Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'' ”to feed”) is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. Pasture is typically grazed throughout the summer, in contrast to meadow which is used for grazing only after being mown to make hay for winter fodder.

Pasture in a wider sense additionally includes rangelands, other unenclosed pastoral systems and land types used by wild animals for grazing or browsing.

Pasture lands in the narrow sense are distinguished from rangelands by being managed through more intensive agricultural practices of seeding, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers, while rangelands grow primarily native vegetation, managed with extensive practices like controlled burning and regulated intensity of grazing.

Soil type, minimum annual temperature, and rainfall are important factors in pasture management.

Prior to the advent of factory farming with its use of "zero-grazing" feeding techniques, pasture was the primary source of food for grazing animals such as cattle and horses. It is still used extensively, particularly in arid regions where pasture land is unsuitable for any other agricultural production. In more humid regions, pasture grazing is exploited extensively for free range and organic farming. It is an important biotic resource.

Examples of pasture habitats[link]

Flooded grasslands and savannas

Grassland

Heathland

Machair

Maquis

Moorland

Potrero (landform)

Prairie

Rangeland

Rough pasture

Savanna

Sheepwalk

Steppe

Wood pasture

Veld

See also[link]

Transhumance

Notes [link]

Category:Livestock Category:Agricultural land Category:Grasslands

ar:مرعى cs:Pastvina sn:Mafuro cy:Porfa da:Overdrev de:Weide (Grünland) et:Karjamaa eo:Paŝtejo fr:Pâture hr:Pašnjak is:Beitiland it:Pascolo he:מרעה kk:Жайылым ky:Жайлоо lt:Ganykla hu:Legelő mk:Пасиште nl:Weiland ja:牧草 no:Beite pl:Pastwisko pt:Pasto ro:Pășune qu:Michiy ru:Пастбище sah:Мэччирэҥ simple:Pasture sk:Pasienok sr:Пашњак sh:Pašnjak fi:Laidun sv:Betesmark tr:Mera uk:Пасовище wa:Waide

name	Fernando Ortega
birth place	Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
nationality	American
known for	Christian singer/songwriter
education	Music at the University of New Mexico
religion	Anglican
spouse	Margee Ann
children	Ruby Aveline
parents	Ambrosio, Eva
relatives	Armando Ortega
website	http://www.fernandoortega.com/
footnotes	}}

Fernando Ortega is an adult contemporary singer-songwriter in contemporary Christian music. He is noted both for his interpretations of many traditional hymns and songs, such as "Give Me Jesus" and "Be Thou My Vision", and for writing clear, easily understood songs, such as "This Good Day".

Biography[link]

Ortega was born and raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico near the banks of the Rio Grande. He started learning piano at eight years of age. Through his father's work with the United States Department of State, he also spent time in Ecuador and Barbados. His family lived in Chimayo, NM for eight generations, which has been cited as an influence on his music. It is from his heritage and classical training at The University of New Mexico where Ortega derives his sound, embracing country, classical, Celtic, Latin American, world, modern folk and rustic hymnody. Fernando Ortega currently leads worship at Christ the King Anglican Church in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Discography[link]

''In a Welcome Field'' (1991/2000)

''Meditations of the Heart'' (1992)

''Meditations of the Heart Encore'' (1993)

''Hymns and Mediations'' (1994)

''Night of Your Return'' (1996)

''This Bright Hour'' (1998)

''The Breaking of the Dawn'' (1998)

''Give Me Jesus'' - EP (1999)

''Home'' (2000)

''Camino Largo'' (2001)

''Storm'' (2002)

''Hymns of Worship'' (2003)

''Fernando Ortega'' (2004)

''Live In St. Paul'' - DVD (2004)

''The Shadow of Your Wings: Hymns and Sacred Songs'' (2006)

''Christmas Songs'' (2008)

''Come Down O Love Divine'' (2011)

Other Appearances include:

*''Calvary Chapel Music Praise, Vol. 1'' ("How I Love You Lord" and "Teach Me Your Ways")

*''Calvary Chapel Worship Alive, Vol. 1'' ("I Will Delight" and "Lord, Listen to Your Children Praying")

*''Next Door Savior'' ("How Deep the Father's Love For Us")

*''The Making of a Godly Man'' ("Jehova, Señor De Los Cielos" and "Jesus, You Are My Life") (1997)

*''The Odes Project'' ("Sing Allelu" and "I Stretched Out My Hands")

*Unknown Albums: "I Will Sing the Wondrous Story" and "O For a Thousand Tongues to Sing"

Charts[link]

''Storm'' reached No. 197 on the Billboard 200 in 2002.

''Christmas Songs'' reached No. 36 on the Billboard Christmas Album Chart in 2009.

Awards[link]

Dove Awards

1998

*Bluegrass Song: "Children of the Living God"

2000

*Inspirational Album: ''Home''

2002

*Special Event Album of the Year: ''City on a Hill'' (various artists)

Gallery[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Official Site

Category:American gospel singers Category:Christian religion-related songwriters Category:American male singers Category:American Christians Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people

type	Bishop
name	John Barnet
title	Bishop of Ely
church	Catholic
see	Diocese of Ely
appointed	15 December 1366
term end	8 June 1373
predecessor	Simon Langham
successor	Thomas Arundel
consecration	20 March 1362
rank
death date	8 June 1373
previous post	Bishop of WorcesterBishop of Bath and Wells }}

John Barnet (died 1373) was a Bishop of Worcester then Bishop of Bath and Wells then finally Bishop of Ely.

Barnet was selected Bishop of Worcester about 16 December 1361, and consecrated on 20 March 1362. He was translated to the see of Bath about 28 November 1363.

Barnet was selected as Lord High Treasurer in February 1363 and held the office until June 1369.

Barnet was translated to the see of Ely on 15 December 1366. He died as Bishop of Ely on 8 June 1373.

Citations[link]

References[link]

Category:Bishops of Bath and Wells Category:1373 deaths Category:Bishops of Worcester Category:Bishops of Ely Category:Lord High Treasurers Category:14th-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:14th-century English people

Birth name	Arlo Davy Guthrie
background	solo_singer
birth date	July 10, 1947
birth place	Coney Island, New York, U.S.
instrument	guitarharmonicapiano
genre	Folk, blues
occupation	Singer-songwriter
years active	1967–present
label	Rising Son Records
associated acts	Shenandoah Pete Seeger Woody Guthrie
website	Arlo.net
notable instruments	}}

Arlo Davy Guthrie (born July 10, 1947) is an American folk singer. Like his late father, Woody Guthrie, Arlo is known for singing songs of protest against social injustice. One of Guthrie's better-known works is "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", a satirical talking blues song about 18 minutes in length.

Early life[link]

Arlo Guthrie was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of folk singer and composer Woody Guthrie and his wife Marjorie Mazia Guthrie. His sister is Nora Guthrie. His mother was a one-time professional dancer with the Martha Graham Company and founder of the Committee to Combat Huntington's disease, the disease that took Woody's life in 1967. His maternal grandmother was renowned Yiddish poet Aliza Greenblatt. His father was from a Protestant family and his mother was Jewish; Guthrie received religious training for his bar mitzvah from Rabbi Meir Kahane, who would go on to form the Jewish Defense League. "Rabbi Kahane was a really nice, patient teacher," Guthrie later recalled, "but shortly after he started giving me my lessons, he started going haywire. Maybe I was responsible." Guthrie attended Woodward School in Clinton Hill Brooklyn 1st through 8th grades and later graduated from the Stockbridge School, in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1965, and briefly attended Rocky Mountain College. He received an Honorary Doctorate from Westfield State College, in 2008.

As a singer, songwriter and lifelong political activist, Guthrie carries on the legacy of his legendary father. He was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience award on September 26, 1992.

"Alice's Restaurant"[link]

His most famous work is "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", a talking blues song that lasts 18 minutes and 34 seconds in its original recorded version. Guthrie has pointed out that this was also the exact length of one of the famous gaps in Richard Nixon's Watergate tapes. He has been known to spin the story out to forty-five minutes in concert. The Alice in the song is Alice Brock, who had been librarian at Arlo's boarding school in town before opening her restaurant, and who now runs an art gallery in Provincetown, Massachusetts.

The song lampoons the Vietnam War draft. However, Guthrie stated in a 2009 interview with Ron Bennington that the song is more an "anti-stupidity" song than an anti-war song, adding that it is based on a true incident. In the song, Guthrie is called up for a draft examination, and rejected as unfit for military service as a result of a criminal record consisting in its entirety of a single arrest, court appearance, fine, and clean-up order for littering and creating a public nuisance on Thanksgiving Day in 1965, when Arlo was 18 years old. Alice and her restaurant make up the recurrent refrain, but barely figure in the story. On the DVD commentary for the 1969 movie, Guthrie states that the events presented in the song all actually happened.

For a short period of time after its release in 1967, "Alice's Restaurant" was heavily played on U.S. college and counter-culture radio stations. It became a symbol of the late 1960s and for many it defined an attitude and lifestyle that were lived out across the country in the ensuing years. Its leisurely, sassy finger-picking acoustic guitar and rambling lyrics were widely memorized and played by irreverent youth. Many stations across the States have made playing "Alice's Restaurant" a Thanksgiving Day tradition.

A 1969 film, directed and co-written by Arthur Penn, was based on the true story told in the song, but with the addition of a large number of fictional scenes. This film, also called ''Alice's Restaurant'', featured Arlo portraying himself. The part of his father Woody Guthrie, who had died in 1967, was played by an actor, Joseph Boley.

Despite its popularity, the song "Alice's Restaurant Massacree" is not always featured on the set list of any given performance.

Music career and critical reception[link]

The "Alice's Restaurant" song was one of a few very long songs to become popular just when albums began replacing hit singles as young people's main music listening. But in 1972 Guthrie had a highly successful single too, Steve Goodman's song "City of New Orleans", a wistful paean to long-distance passenger rail travel. Guthrie's first trip on that train was in December 2005 (when his family joined other musicians on a train trip across the country to raise money for musicians financially devastated by Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita, in the South of the United States). He also had a minor hit with his song "Coming into Los Angeles," which was played at the 1969 Woodstock Festival, and success with a live version of "The Motorcycle Song."

Guthrie's 1976 album ''Amigo'' received a 5-star (highest rating) from ''Rolling Stone,'' and may be his best-received work; unfortunately that milestone album, like Guthrie's earlier Warner Bros. Records albums, is rarely heard today even though each boasts compelling folk and folk rock music accompanied by top-notch musicians such as Ry Cooder.

A number of musicians from a variety of genres have joined Guthrie onstage, including Pete Seeger, David Bromberg, Cyril Neville, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, Judy Collins, John Prine, Wesley Gray, Josh Ritter, and others.

Shenandoah[link]

In the fall of 1975 during a benefit concert in Massachusetts, Arlo Guthrie performed with his band Shenandoah in public for the first time. They continued to tour and record throughout the 1970s until the early 1990s. Although the band received good reviews, it never gained the popularity that Guthrie did while playing solo.

This band is not to be confused with the popular country music group Shenandoah, an entirely different group that had musical hits from 1986 to 2006. Arlo Guthrie's band Shenandoah consisted (after 1976) of David Grover, Steve Ide, Carol Ide, Terry A La Berry and Dan Velika.

Acting[link]

Though Guthrie is best known for being a musician, singer, and composer, throughout the years he has also appeared as an actor in films and on television. The film ''Alice's Restaurant'' (1969) is his best known role, but he has had small parts in several films and even co-starred in a television drama, ''Byrds of Paradise''.

Guthrie has had minor roles in several movies and television series. Usually, he has appeared as himself, often performing music and/or being interviewed about the 1960s, folk music and various social causes. His television appearances have included a broad range of programs from ''The Muppet Show'' (1979) to ''Politically Incorrect'' (1998). A rare dramatic film part was in the 1992 movie ''Roadside Prophets''. Guthrie's memorable appearance at the 1969 Woodstock Festival was documented in the Michael Wadleigh film ''Woodstock''.

Guthrie also made a pilot for a TV variety show called "The Arlo Guthrie Show" in February, 1987. The hour-long program included story telling and musical performances and was filmed in Austin, Texas. It was broadcast nationally on PBS. Special guests were Pete Seeger, Bonnie Raitt, David Bromberg and Jerry Jeff Walker.

Politics[link]

A registered Republican, Guthrie endorsed Texas Congressman Ron Paul for the 2008 Republican Party nomination. He said, "I love this guy. Dr. Paul is the only candidate I know of who would have signed the Constitution of the United States had he been there. I'm with him, because he seems to be the only candidate who actually believes it has as much relevance today as it did a couple of hundred years ago. I look forward to the day when we can work out the differences we have with the same revolutionary vision and enthusiasm that is our American legacy." He told ''The New York Times Magazine'' that he is a Republican because, "We had enough good Democrats. We needed a few more good Republicans. We needed a loyal opposition."

About once a month, Guthrie posts short writings to the Announcements area of www.arlo.net, often sounding libertarian themes. However, on February 1, 2011, his post was to promote the cause of the public employee unions being opposed by Wisconsin Republicans, and to favor the cause of labor unions in general. Previously Guthrie had made comments in public disparaging musicians' unions and stating that he had refused to join one.

In earlier years, at least from the 1960s to the 1980s, Guthrie had taken a decidedly leftist approach to American politics. In his often lengthy comments during concerts his expressed positions were consistently anti-war, anti-Nixon, pro-drugs and in favor of making nuclear power illegal. However, he apparently regarded himself as more an individualist than the major youth culture spokesperson he had been regarded as by the media, as evidenced by the lyrics in his 1979 song "Prologue": "I can remember all of your smiles during the demonstrations, ... and together we sang our victory songs though we were worlds apart."

In 1984, he was the featured celebrity in George McGovern's campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination in Guthrie's home state of Massachusetts, performing at rallies and receptions.

Legacy[link]

Like his father, Woody Guthrie, Guthrie often sings songs of protest against social injustice. He collaborated with poet Adrian Mitchell to tell the story of Chilean folk singer and activist Víctor Jara in song. He regularly performed with folk legend Pete Seeger, one of his father's longtime partners. Ramblin' Jack Elliott, who had lived for two years in the Guthries' home before Arlo left for boarding school, had absorbed Woody's style perhaps better than anyone; Arlo has been said to have credited Elliott for passing it along to him.

In 1991, Guthrie bought the church that had served as Alice and Ray Brock's former home in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and converted it to the Guthrie Center, an interfaith meeting place that serves people of all religions. The center provides weekly free lunches in the community and support for families living with HIV/AIDS as well as other life-threatening illnesses. It also hosts a summertime concert series and Guthrie does six or seven fund raising shows there every year. There are several annual events such as the Walk-A-Thon to Cure Huntington's Disease and a "Thanksgiving Dinner That Can't Be Beat" for families, friends, doctors and scientists who live and work with Huntington's disease.

Family[link]

Guthrie and his wife Jackie reside in the Town of Washington, Massachusetts. Guthrie's son Abe Guthrie and his daughters Sarah Lee Guthrie and Cathy Guthrie have also become musicians. Annie Guthrie writes songs and performs, and also takes care of family touring details. Sarah Lee performs and records with her husband Johnny Irion. Cathy plays ukulele in Folk Uke, a group she formed with Amy Nelson, the daughter of Willie Nelson. Abe Guthrie was formerly in a folk-rock band called Xavier, and now tours with his father. Abe Guthrie's son, Krishna, is a drummer and toured with Arlo Guthrie on his European tour in 2006 and played guitar for the 2009–2010 Tour. Krishna plays drums in Modest Me and aspires to be the lead of his own band some day. Arlo Guthrie is a grandfather of Abe's son Krishna and daughter Serena, Annie's son Shiva Das (Mo) and daughter Jacklyn, Sarah Lee's daughters Olivia Nora and Sophia Irion and Cathy's daughter Marjorie Maybelle Midwood.

In fiction[link]

Arlo Guthrie is mentioned in Tim Winton's novel ''The Riders'' – shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1995. A character in the novel overhears locals in the small Irish town of Shinrone, recount the night Arlo Guthrie came to play. The actual event occurred in February 1988, when Arlo played the local gymnasium in Shinrone, County Offaly. The concert was organised by a local postman, Tom Stapleton.

Works[link]

Discography[link]

''Alice's Restaurant'' (1967)

''Arlo'' (1968)

''Running Down the Road'' (1969)

''Alice's Restaurant Soundtrack'' (1969)

''Washington County'' (1970)

''Hobo's Lullaby'' (1972)

''Last of the Brooklyn Cowboys'' (1973)

''Arlo Guthrie'' (1974)

''Together In Concert'' (1975), with Pete Seeger (2 record set), Warner/Reprise

''Amigo'' (1976)

''The Best of Arlo Guthrie'' (1977)

''One Night'' (1978)

''Outlasting the Blues'' (1979)

''Power Of Love'' (1981)

''Precious Friend'' (1981), with Pete Seeger (2 record set), Warner/Reprise

''Someday'' (1986)

''All Over the World'' (1991)

''Son of the Wind'' (1992)

''2 Songs'' (1992)

''More Together Again'' (1993), with Pete Seeger (2 record set)

''Alice's Restaurant (The Massacree Revisited)'' (1996)

''Mystic Journey'' (1996)

''This Land Is Your Land: An All American Children's Folk Classic'' (1997)

''Till We Outnumber 'Em'' (2000) - various artists, live program hosted by Arlo

''Banjoman: a tribute to Derroll Adams'' (2002)

''Live In Sydney'' (2005)

''In Times Like These'' (2007)

''32¢ Postage Due'' (2008)

''Tales Of '69 (2009)

Select filmography[link]

''Alice's Restaurant'' (1969)

''Renaldo and Clara'' (1978)

''Baby's Storytime'' (1989)

''Roadside Prophets'' (1992)

Notable television guest appearances[link]

''Beat Club'' (episode # 1.52) February 28, 1970

''Byrds of Paradise'' (1994)

''Relativity'' December 29, 1996

''Renegade'' in episode: "Top Ten with a Bullet" (episode # 5.14) January 24, 1997

''Rich Man, Poor Man: Book 2'' 2 episodes, 1976

The fourth season of ''The Muppet Show''.

Film and television composer[link]

''Alice's Restaurant'' (1969) (song "The Alice's Restaurant Massacree")

''Woodstock'' (1970) (song "Coming Into Los Angeles" – the song heard on the officially released soundtrack recording was not played at the Woodstock festival. Rather, it is a recording of a previous live presentation.)

''Clay Pigeon'' (1971) also known as ''Trip to Kill'' (UK)

''Baby's Storytime'' (1989)

Producer[link]

''Isn't This a Time! A Tribute Concert for Harold Leventhal'' (2004)

Writer[link]

''Mooses Come Walking'' (2004) (children's book)

Appearances as himself[link]

''Hylands hörna'' (episode # 4.4) January 31, 1970

''Woodstock'' (1969) (also known as ''Woodstock 25th Anniversary Edition'' and as ''Woodstock, 3 Days of Peace & Music'')

''The Dick Cavett Show'' September 8, 1970

''Arthur Penn 1922–: Themes and Variants'' (1970) (TV)

''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'', August 17, 1972

''The Muppet Show'' (episode # 4.8) June 19, 1979

''The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time'' (1982)

''Woody Guthrie: Hard Travelin''' (1984)

''Farm Aid '87'' (1987) (TV)

''A Vision Shared: A Tribute to Woody Guthrie and Leadbelly'' (1988)

''Woodstock: The Lost Performances'' (1990)

''Woodstock Diary'' (1994) (TV)

''The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts'' (1994) (TV)

''The History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 6'' (1995) (TV) (also known as ''My Generation'')

''This Land Is Your Land: The Animated Kids' Songs of Woody Guthrie'' (1997)

''Healthy Kids'' (1998) (TV series)

''The Ballad of Ramblin' Jack'' (2000)

''Hollywood Rocks the Movies: The Early Years'' (1955–1970) (2000) (TV)

''Last Party 2000'' (2001) (also known as ''The Party's Over'')

''Pops Goes the Fourth!'' (July 4, 2001)

''NPR's Talk of the Nation'' radio broadcast (Nov. 14, 2001)

*"St. James Infirmary" and "City of New Orleans"

''Singing in the Shadow: The Children of Rock Royalty'' (2003)

''Get Up, Stand Up'' (2003) (TV series)

''From Wharf Rats to the Lords of the Docks'' (2004)

''Isn't This a Time! A Tribute Concert for Harold Leventhal'' (2004)

''1968 with Tom Brokaw'' (2007)

''Pete Seeger: The Power of Song'' (2008) (''American Masters'' PBS TV special)

''The 84th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade'' (2010) (TV special)

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

Lee, Laura, ''Arlo, Alice & Anglicans: The Lives of a New England Church'' (Berkshire House Publishers, 2000; W.W. Norton, 2000 paperback ISBN 1-58157-010-4)

Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities' Mass Moments: "Arlo Guthrie Convicted of Littering," November 28, 1965"

"Youths Ordered to Clean Up Rubbish Mess": contemporaneous news article reprinted in ''This is the Arlo Guthrie Songbook'' p. 39 (offline)

External links[link]

Arlo Guthrie's Rising Son Records

Audio 2007 Interview on the Horace J. Digby Report, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Audio from April 2007 interview

The Guthrie Center

World Music Central "Arlo Guthrie"

YouTube video of Alice's Restaurant

YouTube video of the Motorcycle Song

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American folk singers Category:American male singers Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:American singer-songwriters Arlo Category:Massachusetts Republicans Category:People from Brooklyn

de:Arlo Guthrie es:Arlo Guthrie fr:Arlo Guthrie it:Arlo Guthrie he:ארלו גאת'רי nl:Arlo Guthrie no:Arlo Guthrie pl:Arlo Guthrie pt:Arlo Guthrie simple:Arlo Guthrie fi:Arlo Guthrie sv:Arlo Guthrie