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A television film (also known as a TV film, television movie, TV movie, telefilm, telemovie, made-for-television film, movie of the week (MOTW or MOW), feature-length drama, single drama, and original movie) is a feature film that is a television program produced for and originally distributed by a television network, in contrast to many films explicitly made for showing in movie theaters.

Origins and history[link]

Though not exactly labelled as such, there were early precedents for "television movies", such as the 1957 The Pied Piper of Hamelin, based on the poem by Robert Browning, and starring Van Johnson, one of the first filmed "family musicals" made directly for television. It was made in Technicolor, a first for television, which ordinarily used color processes originated by specific networks. (Most "family musicals" of the time, such as Peter Pan, were not filmed but broadcast live and preserved on kinescope. A kinescope is a recording of a television program made by filming the picture from a video monitor). This was the only way to record a television show until the invention of videotape).

Television films had rough start when the idea was first presented in the 1950s to major networks. The production for the films was an unstable business with certain challenges facing early participants. Many television networks were hostile towards film programming, fearing that it would loosen the network's arrangements with sponsors and affiliates by encouraging television station managers to make independent deals with advertisers and film producers.^[1]

Television networks were in control of the most valuable prime-time slots available for programming, so syndicators of independent television films had to settle for fewer television markets and less desirable time periods. This meant much smaller advertising revenues and license fees compared with network-supplied programming.^[2]

The term "made-for-TV movie" was coined in the United States in the early 1960s as an incentive for movie audiences to stay home and watch what was promoted as the equivalent of a first-run theatrical motion picture. Beginning in 1961 with NBC Saturday Night at the Movies, a prime time network showing of a television premiere of major studio film, the other networks soon copied the format with each of the networks having several [Day of the Week] Night At The Movies that led to a shortage of movie studio product. The first of these made-for-TV movies is generally acknowledged to be See How They Run, which debuted on NBC on 7 October 1964. A previous film, The Killers, starring Lee Marvin and Ronald Reagan, was filmed as a TV-movie, although NBC decided it was too violent for television and it was released theatrically instead.^[3]

Considered the second television movie, Don Siegel's The Hanged Man was broadcast by the National Broadcasting Co. on November 18, 1964.

These features originally filled a 90-minute broadcast programming time slot (including television commercials), later expanded to two hours, and were usually broadcast as a weekly anthology television series (for example, the ABC Movie of the Week). Many early TV movies featured major stars, and some were accorded higher budgets than standard series television programs of the same length, including the major dramatic anthology programs which they came to replace.

Examples[link]

Possibly the most-watched TV movie of all time was ABC's The Day After, which aired on November 20, 1983, to an estimated audience of 100 million people. The film depicted America after a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, and was the subject of much controversy and discussion at the time of its release due to its graphic nature and subject matter.

Another popular and critically acclaimed TV movie was 1971's Duel, written by Richard Matheson, directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Dennis Weaver. Such was the quality and popularity of Duel that it was released to cinemas in Europe and Australia, and had a limited cinema release to some venues in the United States. The 1971 made-for-TV Brian's Song was also briefly released to theatres after its success on television, and was even remade in 2001. In some instances TV movies of the period had more explicit content included in the versions prepared to be exhibited theatrically in Europe. Examples of this include The Legend of Lizzie Borden, Helter Skelter, Prince of Bel Air and Spectre.

Many 1970s TV movies were a source of controversy, such as Linda Blair's Born Innocent (1974) and Sarah T. - Portrait of a Teenage Alcoholic (1975), as well as Dawn: Portrait of a Teenage Runaway (1976) and its sequel, Alexander: The Other Side of Dawn (1977), which were vehicles for former Brady Bunch actress Eve Plumb. Another renowned film was Elizabeth Montgomery's portrayal of a rape victim in the drama A Case of Rape (1974).

My Sweet Charlie (1970) with Patty Duke and Al Freeman, Jr. dealt with racial prejudice, and That Certain Summer (1972), starring Hal Holbrook and Martin Sheen, although controversial, was considered the first TV movie to approach the subject of homosexuality in a non-threatening manner. If These Walls Could Talk, a film which deals with abortion in three different decades (1950s, 1970s, and 1990s) became a huge success, and HBO's highest rated film ever.

Often a successful series may spawn a TV movie sequel after ending its run, and TV movies may also be used as the first episode of a series, otherwise known as a pilot. For example, Babylon 5: The Gathering launched the science fiction series Babylon 5 and is considered to be distinct from the show's regular run of one-hour episodes. Babylon 5 also has several sequel TV movies set within the same fictional continuity. The 2003 remake of Battlestar Galactica begin as a two-part miniseries that later continued as a television show. Another example is the TV movie Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, which launched the TV show of the same name, and used the same actress Melissa Joan Hart for the lead role in both. The term "TV movie" is also frequently used as vehicles for "reunions" of long-departed series, as in Return to Mayberry and A Very Brady Christmas.

Occasionally TV movies are used as sequels to successful theatrical films. For example, only the first film in The Parent Trap series was released theatrically. The Parent Trap II, III and IV were TV-movies, and similarly, the Midnight Run sequels have all been TV movies despite the first having a strong run in the cinema. These types of films may be, and more commonly usually are, released direct-to-video; there have been some films, such as The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning (a prequel to the film version of The Dukes of Hazzard), which have been released near simultaneously on DVD and on television, but have never been released in theatres.

TV movie musicals have become popular among all ages. One prime example is the High School Musical series which aired on the Disney Channel. The first TV movie was so successful that it came out with a sequel High School Musical 2 in 2007 which has since become the highest viewed cable broadcast and in 2008 its second sequel High School Musical 3: Senior Year was released in theaters instead of on Disney Channel. It became one of the highest grossing movie musicals.

TV movies traditionally were often broadcast by the major networks during sweeps season. Such offerings now are very rare; as Ken Tucker noted while reviewing the Jesse Stone CBS TV movies, "broadcast networks aren’t investing in made-for-TV movies anymore".^[4] The slack has been taken up by cable networks such as Hallmark Channel, Syfy, Lifetime, and HBO with productions such as You Don't Know Jack and Cinema Verite often utilizing top creative talent.

Production and quality[link]

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A New York Times critic wrote in 1991 that "few artifacts of popular culture invite more condescension than the made-for-television movie".^[5] Network-made TV movies in the USA have tended to be inexpensively-produced and low quality; stylistically, they often resemble single episodes of dramatic television series. Often they are made to "cash in" on the interest centering on stories currently prominent in the news, as the Amy Fisher films were. The stories are written to reach periodic semi-cliffhangers coinciding with the network-scheduled times for the insertion of commercials; they are further managed to fill, but not exceed, the fixed running times allotted by the network to each movie "series". The movies tend to rely on small casts and a limited range of settings and camera setups. Even Spielberg's Duel, while a well-crafted film, features a very small cast (apart from Weaver, all other acting roles are bit-parts) and mostly outdoors shooting locations in the desert. The movies are typically made by smaller crews, and they rarely feature expensive special effects. While it would have been less expensive to film on the new media form of video, as the movies were contracted by TV studios it was required that they be turned in on 35mm film. Various techniques are often employed to "pad" TV movies with low budgets and underdeveloped scripts, such as music video-style montages, flashbacks, or repeated footage, and extended periods of dramatic slow motion footage (sometimes taken to ridiculous extremes as in the USA Network thriller Wheels of Terror). However, the digital 24p video format has made some improvements on the TV movie market.

Movie-length episodes of TV shows[link]

Occasionally, a long-running television series is used as the basis for TV movies that air during the show's run (as opposed to the above-mentioned "reunion specials"). Typically, such movies employ a filmed single-camera setup even if the TV series is videotaped using a multiple-camera setup, but are written to be easily broken up into individual thirty- or sixty-minute episodes for syndication. Many such movies relocate the cast of the show to an exotic overseas setting. However, although they may be advertised as movies, they are really simply extended episodes of TV shows, such as the pilot and the finale of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Most of these are made and shown during sweeps period in order to attract a large TV audience and boost television ratings for a show.

See also[link]

• Direct-to-video
• Soap opera
• Miniseries
• Television pilot
• Television special
• Telenovela
• Téléroman
• List of Movie Umbrella Titles in North America
• List of television films produced for American Broadcasting Company

References[link]

Adrian Pasdar
Pasdar at ComicCon, July 2008
Born	Adrian Kayvan Pasdar (1965-04-30) April 30, 1965 (age 47) Pittsfield, Massachusetts, United States
Occupation	Actor and film director
Spouse	Natalie Maines (2000–present)

Adrian Kayvan Pasdar (English pronunciation: /ˈpæzdɑr/, Persian pronunciation: [ˈpɒːsdɒːɾ]; born April 30, 1965) is an Iranian-American actor, voice artist, and film director. He is known for playing Jim Profit on the TV series Profit, for his roles in Near Dark, Carlito's Way, Mysterious Ways and as Nathan Petrelli on Heroes. Additionally, he directed the feature film Cement. Pasdar is the current voice of Iron Man in Marvel Anime, as well as in the animated series, Ultimate Spider-Man.^[1]

Early years[link]

Pasdar was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. His father, Homayoon Pasdar, was an Iranian immigrant and cardiac surgeon, with a practice near Philadelphia. His mother, Rosemarie (née Sberesny), was born in Königsberg/Kaliningrad, a German city until 1945, now part of Russia. She worked as a nurse before becoming an English teacher and travel agent in France.^[2]

Pasdar graduated from Marple Newtown Senior High School in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, and received a football scholarship to the University of Florida to play linebacker.^[3] He was badly injured in a car accident during his freshman year. The accident left his face scarred, his legs badly injured, and kept him in a wheelchair for several months, at which time he had to finish his freshman year while undergoing intensive physical therapy.

Anamarie "Pink" Pasdar is the younger sister of Adrian Pasdar. She appeared in the Mysterious Ways episode "Handshake".^[4] She was the Associate Artistic Director (c. 2007-2008) at American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco.

Acting career[link]

Pasdar turned his attention to campus stage productions and rediscovered an early interest in writing and acting. No longer able to play football, he dropped out of school and returned home, taking a job with a theater group, People's Light and Theatre Company. There he worked on sound and lighting as part of the stage crew responsible for set construction. He had a painful accident on the set, cutting off the end of his left thumb. His resulting medical compensation paid for attendance at the Lee Strasberg Theater Institute in New York.

Pasdar was also selected to play a bit part as a police officer in the Dixie Chicks video for their song, "Goodbye Earl". The music video won both the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association's Video of the Year Awards in 2000.

Acting and directing[link]

Film[link]

At the age of 19, he auditioned for a role in Top Gun. Director Tony Scott was so impressed that he wrote the part of "Chipper" just for him. This led to bigger roles in Solarbabies (1986), Streets of Gold (1986), and Kathryn Bigelow's cult vampire movie Near Dark (1987), with Pasdar in the lead role of Caleb Colton. Other major roles include Vital Signs (1990). Pasdar got his biggest break in movies, when he starred as a beautiful woman opposite Julie Walters in the British movie Just Like a Woman. In 1992, he left Hollywood and returned to New York, working as a cashier for room and board, while taking the occasional small part, such as Frankie in Brian De Palma's Carlito's Way (1993).

Adrian Pasdar wrote and directed the short film Beyond Belief^{[disambiguation needed ]} and directed his first feature film, the art-house neo-noir Cement, a contemporary re-telling of Othello, in 1999. The $1.7 million independent feature, which won Best Picture awards on the festival circuit, starred Chris Penn, Jeffrey Wright, Sherilyn Fenn, Henry Czerny and was written by Farscape's screenwriter Justin Monjo. "I've used every ounce of energy and every drop of money I had to make Cement," Pasdar said.^[5]

Television[link]

Pasdar's major break into television came in 1996, when he was cast as the title character on the short-lived but critically acclaimed Fox series Profit. He also guest starred in the 2 hour season finale of the fourth season of Touched by an Angel, "The Spirit of Liberty Moon". From 2000 to 2002, Pasdar played the lead role of Anthropology Professor Declan Dunn in the spooky cult drama series Mysterious Ways on PAX.

Pasdar played David McClaren in the final two seasons of the long-running CBS drama Judging Amy, from 2003 through 2005. In 2006, he had a high-profile guest role as Gabrielle Solis's sleazy lawyer in Desperate Housewives.

Most recently, he starred as Nathan Petrelli in the NBC superhero drama Heroes. Pasdar based his mysterious character on "the most morally liquid characters" that he's encountered in his life. The character is not based on one particular political figure, but on a melange of different ones, both good and bad.^[6] Pasdar's character was killed off in an episode that aired November 30, 2009.^[7]

Pasdar voices Hawkeye in the animated series The Super Hero Squad Show. He also voiced Captain America in the Black Panther animated series, as well as Iron Man in the English dub of the Iron Man anime series.^[8]

He currently plays a role on The Lying Game as Alec Rybak, a corrupt district attorney.

Personal life[link]

Pasdar married lead singer Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks in June 2000. The couple first met in May 1999, with Maines as a bridesmaid to her bandmate Emily Robison and Pasdar as a groomsman to his friend singer-songwriter Charlie Robison. They were married in Las Vegas's Little White Wedding Chapel, in a $55 no-frills ceremony officiated by the chapel's "Pastor Ann". They have two children, Jackson Slade Pasdar (born March 15, 2001) and Beckett Finn Pasdar (born July 14, 2004) and live in Los Angeles, California and Austin, Texas.

He has a tattoo of an anchor on his arm. His children's names are written on it. It symbolizes that his family is his anchor and support in life.^[9] He also has a tattoo of the Chinese character for Strength, which he got while filming Shanghai 1920 (上海1920, Shang Hai yi jiu er ling)]] (1991).^[9]

Pasdar is a guitarist for charity rock band Band from TV. Part of the proceeds from the band's concerts go to his nominated charity, the Rush Epilepsy Center.^[10]

Pasdar was arrested on January 27, 2010 on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.^[11]

Awards and nominations[link]

Award Wins for Acting

• 2009: Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films: Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in Television, Heroes^[12]

Award Wins for Directing

• 2000: Grand Remi Award (WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival): Cement^[13]
• 2000: AngelCiti film festival: Audience Award, Cement

Other Award Wins

• 2009 (ensemble): Hollywood Note Foundation's Change the World Awards, Humanitarian Award of Inspiration: Band From TV^[14]

Filmography (as actor)[link]

Filmography (as director)[link]

Audiobook narration[link]

In 2010 Pasdar narrated an audiobook edition of the cult novel Queer Fish in God's Waiting Room by the British writer Lee Henshaw. It was released in early 2011.^[15]

Further reading[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Adrian Pasdar at the Internet Movie Database

Nancy Justine McKeon (born April 4, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jo Polniaczek on the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life.

Biography[link]

Early life & career[link]

McKeon was born in Westbury, New York. Prior to her breakthrough on The Facts of Life, she and her older brother Philip appeared in numerous commercials. McKeon also appeared on the soap operas The Secret Storm and Another World. The McKeons moved to Los Angeles in 1975, when Philip began appearing on the television series Alice with Linda Lavin.

In 1979, McKeon was discovered by a casting director for The Facts of Life after a performance in a Hallmark greeting cards advertisement. She was cast as tough and independent tomboy Jo Polniaczek, and debuted on the show in the fall of 1980. This is her most famous role and she portrayed the character until the show was canceled in 1988. McKeon also provided the voice for many ABC Weekend Special cartoon characters, including the voice for Scruffy.

McKeon has also been noted for her ability to cry on command. While on The Facts of Life, this ability earned her the nickname "Faucet Face" by her cast mates.

Later career[link]

In 1994, she auditioned for the role of Monica Gellar on Friends. It came down to two women: her and Courtney Cox but the role went to Courtney. In later interviews when asked about the auditions McKeon said "I have no hard feelings. The role went to the right person, Courtney was brilliant. Now, I cant see anybody playing the role not even myself" In 1995 she starred in her own series, Can't Hurry Love, which lasted one season. In 1998, she starred in a sitcom with Jean Smart titled Style & Substance.

McKeon portrayed Inspector Jinny Exstead on the Lifetime police drama The Division from 2001 to 2004, with her pregnancy incorporated into the storyline of the last year of the series. Since 2009, McKeon has appeared in a recurring role in the Disney Channel Original Series Sonny With a Chance, as Connie Munroe, the mother of Demi Lovato's character Sonny Munroe.

McKeon also starred in numerous made-for-TV movies throughout the 1980s and 1990s, including A Cry for Help: The Tracey Thurman Story, in which she portrayed an abuse victim and The Wrong Woman, portraying a woman framed for killing her boss. In 2003, McKeon starred in the film Comfort and Joy.

On June 24, 2011 McKeon was named Cougar of the Week by The Danettes on The Dan Patrick Show.

Personal life[link]

While McKeon was on The Facts of Life, she and her parents, all devout Catholics, were granted a private audience with Pope John Paul II.^[1]

During the 1980s she dated the actor Michael J. Fox and former NHL hockey player, left winger Luc Robitaille of the Los Angeles Kings.

McKeon married key grip Marc Andrus in June 2003, and in March 2004 gave birth to their daughter, Aurora. According to her A&E Biography TV special, she welcomed a second daughter, Harlow, in 2006.

Filmography[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

Marco Island Film Festival

• 2000: Won, "Audience Award for Best Short Drama" - A Wakening
• 2000: Won, "Crystal Palm Award for Best Short Film" - A Wakening

Prism Awards

• 2003: Nominated, "Best Performance in a Drama Series Episode" - The Division
• 2003: Nominated, "Best Performance in a Drama Series" - The Division
• 2004: Nominated, "Best Performance in a Drama Series Multi Episode Storyline" - The Division

TV Land Awards

• 2007: Nominated, "The 'When Bad Teens Go Good' Award" - The Facts of Life

Young Artist Awards

• 1982: Nominated, "Best Young Comedienne in Motion Picture or Television" - The Facts of Life
• 1983: Won, "Best Young Actress in a Television Special" - Please Don't Hit Me, Mom
• 1983: Won, "Best Young Actress in a Movie Made for Television" - The Facts of Life Goes to Paris
• 1983: Won, "Best Young Actress in a Comedy Series" - The Facts of Life
• 1984: Nominated, "Best Young Actress in a Comedy Series" - The Facts of Life

References[link]

External links[link]

• Nancy McKeon at the Internet Movie Database
• Nancy McKeon on the Facts of Life site
• Nancy McKeon on Yahoo movies
• A Cry for help, the Tracey Thurman story, movie trailer

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2007)

Lucy Deakins (born December 18, 1971) was known for being an American child actress.

Deakins was born in New York City, the daughter of Alice, a professor at William Paterson University, and Roger, a retired New York University professor. She graduated from Stuyvesant High School and enrolled in Harvard University in 1988. She graduated in 1994 with a degree in comparative religion. She took time off for acting jobs and to backpack across Europe.

While living in Port Townsend, Washington, she enrolled in boatbuilding school, worked as an EMT, and signed up as a firefighter with the town's Fire Academy. Deakins moved to Denver, Colorado in 1999, where she worked as a paralegal. She and her husband, J.J. Arnold, were married in 1999.

Her daughter, Mason, was born in February, 2000. In January, 2002, she and her husband moved to New York City so they could be closer to the art world (he is a painter and sculptor). She enrolled in law school at the University of Washington in Seattle and graduated in 2007. She was admitted to the New York Bar and is now a practicing attorney at Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P. Since 2009, she now works at their Denver office.

Filmography[link]

• Law & Order (TV)

"The Ring" (2002) - Leah Stanton

"Discord" (1993) - Julia Wood

• A Mother's Gift (1995) (TV) - Isobelle as an adult
• There Goes My Baby (1994) - Mary Beth
• Stood Up! (1990) (TV) - Becky Noonan
• Cheetah (1989) - Susan
• The Great Outdoors (1988) - Cammie
• Little Nikita (1988) - Barbara Kerry
• The Boy Who Could Fly (1986) - Milly Michaelson
• As the World Turns (1984–1985) TV Series - Lily Walsh #1

External links[link]

• Lucy Deakins at the Internet Movie Database
• Lucy Deakins Fan Site
• Lucy Deakins Attorney Site

Jeremy Michael London (born November 7, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for his regular roles on Party of Five, 7th Heaven, and I'll Fly Away, as well as a notable supporting role in the Civil War epic Gods and Generals.

Early life[link]

London was born in San Diego, California, the son of Debbie (née Osborn), a waitress, and Frank London, a sheet metal worker.^[1] He was raised mainly in DeSoto, Texas. After divorcing Jeremy's father, his mother moved the family 13 times in six years. His identical twin brother, Jason, is older by 27 minutes and is also an actor. Jeremy has worked mostly in television while Jason has opted for a career in feature films. The two have only acted alongside each other once – in the February 3, 2003 episode of the WB's 7th Heaven, entitled "Smoking." They have also competed for the same role – Jeremy's first audition was for a part in the 1991 film The Man in the Moon, which Jason won, leaving Jeremy the part of his brother's stunt double.^{[citation needed]}

Career[link]

London's first and second major television roles were playing Nathan on the critically acclaimed 1991–1993 drama series I'll Fly Away. His brother Jason stepped in for Jeremy for the final episode of the show.

In 1997, he joined the cast of the hit Fox series Party Of Five, playing Griffin for three seasons, after serving as a recurring guest star. He then went on to play a young minister named Chandler Hampton on 7th Heaven from 2002 to 2004. His 7th Heaven character had a father with lung cancer, much like Jeremy's real-life family members. He has since been in many TV serials, TV movies and feature films.

He is also well known for playing T.S. Quint in Kevin Smith's second film Mallrats.

London was a cast member during the fourth season of Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which premiered on VH1 in December 2010.^[2]

Personal life[link]

London and his wife Melissa Cunningham were married in September 2006.^[3] They have a son named Lyrik.^[4]

Kidnapping incident[link]

London was allegedly kidnapped on June 10, 2010 in the California desert and forced to smoke drugs at gunpoint, according to London. London was fixing a flat tire outside a hotel in Palm Springs when two men approached to help, local police confirmed in a statement. London claimed the men had a gun and forced him to drive to various locations throughout the city, purchase alcohol and use illicit drugs, police said in the statement.^{[citation needed]}

The illicit substance was crack cocaine or amphetamines, reports Radar Online. After nearly 12 hours of captivity, London claimed he escaped and contacted police about 2:35 a.m.^{[citation needed]}

London's car was found in a Palm Springs development called Gateway Estates, with an arrest made later that day – 26-year-old Brandon Adams, who was charged with kidnapping, robbery and vehicle theft. Adams initially plead not guilty, and London's family expressed doubts about the kidnapping story.^[5]

London later denounced his family for telling police "the most outrageous lies you've ever heard in your whole life." He said, "They told a bunch of lies saying this never happened. I haven't even seen them in six months. They have no idea what's going on," adding, "This actually did happen to me. It was one of the worst days of my life."^[6]

Brandon Adams, the kidnapper, claimed that London asked him to procure Xanax and OxyContin pills and also said that London voluntarily went joyriding with him in a quest to locate pills. Brandon claimed London was drinking alcohol and doing drugs in the car voluntarily the entire time.^[7]

London's story was later corroborated by an investigating detective who revealed that Adams did, in fact, admit to the kidnapping at gunpoint.^[8][9] Adams subsequently plead guilty to a felony violation of Penal Code section 236, False Imprisonment, and was sentenced to state prison.

Addiction[link]

London was a cast member during the fourth season of Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which aired on Vh1 from December 2010 to January 2011, and depicted his treatment for addiction at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena, California. The third episode of that season depicted discussions involving him, Dr. Drew Pinsky and London's wife, Melissa Cunningham, who was simultaneously being treated for addiction herself at a separate wing of the Center.^[3] His father, Frank, also appeared in Episode 7, which was filmed during Family Day, in which the patients discussed the effect of addiction on their family relationships.^[10]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Jeremy London at the Internet Movie Database