Orūzgān or Urōzgān (), also spelled Uruzgan or Rōzgān (), is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the center of the country, though the area is culturally and tribally linked to Kandahar in the south. Its capital is Tarin Kowt. On March 28, 2004, the new Daykundi province was carved out of an area in the north leaving Oruzgan with a majority Pashtun population and Daykundi with a majority of Hazaras. The map at right shows the provincial boundaries that resulted. But in May 2006, Gizab District was taken back from Daykundi and re-annexed to Oruzgan, becoming Oruzgan's sixth district.
+ align=center style="background:#BFD7FF" | Districts of Orūzgān Province | |||
District | Capital | Population | Area | Notes |
| | 72,000 | |||
Deh Rahwod District | Deh Rahwod | Deh Rawood| | 78,750 | |
Gizab District | Gizab | | | 59,000 | |
Khas Uruzgan District | Khas Uruzgan | | | 80,000 | |
Shahidi Hassas District | Shahidi Hassas (Cahar Chineh) | | | 84,000 | |
Tarin Kowt District | Tarin Kowt | Tarin Kowt| | 100,000 |
Population figures are from the Liaison Office study 2009. In addition to the above districts, it also lists Chenartu (a region in Chora district) as a separate district with a population of 30,000.
Another, separate population estimate for the entire province was an estimated population of 320,000. There are an estimated 45,000 households in the province, and households on average have 6 members.
A large portion of Oruzgan's settled population is from ethnic Pashtun tribes such as the Tarin/Tareen and it also has a population of Kuchis, or nomads, whose numbers vary with the seasons.
In the wake of the fall of the Taliban—from January 2002 through March 2006—the province was governed by Jan Mohammed Khan, a warlord ally of President Karzai, and a member of the same Popalzai Pashtun tribe. On March 18, 2006, Karzai appointed Maulavi Abdul Hakim Munib, a former Taliban official who had reconciled with the Government of Afghanistan, to replace Khan. Munib was a Pashtun from Paktia Province.
In August 2006, NATO assumed authority for Oruzgan from the United States-led coalition, as the Netherlands took command of the PRT from the US as Task Force Uruzgan. There is also an Australian element under the Dutch command.
In the summer of 2006, insurgents in Oruzgan were targeted by a NATO-Afghan military offensive called Operation Mountain Thrust.
In September 2007, President Karzai removed Munib, who had become increasingly ineffective.
Because of security concerns and the Taliban insurgency, no international aid agencies or NGOs have a permanent presence in Oruzgan. NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operates a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT), in Tarin Kowt, which transferred from U.S. to Dutch authority in August 2006. The 1,400 Dutch and 1,090 Australian troops in the area secured only the largest population centres in Oruzgan (Dihrawud, Chora, and Tarin Kowt towns) under the Dutch "inkspot policy". However, the force's Area of Responsibility included the entire province, which was not been secured. For example Gizab district, Oruzgan's most dangerous, had no ISAF presence. In August 2010, the 1,950 Dutch forces withdrew their forces from Oruzgan province, after a political disagreement in the Dutch parliament, leaving the PRT to the U.S. and Australia to continue the mission.
Oruzgan's opium poppy crop reached record levels in 2006 and 2007, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), as no significant eradication efforts were carried out by the Afghan administration or Dutch forces.
From June 15 to June 19, 2007 Dutch and Afghan soldiers defended the town of Chora against an assault by Taliban combatants. Reports in the Dutch, Australian and US press indicated that the battle was one of the largest Taliban offensives of the year. The fighting resulted in the deaths of a Dutch soldier, 16 Afghan policemen, an unknown number of civilians and a large number of Taliban.
In September 2008, Rozi Khan, the leader of Oruzgan's Pashtun Barakzai tribe, and a longtime rival of Populzai leader Jan Mohammed Khan, was killed in a firefight in Chora District.
Gīzāb province was temporarily cleared of the Taliban by ISAF forces in late April 2010 and attributed to help from the uprising of the townspeople.
Category:Provinces of Afghanistan
[[ar:ولاية أروزكان ast:Orusgán az:Uruzgan bn:ওরুজ্গন প্রদেশ be:Правінцыя Урузган be-x-old:Урузган (правінцыя) bg:Орузган ca:Província d'Oruzgan cs:Orúzgán da:Oruzgan (provins) de:Uruzgan et:Uruzgāni provints el:Ορουζγκάν (περιοχή) es:Provincia de Urūzgān eo:Provinco Uruzgan eu:Oruzgan probintzia fa:ولایت اروزگان fr:Orozgân ko:우루즈간 주 hi:ओरुज़्ग़ान it:Oruzgan nl:Uruzgan ja:ウルーズガーン州 no:Uruzgan (provins) pnb:صوبہ اروزگان ps:د روزګان ولايت pl:Oruzgan pt:Oruzgan ru:Урузган sr:Провинција Орузган fi:Uruzganin maakunta sv:Oruzgan (provins) tg:Вилояти Урӯзгон tr:Uruzgan Vilayeti ur:ارزگان vi:Oruzgan (tỉnh) war:Orūzgān (lalawigan) zh:乌鲁兹甘省This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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