The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com:80/R_B
Thursday, 28 June 2012
Tuner Skyline GT-R MEGA TEST- RB Japanese Muscle - Hot Version International
BMW RB Turbo'd 335i vs. Lamborghini Gallardo
Coldplay - The Scientist
RB - Japanese Muscle #1 part 3 - Hot Version
RB Greaves -Take A Letter Maria
Johnathan Gray - RB Aledo Class of 2012 Sophomore Highlight Clip
Line Rider - One Eyed Giant
Lincoln University (MO) Football. Amazing Flip by RB Martee Tenner 2012 by Gavin Frevert
Alex Green - The Draft's Top Big RB
RB Innovations Supercharger
2012 RB - Matt Jones
Brandnew Pleo rb 2010

R B

ALBUMS

RELEASE


ALBUMS


Make changes yourself !



Tuner Skyline GT-R MEGA TEST- RB Japanese Muscle - Hot Version International
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Jan 2010
  • Duration: 24:36
  • Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Author: GTchannel
Go to gtchannel.com for more car videos and content. Before the R35 GT-R, there was the "SKYLINE GT-R"...Featured cars HKS R34 Skyline GT-R, Hosaka R33 Skyline GT-R, Bee Racing B324R Drift Car, Esprit Z33 with RB26.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Tuner Skyline GT-R MEGA TEST- RB Japanese Muscle - Hot Version International
BMW RB Turbo'd 335i vs. Lamborghini Gallardo
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Aug 2010
  • Duration: 1:31
  • Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Author: SuperFastHD
Synopsis: A short race between a highly modded BMW E92 335i Coupe and a modded Lamborghini Gallardo. Modifications are in the video as well as below: 2007 BMW E92 335i has: - upgraded Rob Beck turbochargers @ 20 psi - Burger Motorsports (BMS) JB3 and intake - Helix front mount intercooler - RPI ram air scoops - Downpipes - pump gas/race gas mix (approx. 96 octane) - 480rwhp 2006 Lamborghini Gallardo has: - LOC catback - Fabspeed cat-deletes - EVOMS ECU tune - Weight reduction Disclaimer: All runs done in Bolivia.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/BMW RB Turbo'd 335i vs. Lamborghini Gallardo
Coldplay - The Scientist
  • Order:
  • Published: 27 May 2011
  • Duration: 4:26
  • Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Author: ColdplayVEVO
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto links.emi.com The Scientist is out now on all digital stores -- get it from (itunes.apple.com This video was directed by Jamie Thraves in 2002 and was filmed in London and Surrey. Music video by Coldplay performing The Scientist. (C) 2005 EMI Records Ltd This label copy information is the subject of copyright protection. All rights reserved. (C) 2005 EMI Records Ltd
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Coldplay - The Scientist
RB - Japanese Muscle #1 part 3 - Hot Version
  • Order:
  • Published: 14 Jun 2011
  • Duration: 7:21
  • Updated: 20 Jun 2012
Author: GTchannel
Go to gtchannel.com for more videos. Featured Cars : HKS R34 Skyline GT-R, MINE'S R34 Skyline GT-R, HOSAKA R33 Skyline GT-R, Bee Racing R324R Drift Car Reviewers : KEIICHI TSUCHIYA, MANABU ORIDO, JUICHI WAKISAKA Track : Ebisu Circuit East Course
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/RB - Japanese Muscle #1 part 3 - Hot Version
RB Greaves -Take A Letter Maria
  • Order:
  • Published: 12 Dec 2008
  • Duration: 2:39
  • Updated: 24 Jun 2012
Author: KlassikRocker
Live audience video for the song
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/RB Greaves -Take A Letter Maria
Johnathan Gray - RB Aledo Class of 2012 Sophomore Highlight Clip
  • Order:
  • Published: 25 Mar 2010
  • Duration: 6:43
  • Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Author: TexasPreps
Below is a highlight on one of the top over all prospects for the Class of 2012. As a sophomore Johnathan ran for close to 2800 yards and had 50 TD's while leading his team to the 4A state title. You may have heard of Gray's great season. Now Im going to show it to you. Enjoy!!!
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Johnathan Gray - RB Aledo Class of 2012 Sophomore Highlight Clip
Line Rider - One Eyed Giant
  • Order:
  • Published: 27 Dec 2006
  • Duration: 2:37
  • Updated: 25 Jun 2012
Author: skate2skamusic
This is the story of a little sledder called Line Rider Dude who was captured by the lonely One Eyed Giant, who now wants to eat our little hero. Can Line Rider Dude escape the giant with his magical sled skills? Watch and find out. Track Made in Line Rider Beta 2.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Line Rider - One Eyed Giant
Alex Green - The Draft's Top Big RB
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Feb 2011
  • Duration: 5:28
  • Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Author: PremierSportsEnt
The Draft's top big back (6', 225), Hawaii's Alex Green, is also explosive by recording a 4.45/40 at the NFL Combine and leading all draft eligible RB's with an impressive 8.2 yards per carry in 2010. Pre-Draft visits, include: Eagles, Rams, Titans, Lions, Falcons and Saints.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Alex Green - The Draft's Top Big RB
RB Innovations Supercharger
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Jun 2007
  • Duration: 1:10
  • Updated: 11 Jun 2012
Author: integrated12345
a Vid of my RB Innovations Supercharger
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/RB Innovations Supercharger
2012 RB - Matt Jones
  • Order:
  • Published: 08 Nov 2009
  • Duration: 5:29
  • Updated: 19 Jun 2012
Author: SunshinePreps
SunshinePrep's highlight
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/2012 RB - Matt Jones
Brandnew Pleo rb 2010
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Oct 2010
  • Duration: 2:00
  • Updated: 20 Jun 2012
Author: marcimarc444
This is the brandnew Pleo rb (reborn) just bought Oct. 2010 at the Hong Kong Electronic Fair. It comes in blue and pink color.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Brandnew Pleo rb 2010
RB-36 Walkaround
  • Order:
  • Published: 21 Sep 2007
  • Duration: 2:37
  • Updated: 04 Jun 2012
Author: megashegem
Taken at Castle Air Museum in Atwater,CA. This thing is big!
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/RB-36 Walkaround
Ryan Mathews, RB, Fresno State (2009)
  • Order:
  • Published: 14 Jan 2010
  • Duration: 7:20
  • Updated: 12 Jun 2012
Author: DACM4N
Ryan Mathews Junior Season Highlights. Final season Stats, 276att-1808yrds-6.6avg-19td. Original audio was swaped.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120628075727/http://wn.com/Ryan Mathews, RB, Fresno State (2009)
Go to gtchannel.com for more car videos and content. Before the R35 GT-R, there was the "SKYLINE GT-R"...Featured cars HKS R34 Skyline GT-R, Hosaka R33 Skyline GT-R, Bee Racing B324R Drift Car, Esprit Z33 with RB26.
24:36
Tuner Sky­line GT-R MEGA TEST- RB Japanese Mus­cle - Hot Ver­sion In­ter­na­tion­al
Go to gtchannel.​com for more car videos and con­tent. Be­fore the R35 GT-R, there was the &q...;
pub­lished: 16 Jan 2010
au­thor: GTchan­nel
1:31
BMW RB Turbo'd 335i vs. Lam­borgh­i­ni Gal­lar­do
Syn­op­sis: A short race be­tween a high­ly mod­ded BMW E92 335i Coupe and a mod­ded Lam­borgh­i­ni...
pub­lished: 23 Aug 2010
au­thor: Su­per­FastHD
4:26
Cold­play - The Sci­en­tist
Click here to buy Mylo Xy­lo­to links.​emi.​com The Sci­en­tist is out now on all dig­i­tal stores...
pub­lished: 27 May 2011
7:21
RB - Japanese Mus­cle #1 part 3 - Hot Ver­sion
Go to gtchannel.​com for more videos. Fea­tured Cars : HKS R34 Sky­line GT-R, MINE'S R34 ...
pub­lished: 14 Jun 2011
au­thor: GTchan­nel
2:39
RB Greaves -Take A Let­ter Maria
Live au­di­ence video for the song...
pub­lished: 12 Dec 2008
6:43
Johnathan Gray - RB Aledo Class of 2012 Sopho­more High­light Clip
Below is a high­light on one of the top over all prospects for the Class of 2012. As a soph...
pub­lished: 25 Mar 2010
au­thor: Tex­as­Preps
2:37
Line Rider - One Eyed Giant
This is the story of a lit­tle sled­der called Line Rider Dude who was cap­tured by the lonel...
pub­lished: 27 Dec 2006
1:28
Lin­coln Uni­ver­si­ty (MO) Foot­ball. Amaz­ing Flip by RB Mar­tee Ten­ner 2012 by Gavin Fre­vert
Spring foot­ball scrim­age. amaz­ing flip made by the run­ning back....
pub­lished: 23 Apr 2012
au­thor: JCblog1
5:28
Alex Green - The Draft's Top Big RB
The Draft's top big back (6', 225), Hawaii's Alex Green, is also ex­plo­sive by ...
pub­lished: 23 Feb 2011
1:10
RB In­no­va­tions Su­per­charg­er
a Vid of my RB In­no­va­tions Su­per­charg­er...
pub­lished: 23 Jun 2007
5:29
2012 RB - Matt Jones
Sun­shinePrep's high­light...
pub­lished: 08 Nov 2009
au­thor: Sun­shinePreps
2:00
Brand­new Pleo rb 2010
This is the brand­new Pleo rb (re­born) just bought Oct. 2010 at the Hong Kong Elec­tron­ic Fa...
pub­lished: 16 Oct 2010
2:37
RB-36 Walka­round
Taken at Cas­tle Air Mu­se­um in At­wa­ter,CA. This thing is big!...
pub­lished: 21 Sep 2007
au­thor: megashegem
7:20
Ryan Math­ews, RB, Fres­no State (2009)
Ryan Math­ews Ju­nior Sea­son High­lights. Final sea­son Stats, 276att-1808yrds-6.6avg-19td. Or...
pub­lished: 14 Jan 2010
au­thor: DACM4N
16:16
*** HOT *** Adri­an Pe­ter­son Vikings RB In­ter­view - Digg Di­alogg
Adri­an Pe­ter­son an­swers your ques­tions from Digg.​com in an in­ter­view with Peter King of Sp...
pub­lished: 16 Dec 2009
au­thor: re­vi­sion3
3:41
High­lights of RB Bryce Brown, #15 on Takkle/SI's Top 200
High­lights of RB Bryce Brown, #15 on Takkle/Sports Il­lus­trat­ed's Top 200 High School F...
pub­lished: 08 Oct 2008
au­thor: takk­lesquad
1:11
Nick Ash­ford Dead at 70; RB Singer Teamed With Va­lerie Simp­son To Write Nu­mer­ous Mo­town Hits
Nick Ash­ford has passed away at age 70. Ash­ford paired pro­fes­sion­al­ly with his wife, Valer...
pub­lished: 23 Aug 2011
au­thor: slat­ester
6:18
Ohio State RB Chris "Beanie" Wells For Heis­man 2008
High­light video of 2008 Heis­man can­di­date Chris Wells from his Fresh­man and Sopho­more year...
pub­lished: 15 May 2008
au­thor: lex­co44
4:06
MINE'S R34 Sky­line GT-R - RB Japanese Mus­cle - Hot Ver­sion In­ter­na­tion­al
Go to gtchannel.​com for more car videos and con­tent. This is the pin­na­cle of tuner GT-Rs. ...
pub­lished: 18 Jan 2010
au­thor: GTchan­nel
2:19
RB (Re­flec Beat) - FLOW­ER game play by [SV-CORE]
地點: 台中娃娃育才店時間...
pub­lished: 16 Apr 2011
au­thor: feel­some
4:48
Sha­keem Jef­fer­son RB/DB New Boston High School - New Boston, TX
Sha­keem Jef­fer­son is a 5'10 run­ning back and de­fen­sive back from New Boston High Schoo...
pub­lished: 01 Dec 2011
2:25
RB 2 S.​HO vs­TA­M­A­GO (1.​mp4
...
pub­lished: 14 Jan 2012
au­thor: khm3110
Rhythm and blues
Stylistic origins Jazz
Blues (esp., jump, electric)
Gospel
Cultural origins 1940s–1950s, United States
Typical instruments Drum kitDouble bassSaxophoneHornsPianoOrganElectric guitarVocalsBackground vocalists
Mainstream popularity Significant from 1940s to 1960s; iconic afterwards
Derivative forms

FunkSkaSoulRock and rollReggaeDisco

later: Beat music - Power pop - Psychedelic rock - Garage rock - Pub rock (UK) - Mod revival
Subgenres
Contemporary R&BSmooth jazz
Fusion genres
Rockabilly
Local scenes
New Orleans R&B
Other topics
List of R&B musicians, British Invasion, Mod (lifestyle)

Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B and RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s.[1] The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming more popular.[2]

The term has subsequently had a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s, the term rhythm and blues was frequently applied to blues records.[3] Starting in the mid-1950s, after this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll, the term "R&B" became used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music. By the 1970s, rhythm and blues was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a newer style of R&B developed, becoming known as "Contemporary R&B".

Contents

Etymology[link]

Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine coined the term "rhythm and blues" in 1948 as a musical marketing term in the United States.[4] It replaced the term "race music", which originally came from within the black community, but was deemed offensive in the postwar world.[5][6] The term "rhythm and blues" was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, when its "Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles" chart was renamed as "Best Selling Soul Singles".[7]

Writer/producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as "a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans".[8] He has used the term "R&B" as a synonym for jump blues.[9] However, Allmusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat.[10] Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that "rhythm and blues" was an umbrella term invented for industry convenience. According to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts.[11] Well into the 21st Century, the term R&B continues in use (in some contexts) to categorize music made by black musicians, as distinct from styles of music made by other musicians.[12]

In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, and saxophone. Arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, and often hypnotic textures while calling attention to no individual sound. While singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, a practice associated with the modern popular music that rhythm and blues performers aspired to dominate. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords and structure.[13]

History[link]

T-Bone Walker, American Folk Blues Festival 1972 (Heinrich Klaffs Collection 46)

Precursors[link]

Louis Jordan, New York, N.Y., ca. July 1946 (William P. Gottlieb 04721)

The migration of African Americans to the urban industrial centers of Chicago, Detroit, New York, Los Angeles and elsewhere in the 1920s and 1930s created a new market for jazz, blues, and related genres of music, often performed by full-time musicians, either working alone or in small groups. The precursors of rhythm and blues came from jazz and blues, which overlapped in the Late-1920s,1930s through the work of musicians such as The Harlem Hamfats, with their 1936 hit "Oh Red", as well as Lonnie Johnson, Leroy Carr, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, and T-Bone Walker. There was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone.[14]

Late 1940s[link]

Big Joe Turner, Hamburg 1974 (Heinrich Klaffs Collection 86)

In 1948, RCA Victor was marketing black music under the name "Blues and Rhythm". In that year, Louis Jordan dominated the top five listings of the R&B charts with three songs, and two of the top five songs were based on the boogie-woogie rhythms that had come to prominence during the 1940s.[15] Jordan's band, the Tympany Five (formed in 1938), consisted of him on saxophone and vocals, along with musicians on trumpet, tenor saxophone, piano, bass and drums.[16][17] Lawrence Cohn described the music as "grittier than his boogie-era jazz-tinged blues".[18] Robert Palmer described it as "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat".[2] Jordan's cool music, along with that of Big Joe Turner, Roy Brown, Billy Wright, and Wynonie Harris, is now also referred to as jump blues. Also in 1948, Wynonie Harris' remake of Roy Brown's 1947 recording "Good Rockin' Tonight" hit the charts in the #2 spot, following band leader Sonny Thompson's "Long Gone" at #1.[19][20]

In 1949, the term "Rhythm and Blues" replaced the Billboard category Harlem Hit Parade.[11] Also in that year, "The Huckle-Buck", recorded by band leader and saxophonist Paul Williams, was the #1 R&B tune, remaining on top of the charts for nearly the entire year. Written by musician and arranger Andy Gibson, the song was described as a "dirty boogie" because it was risque and raunchy.[21] Paul Williams and His Hucklebuckers' concerts were sweaty riotous affairs that got shut down on more than one occasion. Their lyrics, by Roy Alfred (who later co-wrote the 1955 hit "(The) Rock and Roll Waltz"), were mildly sexually suggestive, and one teenager from Philadelphia said "That Hucklebuck was a very nasty dance".[22][23] Also in 1949, a new version of a 1920s blues song, "Ain't Nobody's Business" was a #4 hit for Jimmy Witherspoon, and Louis Jordan and the Tympany Five once again made the top 5 with "Saturday Night Fish Fry".[24] Many of these hit records were issued on new independent record labels, such as Savoy (founded 1942), King (founded 1943), Imperial (founded 1945), Specialty (founded 1946), Chess (founded 1947), and Atlantic (founded 1948).[14]

Afro-Cuban rhythmic influence[link]

African American music began incorporating Afro-Cuban rhythmic motifs in the 1800s with the popularity of the Cuban contradanza (known outside of Cuba as the habanera). The habanera rhythm can be thought of as a combination of tresillo and the backbeat.

The habanera rhythm shown as tresillo (lower notes) with the backbeat (upper note).

For the more than quarter-century in which the cakewalk, ragtime and proto-jazz were forming and developing, the Cuban genre habanera was a consistent part of African American popular music.[25] Jazz pioneer Jelly Roll Morton considered the tresillo/habanera rhythm (which he called the Spanish tinge) to be an essential ingredient of jazz.[26] There are examples of tresillo-like rhythms in some African American folk musics such as the hand clapping and foot stomping patterns in ring shout, post-Civil War drum and fife music, and New Orleans second line music.[27] Wynton Marsalis considers tresillo to be the New Orleans "clave" (although technically, the pattern is only half a clave).[28] Tresillo is the most basic duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions, and its use in African American music is one of the clearest examples of African rhythmic retention in the United States.[29] The use of tresillo was continuously reinforced by the consecutive waves of Cuban music, which were adopted into North American popular culture. In 1940 Bob Zurke released "Rhumboogie," a boogie woogie with a tresillo bass line, and lyrics proudly declaring the adoption of Cuban rhythm:

"Harlem's got a new rhythm, man it's burning up the dance floors because it's so hot! They took a little rhumba rhythm and added boogie woogie and now look what they got! Rhumboogie, it's Harlem's new creation with the Cuban syncopation, it's the killer! Just plant your both feet on each side. Let both your hips and shoulder glide. Then throw your body back and ride. There's nothing like rhumbaoogie, rhumboogie, boogie woogie. In Harlem or Havana, you can kiss the old Savannah. It's a killer!" Watch: The Andrews Sisters performing "Rhumboogie" (1940).

Although originating in the metropolis at the mouth of the Mississippi River, New Orleans blues, with its Afro-Caribbean rhythmic traits, is distinct from the sound of the Mississippi Delta blues.[30] In the late 1940s, New Orleans musicians were especially receptive to Cuban influences precisely at the time when R&B was first forming.[31] The first use of tresillo in R&B occurred in New Orleans. Robert Palmer recalls:

Fats Domino 1956

New Orleans producer-bandleader Dave Bartholomew first employed this figure (as a saxophone-section riff) on his own 1949 disc "Country Boy" and subsequently helped make it the most over-used rhythmic pattern in 1950’s rock ‘n’ roll. On numerous recordings by Fats Domino, Little Richard and others, Bartholomew assigned this repeating three-note pattern not just to the string bass, but also to electric guitars and even baritone sax, making for a very heavy bottom. He recalls first hearing the figure – as a bass pattern on a Cuban disc" (1995).[32]

In a 1988 interview with Palmer, Bartholomew (who had the first R&B studio band),[33] revealed how he initially superimposed tresillo over swing rhythm:

"I heard the bass playing that part on a 'rumba' record. On 'Country Boy' I had my bass and drums playing a straight swing rhythm and wrote out that 'rumba' bass part for the saxes to play on top of the swing rhythm. Later, especially after rock ‘n’ roll came along, I made the 'rumba' bass part heavier and heavier. I’d have the string bass, an electric guitar and a baritone all in unison."[34]

Bartholomew referred to the Cuban son by the misnomer rumba, a common practice of that time. Listen: "Country Boy" by Dave Bartholomew (1949). Fats Domino's "Blue Monday," produced by Bartholomew, is another example of this now classic use of tresillo in R&B. Listen: Fat's Domino's "Blue Monday" (1956). On Bartholomew's 1949 tresillo-based "Oh Cubanas" we clearly hear an attempt to blend African American and Afro-Cuban music. The word mambo, larger than any of the other text, is placed prominently on the 45' label.

In his composition "Misery," New Orleans pianist Professor Longhair (Henry Roeland Byrd) plays a habanera-like figure in his left hand. The deft use of triplets is a characteristic of Longhair's style.

"Misery" by Professor Longhair (1957).

Gerhard Kubik notes that with the exception of New Orleans, early blues lacked complex polyrhythms, and there was a "very specific absence of asymmetric time-line patterns (key patterns) in virtually all early twentieth century African American music . . . only in some New Orleans generes does a hint of simple time line patterns occasionally appear in the form of transient so-called 'stomp' patterns or stop-time chorus. These do do not function in the same way as African time lines."[35] In the late 1940s this changed somewhat when the two-celled time line structure was brought into the blues. New Orleans musicians such as Bartholomew and Longhair incorporated Cuban instruments, as well as the clave pattern and related two-celled figures in songs such as "Carnival Day," (Bartholomew 1949) and "Mardi Gras In New Orleans" (Longhair 1949). While some of these early experiments were awkward fusions, the Afro-Cuban elements were eventually integrated fully into the New Orleans sound.

Robert Palmer reports that, in the 1940s, Professor Longhair listened to and played with musicians from the islands and "fell under the spell of Perez Prado's mambo records."[36] He was especially enamored with Afro-Cuban music. Michael Campbell states: "Professor Longhair’s influence was . . . far reaching. In several of his early recordings, Professor Longhair blended Afro-Cuban rhythms with rhythm and blues. The most explicit is 'Longhair’s Blues Rhumba,' where he overlays a straightforward blues with a clave rhythm."[37] Longhair's particular style was known locally as rumba-boogie.[38] In his "Mardi Gras in New Orleans," the pianist employs the 2-3 clave onbeat/offbeat motif in a rumba boogie "guajeo" (below).[39] 2-3 clave is written above the piano excerpt for reference.

Piano excerpt from the rumba boogie "Mardi Gras in New Orleans" (1949) by Professor Longhair. 2-3 clave is written above for rhythmic reference.

The syncopated, but straight subdivision feel of Cuban music (as opposed to swung subdivisions) took root in New Orleans R&B during this time. Alexander Stewart states that the popular feel was passed along from "New Orleans—through James Brown's music, to the popular music of the 1970s," adding: "The singular style of rhythm & blues that emerged from New Orleans in the years after World War II played an important role in the development of funk. In a related development, the underlying rhythms of American popular music underwent a basic, yet generally unacknowledged transition from triplet or shuffle feel to even or straight eighth notes.[40] Concerning the various funk motifs, Stewart states: "This model, it should be noted, is different from a time line (such as clave and tresillo) in that it is not an exact pattern, but more of a loose organizing principle."[41]

Johnny Otis released the R&B mambo "Mambo Boogie" in January 1951, featuring congas, maracas, claves, and mambo saxophone guajeos in a blues progression.[42] Listen: "Mambo Boogie" by Johnny Otis (1951).

Saxophone guajeo in blues progression. "Mambo Boogie" by Johnny Otis (1951).

Ike Turner recorded "Cubano Jump" (1954) an electric guitar instrumental, which is built around several 2-3 clave figures, adopted from the mambo. Listen: "Cubano Jump" by Ike Turner (1954). The Hawketts, in "Mardi Gras Mambo" (1955) (featuring the vocals of a young Art Neville), make a clear reference to Perez Prado in their use of his trademark "Unhh!" in the break after the introduction.[43] Listen: "Mardi Gras Mambo" by the Hawketts (1955).

Ned Sublette states: "The electric blues cats were very well aware of Latin music, and there was definitely such a thing as rhumba blues; you can hear Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf playing it."[44] He also cites Otis Rush, Ike Turner and Ray Charles, as R&B artists who employed this feel.[44]

The use of clave in R&B coincided with the growing dominance of the backbeat, and the rising popularity of Cuban music in the U.S. In a sense, clave can be distilled down to tresillo (three-side) answered by the backbeat (two-side).[45]

3-2 clave written in two measures in cut-time.
Tresillo answered by the backbeat, the essence of clave in African American music.

The "Bo Diddley beat" (1955) is perhaps the first true fusion of 3-2 clave and R&B/rock 'n' roll. Watch: "Hey Bo Diddley" performed live by Bo Diddley (1965). Bo Diddley has given different accounts of the riff's origins. Sublette asserts: "In the context of the time, and especially those maracas [heard on the record], 'Bo Diddley' has to be understood as a Latin-tinged record. A rejected cut recorded at the same session was titled only 'Rhumba' on the track sheets."[46] Johnny Otis' "Willie and the Hand Jive" (1958) is another example of this successful blend of 3-2 clave and R&B. Watch: "Hand Jive" performed by Johnny Otis. The Johnny Otis Show. Otis used the Cuban instruments claves and maracas on the song.

Bo Diddley's "Bo Diddley beat" is a clave-based motif.

Afro-Cuban music became the conduit through which African American music was "re-Africanized," through the adoption of two-celled figures like clave and Afro-Cuban instruments like the conga drum, bongos, maracas and claves. According to John Storm Roberts, R&B became the vehicle for the return of Cuban elements into mass popular music.[47] Ahmet Etregun, producer for Atlantic Records, is reported to have said that "Afro-Cuban rhythms added color and excitement to the basic drive of R&B."[48] As Ned Sublette points out though: "By the 1960s, with Cuba the object of a United States embargo that still remains in effect today, the island nation had been forgotten as a source of music. By the time people began to talk about rock and roll as having a history, Cuban music had vanished from North American consciousness."[49]

Early to mid 1950s[link]

Ray Charles in 1971. Photo: Heinrich Klaffs.

Johnny Otis, who had signed with the Newark, New Jersey-based Savoy Records, produced many R&B hits in 1951, including: "Double Crossing Blues", "Mistrustin' Blues" and "Cupid's Boogie", all of which hit number one that year. Otis scored ten top ten hits that year. Other hits include: "Gee Baby", "Mambo Boogie" and "All Nite Long".[50] The Clovers, a vocal trio who sang a distinctive sounding combination of blues and gospel, had the #5 hit of the year with "Don't You Know I Love You" on Atlantic Records.[50][51][52] Also in July 1951, Cleveland, Ohio DJ Alan Freed started a late-night radio show called "The Moondog Rock Roll House Party" on WJW-AM (850).[53] Freed's show was sponsored by Fred Mintz, whose R&B record store had a primarily African American clientele. Freed began referring to the rhythm and blues music he played as "rock and roll".

In 1951, Little Richard Penniman began recording for RCA Records in the jump blues style of late 1940s stars Roy Brown and Billy Wright. However, it wasn't until he prepared a demo in 1954, that caught the attention of Specialty Records, that the world would start to hear his new, uptempo, funky rhythm and blues that would catapult him to fame in 1955 and help define the sound of rock 'n' roll. A rapid succession of rhythm and blues hits followed, beginning with "Tutti Frutti" and "Long Tall Sally", which would influence performers such as James Brown,[54] Elvis Presley,[55] and Otis Redding.[56]

Ruth Brown on the Atlantic label, placed hits in the top 5 every year from 1951 through 1954: "Teardrops from My Eyes", "Five, Ten, Fifteen Hours", "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean" and "What a Dream". Faye Adams's "Shake a Hand" made it to #2 in 1952. In 1953, the R&B record-buying public made Willie Mae Thornton's original recording of Leiber and Stoller's "Hound Dog" the #3 hit that year. Ruth Brown was very prominent among female R&B stars. Ruth Brown’s popularity most likely derived because of “her deeply rooted vocal delivery in African American tradition”[57] [58] That same year The Orioles, a doo-wop group, had the #4 hit of the year with "Crying in the Chapel".[59]

Fats Domino made the top 30 of the pop charts in 1952 and 1953, then the top 10 with "Ain't That a Shame".[60] Ray Charles came to national prominence in 1955 with "I Got a Woman". Big Bill Broonzy said of Charles' music: "He's mixing the blues with the spirituals... I know that's wrong."[61]

In 1954 The Chords' "Sh-Boom" became the first hit to cross over from the R&B chart to hit the top 10 early in the year. Late in the year, and into 1955, "Hearts of Stone" by The Charms made the top 20.[62]

At Chess Records in the spring of 1955, Bo Diddley's debut record "Bo Diddley"/"I'm A Man" climbed to #2 on the R&B charts and popularized Bo Diddley's own original rhythm and blues clave-based vamp that would become a mainstay in rock and roll.

At the urging of Leonard Chess at Chess Records, Chuck Berry had reworked a country fiddle tune with a long history, entitled "Ida Red". The resulting "Maybellene" was not only a #3 hit on the R&B charts in 1955, but also reached into the top 30 on the pop charts. Alan Freed, who had moved to the much larger market of New York City in 1954, helped the record become popular with white teenagers. Freed had been given part of the writers' credit by Chess in return for his promotional activities; a common practice at the time.[63]

Late 1950s[link]

Della Reese

In 1956, an R&B "Top Stars of '56" tour took place, with headliners Al Hibbler, Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, and Carl Perkins, whose "Blue Suede Shoes" was very popular with R&B music buyers. Some of the performers completing the bill were Chuck Berry, Cathy Carr, Shirley & Lee, Della Reese, the Cleftones, and the Spaniels with Illinois Jacquet's Big Rockin' Rhythm Band. Cities visited by the tour included Columbia, SC, Annapolis, MD, Pittsburgh, PA, Syracuse, Rochester and Buffalo, NY, into Canada, and through the mid Western US ending in Texas. In Columbia the concert ended with a near riot as Perkins began his first song as the closing act. Perkins is quoted as saying, "It was dangerous. Lot of kids got hurt. There was a lot of rioting going on, just crazy, man! The music drove 'em insane." In Annapolis 70,000 to 50,000 people tried to attend a sold out performance with 8,000 seats. Roads were clogged for seven hours.[64] Film makers took advantage of the popularity of "rhythm and blues" musicians as "rock n roll" musicians beginning in 1956. Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Big Joe Turner, The Treniers, The Platters, The Flamingos, all made it onto the big screen.[65]

Two Elvis Presley records made the R&B top five in 1957: "Jailhouse Rock"/"Treat Me Nice" at #1, and "All Shook Up" at #5, an unprecedented acceptance of a non-African American artist into a music category known for being created by blacks.[66] Nat King Cole, a former jazz pianist who had had #1 and #2 hits on the pop charts in the early 1950s ("Mona Lisa" at #2 in 1950 and "Too Young" at #1 in 1951), had a record in the top 5 in the R&B charts in 1958, "Looking Back"/"Do I Like It".

In 1959, two black-owned record labels, one of which would become hugely successful, made their debut: Sam Cooke's Sar, and Berry Gordy's Motown Records.[67] Brook Benton was at the top of the R&B charts in 1959 and 1960 with one #1 and two #2 hits. Benton had a certain warmth in his voice that attracted a wide variety of listeners, and his ballads led to comparisons with performers such as Cole, Sinatra and Tony Bennett.[68] Lloyd Price, who in 1952 had a #1 hit with "Lawdy Miss Clawdy" regained predominance with a version of "Stagger Lee" at #1 and "Personality" at #5 for in 1959.[69][70]

The white bandleader of the Bill Black Combo, Bill Black, who had helped start Elvis Presley's career, was popular with black listeners. Ninety percent of his record sales were from black people, and his "Smokey, Part 2" (1959) rose to the #1 position on black music charts. He was once told that "a lot of those stations still think you're a black group because the sound feels funky and black." Hi Records did not feature pictures of the Combo on early records.[71]

1960s and later[link]

Sam Cooke's #5 hit "Chain Gang" is indicative of R&B in 1960, as is Chubby Checker's #5 hit "The Twist".[72][73] By the early 1960s, the music industry category previously known as rhythm and blues was being called soul music, and similar music by white artists was labeled blue eyed soul.[74] Motown Records had its first million-selling single in 1960 with The Miracles' "Shop Around", and in 1961, Stax Records had its first hit with Carla Thomas' "Gee Whiz! (Look at His Eyes)".[75][76] Stax's next major hit, the Mar-Keys' instrumental "Last Night" (also released in 1961) introduced the rawer Memphis soul sound for which Stax became known.[77] In Jamaica, R&B influenced the development of ska.[78][79][80]

By the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues was being used as a blanket term for soul, funk, and disco. Around the same time, earlier R&B was an influence on British pub rock and later, the mod revival. Now the term R&B is almost always used instead of the full rhythm and blues, and mainstream use of the term usually refers to contemporary R&B, which is a newer version of soul and funk-influenced pop music that originated as disco faded from popularity.

British rhythm and blues[link]

Eric Burdon & the Animals (1964).

British rhythm and blues developed in the early 1960s, largely as a response to the recordings of American artists, often brought over by African American servicemen stationed in Britain during the Cold War, or merchant seamen visiting ports such as London, Liverpool, Newcastle on Tyne and Belfast.[81] Many bands, particularly in the developing London club scene, tried to emulate black rhythm and blues performers, resulting in a "rawer" or "grittier" sound than the more popular "beat groups".[82] Initially developing out of the trad jazz, skiffle and folk club scenes, early artists tended to focus on major blues performers and standard forms, particularly Alexis Korner, who acted as a mentor to members of The Rolling Stones, The Yardbirds, Manfred Mann, the Graham Bond Organisation and The Kinks.[82] Although this "purist" interest in the blues would have an impact on major British rock musicians, including Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Peter Green and Jimmy Page, other artists adopted an interest in a wider range of rhythm and blues styles.[82]

Most successful were the Rolling Stones, whose first eponymously titled album in 1964 largely consisted of rhythm and blues standards. They soon established themselves as the second most popular UK band (after The Beatles) and led a second wave of the "British Invasion" of the US pop charts.[82] In addition to Chicago blues numbers, the Rolling Stones also covered songs by Chuck Berry and Bobby and Shirley Womack, with the latter's "It's All Over Now", giving them their first UK number one in 1964.[83] Blues songs and influences continued to surface in the Rolling Stones' music in later years. Other London-based bands included the Yardbirds, the Kinks, Manfred Mann and the Pretty Things, beside more jazz-influenced acts like the Graham Bond Organisation, Georgie Fame and Zoot Money.[82] Bands to emerge from other major British cities included The Animals from Newcastle on Tyne, The Moody Blues and Spencer Davis Group from Birmingham, and Them from Belfast.[82] None of these bands played exclusively rhythm and blues, but it remained at the core of their early albums.[82]

The British Mod subculture was musically centred on rhythm and blues and later soul music, performed by artists that were not available in small London clubs around which the scene was based.[84] As a result a number of bands emerged to fill this gap, including Small Faces, The Creation, and most successfully The Who.[84] The Who's early promotional material tagged them as producing "maximum rhythm and blues", but by about 1966 they moved from attempting to emulate American R&B to producing songs that reflected the Mod lifestyle.[84] Many of these bands enjoyed national success in the UK, but found it difficult to break into the American market.[84]

The British R&B bands produced music which was very different in tone from that of African American artists, often with more emphasis on guitars and sometimes with greater energy.[82] They have been criticised for exploiting the massive catalogue of African American music, but it has also been noted that they both popularised that music, bringing it to British, world and in some cases American audiences, and helping to build the reputation of existing and past rhythm and blues artists.[82] Most of these bands rapidly moved on from recording and performing American standards to writing and recording their own music, often leaving their R&B roots behind.[82] Many helped pioneer psychedelic, and eventually progressive and hard rock, having a major influence of the nature and sound of rock music and meaning that rhythm and blues would be a major component of that sound.[82]

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ The new blue music: changes in rhythm & blues, 1950–1999, p.172
  2. ^ a b Palmer, Robert (1982-07-29). Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta (paperback ed.). Penguin. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6. 
  3. ^ The new blue music: changes in rhythm & blues, 1950–1999, p.8
  4. ^ Sacks, Leo (1993-08-29). "The Soul of Jerry Wexler". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D7163BF93AA1575BC0A965958260. Retrieved 2007-01-11. 
  5. ^ Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin,Mary Katherine; Bastin,Bruce (1993). Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Abbeville Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-1-55859-271-1. 
  6. ^ Jerry Wexler, famed record producer, dies at 91, Nekesa Mumbi Moody, AP Music Writer, Dallas Morning News, 15 August 2008
  7. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-1995. Record Research. ISBN 0-89820-115-2. 
  8. ^ Palmer, Robert (1995-kk09-19). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony. ISBN 978-0-517-70050-1. 
  9. ^ Palmer, Robert. Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-670-49511-5. 
  10. ^ Allmusic.com
  11. ^ a b Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin,Mary Katherine; Bastin,Bruce (1993). Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-1-55859-271-1. 
  12. ^ "R&B". Urban Dictionary. http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=R%26B. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  13. ^ Go Cat Go! Craig Morrison. 1952. University of Illinois Press. page 30. ISBN 0-252-06538-7
  14. ^ a b "Tad Richards, "Rhythm and Blues", St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture". Findarticles.com. 2002-01-29. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419101026/?tag=content;col1. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  15. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1947". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1947. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  16. ^ [1][dead link]
  17. ^ "Louis Jordan at All About Jazz". Allaboutjazz.com. http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=8211. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  18. ^ Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin, Mary Katherine; Bastin,Bruce (1993). Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Abbeville Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-55859-271-1. 
  19. ^ "The Vocal Group Harmony Web Site". Vocalgroupharmony.com. http://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/Swinging.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  20. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1948". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1948. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  21. ^ Biography for Andy Gibson at the Internet Movie Database
  22. ^ "Hucklebuck!". Wfmu.org. http://www.wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck1.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  23. ^ "Hucklebuck!". Wfmu.org. 1948-12-15. http://www.wfmu.org/LCD/26/huck2.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  24. ^ "– Year End Charts – Year-end Singles – Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1949. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  25. ^ Roberts, John Storm (1999: 16) Latin Jazz. New York: Schirmer Books.
  26. ^ Morton, “Jelly Roll” (1938: Library of Congress Recording): "Now in one of my earliest tunes, 'New Orleans Blues,' you can notice the Spanish tinge. In fact, if you can’t manage to put tinges of Spanish in your tunes, you will never be able to get the right seasoning, I call it, for jazz." The Complete Recordings By Alan Lomax.
  27. ^ Kubik, Gerhard (1999: 52). Africa and the Blues. Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi.
  28. ^ "Wynton Marsalis part 2." 60 Minutes. CBS News (26 Jun 2011).
  29. ^ Schuller, Gunther (1968: 19) "It is probably safe to say that by and large the simpler African rhythmic patterns survived in jazz . . . because they could be adapted more readily to European rhythmic conceptions. Some survived, others were discarded as the Europeanization progressed. It may also account for the fact that patterns such as [tresillo have] . . . remained one of the most useful and common syncopated patterns in jazz." Early Jazz; Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford Press.
  30. ^ Palmer, Robert (1981: 247). Deep Blues. New York: Penguin Books.
  31. ^ "Rhythm and blues influenced by Afro-Cuban music first surfaced in New Orleans." Campbell, Michael, and James Brody (2007: 83). Rock and Roll: An Introduction. Schirmer. ISBN 0534642950
  32. ^ Palmer, Robert (1995: 60). An Unruly History of Rock & Roll. New York: Oxford University Press.
  33. ^ Sublette, Ned (2007: 82). "The Kingsmen and the Cha-cha-chá." Ed. Eric Weisbard. Listen Again: A moentary History of Pop Music. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822340410
  34. ^ Dave Bartholomew quoted by Palmer, Robert (1988: 27) “The Cuban Connection” Spin Magazine Nov.
  35. ^ Kubik (1999: 51).
  36. ^ Palmer, Robert (1979: 14). A Tale of Two Cities: Memphis Rock and New Orleans Roll. Brooklyn.
  37. ^ Campbell, Michael, and James Brody (2007: 83). Rock and Roll: An Introduction. Schirmer. ISBN 0534642950
  38. ^ Stewart, Alexander (2000: 298). "Funky Drummer: New Orleans, James Brown and the Rhythmic Transformation of American Popular Music." Popular Music, v. 19, n. 3. Oct., 2000, p. 293-318.
  39. ^ Kevin Moore: "There are two common ways that the three-side [of clave] is expressed in Cuban popular music. The first to come into regular use, which David Peñalosa calls 'clave motif,' is based on the decorated version of the three-side of the clave rhythm. By the 1940s [there was] a trend toward the use of what Peñalosa calls the 'offbeat/onbeat motif.' Today, the offbeat/onbeat motif method is much more common." Moore (2011). Understanding Clave and Clave Changes p. 32. Santa Cruz, CA: Moore Music/Timba.com. ISBN‐10: 1466462302
  40. ^ Stewart (2000: 293).
  41. ^ Stewart (2000: 306).
  42. ^ Boggs, Vernon (1993: 30-31). "Johnny Otis R&B/Mambo Pioneer" Latin Beat Magazine. v. 3 n. 9. Nov.
  43. ^ Stewart, Alexander (2000: 307). "Funky Drummer: New Orleans, James Brown and the Rhythmic Transformation of American Popular Music." Popular Music, v. 19, n. 3. Oct., 2000, p. 293-318.
  44. ^ a b Sublette, Ned (2007: 83).
  45. ^ Peñalosa, David (2010: 174). The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. ISBN 1-886502-80-3.
  46. ^ Sublette, Ned (2007: 83). "The Kingsmen and the Cha-cha-chá." Ed. Eric Weisbard. Listen Again: A moentary History of Pop Music. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822340410
  47. ^ Roberts, John Storm (1999: 136).The Latin Tinge. Oxford University Press.
  48. ^ Roberts (1999: 137).
  49. ^ Sublette, Ned (2007: 69).
  50. ^ a b "– Biography – Johnny Otis". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?JSESSIONID=QPBXHGLFbQhkhw1S20fwnLwvQ2Nqb6zCmJLZ6NLnQQ2zNnyMWg9Q!-72533986&pid=1388. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  51. ^ "The Vocal Groups". History-of-rock.com. http://www.history-of-rock.com/vocal_groups.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  52. ^ "Clovers Don't You Know I Love You & Other Favorites CD". Cduniverse.com. 2004-05-11. http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/6730003/a/Don't+You+Know+I+Love+You+&+Other+Favorites.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  53. ^ http://library.case.edu/digitalcase/SearchResults.aspx?q=mintz
  54. ^ White, Charles. (2003), p. 231. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
  55. ^ White (2003), p. 227
  56. ^ White (2003), p. 231
  57. ^ Floyd, Samuel Jr. (1995). The Power of Black Music. Oxford University Press INC. p. 177. 
  58. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1953". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1953. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  59. ^ "The Orioles Record Label Shots". http://www.colorradio.com/orioles.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  60. ^ Go, Cat, Go! by Carl Perkins and David McGee 1996 pages 111 Hyperion Press ISBN 0-7868-6073-1
  61. ^ Cohn, Lawrence; Aldin,Mary Katherine; Bastin,Bruce (1993). Nothing but the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Abbeville Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-55859-271-1. 
  62. ^ Go, Cat, Go! by Carl Perkins and David McGee 1996 page 111 Hyperion Press ISBN 0-7868-6073-1
  63. ^ "– Biography – Chuck Berry". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?JSESSIONID=gwpQHnLPbv4cYhCG80yCBx6Pg878GwrkyyZ9196BdWhZwLT2271G!1236061003&&pid=4076. Retrieved 2012-04-20. 
  64. ^ Go, Cat, Go! by Carl Perkins and David McGee 1996 pages 188, 210, 212–214 Hyperion Press ISBN 0-7868-6073-1
  65. ^ Don't Knock the Rock (1956), Rock Around the Clock(1956), Rock, Rock, Rock (1956), Rumble on the Docks (1956), Shake, Rattle & Rock! (1956), The Girl Can't Help It (1956), Rock Baby, Rock It (1957), Untamed Youth (1957), Go, Johnny, Go! (1959)
  66. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1957". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1957. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  67. ^ Palmer, Robert (1995-09-19). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-517-70050-1. 
  68. ^ Simon, Tom. "Brook Benton Biography". http://www.shewins.com/bio.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  69. ^ "Information Not Found". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1952. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  70. ^ "Information Not Found". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1959. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  71. ^ The Blue Moon Boys—The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin . 2006. Chicago Review Press. pages 138, 139. ISBN 1-55652-614-8
  72. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1959". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1959. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  73. ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs 1960". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Hot+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Songs&g=Year-end+Singles&year=1960. Retrieved 2007-12-23. 
  74. ^ Palmer, Robert (1995-09-19). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-517-70050-1. 
  75. ^ Palmer, Robert (1995-09-19). Rock & Roll: An Unruly History. Harmony. p. 83,84. ISBN 978-0-517-70050-1. 
  76. ^ [2] sample of "Gee Whiz"
  77. ^ sample
  78. ^ "allmusic". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d386. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  79. ^ "The Origins of Ska, Reggae and Dub Music". Potentbrew.com. 1999-08-03. http://www.potentbrew.com/skaregdu.html. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  80. ^ "The Beginning". Web.fccj.edu. http://web.fccj.edu/~ivanhoof/ska/TheBeginning.html. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  81. ^ R. F. Schwartz, How Britain Got the Blues: the Transmission and Reception of American Blues Style in the United Kingdom (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), ISBN 0-7546-5580-6, p. 28.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X, pp. 1315–1316.
  83. ^ Bill Wyman, Rolling With the Stones (DK Publishing, 2002), ISBN 0-7894-9998-3, p. 137.
  84. ^ a b c d V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X, pp. 1321–1322.

http://wn.com/Rhythm_and_blues



R.B. Greaves
Birth name Ronald Bertram Aloysius Greaves III
Born (1944-11-28) November 28, 1944 (age 67)[1]
Origin Georgetown, Guyana
Genres Pop
Occupations Singer
Instruments Vocals
Years active 1969-197x
Labels Atco, Bareback, Sunflower
Associated acts Sam Cooke

Ronald Bertram Aloysius "R. B." Greaves III (born November 28, 1944, Georgetown, Guyana) is a singer who had chart success in 1969 with the pop single "Take a Letter Maria". A #2 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, this single sold one million copies and earned a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. Greaves also had a Top 40 pop hit a year later with "Always Something There to Remind Me".

Contents

Biography[link]

Greaves was born in 1944 on the United States Air Force base at Georgetown, Guyana.[1] A nephew of Sam Cooke, he grew up on a Seminole Indian reservation in the United States, but moved to England in 1963.[2] Greaves had built a career both in the Caribbean and in Great Britain, where he performed under the name Sonny Childe with his group The TNTs. His debut single "Take a Letter Maria", released under the name R.B. Greaves, had been recorded by both Tom Jones and Stevie Wonder before the author recorded it himself at the insistence of Atlantic Records president Ahmet Ertegün, who produced it. The song is the story of a man who learns of his wife's infidelity the night before and dictates a letter of separation to Maria, his ostensibly Hispanic secretary.[2] The song has a distinct Latin flavor, complete with a mariachi-style horn section. This disc stayed in the Billboard chart for 15 weeks, selling a million copies with the gold record from the R.I.A.A. on 11 December 1969.[2] By 1970 sales of the record totalled 2.5 million.[2]

Greaves recorded a series of cover versions as follow-ups, including Burt Bacharach and Hal David's "(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me" and Procol Harum's "A Whiter Shade of Pale".[1] Greaves left the label in the 1970s in favor of Bareback Records, and then signed to Sunflower Records. His only chart release for the latter label was "Margie, Who's Watching the Baby".[3]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Year Album Peak chart positions[4]
US US R&B
1969 R.B. Greaves
  • Released: 1969
  • Label: Atco Records
  • Format: LP album
85 24

Singles[link]

Year Single Peak chart positions[5] RIAA[6] Album
US US R&B US AC
1969 "Take a Letter Maria" 2 10 3 Gold R.B. Greaves
1970 "Always Something There to Remind Me" 27 50
"Whiter Shade of Pale" 82 single only
1972 "Margie, Who's Watching the Baby" 115

"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not certified

References[link]

  1. ^ a b c Whitburn, Joel (1992). Fred Weiler. ed. The Billboard Book of USA Top 40 Hits (5 ed.). Guinness. pp. 204. 
  2. ^ a b c d Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 259. ISBN 0-214-20512-6. 
  3. ^ "Billboard charted singles". Mike Curb website. pp. 23. http://www.mikecurb.com/about/pdf/billboard_charted_singles.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-02. 
  4. ^ "Album chart listings for R.B. Greaves". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p18003. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 
  5. ^ "Singles chart listings for R.B. Greaves". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p18003. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 
  6. ^ "RIAA search results for R.B. Greaves". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=R.B.%20Greaves&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50%20RIAA. Retrieved 2 August 2009. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/R._B._Greaves



Alex Green

Green in 2010 with Hawaii.
No. 20     Green Bay Packers
Running back
Personal information
Date of birth: (1988-06-23) June 23, 1988 (age 24)
Place of birth: Portland, Oregon
Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Weight: 225 lb (102 kg)
Career information
College: Hawaii
NFL Draft: 2011 / Round: 3 / Pick: 96
Debuted in 2011 for the Green Bay Packers
Career history
Roster status: Inactive
Career highlights and awards
  • None
Career NFL statistics as of Week 13, 2011
Rushing yards 11
Yards per carry 3.7
Touchdowns 0
Stats at NFL.com

Alexander Denell Green (born June 23, 1988) is an American football running back for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. He played college football at The University of Hawaii. He was considered one of the better running back prospects for the 2011 NFL Draft.[1] He ended up being selected in the third round, 96th overall, by the Packers in the 2011 NFL Draft.[2]

Contents

High school[link]

Green graduated from Benson Polytechnic High School in 2006. During his senior season at Benson, he rushed for 1,134 yards and 14 touchdowns to earn first-team All-PIL honors.[3]

College[link]

Butte Community College[link]

Green originally went to Butte Community College in Oroville, California. This was the same college that future Packers teammate Aaron Rodgers played for.[4] In 2008, Green lead the team to a 12-0 record and the junior college national championship.[5] During that time he had 1,037 yards and 14 touchdowns rushing, he also scored two receiving touchdowns.[6]

University of Hawaii[link]

After two years, Green transferred to the The University of Hawaii as an oncoming junior where he became an integral part of their spread offense.

2009[link]

In his first year at Hawaii, Green played in all thirteen games as a running back. He had 453 yards and two touchdowns rushing, as well as 11 receptions for 98 yards and another touchdown. His best game at the season came against Utah State University, where he rushed for 110 yards on 10 carries (11 yards per carry).[6] The Warriors finished the season 6-7.

2010[link]

During his senior year, Green was featured much more in the Warrior offense. So much so that Green rushed for 1,199 yards and 18 touchdowns.[6] He was the first running back since 1992 to exceed 1000 yards rushing, and his performance was the second highest for a season in school history.[6] During the game against New Mexico State University, Green broke the school record for rushing in a game with 327 yards on 19 carries (an average of 17 yards per carry).[7] He was named the WAC player of the week and Capital One Impact Performer of the week.

NFL[link]

Predraft[link]

Green was considered one of the better running back prospects coming into the 2011 NFL Draft.[1] Scouts stated that Green was "thickly built and well-proportioned", with "competitive speed".[8] However, he was also criticized for his ball-control, lack of power, and the fact that he played in "a pass-happy 'pistol' offense featuring wide splits against porous WAC defenses" and that he was "was never asked to handle a heavy workload." [8] He was projected to go as early as the third round.

Pre-draft measureables[link]

Pre-draft measureables
Ht Wt 40-yd dash 10-yd split 20-yd split 20-ss 3-cone Vert Broad BP Wonderlic
6 ft 0 in 225 lb 4.45 s 1.56 s 2.60 s 4.15 s 6.91 s 34 in 9 ft 6 in 20 reps 13 [9]
All values from NFL Combine.

Green Bay Packers[link]

Green was selected in the third round with 96th overall pick by the Packers.[10] He made his regular season debut against the New Orleans Saints. He received his first carries at running back during garbage time in week 4 against the Denver Broncos. He had three carries for 11 yards and a touchdown vs the Arizona Cardinals. After Week 7, Green injured his knee and missed the rest of the season, an injury that head coach Mike McCarthy called "very unfortunate".[11]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b NFL Draft Scout
  2. ^ "Packers Select Alex Green, RB - Hawaii, as The 96th Overall Pick". Green Bay Packers. April 29, 2011. http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-1/Packers-select-Alex-Green-RB---Hawaii-as-the-96th-overall-pick/f25f488a-73cd-4386-badc-38a46405a8cc. Retrieved April 30, 2011. 
  3. ^ "NFL Draft: Green Bay's Round 3-pick, running back Alex Green, out of Benson High School". OregonLive. April 30, 2011. http://www.oregonlive.com/nfl/index.ssf/2011/04/nfl_draft_green_bays_round_3-p.html. Retrieved October 17, 2011. 
  4. ^ "Alex Green". http://www.packers.com/team/roster/Alex-Green/8360c412-a555-4e26-bedc-775f33a20276. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  5. ^ "Packers familiar with Alex Green's Former stomping grounds". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/121012114.html. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  6. ^ a b c d "University of Hawai'i at Manoa Athletics Department- 2010 football roster". http://hawaiiathletics.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=7532. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  7. ^ Guzman, Fred. "Green's 327-yard outburst lifts Hawaii to No. 25". mauinow.com. November 29, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Green Bay Packers draft profile: Hawaii RB Alex Green". Green Bay Press Gazette. http://packersnews.greenbaypressgazette.com/article/20110429/PKR01/110429171/Green-Bay-Packers-draft-profile-Hawaii-RB-Alex-Green. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  9. ^ "Draft Prospect- Alex Green". http://www.profootballweekly.com/prospects/player/alex-green-25/. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  10. ^ "Green Bay Packers: Alex Green". http://www.packers.com/team/roster/Alex-Green/8360c412-a555-4e26-bedc-775f33a20276. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 
  11. ^ "NFL local ties, Week 7: Injuries end season for Alex Green, Walter Thurmond; A.J. Feeley gets a start". http://www.oregonlive.com/nfl/index.ssf/2011/10/nfl_local_ties_week_7.html. Retrieved October 27, 2011. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Alex_Green



Adrian Peterson

Peterson playing for the Minnesota Vikings
No. 28     Minnesota Vikings
Running back
Personal information
Date of birth: (1985-03-21) March 21, 1985 (age 27)
Place of birth: Palestine, Texas[1][2][3]
Height: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Weight: 217 lb (98 kg)
Career information
High school: Palestine (TX)
College: Oklahoma
NFL Draft: 2007 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7
Debuted in 2007 for the Minnesota Vikings
Career history
Roster status: Injured reserve
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics as of Week 17, 2011
Rushing yards 6,752
Average rushing yards 4.8
Rushing TDs 64
Receptions 137
Receiving yards 1,309
Receiving TDs 3
Stats at NFL.com

Adrian Lewis Peterson[1] (born March 21, 1985), nicknamed "A. D." (for "All Day"), "A. P." and "Purple Jesus",[5] is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL).[6] Peterson was selected by the Vikings with the seventh overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.

While at Oklahoma, Peterson set the NCAA freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards as a true freshman during the 2004 season. As a First-team All-American, he became the first freshman to finish as the runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting behind USC quarterback Matt Leinart. Peterson finished his college football career as the Sooners' third all-time leading rusher.[7]

Following his stellar first pro season in which he set an NFL record for most rushing yards in a single game (296), Peterson was named the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year.[8] He was then awarded the MVP award for his performance in the Pro Bowl and became only the fifth player in NFL history to have more than 3,000 yards through his first two seasons. In 2010, he became the fifth fastest player to run for 5,000 yards, doing so in his 51st game. Currently, Peterson has the fourth highest average rushing yards per game total in NFL history (min. 50 games) with an average of 92.5, trailing Jim Brown (104.3), Barry Sanders (99.8) and Terrell Davis (97.5).

Contents

Early years[link]

Born in Palestine, Texas, to Bonita Brown and Nelson Peterson, who were also star athletes in college.[9] His father was a shooting guard for Idaho State, however, his dream of an NBA career was derailed when a gun that his brother was cleaning discharged into his leg.[9][10] His mother, a three time Texas state champion at Westwood High School, attended the University of Houston on an athletic scholarship and was a sprinter and long jumper.[9] Peterson's best friend was his older brother, Brian. Adrian was nicknamed "All Day," which was later shortened to A.D., by his father because he was a hyperactive kid.[11]

When he was seven, he saw his older brother, Brian, 9, killed by a drunken driver, as he rode his bicycle.[11] It was around that time that Peterson began to deal with his pain through sports and became interested in football; he began playing at the age of 7.[12] He was the star of the Pee Wee football team coached by his father and played in the popular Pop Warner Football program when he was twelve.[1] When Peterson was thirteen, his father was arrested for laundering money for a crack cocaine ring.[11]

Peterson continued his interest in athletics into high school, where he competed in track and field, posting a wind-assisted time of 10.33 seconds[13] in the 100 meters, basketball, and football at Palestine High School.[2] Peterson was most notable in football, which he played during his junior and senior years.[14] During his sophomore year, he was not eligible to play for the Palestine High varsity football team.[9] Peterson's 2002–2003 campaign as a junior ended with 2,051 yards on 246 carries, an average of 8.3 yards per carry, and 22 touchdowns.[2] It was during his junior year that he began to attract the attention of Division I recruiters and realized he would likely have his pick of colleges after his senior year.[9]

As a senior in 2003–2004, he rushed for 2,960 yards on 252 attempts, an average of 11.7 yards per carry, and 32 touchdowns.[2] After a game, players from the other team asked for his autograph.[9] Following Maurice Clarett's unsuccessful attempt to sue the NFL over its age limit in 2004, there was considerable debate over whether any high school football player might be able to make the leap from the preps to the pro game. The player most frequently mentioned was Peterson.[15]

After considering schools such as Texas, Texas A&M, UCLA, Arkansas, and Miami,[16] he decided that he wanted to go to a school where he could be a difference-maker in a national championship run and narrowed his choices down to USC and Oklahoma.[9] Concluding his high school football career at the annual U.S. Army All-American Bowl, he led the West squad with 95 yards on 9 carries and scored 2 touchdowns, and announced at the game that he would attend college at Oklahoma.[17] Following the season, he was awarded the Hall Trophy as the U.S. Army National Player of the Year.[17] In addition, he was named the top high school player by College Football News and Rivals.com.[2]

College career[link]

Freshman season[link]

Peterson before a game against Washington Huskies.

During his freshman season at Oklahoma, Peterson broke many NCAA freshman rushing records, rushing for 1,925 yards and leading the nation in carries with 339.[6] In the first nine games of the season, he rushed for more than 100-yards, which is a freshman record.[18] He rushed for 100 yards in the season opener against Bowling Green,[19] 117 yards against Houston, 183 yards against Oregon, 146 yards against Texas Tech, 225 yards against Texas, 130 yards against Kansas State, and 122 yards against Kansas.[18][20]

Against Oklahoma State on October 30, 2004, Peterson had an 80-yard touchdown run and rushed for 161 yards in the third quarter, finishing with a career-high 249 yards.[21] Despite dislocating his left shoulder in the first half, he managed to run for 101 yards and a touchdown on 29 carries, his ninth straight 100-yard game, against Texas A&M.[22] In the next game, he saw little action because of his shoulder injury and finished with 58 yards, which ended his streak of consecutive games with at least 100 yards rushing at 9.[23] In a game versus Baylor, Peterson ran for 240 yards, including three second-half touchdowns,[24] and set the NCAA record for most 100-yard games by a freshman with 11 against Colorado.[25] Oklahoma, who were one of the poorest rushing teams the year before, became one of the nation’s best.

Despite his record-breaking season, he finished second to USC quarterback Matt Leinart in the Heisman Trophy voting, which was the highest finish ever for a freshman.[6] Among other honors, he was a finalist for the Doak Walker Award,[26] and the first Oklahoma freshman recognized as a First-Team Associated Press All-American.[6] Peterson contributed to a perfect regular season for the Oklahoma Sooners and participated in the 2005 BCS National Championship Game with a berth to the 2005 Orange Bowl against USC Trojans.[26] USC retooled their defense to stop Peterson and limited him to just 82 yards, as the Trojans defeated the Sooners, 55-19. USC later vacated the win due to NCAA infractions. After the season, he had surgery on his left shoulder to strengthen the muscles around the joint.[9]

2004 Heisman Trophy Finalist Voting
Finalist First place votes
(3 pts. each)
Second place votes
(2 pts. each)
Third place votes
(1 pt. each)
Total points
Matt Leinart 267 211 102 1325
Adrian Peterson 154 180 175 997
Jason White 171 149 146 957
Source:[27]

Sophomore season[link]

In 2005, Peterson's playing time was limited by a high ankle sprain.[2] He injured his ankle in the first Big 12 Conference game of the season against Kansas State University.[28] Despite missing time in four games, he rushed for 1,208 yards and 14 touchdowns on 220 carries, finishing second in Big 12 rushing yardage.[6] His 2005 season was also notable for a career-long 84-yard touchdown run against Oklahoma State University.[6] Oklahoma finished the season with an 8–4 record, the worst season since 1999. They finished third in the Big 12 behind the Texas Longhorns and the Texas Tech Red Raiders. The Sooners would represent the Big 12 in the Holiday Bowl where they defeated the sixth-ranked Oregon Ducks, 17–14.[29] On July 11, 2007 the NCAA announced the Sooners would have to vacate all victories from the 2005 season, including the bowl game, due to NCAA violations.[30] Upon the conclusion of the season, he was named a member of the All-Big 12 Conference team.[6]

Junior season[link]

Peterson runs against Boise State in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl.

Peterson's father, Nelson Peterson, was released from prison during the 2006 college football season and was able to watch his son as a spectator for the first time on October 14, 2006,[12] when Oklahoma played Iowa State University. Oklahoma defeated Iowa State in that game, however, on the final drive for the Sooners, Peterson broke his collar bone when he attempted to dive into the end zone on a 53-yard touchdown run.[31] During a press conference on October 18, Peterson said he was told by doctors to expect to be out for 4–6 weeks.[32] At the time of the injury, Peterson needed only to gain 150 yards to pass Billy Sims as the University of Oklahoma's all-time leading rusher.[33] He was unable to return for the rest of the Sooners' regular season and missed seven games. The Sooners would turn to Allen Patrick, a junior, and Chris Brown, a freshman to replace Peterson. The team went on a seven game winning streak including winning the Big 12 Championship game against the Nebraska Cornhuskers.[34] He returned for their last game against Boise State in the 2007 Fiesta Bowl, where he rushed for 77 yards and a touchdown.[31] He refused to discuss his plans beyond the end of this season with the press.[32] He concluded his college football career with 1,112 rushing yards his final season, even after missing multiple games due to injury [35] for a total of 4,045 rushing yards (only 3 seasons).[36] He was 73 yards short of passing Billy Sims as Oklahoma's all-time leading rusher.[36]

Awards and honors[link]

  • Hall Trophy (2004)
  • First-team AP All-Freshman (2004)
  • First-team consensus All-American (2004)
  • Doak Walker Award finalist (2004)
  • Heisman Trophy finalist (2004)
  • Jim Brown Trophy winner (2004)
  • Sports Illustrated All-Decade Team (2009).

Professional career[link]

Pre-draft[link]

On January 15, 2007, Peterson declared that he would forego his senior year of college and enter the 2007 NFL Draft.[37] Coming into the league, he was known as a tall, upright runner possessing a rare combination of speed, strength, agility, size, and vision, along with a highly aggressive running style.[2] His rare talent as both a great breakaway and power runner has often raised comparisons to past legends, including Eric Dickerson, Walter Payton, Gale Sayers, O. J. Simpson, Franco Harris and Jim Brown.[38] Concerns about his injuries suffered during college were noted by the media and potential NFL teams.[7][12][39][40] He started 22 out of 31 games in his college career and had a dislocated shoulder his first year (although he did not miss any games), a high ankle sprain his sophomore year, and a broken collarbone his final year at Oklahoma.[7] His durability was a consideration for at least two teams in their draft analysis,[40] which impacted selection position. Prior to the 2007 NFL Draft, Peterson was compared by professional football scouts to Eric Dickerson.[41] ESPN NFL Draft analyst Mel Kiper, Jr. said of Peterson, "You can make the argument, [Peterson] is the best player in this draft, if not, certainly one of the top three."[42]

Pre-draft measureables
Ht Wt 40-yd dash 10-yd split 20-yd split 20-ss 3-cone Vert Broad BP
6 ft 1⅜ in 217 lb 4.38 s 1.53 s 2.58 s 4.40 s 7.09 s 38 in 10 ft 7 in 20 reps
All values from NFL Combine.[43]

Minnesota Vikings[link]

On April 28, 2007, Peterson was selected by the Minnesota Vikings with the seventh overall pick in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. Peterson was the first running back selected in that year's draft. At a press conference during the draft, Peterson announced, "My collarbone, I would say it's 90% healed. A lot of teams know that, and I don't see it stopping me from being prepared for the season."[44]

Peterson believed he was a player that a franchise could build around. In an interview with IGN following the NFL Draft, he said, "I'm a player who is coming in with the determination to turn a team around. I want to help my team get to the playoffs, win…and run wild. I want to bring people to the stands. I want people to come to the game to see what I can do next. Things like that can change the whole attitude of an organization. I want to win."[45] He later told the Star Tribune in an interview, "I want to be the best player to ever play this game."[46] Nearly three months after being drafted, he was signed by the Vikings on July 29, 2007. His contract was worth US$40.5 million over six years, with $17 million guaranteed.[47]

2007 season[link]

Peterson began his outstanding rookie season with high expectations for himself; he announced ambitious goals including being named Offensive Rookie of the Year and rushing for over 1,300 yards during the course of the year. The NFL's rushing record for a rookie was formerly held by Eric Dickerson at 1,808 yards.[48] Just 11 weeks into his rookie season with the Vikings, Peterson was well on his way to Dickerson's record and considered one of the elite running backs in the NFL.[49]

On August 10, Peterson made his Minnesota Vikings debut in a preseason game against the St. Louis Rams.[50] Peterson ran for 33 yards on 11 carries with 1 catch for 2 yards.[51] On September 9, 2007, Peterson ran for 103 yards on 19 carries in his first NFL regular season game against the Atlanta Falcons.[52] In addition to his rushing yardage, he scored his first professional football touchdown on a 60-yard pass reception.[52] Over his first three regular season games, his 431 yards (271 rushing & 160 receiving) from scrimmage are a team record.[53] For his performance during the three games, Peterson received the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Month award for both September and October 2007.[54][55]

His breakout game as a professional came on October 14, 2007 against the Chicago Bears, highlighted by a three-touchdown performance and a then-franchise record of 224 yards rushing on 20 carries.[56] Peterson established additional team records for a rookie during this game, which included the most 100-yard games rushing and the longest touchdown run from scrimmage.[57] He also set an NFL rookie record with 361 all-purpose yards in a single game. His 607 rushing yards through the first five games of the season is second in NFL history to Eric Dickerson.[58] Following Peterson's record performance, Deion Sanders, now an NFL Network analyst, said about him: "He has the vision of a Marshall Faulk, the power of an Earl Campbell, and the speed of an Eric Dickerson. Let's pray he has the endurance of an Emmitt Smith."[59] He has also been compared to Walter Payton and Tony Dorsett by Star Tribune sports journalist Jim Souhan.[60]

Three weeks later, on November 4, 2007, Peterson broke his own franchise record as well as the NFL single game rushing yard record (previously held by Jamal Lewis since 2003) when he rushed for 296 yards on 30 carries and 3 touchdowns against the San Diego Chargers in a home game in Minneapolis.[61][62] That game was his second game of over 200 yards rushing, a feat no other rookie has ever accomplished in a season.[63] In addition to the NFL rushing record in a single game, it took him past 1,000 yards rushing for the year after just eight games.[63] His 1,036 rushing yards represents the best eight-game performance by a rookie in NFL history.[64]

Peterson splitting defenders in the 2008 Pro Bowl.

In honor of Peterson's record-breaking performance against the San Diego Chargers, the jersey he wore that night was sent to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. On November 11, 2007, just a week later, Peterson injured the lateral collateral ligament in his right knee in a game against the Green Bay Packers.[65] The injury occurred in the third quarter of a 34–0 defeat at Lambeau Field on a low tackle by Packers cornerback Al Harris.[65] Almost a month after the injury, Peterson returned to action on December 2, 2007 against the Detroit Lions scoring 2 touchdowns and rushing for 116 yards.[66]

On December 17, Peterson played in his first Monday Night Football game, where he had 78 yards rushing, 17 yards receiving and 2 TDs. The next day he was named as the starting running back for the 2008 NFC Pro Bowl team. On January 2, he was named The Associated Press NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year.[8]

On February 10, 2008, Peterson won the 2008 NFL Pro Bowl MVP award with 16 carries for 129 yards rushing along with 2 touchdowns. The 129 yards rushing was the 2nd most in Pro Bowl history. He was the first rookie since Marshall Faulk in 1994 to win the Pro Bowl MVP award.[67] Peterson and Faulk are currently the only NFL players to win both the NFL Pro Bowl MVP and Rookie of the Year awards in the same year. Peterson finished in second place in rushing yards (1341) in the 2007 season behind LaDainian Tomlinson, who finished with 1474 rushing yards.[68]

2008 season[link]

Peterson in a 2008 NFC Wild Card game against the Eagles

Peterson and the Vikings entered the 2008 season with high expectations and as he did during his rookie season, Peterson set high goals for himself including a 2,000-yard campaign and the NFL MVP award.[69] Questions remained as to Peterson's durability and the ability of the Vikings offense to take the focus of opposing defenses off Peterson.

Peterson and the Vikings began the season with a 24–19 loss to the Green Bay Packers. He finished with 103 yards on 19 carries along with a touchdown. In the following loss to the Indianapolis Colts, Peterson rushed for a then season-high 160 yards on 29 carries, and also recorded 4 receptions for 20 yards. However, Peterson was held to 77 yards on 17 carries and no score in their 20–10 win against the Carolina Panthers, partly because of a hamstring injury suffered the previous week. In the next game, a loss to Tennessee, Peterson rushed 18 times for 80 yards and scored 2 touchdowns along with 4 receptions for 21 yards. In the 30–27 win over the New Orleans Saints, Peterson was held to 32 yards on 21 carries, a 1.5 average. Against the Detroit Lions in the following week, Peterson rushed 25 times for 111 yards, but lost 2 fumbles. However, Peterson bounced back from the fumbles the following week against the Bears, totaling 22 carries for 121 yards and 2 touchdowns.

Following a bye week, Peterson rushed 25 times for 139 yards and a touchdown in a victory over Houston. The contest marked the third straight 100-yard rushing game for Peterson and the Vikings. As of week 8, Peterson was second in the NFL in rushing yards with 823 yards, 172 yards behind Clinton Portis. In week 10, on Sunday, November 9, Peterson played in a victory against the Green Bay Packers 28–27. He had 30 carries for 192 yards. His longest run was 29 yards; the run was the game-winning touchdown. He averaged 6.4 yards per carry and also had 3 receptions. Peterson's stellar performance put him in the top spot for rushing yards this season, with 1015 yards.

Week 11 saw the Minnesota Vikings (5–4) at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (6–3). Tampa Bay was coming off a bye week and was a notoriously difficult team to run against. Peterson was limited to 85 yards on just 19 carries, as the Vikings struggled to produce offense. In Week 12 Peterson was benched the first two offensive series vs. the Jaguars for being late to a team meeting, although he did amass 80 rushing yards and a TD. At the end of Week 12, Peterson became the NFL league leader for rushing yards again with 1,311 yards. Following Week 16, Peterson had 1,657 yards which led the league, and it was announced on December 18, Peterson would be the starting running back for the NFC Pro Bowl team. In his final regular season game in 2008, Peterson ran for 103 yards 21 carries, including a 67 yard touchdown run.

Peterson finished the season leading the league in rushing with 1,760 yards, which marks the third-most yards in a sophomore season behind Eric Dickerson's 2,105 yard season, and Chris Johnson's 2,006-yard season one year later. In Peterson's first 30 games he had 3,101 yards, which marks the 3rd best start to a career for running backs behind Eric Dickerson with 3,600 yards and Jim Brown with 3,144 yards. He became the fourth running back to lead the league in yards per game in his first two seasons along with Jim Brown, Earl Campbell, and Eric Dickerson. On January 14, 2009, Peterson was named to his second AP All-Pro team in two years.

2009 season[link]

Prior to the start of the 2009 season, analysts of both the NFL Network and ESPN unanimously named Peterson the best running back in the NFL today. However, the arrival of Brett Favre, one of the greatest quarterbacks in NFL history, coming out of retirement brought both expectation and speculation about Peterson's new role in the offense. Head Coach Brad Childress, however, stated that he wanted to continue leaning on Peterson, giving him a large number of carries. Favre worked well into the offense through the first half of the season, re-establishing Peterson's ability with a passing attack. Peterson had 917 rushing yards through week 10, while the Vikings had a record of 8–1.

Peterson opened the season by rushing for 180 yards on 25 carries and 3 touchdowns against the Cleveland Browns, setting a new Vikings franchise record for opening day rushing. He again broke the hundred-yard barrier in week 6 against the Baltimore Ravens, with 143 yards and 22 carries. His next 100-yard effort came against the Lions, with 133 yards on 18 carries, and he was named the FedEx Ground Player of the Week.

In the playoffs, Minnesota won against the Dallas Cowboys 34–3 but then lost to the Saints in an overtime thriller 31–28. Peterson rushed for 122 yards and 3 touchdowns. Peterson finished the year fifth in rushing and lost Fed-Ex Ground player of the year to Chris Johnson who had over 2,000 yards rushing on the 2009 season. Peterson was voted to the Pro Bowl December 29 as the starting RB for the NFC team.

2010 season[link]

Peterson opened strongly in 2010, with 392 yards and 3 touchdowns through the first 3 weeks. In week 6, he went over the 5,000 yard career rushing mark against the Dallas Cowboys. At week 7, Peterson was second in the league with 684 yards, averaging 114 yards per game, but the Vikings had dropped to a disappointing mark of 2–4. By Week 16, Peterson had rushed for 1,267 yards with 12 touchdowns, as the Vikings improved to a 6–9 record. Peterson, who was infamous for fumbling the ball in previous seasons, had a dramatic change in the 2010 season with only one fumble during the regular season, a remarkable turnaround from his previous performances. While the Vikings missed the playoffs, Peterson represented his team in the Pro Bowl. Peterson thus far has been selected to the Pro Bowl every year he has played in the NFL. During the game, Peterson contributed 80 rushing yards and a touchdown in a 55-41 NFC win. After the season, Adrian Peterson was voted the # 1 running back and # 3 player overall on NFL Network's list of the Top 100 Players of 2011 as selected exclusively by NFL players. Peterson forced 53 missed tackles and 877 yards after contact only carrying the football 283 times, proving why he is the best back in the league today.

2011 season[link]

According to NFL.com, Peterson is ranked as the third best player in the NFL for the 2011 season, behind Tom Brady and Peyton Manning. On September 10, 2011 the Vikings signed Peterson for $96 million dollars over the course of seven seasons, making him the highest paid running back in NFL history.[70] Peterson reached the 6,000 yard milestone on September 18, 2011 in a loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On October 9, Peterson scored three touchdowns in the first quarter against the Arizona Cardinals, setting a new franchise record. He would later earn NFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for his performance during the game.[71] In a week 10 contest against the Oakland Raiders, Adrian suffered a high ankle sprain late in the first quarter, he was then later ruled out for their week 11 matchup against the Atlanta Falcons.

On December 24, 2011, Peterson was injured and helped off the field in a 33-26 victory over the Washington Redskins. He was placed onto injured reserve due to a torn ACL and MCL on December 26, 2011.

For the first time in his career, Peterson failed to record a 1,000-yard season after playing only 12 games during the year.

NFL awards[link]

NFL records[link]

  • Most 200-yard rushing games for a rookie (2)
  • Most yards rushing in the first eight games (1,036)
  • Most yards rushing in a single game (296)
  • Second rookie ever to win Pro Bowl MVP (Marshall Faulk in 1994)
  • Pro Bowl record in career rushing touchdowns (4)

Career statistics[link]

Source: NFL.com

  Rushing Receiving Fumbles
Season Team GP Att Yds Avg Yds/G Long TD Rec Yds Long TD Fum Lost
2007 Min 14 238 1,341 5.6 95.8 73T 12 19 268 60T 1 4 3
2008 Min 16 363 1,760 4.8 110.0 67T 10 21 125 16T 0 9 4
2009 Min 16 314 1,383 4.4 86.4 64T 18 43 436 63T 0 7 6
2010 Min 15 283 1,298 4.6 86.5 80T 16 36 341 34T 1 1 1
2011 Min 12 208 970 4.7 80.8 54T 12 18 139 22 1 1 0
Career total 73 1,406 6,752 4.8 92.5 80T 64 137 1,309 63T 3 22 14

Personal[link]

Peterson has a half-brother named Jaylen Brown who currently plays football at Klein Oak High School in Texas as its running back. His dad nicknamed him "All Day", which was later shortened to A.D.—his nickname today. Peterson's brother Brian, older by one year, was killed by a drunk driver when Peterson was seven; another half-brother was murdered the night before Peterson participated in the NFL Combine.[72]

In an episode of E:60, ESPN reporter Rachel Nichols states that Peterson has two children,[73] including a daughter named Adeja.[74] He currently resides in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota, with his brothers Derrick and Eldon Peterson.[75]

Recently, as the NFL network series Top 100 - NFL players of 2011 concluded, Peterson was voted as the number 3 player in the league, behind only quarterbacks Tom Brady and Peyton Manning.[76]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b c Wojciechowski, Gene (December 7, 2006). "NEXT 2005 Adrian Peterson". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs05/sbnext/news/story?page=sbnext/2005. Retrieved November 28, 2008. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Adrian Peterson NFL Bio". Viking Update. April 28, 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. http://vikings.scout.com/2/639595.html. Retrieved September 2, 2007. 
  3. ^ "Adrian Peterson". Yahoo!. http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/players/8261;_ylt=Av36OT1yFFsfp.un7qPT4YH.uLYF. Retrieved August 24, 2007. 
  4. ^ Huff, Doug & Tennis, Mark (December 28, 2009), "Peterson carries day on All-Decade team", ESPN RISE, http://sports.espn.go.com/highschool/rise/football/news/story?id=4767488 
  5. ^ Rovell, Darren (November 7, 2007). "Adrian Peterson: Big Business As "Purple Jesus".". CNBC.com. http://www.cnbc.com/id/21672828. Retrieved November 28, 2008. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Adrian Peterson". Minnesota Vikings. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927020357/http://www.vikings.com/TeamPlayerProfile_adrian_peterson.aspx. Retrieved August 15, 2007. 
  7. ^ a b c Weisman, Larry (August 7, 2007). "Is Peterson a home run hitter for Vikings?". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/vikings/2007-08-07-adrian-peterson_N.htm. Retrieved August 24, 2007. 
  8. ^ a b "Vikings' Peterson with runaway performance on field, and in voting". Associated Press. January 2, 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3177185. Retrieved January 2, 2008. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "JockBio: Adrian Peterson Biography". http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Peterson/Peterson_bio.html. Retrieved September 4, 2011. 
  10. ^ Dodd, Dennis (October 12, 2006). "Peterson family story to add emotional chapter Saturday". CBS Sports. http://www.cbssports.com/print/collegefootball/story/9723198. Retrieved September 5, 2011. 
  11. ^ a b c Corbett, Jim (April 20, 2007). "Adrian Peterson runs through anger to the NFL". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/draft/2007-04-18-sw-adrian-peterson_N.htm. Retrieved September 5, 2011. 
  12. ^ a b c Bensinger, Graham. "Peterson overcomes adversity, injuries to be top RB". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2818755. 
  13. ^ http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/lists/2003/prep_out_m.html
  14. ^ Tyler, Scott (June 24, 2007). "A Hero's Welcome Home". Palestine Herald-Press. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://www.palestineherald.com/localsports/local_story_175013230.html. Retrieved August 30, 2007. 
  15. ^ Pasquarelli, Len (April 17, 2007). "Peterson's been ready for the NFL for years". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/draft07/columns/story?columnist=pasquarelli_len&id=2839618. Retrieved September 17, 2007. 
  16. ^ "Adrian Peterson - Football Recruiting". Rivals.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2007. http://rivals100.rivals.com/viewprospect.asp?pr_key=14848. Retrieved September 5, 2007. 
  17. ^ a b "Ball Park National H.S. Player of the Year". Scout.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2007. http://usarmy.scout.com/3/BallparkPOY.html. Retrieved September 5, 2007. 
  18. ^ a b "Adrian Peterson - Oklahoma Sooners - College Football - Rivals.com". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/players/117290/gamelog. Retrieved September 3, 2011. 
  19. ^ Latzke, Jeff (September 4, 2004). "No. 2 Oklahoma 40, Bowling Green 24". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recap?gid=200409040024&prov=ap. Retrieved September 6, 2011. 
  20. ^ Bellamy, Clayton (October 23, 2004). "No. 2 Oklahoma 41, Kansas 10". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recap?gid=200410230024&prov=ap. Retrieved September 6, 2011. 
  21. ^ Bellamy, Clayton (October 30, 2004). "No. 2 Oklahoma 38, No. 20 Oklahoma State 35". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recap?gid=200410300025&prov=ap. Retrieved September 6, 2011. 
  22. ^ Russo, Ralph D (November 6, 2004). "No. 2 Oklahoma 42, No. 22 Texas A&M 35". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recap?gid=200411060084&prov=ap. Retrieved September 6, 2011. 
  23. ^ Latzke, Jeff (November 13, 2004). "No. 2 Oklahoma 30, Nebraska 3". Rivals.com. http://rivals.yahoo.com/ncaa/football/recap?gid=200411130024&prov=ap. Retrieved September 6, 2011. 
  24. ^ "Peterson runs for 240 yards, three TDs". ESPN. November 20, 2004. http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=243250239. Retrieved September 3, 2011. 
  25. ^ "White, Peterson power OU". ESPN. December 4, 2004. http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=243390038. Retrieved September 3, 2011. 
  26. ^ a b "All-American: ozzy". University of Oklahoma and CSTV. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/archive/aa-adrian-peterson-2004.html. Retrieved August 30, 2007. 
  27. ^ "Heisman Voting". The San Diego Union-Tribune. December 12, 2004. http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041212/news_1s12heisvote.html. Retrieved September 4, 2011. 
  28. ^ "Peterson injured in Oklahoma’s win". Associated Press. October 1, 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9558197/. Retrieved September 26, 2007. 
  29. ^ "Sooners pick off Leaf with 33 seconds left to secure win". ESPN. December 29, 2005. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=253630201. Retrieved September 4, 2011. 
  30. ^ "NCAA: Oklahoma must vacate eight victories in 2005". USA Today. July 12, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/football/big12/2007-07-11-ncaa-oklahoma_N.htm. Retrieved September 4, 2011. 
  31. ^ a b "Oklahoma's Peterson returns to practice". Associated Press. December 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2691671. Retrieved December 9, 2006. 
  32. ^ a b Wright, Scott (October 18, 2006). "Peterson discusses injury". The Oklahoman. Archived from the original on 29 October 2006. http://www.newsok.com/article/2957901. Retrieved October 19, 2006. 
  33. ^ "Stoops: Peterson Broke Collarbone". SoonerSports.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/101406aaa.html. Retrieved September 23, 2007. 
  34. ^ "Oklahoma BCS-bound after beating Huskers for Big 12 title". ESPN. December 2, 2006. http://scores.espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=263360201. Retrieved September 4, 2011. 
  35. ^ "Adrian Peterson - Oklahoma Sooners". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/player/profile?playerId=161717. Retrieved September 27, 2007. 
  36. ^ a b "Career Rushing Records". SoonerStats.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://soonerstats.com/football/recordbook/player/rush_career.cfm. Retrieved September 23, 2007. 
  37. ^ "Peterson to Enter 2007 NFL Draft". University of Oklahoma and CSTV. January 15, 2007. http://www.soonersports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/011507aaa.html. Retrieved August 21, 2007. 
  38. ^ Visser, Leslie (November 7, 2007). "Peterson rewriting the rookie record book 'All Day' long". CBS Sportsline.com. http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/story/10458554. 
  39. ^ Corbett, Jim (April 18, 2007). "Adrian Peterson runs through anger to the NFL". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/draft/2007-04-18-sw-adrian-peterson_N.htm. Retrieved August 24, 2007. 
  40. ^ a b Banks, Don (May 21, 2007). "Teams wary of Peterson's health". CNN Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/don_banks/04/25/peterson/index.html. Retrieved August 25, 2007. 
  41. ^ Max, Mike (May 21, 2007). "Adrian Peterson Credits Family For Success". WCCO-TV. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927004604/http://wcco.com/sports/local_story_141101828.html. Retrieved August 25, 2007. 
  42. ^ Walker, James (February 23, 2007). "Browns to learn today if they'll draft third or fourth". The Columbus Dispatch. http://www.columbusdispatch.com/live/contentbe/dispatch/2007/02/23/20070223-F4-02.html. Retrieved September 26, 2007. 
  43. ^ "Adrian Peterson-Oklahoma RB-2007 NFL Draft Scout Player Profile". Nfldraftscout.com. http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=58020&draftyear=2007&genpos=RB. Retrieved November 28, 2008. 
  44. ^ Pedulla, Tom (April 29, 2007). "Vikings' Peterson confident he can contribute". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/vikings/2007-04-29-adrian-peterson_N.htm. Retrieved August 25, 2007. 
  45. ^ Robinson, Jon (May 4, 2007). "Adrian Peterson Interview". IGN. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. http://sports.ign.com/articles/785/785800p1.html. Retrieved August 26, 2007. 
  46. ^ Seifert, Kevin (November 4, 2007). "At home, Vikings star can put his fire on ice". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. http://www.startribune.com/vikings/story/1526216.html. Retrieved November 4, 2007. 
  47. ^ Pasquarelli, Len (July 29, 2007). "Vikings agree to six-year deal with top pick Peterson". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2953541. Retrieved July 29, 2007. 
  48. ^ Campbell, Dave (October 20, 2007). "Rookie Adrian Peterson off to a sensational start for Vikings". Associated Press. http://news.yahoo.com/s/cpress/20071020/ca_pr_on_fo/nfl_vikings_peterson_1. Retrieved November 6, 2007. [dead link]
  49. ^ Salisbury, Sean (November 7, 2007). "Is Adrian Peterson the best back in football?". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3095687. Retrieved November 8, 2007. 
  50. ^ Souhan, Jim (August 11, 2007). "Only one game, but offense already has apparently hit the wall". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. http://www.startribune.com/150/story/1356841.html. Retrieved September 2, 2007. 
  51. ^ "National Football League Game Summary: St. Louis Rams At Minnesota Vikings" (PDF). National Football League. August 10, 2007. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29457/MIN_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved September 2, 2007. 
  52. ^ a b "National Football League Game Summary: Atlanta Falcons At Minnesota Vikings" (PDF). National Football League. September 9, 2007. http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29201/MIN_Gamebook.pdf. Retrieved September 23, 2007. 
  53. ^ Zulgad, Judd (September 25, 2007). "Teammates want to keep 'All Day' fresh for all season". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. http://www.startribune.com/vikings/story/1443725.html. Retrieved September 26, 2007. 
  54. ^ "Peterson named NFL Offensive Rookie of the Month for September". Associated Press. October 3, 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=nfl&id=3048261. Retrieved October 6, 2007. 
  55. ^ "Peterson named NFL Offensive Rookie of the Month for October". MSNBC.com. November 1, 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21588439/. Retrieved November 4, 2007. [dead link]
  56. ^ Seifert, Kevin (October 15, 2007). "Image of Vikings' bumbling offense fades on this day". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. http://www.startribune.com/vikings/story/1483851.html. Retrieved October 15, 2007. 
  57. ^ Zulgad, Judd (October 14, 2007). "Peterson show dazzles Bears ... and Vikings". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. http://www.startribune.com/vikings/story/1484412.html. Retrieved October 15, 2007. 
  58. ^ Chadiha, Jeffri (October 18, 2007). "Quick impression: Vikes' Peterson eyes record season". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=chadiha_jeffri&id=3068586. Retrieved October 21, 2007. 
  59. ^ Campbell, Dave (October 18, 2007). "PLAYER OF THE WEEK: Rookie Peterson off to a sensational start for Vikings". Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/2007-10-18-1869254474_x.htm. Retrieved October 21, 2007. 
  60. ^ Souhan, Jim (October 20, 2007). "Peterson is one of a kind". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. http://www.startribune.com/souhan/story/1496087.html. Retrieved October 25, 2007. 
  61. ^ Campbell, Dave (November 4, 2007). "Peterson breaks single-game rushing record". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 November 2007. http://www.startribune.com/1557/story/1527895.html. Retrieved November 4, 2007. 
  62. ^ "Top rushing performances in NFL history". Associated Press. November 4, 2007. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071106074538/http://www.startribune.com/510/story/1528040.html. Retrieved November 4, 2007. 
  63. ^ a b Campbell, Dave (November 4, 2007). "Peterson Leads Vikes Past Chargers 35-17". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071114164936/http://www.startribune.com/136/story/1528027.html. Retrieved November 4, 2007. 
  64. ^ Seifert, Kevin (November 4, 2007). "Vikings winning formula: Give the ball to Peterson". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 5 November 2007. http://www.startribune.com/1557/story/1527895.html. Retrieved November 5, 2007. 
  65. ^ a b Seifert, Kevin (November 12, 2007). "Vikings: Good news out of a bad collision". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. http://www.startribune.com/sports/vikings/11826756.html. Retrieved December 8, 2007. 
  66. ^ Krawczynski, Jon (December 2, 2007). "Adrian's back as Vikings surge to big victory". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 4 December 2007. http://www.startribune.com/vikings/story/1586645.html. Retrieved December 2, 2007. 
  67. ^ "Owens, Peterson Lead NFC Comeback". Associated Press. February 10, 2008. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iDqgIo3wpmfFDhOeR4yzD49Ia_gwD8UNPPG02. Retrieved February 11, 2008. 
  68. ^ "2007 NFL Leaders and Leaderboards". http://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2007/leaders.htm. Retrieved October 17, 2008. 
  69. ^ "2,000 yards? MVP award? Peterson sets sights on the highest levels". Star Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/sports/vikings/18994284.html?location_refer=Vikings. Retrieved September 1, 2008. 
  70. ^ Schefter: Peterson Contract Extension Worth $96 Million, $32 Million Guaranteed
  71. ^ Wiederer, Dan (October 11, 2011). "Adrian Peterson named NFC Offensive Player of the Week". Star Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/sports/vikings/blogs/131555078.html. 
  72. ^ "Peterson's Father Always Watching from Sidelines", Yahoo Sports, February 4, 2009, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090205/ap_on_sp_fo_ne/fbn_pro_bowl;_ylt=Aj6ZwAx2EWJOHnWNxprCERwLMxIF 
  73. ^ "E:60 All Day". ESPN. Oct. 19, 2009. http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=4577473&categoryid=3060647. Retrieved Feb. 28, 2010. 
  74. ^ { has a son Adrian Jr. born in 2011.Newman, Elizabeth (February 20, 2007), First Person: Adrian Peterson, Ex-Oklahoma Running Back, CNN Sports Illustrated, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/players/02/20/first.person0226/, retrieved August 24, 2007 
  75. ^ Evans, Thayer (September 23, 2007), "The Pride of Palestine: Texas Town Follows Its Star", New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/sports/football/23peterson.html, retrieved September 27, 2007 
  76. ^ http://www.nfl.com/videos/minnesota-vikings/09000d5d8209b7ee/Top-100-Adrian-Peterson

External links[link]

Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Carson Palmer
Pro Bowl MVP
2008
Succeeded by
Larry Fitzgerald
Records
Preceded by
Jamal Lewis
NFL single-game rushing record
November 4, 2007 – present
Succeeded by
Incumbent
Preceded by
Mike Anderson
NFL rookie single-game rushing record
November 4, 2007 – present
Succeeded by
Incumbent
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Chester Taylor
Minnesota Vikings Starting Running Back
2007–
Succeeded by
Incumbent

http://wn.com/Adrian_Peterson



Bryce Brown
No. 34     Philadelphia Eagles
Running back
Personal information
Date of birth: (1991-05-14) May 14, 1991 (age 21)
Place of birth: Wichita, Kansas
Height: 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Weight: 220 lb (100 kg)
Career information
High school: Wichita East (Wichita, KS)
College: Kansas State
NFL Draft: 2012 / Round: 7 / Pick: 229
No regular season or postseason appearances
Career history
Roster status: Active
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics as of 2012
Rushing Yards 0
Rushing Average 0.0
Rushing TDs 0
Stats at NFL.com

Bryce Lee Brown (born May 14, 1991) is an American football running back for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He attended the University of Tennessee his freshman year of college, but decided to leave the football program in March 2010.[1] However, Volunteers coach Derek Dooley decided not to release Brown from his scholarship, which meant Brown had to pay his own way at Kansas State University in 2010 as he sat out due to NCAA transfer rules.[2] Brown left the Kansas State football team early in the 2011 season to enter the 2012 NFL Draft.[3]

While playing at Wichita High School East, he won the 2008 Hall Trophy for the best high school player in the United States and was ranked atop of the Rivals.com ranking of his class, the first running back to do so since Adrian Peterson in 2004.[4] In 2008, he was also dubbed the best high school running back prospect of the last five years.[5] In 2008, Rivals.com′s Barry Every compared Brown to Miami Dolphins player Ronnie Brown.[4]

Contents

High school career[link]

Brown has been clocked in the 40-yard dash at 4.32 seconds.[6] A First Team All-Wichita selection as a freshman, he rushed for 1,472 yards and 12 TDs. He followed that up with an even more impressive sophomore campaign, rushing for 2,039 yards and 26 TDs. Brown was a consensus First Team All-State selection as well as EA Sports National Sophomore of the Year. He amassed more than 50 scholarship offers. He wore #24 in his Freshman and Sophomore seasons.

During his junior year, Brown rushed for 1,825 yards on 207 carries (8.8 avg) and 23 touchdowns, earning him All-City and All-State honors. He wore #5 in his Junior year. He was also recognized as a member of the Kansas “Fab 11” and was the lone junior that was named a USA Today Prep All-American.[7] For his senior season, he wore #11 in honor of his brother, Arthur Brown.[8] Tom Lemming of CSTV considered Brown to be better than all of the 2008 running back crop (which includes Darrell Scott and Jermie Calhoun).[9] Brown is believed to be the top running back prospect from Kansas since Barry Sanders.[10]

Arthur Brown committed to the University of Miami in December 2007, which led to rumors whether Bryce may complete his high school in Coral Gables, Florida, since their mother once told USA Today that Bryce “is wanting to go to high school wherever Arthur chooses to go to college.”[11] Bryce Brown, however, eventually decided to remain in Wichita for his senior season.[12]

In October 2008, Brown was selected to the 2009 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.[13] Brown finished the 2008 season with a Wichita City League regular-season record 1,873 yards rushing, giving him 7,209 rushing yards overall, also a City League record.[14] He was named to the USA Today All-USA First Team for the second successive time.[15]

Recruiting[link]

His workouts, recruiting and news media requests were handled by Brian Butler, who identifies himself as Brown's trainer and handler.[16][17] Butler sold updates of Brown's recruitment via website for $9.99 a month or $59 a year and sought contributions that he says were used to take players on a tour of colleges each summer.[16] At one point, Butler announced Brown was considering entering the Canadian Football League (CFL), but Brown backed down from that claim.[17] As a result of Butler's handling, the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s amateurism certification staff launched an investigation to determine whether anything has been done anything to jeopardize Brown's amateur status.[18] The NCAA's investigation eventually cleared Brown to play before the start of his freshman season.[19]

On February 22, 2008, Brown chose to follow his brother and orally committed to the University of Miami.[20] However, Brown did not sign a letter of intent on National Signing Day 2009, but instead planned to announce his decision on March 16, naming five other "finalists" despite his oral commitment to Miami: LSU, Tennessee, Oregon, USC, and Kansas State.[17] Said ESPN.com′s Tom Luginbill: “If I was Randy Shannon and the Miami staff, I would tell the kid and Brian Butler to go jump in a lake. I got to imagine that deep down, Miami's coaches have to be thinking, ‘This is getting ridiculous.’”[21] Prior to his announcement, Brown paid official visits to Oregon and Clemson,[22] and finally took an impromptu visit to Tennessee on March 13.[23]

Citing an anonymous source, the Associated Press reported the University of Miami would not reissue a national letter of intent to Brown to replace the one that expired Wednesday, February 18.[24] Brown's advisor Brian Butler told AP he was unaware scholarship offers have an expiration date, but reiterated that Brown would not sign until March 16.[25] According to Palm Beach Post′s Jorge Milian UM coach Shannon called Brown on Tuesday, February 17, and allegedly told him the University of Miami was no longer interested in his services.[26] However, Brown later told Wichita Eagle that Shannon still wanted him to be a Hurricane.[27] Due to NCAA rules, Shannon was not allowed to comment.

On March 16, 2009, Brown announced at a press conference at the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in Wichita, Kansas, that he would attend the University of Tennessee. "I feel that's the school that's gonna prepare me the best to go to the next level," Brown said at the press conference.[28]

College career[link]

Entering college with an enormous amount of hype, Brown was expected to see considerable playing time during his true freshman year and spent the 2009 season in the top two running back rotation.[29] His amateur status was under investigation by the NCAA prior to the season,[30] but Brown was cleared only a few days later.[31]

Brown spent the season as a backup to senior Montario Hardesty. Brown finished the season with 460 yards rushing, second on the team behind Hardesty. He also had three rushing touchdowns.

On the first day of Tennessee's 2010 spring practice, Brown announced his decision to leave the program. Volunteers' coach Derek Dooley said that Brown would remain enrolled at Tennessee for the rest of the spring semester but did not indicate if he would then transfer.[1] His brother Arthur transferred from the University of Miami to Kansas State University a couple of weeks earlier, and on August 15, 2010, Brown decided to join his brother at Kansas State.[32]

Brown, along with his brother Arthur, were named in a report from Yahoo! Sports alleging that student-athletes, coaches and administrators were aware and received impermissible benefits from an ex-booster Nevin Shapiro.[33] "Kansas State University has been in communication with the NCAA," the university said in a release. "Regarding Arthur Brown and Bryce Brown, the NCAA staff has informed the institution that it has no concerns about their eligibility to compete at K-State."[34]

On September 29, 2011 it was reported that Brown left the Kansas State Wildcats football team "at least temporarily."[35] He entered the 2012 NFL Draft as an early entry in January 2012.[3]

Professional career[link]

Pre-draft[link]

Brown was not invited to the 2012 NFL Combine. Dan Pompei of the Chicago Tribune ranked him as the No. 17 running back prospect of the 2012 NFL Draft.[36]

Pre-draft measureables
Ht Wt 40-yd dash 10-yd split 20-yd split 20-ss 3-cone Vert Broad BP
5 ft 11⅜ in 223 lb 4.48 s 1.56 s 2.58 s 4.20 s 7.04 s 34 in 9 ft 9 in 22 reps
All values from Kansas State Pro Day[37]

Philadelphia Eagles[link]

Brown was drafted in the seventh round (229th overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles.[38] He signed a four-year contract with the team on May 11, 2012.

Personal[link]

Bryce is the son of Arthur Sr. and Lelonnie Brown. His uncle Lawrence Pete is a former Detroit Lions player.[39]

His older brother Arthur is a former five-star linebacker recruit and currently attends Kansas State University. According to Jeremy Crabtree of Rivals.com, the Browns were the first brothers ever to be both ranked five-star recruits.[11]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b "RB Bryce Brown leaves Tennessee's football team". USA Today. March 18, 2010. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/football/sec/2010-03-18-brown-tennessee_N.htm. .
  2. ^ Ward, Austin (July 30, 2010). "Brown will not be released from scholarship". Knoxville News Sentinel. http://www.govolsxtra.com/news/2010/jul/30/brown-will-not-be-released-fron-scholarship/. 
  3. ^ a b K-State’s Bryce Brown to enter NFL draft
  4. ^ a b The Battle for No. 1: Why Bryce Brown?
  5. ^ Past vs. Present: Look back at the best
  6. ^ Buchanan, Olin (2008-12-29). "Brown is quick to slow down". Rivals.com. http://www.highschool.rivals.com/content.asp?SID=1185&CID=894359. 
  7. ^ USA Today All-USA team 2007
  8. ^ Long, Jonathan (2008-08-27). "Bryce Brown gets chance to lead East". The Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/266/story/507943.html. 
  9. ^ Chicago Sun-Times: Class of '08 in spotlight
  10. ^ Sports Illustrated, Issue from August 23, 2007.
  11. ^ a b Steve Wieberg (2007-09-06). "Wichita gems hail from same team ... and family". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/preps/football/2007-09-06-Browns_N.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-10. 
  12. ^ Yahoo! - Rivals.com: No place like home for Brown?
  13. ^ East High’s Brown Selected to National All-Star Game
  14. ^ Lutz, Bob (2008-12-07). "Sometimes being great isn't enough, as East's Brown has learned". Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/sports/lutz/story/623060.html. 
  15. ^ USA Today 2008 All-USA team
  16. ^ a b Evans, Thayer; Thamel, Pete (2009-02-03). "In Kansas, a Players’ Agent Lines Up the College Recruits". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/04/sports/ncaafootball/04recruit.html. 
  17. ^ a b c Steward Mandel, From Brown to Kiffin, here are 10 offseason storylines to watch, SI.com, February 13, 2009, Accessed February 14, 2009.
  18. ^ Evans, Thayer; Thamel, Pete (2009-02-26). "N.C.A.A. Investigates Role of a Recruit’s Adviser". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/27/sports/ncaafootball/27recruit.html. 
  19. ^ "Tennessee's Bryce Brown cleared after NCAA investigation". The Associated Press. 2009-08-27. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/football/sec/2009-08-27-tennessee-brown_N.htm. 
  20. ^ Wolters, Levi (2008-02-22). "Bryce Brown selects Miami". Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/sports/story/318859.html. Retrieved 2008-02-24. [dead link]
  21. ^ Milian, Jorge (2009-02-11). "Top recruit's path anything but ordinary". Palm Beach Post. http://www.palmbeachpost.com/sports/content/sports/epaper/2009/02/11/0211um_football.html. 
  22. ^ "Bryce Brown Profile". Scout.com. http://recruiting.scout.com/a.z?s=73&p=8&c=1&nid=2937110. Retrieved February 11, 2009. 
  23. ^ Hooker, Dave (March 13, 2009). "Nation's top recruit, Bryce Brown, visits UT". Knoxville News-Sentinel. http://www.tennessean.com/article/20090313/SPORTS0601/90313087/1002/SPORTS. 
  24. ^ Navarro, Manny (2009-02-17). "Miami Hurricanes might rescind offer to prized recruit Bryce Brown". Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/story/908737.html. 
  25. ^ "AP: Bryce Brown won't sign with Miami by deadline". USA Today. 2009-02-17. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/recruiting/football/2009-02-17-brown-miami-deadline_N.htm. 
  26. ^ On Tuesday, UM told Bryce Brown: "No thanks."
  27. ^ Brown says Miami still interested
  28. ^ "Bryce Brown signs with Tennessee". VolunteerTV.com. 16 March 2009. http://www.volunteertv.com/home/headlines/41322807.html. 
  29. ^ Staples, Andy (August 7, 2009). "Freshmen most likely to make an immediate impact in 2009". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/andy_staples/08/06/impact-freshmen/1.html. 
  30. ^ "Tennessee Volunteers coach Lane Kiffin says NCAA investigating Bryce Brown's eligibility". ESPN. August 19, 2009. http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=4408191. 
  31. ^ "Tennessee's Bryce Brown cleared after NCAA investigation". USA Today. August 27, 2009. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/football/sec/2009-08-27-tennessee-brown_N.htm. 
  32. ^ Former Tennessee running back and top national recruit Bryce Brown to enroll at Kansas State
  33. ^ Robinson, Charles (August 16, 2011). "Renegade Miami football booster spells out illicit benefits to players". Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/investigations/news;_ylt=At7d5FJPpQojnULx7yaxb7Q5nYcB?slug=cr-renegade_miami_booster_details_illicit_benefits_081611. 
  34. ^ K-State: NCAA 'has no concerns' about Browns' eligibility
  35. ^ http://www.kake.com/sports/headlines/Report_Bryce_Brown_Leaves_KSU_Football_Team_130804658.html?ref=658
  36. ^ http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/ct-spt-0413-web-nfl-draft-running-backs--20120413,0,2222427.story
  37. ^ http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=89434&draftyear=2012&genpos=RB
  38. ^ Robinett, Kellis (April 28, 2012). "Eagles pick K-State's Bryce Brown in seventh round". The Kansas City Star. http://www.kansascity.com/2012/04/28/3582357/brown-gets-opportunity.html. Retrieved 2012-04-30. 
  39. ^ Thayer Evans (2007-06-04). "A Linebacker’s Legend Is Growing in Kansas". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/04/sports/football/04brown.html. Retrieved 2007-09-10. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Bryce_Brown



16:16
*** HOT *** Adri­an Pe­ter­son Vikings RB In­ter­view - Digg Di­alogg
re­vi­sion3
3:41
High­lights of RB Bryce Brown, #15 on Takkle/SI's Top 200
takk­lesquad
1:11
Nick Ash­ford Dead at 70; RB Singer Teamed With Va­lerie Simp­son To Write Nu­mer­ous Mo­town Hits
slat­ester
6:18
Ohio State RB Chris "Beanie" Wells For Heis­man 2008
lex­co44
4:06
MINE'S R34 Sky­line GT-R - RB Japanese Mus­cle - Hot Ver­sion In­ter­na­tion­al
GTchan­nel
2:19
RB (Re­flec Beat) - FLOW­ER game play by [SV-CORE]
feel­some
show more
add to playlist
clear







The World News (WN) Network, has created this privacy statement in order to demonstrate our firm commitment to user privacy. The following discloses our information gathering and dissemination practices for wn.com, as well as e-mail newsletters.

1. Personal Information Collection and Use

We do not collect personally identifiable information about you, except when you provide it to us. For example, if you submit an inquiry to us or sign up for our newsletter, you may be asked to provide certain information such as your contact details (name, e-mail address, mailing address, etc.).

When you submit your personally identifiable information through wn.com, you are giving your consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information as set forth in this Privacy Policy. If you would prefer that we not collect any personally identifiable information from you, please do not provide us with any such information. We will not sell or rent your personally identifiable information to third parties without your consent, except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy.

Except as otherwise disclosed in this Privacy Policy, we will use the information you provide us only for the purpose of responding to your inquiry or in connection with the service for which you provided such information. We may forward your contact information and inquiry to our affiliates and other divisions of our company that we feel can best address your inquiry or provide you with the requested service. We may also use the information you provide in aggregate form for internal business purposes, such as generating statistics and developing marketing plans. We may share or transfer such non-personally identifiable information with or to our affiliates, licensees, agents and partners.

We may retain other companies and individuals to perform functions on our behalf. Such third parties may be provided with access to personally identifiable information needed to perform their functions, but may not use such information for any other purpose.

In addition, we may disclose any information, including personally identifiable information, we deem necessary, in our sole discretion, to comply with any applicable law, regulation, legal proceeding or governmental request.

2. E-mail addresses

We do not want you to receive unwanted e-mail from us. We try to make it easy to opt-out of any service you have asked to receive. If you sign-up to our e-mail newsletters we do not sell, exchange or give your e-mail address to a third party.

E-mail addresses are collected via the wn.com web site. Users have to physically opt-in to receive the wn.com newsletter and a verification e-mail is sent. wn.com is clearly and conspicuously named at the point of

collection.

If you no longer wish to receive our newsletter and promotional communications, you may opt-out of receiving them by following the instructions included in each newsletter or communication or by e-mailing us at michaelw(at)wn.com

The security of your personal information is important to us. We follow generally accepted industry standards to protect the personal information submitted to us, both during registration and once we receive it. No method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage, is 100 percent secure, however. Therefore, though we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your personal information, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.

If we decide to change our e-mail practices, we will post those changes to this privacy statement, the homepage, and other places we think appropriate so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we disclose it.

If we make material changes to our e-mail practices, we will notify you here, by e-mail, and by means of a notice on our home page.

3. Third Party Advertisers

The advertising banners and other forms of advertising appearing on this Web site are sometimes delivered to you, on our behalf, by a third party. In the course of serving advertisements to this site, the third party may place or recognize a unique cookie on your browser. For more information on cookies, you can visit www.cookiecentral.com.

4. Business Transfers

As we continue to develop our business, we might sell certain aspects of our entities or assets. In such transactions, user information, including personally identifiable information, generally is one of the transferred business assets, and by submitting your personal information on Wn.com you agree that your data may be transferred to such parties in these circumstances.