2012) }}

''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'' (it became ''The Times'' on 1 January 1788). ''The Times'' and its sister paper ''The Sunday Times'' (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News International, itself wholly owned by the News Corporation group headed by Rupert Murdoch. ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

''The Times'' is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including ''The Times of India'' (1838), ''The Straits Times'' (1845), ''The New York Times'' (1851), ''The Irish Times'' (1859), the ''Los Angeles Times'' (1881), ''The Seattle Times'' (1891), ''The Daily Times'' (Malawi) (1900), ''The Canberra Times'' (1926), and ''The Times'' (Malta) (1935). For distinguishing purposes it is therefore sometimes referred to, particularly in North America, as the ''"London Times"'' or ''"The Times of London"''.

''The Times'' is the originator of the ubiquitous Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of ''The Times'' in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 ''The Times'' began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. ''The Times'' was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. ''The Sunday Times'' remains a broadsheet.

Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservatives, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, 26% for Labour. ''The Times'' had an average daily circulation of 394,102 in March 2012. An American edition has been published since 6 June 2006.

History[link]

1785 to 1890[link]

''The Times'' was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as ''The Daily Universal Register'', with Walter in the role of editor. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to ''The Times''. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter senior had spent sixteen months in Newgate prison for libel printed in ''The Times'', but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

''The Times'' used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of ''The Times'' were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.

In 1809, John Stoddart was appointed general editor, replaced in 1817 by Thomas Barnes. Under Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of ''The Times'' rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for ''The Times'' the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform.").The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

''The Times'' was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England. In other events of the nineteenth century, ''The Times'' opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400 000 people to 800 000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, ''The Times'' represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.

The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s ''The Times'' was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably ''The Daily Telegraph'' and ''The Morning Post''.

During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach ''The Times'' and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.

1890 to 1981[link]

''The Times'' faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), ''The Times'' became associated with selling the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the ''Britannica's'' two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, ''The Times'' severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.

In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the ''Times's'' Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, ''The Times'' in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic forgery ''The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion'' as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'':

What are these 'Protocols'? Are they authentic? If so, what malevolent assembly concocted these plans and gloated over their exposition? Are they forgery? If so, whence comes the uncanny note of prophecy, prophecy in part fulfilled, in part so far gone in the way of fulfillment?".

The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of ''The Times'', exposed ''The Protocols'' as a forgery, '''The Times'' retracted the editorial of the previous year.

In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought ''The Times'' from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.

Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a ''Times'' editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, ''The Times'' became popularly known during World War II as the threepenny ''Daily Worker'' (the price of the ''Daily Worker'' was one penny)

On 3 May 1966 it started printing news on the front page for the first time - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson, The Thomson Corporation merged it with ''The Sunday Times'' to form Times Newspapers Limited.

An industrial dispute prompted the management to shut the paper for nearly a year (1 December 1978 – 12 November 1979).

The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to save both titles by finding a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods.

Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch.

1981 to present: Murdoch-era[link]

In 1981, ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.

Murdoch soon began making his mark on the paper, replacing its editor, William Rees-Mogg, with Harold Evans in 1981. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print ''The Times'' since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when ''The Times'' moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.

In June 1990, ''The Times'' ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page, though "Ms" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections.

In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format.

The Conservative Party announced plans to launch litigation against ''The Times'' over an incident in which the newspaper claimed that Conservative election strategist Lynton Crosby had admitted that his party would not win the 2005 General Election. ''The Times'' later published a clarification, and the litigation was dropped.

On 6 June 2005, ''The Times'' redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor – 158 by 31 January 2008. According to its leading article, "From Our Own Correspondents", removal of full postal addresses was in order to fit more letters onto the page.

In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control.

In May 2008 printing of ''The Times'' switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time.

In March 2012, it became the first British newspaper to formally endorse same-sex marriage.

Controversies and image[link]

Long considered the UK's newspaper of record, ''The Times'' is generally seen as a serious publication with high standards of journalism. It is not without trenchant critics: Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.

Some allege that ''The Times''' partisan opinion pieces also damage its status as 'paper of record,' particularly when attacking interests that go against those of its parent company – News International. In 2010 it published an opinion piece attacking the BBC for being 'one of a group of' signatories to a letter criticising BSkyB share options in October 2010.

Content[link]

''The Times'' features news for the first half of the paper with the leading articles on the second page, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section, the world news normally follows this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper.

''Literary Supplement''[link]

''The Times Literary Supplement'' (TLS) is a separately-paid-for weekly literature and society magazine.

''Science Reviews''[link]

Between 1951 and 1966 ''The Times'' published a separately-paid-for quarterly science review, ''The Times Science Review''. Remarkably, in 1953 both the newspaper and its science supplement failed to report on the discovery of the structure of DNA in Cambridge, which was reported on by both the ''News Chronicle'' and ''The New York Times''.

''The Times'' started a new (but free) monthly science magazine, ''Eureka'', in October 2009.

''Times2''[link]

''The Times'''s main supplement is the ''times2'', featuring various lifestyle columns. It was discontinued on 1 March 2010 but reintroduced on 11 October 2010 after negative feedback. Its regular features include a puzzles section called ''Mind Games''. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called ''T2'' and previously ''Times 2''. Regular features include columns by a different columnist each weekday. There was a column by Marcus du Sautoy each Wednesday, for example. The back pages are devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, "Killer Sudoku", "KenKen", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main "Times Crossword".

The supplement contains arts and lifestyle features, TV and radio listings and reviews.

''The Game''[link]

''The Game'' is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of ''The Game'' also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games.

Saturday supplements[link]

The Saturday edition of ''The Times'' contains a variety of supplements. These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: ''Sport'', ''Weekend'' (including travel and lifestyle features), ''Saturday Review'' (arts, books, and ideas), ''The Times Magazine'' (columns on various topics), and ''Playlist'' (an entertainment listings guide).

''Saturday Review'' is the first regular supplement published in broadsheet format since the paper switched to a compact size in 2004.

At the beginning of summer 2011 ''Saturday Review'' switched to the tabloid format

''The Times Magazine'' features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005.

Online presence[link]

''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at ''the-times.co.uk'' and ''sunday-times.co.uk'', and later at ''timesonline.co.uk''. There are now two websites: ''thetimes.co.uk'' is aimed at daily readers, and the ''thesundaytimes.co.uk'' site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News International has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' online.

Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million. In April 2009, the ''timesonline'' site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day. As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to the Times' digital products

Readership[link]

In November 2005 ''The Times'' sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British "quality" newspaper (after ''The Daily Telegraph'', which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales. By March 2012 ''The Times''' average daily circulation had fallen to 394,102 copies, compared to ''The Daily Telegraph's'' 576,378, with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British "quality" newspapers. In contrast ''The Sun'', the highest-selling "tabloid" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,614,725 copies in March 2012, and the ''Daily Mail'', the highest-selling "middle market" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,952,524 copies in the period.

In a 2009 national readership survey ''The Times'' was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.

Ownership[link]

''The Times'' has had the following eight owners since its foundation in 1785:

1785 to 1803 - John Walter;

1803 to 1847 - John Walter, 2nd;

1847 to 1894 - John Walter, 3rd;

1894 to 1908 - Arthur Fraser Walter;

1908 to 1922 - Lord Northcliffe;

1922 to 1966 - Astor family;

1966 to 1981 - Roy Thomson; and

1981 to present - News International (a wholly owned subsidiary of News Corporation, run by Rupert Murdoch).

Typeface[link]

In 1908 ''The Times'' started using the ''Monotype Modern'' typeface.

''The Times'' commissioned the serif typeface ''Times New Roman'', created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931. It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing ''The Times'' for being badly printed and typographically antiquated. The font was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent, an artist from the advertising department of ''The Times''. Morison used an older font named Plantin as the basis for his design, but made revisions for legibility and economy of space. ''Times New Roman'' made its debut in the 3 October 1932 issue of ''The Times'' newspaper. After one year, the design was released for commercial sale. ''The Times'' stayed with ''Times New Roman'' for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch font five times since 1972. However, all the new fonts have been variants of the original New Roman font:

''Times Europa'' was designed by Walter Tracy in 1972 for The Times, as a sturdier alternative to the Times font family, designed for the demands of faster printing presses and cheaper paper. The typeface features more open counter spaces.

''Times Roman'' replaced Times Europa on 30 August 1982. ''Times Millennium'' was made in 1991, drawn by Gunnlaugur Briem on the instructions of Aurobind Patel, composing manager of News International. ''Times Classic'' first appeared in 2001. Designed as an economical face by the British type team of Dave Farey and Richard Dawson, it took advantage of the new PC-based publishing system at the newspaper, while obviating the production shortcomings of its predecessor Times Millennium. The new typeface included 120 letters per font. Initially the family comprised ten fonts, but a condensed version was added in 2004. ''Times Modern'' was unveiled on 20 November 2006, as the successor of ''Times Classic''. Designed for improving legibility in smaller font sizes, it uses 45-degree angled bracket serifs. The font was published by Elsner + Flake as ''EF Times Modern''; it was designed by Research Studios, led by Ben Preston (deputy editor of The Times) and designer Neville Brody.

Political allegiance[link]

''The Times'' had declared its support for Clement Attlee's Labour at the 1945 general election; the party went on to win the election by a landslide over Winston Churchill's Conservative government. However, the newspaper reverted to the Tories for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con-Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 2001.

For the 2001 general election ''The Times'' declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority. For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.

This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history.

Sponsorships[link]

''The Times'', along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" ''bfi'' London Film Festival.

''The Times'' sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.

Notable people[link]

Editors[link]

!Name	!Tenure
	1785 to 1803
	1803 to 1812
John Stoddart	1812 to 1816
	1817 to 1841
John Delane	1841 to 1877
Thomas Chenery	1877 to 1884
George Earle Buckle	1884 to 1912
George Geoffrey Dawson	1912 to 1919
	1919 to 1922
George Geoffrey Dawson	1923 to 1941
Robert McGowan Barrington-Ward	1941 to 1948
William Francis Casey	1948 to 1952
William Haley	1952 to 1966
William Rees-Mogg	1967 to 1981
Harold Evans	1981 to 1982
	1982 to 1985
	1985 to 1990
Simon Jenkins	1990 to 1992
Peter Stothard	1992 to 2002
	2002 to 2007
	2007 to present

Notable columnists and journalists[link]

Michael Atherton

Guillem Balague

Simon Barnes

Alice Bowe

Peter Brookes (leader-page cartoonist)

Rachel Campbell-Johnston

Giles Coren

Robert Crampton

Ginny Dougary

Stephen Farrell

Daniel Finkelstein

Brian Glanville

Ruth Gledhill

Michael Gove

Anthony Howard

Mick Hume

Anatole Kaletsky

Patrick Kidd

Magnus Linklater

Richard Lloyd Parry

Anthony Loyd (war correspondent on retainer)

Ben Macintyre

Stefanie Marsh

Hugh McIlvanney

Alice Miles

Caitlin Moran

Michael Moran

Morten Morland (political cartoonist)

Matthew Parris

Grayson Perry

Catherine Philp

Libby Purves

Lord Rees-Mogg

Peter Riddell

Hugo Rifkind

Aki Riihilahti

Nick Robinson

Alyson Rudd

Dan Sabbagh

Marcus du Sautoy

Andrew Sullivan

Richard Susskind

Ann Treneman

Janice Turner

Alexander Williams (cartoonist)

Other publications[link]

(Times Books Group Ltd)

The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World, 2007 ISBN 978-0-00-780150-3

In fiction[link]

In the dystopian future world of George Orwell's ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'', ''The Times'' has been transformed into the organ of the totalitarian ruling party, its editorials—of which several are quoted in the book—reflecting Big Brother's pronouncements.

Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London ''Times'' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers.

In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond, reads ''The Times''. As described by Fleming in ''From Russia, with Love'': "The Times was the only paper that Bond ever read."

See also[link]

List of newspapers by date

References

Further reading[link]

- includes sections of black-and-white photographic plates, plus a few charts and diagrams in text pages.

External links[link]

The Sunday Times site

Times World Atlases official website including a History and Heritage section detailing landmark Times atlases

Archive from 1785 to 2006 – full text and original layout, searchable (not free of charge, registration required)

The Times editor Robert Thomson lecture online: From the editorial desk of ''The Times'', RMIT School of Applied Communication Public Lecture series

Anthony Trollope's satire on the mid-nineteenth century Times

Journalism Now: The Times Winchester University Journalism History project on the Times in the nineteenth century

Category:Newspapers published in England Category:News Corporation subsidiaries * Category:Publications established in 1785 Category:1785 establishments in England

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name	Amrita Rao
occupation	Actress / Model
birth date	June 17, 1981
birth place	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
yearsactive	2002–present
website	http://www.amrita-rao.com }}

Amrita Rao (; born June 17, 1981) is an Indian actress who appears in Bollywood films.

Beginning her career as a model, Rao made her acting debut with ''Ab Ke Baras'' (2002). She then starred in Ken Ghosh's love-story ''Ishq Vishk'' (2003) and earned a Filmfare nomination in the "Best Female Debut" category.

Personal life [link]

Amrita was born in Mumbai to a Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin family. She speaks Hindi, English, Marathi, besides her mother tongue, Konkani. She attended Canossa Convent high School (Mahim)in Mumbai, and later enrolled in Sophia College to pursue a degree in Psychology. Her sister, Preetika Rao, is a Model, Journalist-Columnist and a South-Indian film actress.

Career [link]

Modeling[link]

While studying in Sophia College, Amrita auditioned for an advertisement for Fairever Face Cream. Her appearance in Cadbury’s Perk Karwa Chaut ad and the Bru Coffee advertisement helped her receive offers from film directors in Bollywood.

Acting[link]

Amrita made her acting debut with Anjali Thapar/Nandini in ''Ab Ke Baras with Arya Babbar'' (2002), and followed that with her (2003) film, ''Ishq Vishk'', in which she portrayed Payal with Shahid Kapoor. She became an overnight star after the success that film. She followed this up with films Aanchal Mehta in ''Masti'' and in (2004) she playing Sanjana (Sanju) Bakshi in ''Main Hoon Na with Zayed Khan '', ''Deewaar'' (2004), and she playing Priya ''Vaah! Life Ho To Aisi'' with Shahid Kapoor (2005), and Madhvi in ''Shikhar''with her co-Star Shahid Kapoor (2005), and she role Piya in''Pyare Mohan with vivek oberoi'' (2006). (2006) She was playing in Heyy Babyy in Special appearance in song "Heyy Babyy. She starred in Sooraj R. Barjatya's Blockbuster ''Vivah'' (2006) opposite Shahid Kapoor.

In 2007 Amrita Rao made her debut in the Telugu film industry with ''Athidhi'' opposite Mahesh Babu with Mahesh Babu. Amrita's releases in 2008 include Riya''My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves'' with Nikhil Dwivedi and she was playing kamala in ''Welcome to Sajjanpur with Shreyas Talpade''. Amrita's releases in 2009 are ''Victory'', she was playing Nandini and ''Shortkut''. Amrita's only release in 2011 was main role Ritu in ''Love U...Mr. Kalakaar! with Tusshar Kapoor''. She acted in ''Hook Yaa Crook'', which is still shelved. She will next be in ''Jolly L.L.B'' opposite Arshad Warsi, and an untitled movie opposite her first co-star Shahid Kapoor, also produced by Ramesh Taurani under the Tips banner.

Awards and nominations[link]

Filmfare Awards [link]

Nominated

2004: Filmfare Best Female Debut Award for ''Ishq Vishk''

2005: Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award for ''Main Hoon Na''

Star Screen Awards [link]

Nominated

2003: Star Screen Award Most Promising Newcomer - Female for ''Ab Ke Baras''

2004: Star Screen Award Most Promising Newcomer - Female for ''Ishq Vishk''

2007: Star Screen Award Best Actress for ''Vivah'' 2007: Star Screen Award Jodi No. 1 along with Shahid Kapoor - ''Vivah''

Zee Cine Awards [link]

Nominated

2004: Zee Cine Award Best Female Debut for ''Ishq Vishk''

International Indian Film Academy Awards [link]

Winner

2004: IIFA Awards, Best Female Debut for ''Ishq Vishk''

Stardust Awards [link]

Winner

2004: Stardust Superstar of Tomorrow - Female for ''Ishq Vishk''

2009: Stardust Searchlight Best Actress Award for ''Welcome to Sajjanpur''

Other awards won [link]

2004: Sansui Awards, ''Best Debut - Female'' for ''Ishq Vishk''

2007: GR8 Women Awards, ''Young Achiever''

2007: Anandalok Puroshkar Awards, ''Most Promising New Talent'' for ''Vivah''

2007: Sports World Awards, ''Jodi of the Year'' along with Shahid Kapoor for ''Vivah''

2007: Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Award for ''Vivah''

Filmography[link]

''Ishq Vishk'' ''Masti'' ''Vaah ''Pyare Mohan'' ''Heyy Babyy'' ''My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film) ''Victory (film) ''Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai'' ''Love U...Mr. Kalakaar!'' ''Jolly LLB'' ''Kunal Avadana'' ''Priya - The Charming Girl''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
rowspan="2"	2002	''Ab Ke Baras''	Anjali Thapar/Nandini
''The Legend of Bhagat Singh''	Mannewali
2003	|	Payal Mehra	Nominated, Filmfare Best Female Debut Award
rowspan="3"	2004	|	Aanchal Mehta
''Main Hoon Na''	Sanjana (Sanju) Bakshi
''Deewaar (2004 film)	Deewaar''	Radhika
rowspan="2"	2005	Life Ho To Aisi''	Priya
''Shikhar (film)	Shikhar''	Madhvi
rowspan="2"	2006	|	Piya
''Vivah''	Poonam
rowspan="2"	2007	|	Special appearance in song "Heyy Babyy"
''Athidhi''
rowspan="3"	2008	My Name is Anthony Gonsalves'' ||	Riya
''Shaurya''	Neerja Rathode
''Welcome to Sajjanpur''	Kamla
rowspan="3"	2009	Victory'' ||	Nandini
''Short Kut: The Con is On	Mansi
''Life Partner (film)	Life Partner''	Anjali Kumar
	2010	|	Tara's sister	Special appearance
	2011	|	Ritu
	2012	|
	2013	|
	2013	|

References [link]

External links[link]

Category:1981 births Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian female models Category:Indian vegetarians Category:Living people Category:Telugu actors Category:Indian actors Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian Hindus Category:Mangaloreans Category:Konkani people Category:Sophia College, Mumbai alumni

ar:أمريتا راو bn:অমৃতা রাও de:Amrita Rao fr:Amrita Rao gu:અમૃતા રાવ hi:अमृता राव ml:അമൃത റാവു mr:अमृता राव pl:Amrita Rao fi:Amrita Rao ta:அம்ரிதா ராவ்

name	Dr. Gary P. Hamel
birth date
occupation	Author, Professional speaker, Consultant, Management expert
website	garyhamel.com }}

Dr. Gary P. Hamel is an American management expert. He is a founder of Strategos, an international management consulting firm based in Chicago.

Early life[link]

He is a graduate of Andrews University (1975) and the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan (1990)

Career[link]

Gary Hamel is the originator (with C. K. Prahalad) of the concept of core competencies. He is also the director of the Woodside Institute, a nonprofit research foundation based in Woodside, California.

He is a visiting Professor of Strategic Management at London Business School. He was formerly a Visiting Professor of International Business at the University of Michigan (PhD 1990) and at Harvard Business School.

His academic standing took a dent soon after publication of the hardback version of ''Leading the Revolution'', in which he had written a very positive profile of Enron. Following the critical reception of ''Leading the Revolution'', Hamel began work on resilience in business strategy. He wrote of the concept in a 2003 Harvard Business Review article titled "The Quest for Resilience"

Achievements[link]

The Wall Street Journal in 2008 has ranked Gary Hamel as one of the world's most influential business thinkers, and Fortune magazine has called him "the world's leading expert on business strategy".

Personal life[link]

Hamel and his family live in Woodside, California.

Bibliography[link]

''The Core Competence of the Corporation'' (Harvard Business Review) (1990)

''Strategy as Revolution'' (Harvard Business Review) (1996)

''Competing for the future'' (with C. K. Prahalad) (Harvard Business School Press, April 1996) ISBN 978-0875847160

''Alliance Advantage: The Art of Creating Value Through Partnering'' (with Yves L. Doz) (Harvard Business School Press, September 1998) ISBN 978-0875846163

''Strategic Flexibility: Managing in a Turbulent Environment'' (with C. K. Prahalad, Howard Thomas and Don O'Neal) (Wiley, 5 January 1999) ISBN 978-0471984733

''Leading the Revolution'' (Harvard Business School Press, 2000) ISBN 9780452283244

''The Quest for Resilience'' (with Liisa Välikangas) (Harvard Business Review) (2003)

''The Future of Management'' (with Bill Breen) (Harvard Business School Press, 10 September 2007) ISBN 978-1422102503

"Funding Growth in an Age of Austerity" (with Gary Getz) (Harvard Business Review, July–August, 2004)

"What Matters Now: How to Win in a World of Relentless Change, Ferocious Competition, and Unstoppable Innovation" (2011) ISBN 978-1118120828

References[link]

External links[link]

Official site

Management Innovation Exchange is one of Gary Hamel's newest projects where he talks about the need to reinvent management for the next century

MLab website

Gary Hamel Biography on the World Business Forum where Hamel is a featured speaker for the 2011 event

Category:American business theorists Category:Academics of the London Business School Category:1954 births Category:Andrews University alumni Category:Living people Category:University of Michigan alumni Category:University of Michigan faculty Category:Harvard Business School faculty

de:Gary Hamel fr:Gary Hamel fi:Gary Hamel

name	Charles Sobhraj
father	Hotchand Sobhraj
spouse	Nihita Biswas
birthname	Hotchand Bhaonani Gurumukh Charles Sobhraj
alias(es)	The Bikini KillerThe Serpent
birth date	April 06, 1944
birth place	Saigon, Cochinchina, French Indochina (now Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam)
victims	12+
country	Thailand, Nepal, India, Malaysia
beginyear	1974
endyear	1976
apprehended	July 1976
penalty	Life imprisonment }}

Hotchand Bhaonani Gurumukh Charles Sobhraj (born April 6, 1944), better known as Charles Sobhraj, is a serial killer of Indian and Vietnamese origin, who preyed on Western tourists throughout Southeast Asia during the 1970s. Nicknamed "the Serpent" and "the Bikini killer" for his skill at deception and evasion, he allegedly committed at least 12 murders. He was convicted and jailed in India from 1976 to 1997, but managed to live a life of leisure even in prison. After his release, he retired as a celebrity in Paris; he unexpectedly returned to Nepal, where he was arrested, tried and sentenced to life imprisonment on August 12, 2004. The Supreme Court of Nepal has finally convicted him and ordered the life imprisonment, this decision was made on 30 July 2010.

While Sobhraj is widely believed to be a psychopath, his motives for killing differed from those of most serial killers. Sobhraj was not driven to murder by deep-seated, violent impulses, but as a means to sustain his lifestyle of adventure. That, as well as his cunning and cultured personality, made him a celebrity long before his release from prison. Sobhraj enjoyed the attention, charging large amounts of money for interviews and film rights; he has been the subject of four books and three documentaries. His search for attention and his overconfidence in his own intelligence are believed responsible for his return to a country where authorities were still eager to arrest him.

Early years[link]

Sobhraj was born as Gurmukh Sobhraj to an unwed Vietnamese mother and an Indian father in Saigon. The father soon deserted the family. Stateless at first, he was adopted by his mother's new boyfriend, a French army lieutenant stationed in Indochina. However, he was neglected in favour of the couple's later children. Sobhraj continued to move back and forth between France and Indochina with the family, not feeling at home in either place. As a teenager he developed personality problems and turned to petty crime.

Sobhraj received his first jail sentence (for burglary) in 1963, serving at Poissy prison near Paris However, not only did he weather the harsh conditions of jail, he managed to manipulate the prison official into granting him special favours like being allowed to keep books in his cell, etc. At around the same time he met and endeared himself to Felix d'Escogne, a wealthy young man and prison volunteer.

After being paroled, Sobhraj moved in with d'Escogne and shared his time between moving in the high society of Paris and the criminal underworld. He soon started accumulating riches through a series of scams and burglaries. During this time, he met and began a relationship with Chantal Compagnon who was from a conservative Parisian family. On the night he proposed to her, Sobhraj was arrested for evading police while driving a stolen car. He was sentenced back to prison time in Poissy for eight months. Chantal remained supportive during his prison time. Sobhraj and Chantal were married upon his release.

Soon after, facing mounting suspicions by French authorities, he and a now pregnant Chantal left France for Asia to escape arrest. After travelling through Eastern Europe on fake documents and robbing people who befriended them, they arrived in Bombay in 1970. Here Chantal gave birth to a baby girl. While in Bombay, the couple made a good impression on the expatriate community there. In the meantime, Sobhraj resumed his criminal lifestyle by running a car theft and smuggling operation. The profits from this operation of which were used towards his growing gambling addiction.

In 1970, Sobhraj was arrested and imprisoned after an unsuccessful armed robbery attempt on a jewellery store in Hotel Ashoka. Sobhraj did manage to escape with Chantal's help and faking illness, but they were re-captured shortly afterwards. He borrowed money for bail from his father in Saigon and soon after fled to Kabul in Afghanistan.

In Kabul, the couple continued robbing tourists on the "hippie trail" only to be arrested once again. But Sobhraj escaped, the same way he had in India, feigning illness and drugging the hospital guard. This time Sobhraj fled to Iran leaving his family behind. Chantal, although still loyal to him, wishing to leave their criminal past behind, returned to France and vowed never to see him again.

Sobhraj spent the next two years on the run, using as many as 10 stolen passports and visiting several countries in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. He was joined in Istanbul by André, his younger brother. Sobhraj and André quickly became partners in many crimes in both Turkey and Greece. Both were eventually arrested in Athens. After an identity-switch plan gone wrong, Sobhraj escaped in his usual manner, but his brother was left behind. André was turned over to the Turkish police by Greek authorities. He had to serve an 18-year sentence.

Murders[link]

On the run again, Sobhraj financed his lifestyle by posing as a mysterious drug dealer to impress tourists and defrauding them when they let their guard down. In Thailand, he met Marie-Andrée Leclerc from Lévis, Quebec, one of many tourists looking for adventure in the East. Subjugated by Sobhraj's personality, Leclerc quickly became his most devoted follower, turning a blind eye to his crimes and his philandering with local women.

Sobhraj started gathering followers by helping them out of difficult situations, indebting them to him while he actually was the very cause of their misery. In one case, he helped two former French policemen, named Yannick and Jacques, to recover their passports that he himself had stolen; in another, he provided shelter and comfort to another Frenchman named Dominique Rennelleau, whose apparent dysentery illness was actually the results of poisoning by Sobhraj. He was also joined by a young Indian named Ajay Chowdhury, a fellow criminal who became his lieutenant. Sobhraj wanted to start a criminal "family" of sorts, in the style of Charles Manson's.

It was then that Sobhraj and Chowdhury committed their first (known) murders in 1975. Most of the victims had spent some time with the "clan" before their deaths and were, according to some investigators, potential recruits who had threatened to expose Sobhraj. The first victim was a young woman from Seattle, Teresa Knowlton, who was found burnt like many of Sobhraj's other victims. Soon thereafter, a young American Jennie Bollivar, was found drowned in a tidal pool in the Gulf of Thailand, wearing a flowered bikini. It was only months later that the autopsy and forensic evidence revealed the drowning to be murder.

The next victim was a young, nomadic Sephardic Jew named Vitali Hakim, whose burned body was found on the road to the Pattaya resort where Sobhraj and his clan were staying.

Dutch students Henk Bintanja, 29, and his fiancée Cornelia Hemker, 25, were invited to Thailand after meeting Sobhraj in Hong Kong. Just as he had done to Dominique, Sobhraj poisoned them, and then nurtured them back to health to gain their obedience. As they recovered, Sobhraj was visited by his previous victim Hakim's French girlfriend, Charmayne Carrou, coming to investigate her boyfriend's disappearance. Fearing exposure, Sobhraj and Chowdhury quickly hustled the couple out; their bodies were found strangled and burned on December 16, 1975. Soon after, Carrou was found drowned in circumstances similar to Jennie's, and wearing a similar-styled swimsuit. Although the murders of both women were not connected by investigations at the time, they would later earn Sobhraj the nickname of "the bikini killer."

On December 18, the day the bodies of Bintanja and Hemker were identified, Sobhraj and Leclerc entered Nepal using the couple's passports. There they met and, on December 21–22, murdered Canadian Laurent Ormond Carrière, 26, and Californian Connie Bronzich, 29. (The two victims were incorrectly identified in some sources as Laddie DuParr and Annabella Tremont.) Sobhraj and Leclerc then returned to Thailand, once again using their latest victims' passports before their bodies could be identified.

Upon his return to Thailand, Sobhraj discovered that his three French companions had started to suspect him, found documents belonging to the murder victims, and fled to Paris after notifying local authorities.

Sobhraj then went to Calcutta, where he murdered Israeli scholar Avoni Jacob for his passport, and used it to move to Singapore with Leclerc and Chowdhury, then to India and - rather boldly - back to Bangkok in March 1976. There they were interrogated by Thai policemen in connection with the murders, but easily let off the hook because authorities feared that the negative publicity accompanying a murder trial would harm the country's tourist trade.

Not so easily silenced, however, was Dutch embassy diplomat Herman Knippenberg, who was investigating the murder of the two Dutch backpackers, and suspected Sobhraj even though he did not know his real name. Knippenberg started to build a case against him, partly with the help of Sobhraj's neighbour. Given police permission to conduct his own search of Sobhraj's apartment (a full month after the suspect had left the country), Knippenberg found a great deal of evidence, such as victims' documents and poison-laced medicines. He would from then on accumulate evidence against Sobhraj for decades, despite the lack of cooperation by law enforcement.

The trio's next stop was in Malaysia, where Chowdhury was sent on a gem-stealing errand, and disappeared after giving the jewels to Sobhraj. No trace of him was ever found, and it is widely believed that Sobhraj murdered his former accomplice before leaving with Leclerc to sell the jewels in Geneva. However, some sources say that Chowdhury was spotted in Germany much later and the hunt for him is still on.

Soon back in Asia, Sobhraj started rebuilding his clan, starting in Bombay with two lost Western women named Barbara Sheryl Smith and Mary Ellen Eather. His next victim was Frenchman Jean-Luc Solomon, who succumbed to the poison intended to incapacitate him during a robbery.

In July 1976 in New Delhi, Sobhraj and the three women tricked a tour group of post-graduate French students into accepting them as guides. He then drugged them with pills which he pretended were anti-dysentery medicine. However, when the drugs started acting too quickly and the students started dropping unconscious where they stood, three of them quickly realized what was happening and overcame Sobhraj, leading to his capture by police. During interrogation, Barbara and Mary Ellen quickly cracked and confessed everything. Sobhraj was charged with the murder of Solomon, and all four were sent to Tihar prison outside New Delhi while awaiting formal trial.

Prison time[link]

Conditions inside the notorious prison were unbearable; Barbara and Mary Ellen attempted suicide during the two years before their trial. Sobhraj, however, had entered with precious gems concealed in his body and was experienced in bribing captors and living comfortably in jail.

Sobhraj turned his trial into a show, hiring and firing lawyers at whim, bringing in his recently-paroled and still-loyal brother André to help, and eventually going on a hunger strike. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison instead of the expected death penalty. Leclerc was found guilty of the drugging of the French students, then later paroled and returned to Canada when she developed ovarian cancer. She was still claiming her innocence, and reportedly still loyal to Sobhraj, when she died at home in April 1984.

Sobhraj's systematic bribery of prison guards at Tihar reached outrageous levels. He led a life of luxury inside the jail, with TV, and gourmet food, having befriended both the guards and the prisoners. He would walk in and out of jail whenever he wanted. Revelling in his notoriety, he gave interviews to Western authors and journalists, such as ''Oz'' magazine's Richard Neville in the late 1970s, and Alan Dawson in 1984. He freely talked about his murders, while never actually admitting to them, and pretended that his actions were in retaliation against Western imperialism in Asia.

He also needed to find a way to ''prolong'' his sentence, since the 20-year Thai arrest warrant against him would still be valid on his intending to his deportation and almost certain execution. So in March 1986, on his tenth year in prison, he threw a big party for his prisoner and guard friends and, having drugged them with sleeping pills, walked out of the jail.

Shobhraj was quickly tracked down and caught in O'Coquero Restaurant, Goa by Inspector Madhukar Zende of the Mumbai police and had his prison term prolonged by 10 years, just as he had hoped. On February 17, 1997, 52-year old Sobhraj was released, with most warrants, evidence and even witnesses against him long lost. Without any country to deport him to, Indian authorities let him return to France.

Celebrity and re-capture[link]

Sobhraj retired to a comfortable life in suburban Paris. He hired a publicity agent and charged large sums of money for interviews and photographs. He is said to have charged over $15 million (according to Advocate. Bishwa Lal Shrestha who is Ex. Inspector and investigated the case, framed the charge sheet and registered the case in court) for the rights to a movie based on his life.

On September 17, 2003 Sobhraj was unexpectedly spotted in a street of Kathmandu by a journalist. The journalist quickly reported this to the Nepalese authorities who arrested him two days later in the casino of the Yak and Yeti hotel. Sobhraj's motives for returning to Nepal remain unknown. He was sentenced to life imprisonment by the Kathmandu district court on August 20, 2004 for the 1975 murders of Bronzich and Carrière. Most of the photocopy evidence used against him in this case was drawn from that painstakingly gathered by Knippenberg (the original then gem dealer) and Interpol.

Sobhraj appealed against the conviction claiming that he was sentenced without trial. His lawyer also announced that Chantal, Sobhraj's wife in France, was filing a case before the European Court of Human Rights against the French government, for refusing to provide him with any assistance.

Sobhraj's conviction was confirmed by the Patan Court of Appeals in 2005.

Current status[link]

In late 2007, news media reported that Sobhraj's lawyer had appealed to the current French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, for intervention with Nepal. In 2008, Sobhraj announced his engagement to a woman Nihita Biswas from Nepal (who had recently participated in the reality show Big Boss 5). On 7 July 2008, issuing a press release through his fiancée Nihita, he claimed that he was never convicted of murder by any court and asked the media not to refer to him as a serial killer. Later, it was claimed that he married his fiancée on October 9, 2008, on the occasion of Bada Dashami, a Nepalese festival, in a much famed, but not publicised, wedding that took place in the jail itself. On the following day, Nepalese jail authorities dismissed the claim of his marriage. They said that Nihita and her family had been allowed to conduct a tika ceremony, along with the relatives of hundreds of other prisoners. They further claimed that it was not a wedding but part of the ongoing Dashain festival, when elders put the vermilion mark on the foreheads of those younger to them to signify their blessings.

In July 2010, the Supreme Court of Nepal postponed the verdict on an appeal filed by Sobhraj against a district court's verdict sentencing him to life imprisonment for the murder of American backpacker Connie Jo Bronzich in 1975. Sobhraj had appealed against the district court's verdict in 2006, calling it unfair and accusing the judges of racism while handing out the sentence.

On July 30, 2010 the Nepalese Supreme Court upheld the verdict issued by the district court in Kathmandu of a 20-year life term for the murder of US citizen Connie Jo Bronzich and another year plus a Rs 2,000 fine for using a fake passport to travel. The seizure of all his properties was also ordered by the court. His mother-in-law/lawyer Shakuntala Thapa and his 'wife', Nihita, expressed that they were dissatisfied with the verdict and Thapa claimed that Sobhraj had been "denied" justice and "judiciary is corrupt". They were charged and sent to judicial custody for contempt of court against these remarks.

Sobhraj currently has another case pending against him in the Bhaktapur district court for the murder of Laurent Armand Carrière, a Canadian-born tourist.

Bibliography[link]

In popular culture[link]

The made for TV movie ''Shadow of the Cobra'' (1989) is based on Sobhraj

On the TV series ''Law & Order: Criminal Intent'', the character of Nicole Wallace, portrayed by Olivia d'Abo, is loosely based on Marie-Andrée Leclerc. In the episode "Slither" (which was originally to be titled "Serpentine"), Michael York appears as Bernard Fremont, Wallace's mentor and former partner-in-crime, who is clearly based on Sobhraj

The punk band Bikini Kill references Sobhraj's nickname.

The video game series Dragon Quest references the nickname Bikini Killer with the spell "Bikill" which appears in almost every title in the series. The coded/modified nature of this reference indicates a certain underground phenomenon/awareness of Sobhraj's story and legacy. The spell makes a character's attacking ability much more vigorous, similar to the spell "Berserk" later incorporated in Final Fantasy games.

See also[link]

Joshi-Abhyankar serial murders

External links[link]

Sobhraj’s Past Revives via his wife Nihita - Big Boss 5

SC upholds Sobhraj conviction

Cop who investigated 1975 murders settles score as lawyer

Inspector who foiled Sobhraj

Return of the Serpent

All about Charles Sobraj, by Mark Gribben on ''Crime Library''

Asia's most infamous serial killer gets life...

Shadow of the Cobra on IMDb

Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:French serial killers Category:French prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Nepal Category:Prisoners and detainees of India Category:French people imprisoned abroad Sobraj, Charles Sobraj, Charles Category:French people convicted of murder Category:People convicted of murder by Nepal Category:People convicted of murder by India Category:People convicted of theft Category:Burglars Category:Confidence tricksters

fr:Charles Sobhraj he:צ'ארלס סובראג' nl:Charles Sobhraj pl:Charles Sobhraj sv:Charles Sobhraj vi:Charles Sobhraj