Look up foundation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Foundation commonly refers to:

• Foundation (engineering), the lowest and supporting layer of a structure
• Foundation (non-profit), a type of organization

Foundation may also refer to:

Literature[link]

• Foundation series, a series of science fiction books by Isaac Asimov
  • Foundation (novel), the first book in the series
• Foundation – The International Review of Science Fiction, a literary journal
• Foundation (b-boy book), by Joseph G. Schloss
• Foundation, a novel by Mercedes Lackey in the Collegium Chronicles series

Music[link]

• The Foundations, a British soul group
• Foundation (Brand Nubian album)
• Foundation (Breakage album)
• Foundation (Doc Watson album)
• Foundation (Magnum album)
• Foundation (M.O.P. album)
• The Foundation (Geto Boys album)
• The Foundation (Zac Brown Band album)
• "Foundations" (song), by Kate Nash
• "The Foundation" (song), by Xzibit

Academics[link]

• Foundation Stage, a stage of education for children aged 3 to 5 in England.
• Foundation degree, a British academic qualification
• Foundation school, a type of school in England and Wales
• University Foundation Programme, a British university entrance course

Other uses[link]

• Foundation (evidence), a legal term
• Foundation (cosmetics)
• The Foundation (TV series)
• "The Foundation" (Seinfeld)
• FOUNDATION fieldbus, a communications system
• Foundation Kit, an Apple API

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Kate Nash
Kate Nash in 2010
Background information
Birth name	Kate Marie Nash
Born	(1987-07-06) 6 July 1987 (age 24) Harrow, London, England[1]
Genres	Indie pop, indie rock
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, synth, keyboard, bass, drums
Years active	2006–present
Labels	Fiction Island Def Jam Ireland Moshi Moshi Universal-Island
Associated acts	The Receeders Ryan Jarman SUPERCUTE!, Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players Jason Trachtenburg, Kano
Website	www.katenash.co.uk

Kate Marie Nash^[2] (born 6 July 1987) is an English^[3] singer, songwriter, and musician.^[4] She had a UK no. 2 hit "Foundations" in 2007, followed by the platinum selling UK number 1 album Made of Bricks. She was named Best Female Artist at the 2008 BRIT Awards.

Her second studio album, entitled My Best Friend Is You was released in the United Kingdom on 19 April 2010 and in the U.S. on 11 May 2010, and spawned her second biggest chart hit to date "Do-Wah-Doo".^[5]

Currently, she is signed to The Island Def Jam Motown Ireland Group.

Early life[link]

Nash was born on 6 July 1987 in Harrow, London^[6][7] to an English father, Steven Nash, and an Irish mother, Marie (née Walsh), who is a nurse in a hospice.^{[8][9][10][11]} Nash became interested in music as a child and learned how to play the piano at Sandbach School. She was raised Roman Catholic attended St. John Fisher School (in Pinner) and moved onto the St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth. Additionally, she was taught guitar by teacher Saskia van Berkel and studied Theatre at the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in South London. Furthermore, she auditioned at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School but was rejected. In the following days, she fell down a flight of stairs, breaking her foot. During her recovery she was housebound and unable to move, so her mother bought her an electric guitar. Nash used this time to focus on her songwriting: she began to write some new songs, finish old ones and decided that she would book a gig at a local bar in Harrow called Trinity on Station Road for herself, to showcase her songs.^{[citation needed]}

Music career[link]

Nash in 2006

"Caroline's a Victim" (2005-2006)[link]

Nash started her career in 2005. After several gigs, she uploaded her music to MySpace. She found a manager for herself before seeking producers for her music. Nash's debut was a single, "Caroline's a Victim" / "Birds", produced and recorded in Iceland by Valgeir Sigurðsson and released through Moshi Moshi Records in February 2007. The release was limited to 1,000 copies, and was available on only 7" vinyl. Due to demand, another 1,000 copies were made and sold out. CD-promo copies were produced for distribution to the press and DJs etc., and are occasionally available for sale. It is featured on the CD Moshi Moshi Singles Compilation. A video for the song was released, directed by Kinga Burza, and received airplay on MTV2. The B-side, "Birds", later featured on her début album, Made of Bricks. Both tracks have also been released as MP3 downloads.

[edit] Made of Bricks (2007-2009)

In April 2007, Nash was signed to the Polydor offshoot Fiction Records.^[12] Nash's second single and first through Fiction Records, "Foundations", which she co-wrote with producer Paul Epworth, was released on 18 June 2007 and reached number two in the official UK Singles Chart. Following "Foundations", Fiction announced plans to bring forward the release of Nash's debut album to 6 August 2007. The album, Made of Bricks, produced by Paul Epworth, included many of the tracks she had been performing on her two nationwide tours.

The album was leaked to filesharing networks days before its commercial release, and received mixed reviews, with The Independent describing it as being in "pole position for worst album of the year."^[13] The album, however, was commercially successful and reached number 1 in the UK album charts.^[14]

During mid-2007, Nash performed at numerous festivals including Wireless Festival, Bestival, Electric Gardens, Glastonbury, Latitude, Reading and Leeds, Oxegen and T in the Park. She made her official TV performance début on Later with Jools Holland.

Throughout late 2007 and early 2008, she released three more singles from the album. "Mouthwash" and "Pumpkin Soup" both made the Top 40 in the UK Singles Chart, and although fifth single "Merry Happy" didn't chart well in the United Kingdom, the song received limited success in other countries including the US and Canada. The album topped out at the number 36 position on the United States Billboard 200 chart on 26 January 2008.^[15] In 2010 Made of Bricks was certified Gold in Germany.^[16]

[edit] My Best Friend Is You (2009-2011)

Nash performing in May 2010

In late March 2009, Nash revealed that she was in the early stages of recording her second album. She was introduced by her boyfriend Ryan Jarman to Bernard Butler, the producer for Duffy's debut album Rockferry and a former guitarist for Suede. He began working with Nash, working in the studio with her over a period of months and producing her second album.^[17] In August 2009, the pair worked on eight songs at RAK Studios for the album.^[18]

On 14 January 2010, Nash revealed that the second album was complete. On 11 February, a song from the album, "I Just Love You More", was available to download free from her official website.^[19]

On 11 March 2010, Nash announced her nine-date North American tour that began on 26 April with the all-female travelling festival Lilith Fair to promote her new album My Best Friend Is You. Her opening act was Supercute!, a psychedelic pop teen girl trio from New York City.^[20][21][22] She is also scheduled to take part in the 2010 V Festival.^[23]

The first single from the album was called "Do-Wah-Doo", and was released on 12 April 2010. The album was released on 20 April. The sound was described as completely different from her debut album and having a "Girl Group" sound, taking influence from Motown stars such as Diana Ross and The Supremes. Nash explained that maturity is the reason for the change in musical style.^[24] The album has been described as having a wide variety of sounds from wall of sound, Motown to No Wave and Riot Grrrl.^[25][26][27] As of 11 May, the album was number 6 in Germany and number 16 in Europe.^[28] As of 27 May, the album was at number 62 in the United States.^[29]

On 24 February 2011, her concerts in Circo Voador, Rio de Janeiro and in HSBC Hall, São Paulo were the first contact with her Brazilian fans. It was so intense that Nash has said on stage "Here (Rio de Janeiro) was the happiest place I have ever been. You are beautiful, incredible" and promised a return soon.^[30] On her Twitter, she finally declared "Rio, you're just too good to be true. I must be dreaming. Thanks for giving me the best concert of my life".^[31]

Third studio album (2012-present)[link]

On 2 May 2012, Nash announced the "Faster Pussycat Run Run Tour", which will she her play 12 shows across the UK throughout June 2012.^[32] Her third studio album will be released later in the year.^[33] She will also star in two feature films this year, details of which are yet to be announced.^[33]

Other music career activities[link]

Nash performing in June 2007

Nash co-wrote a song titled "Almost Isn’t (Good Enough) Is It?" with Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players member Jason Trachtenburg for his 2009 album File Under Pop Male Vocal.^[34]

As a side project in late 2009, she joined a punk band called The Receders where she plays bass.^[24] On 17 December 2009, the band played a live gig on the stage of 93 Feet East.^[35] Nash likes to refer to the band as her "side project" as she says for 2010 she will be mainly focusing on her solo material. Her music was used as part of an exhibition at the British Library tracing the history of Cockney English. The exhibition, which runs from 12 November 2010 through 11 April 2011, uses Nash's music to demonstrate today's younger urban mode of Cockney English.^[36]

On 23 March 2010 Nash, a founding director of the Featured Artists Coalition, a musicians' lobbying group,^[37][38] launched the Kate Nash's Rock n Roll for Girls After-School Music Club as a platform to inspire teenage girls to get into songwriting and making their own music, due to the shortage of female artists in the UK- something that shocked and motivated Nash the previous year. On her UK tour of 2011, Nash visited schools such as City of Portsmouth Girls' School, Woodchurch High School, Avonbourne High School and John Madejski Academy.^[39]

Nash has worked with the teen indie pop band, SUPERCUTE!, producing their first album.^[40] Nash also appeared in the band's music video for their first single, "Dumb-Dumbs". Nash has also worked with indie act Brigitte Aphrodite (who has toured with Kate on many occasions) on Nash's label 'Have 10p Records', releasing Aphrodite's début single 'I Dream Myself Awake' in 2011.

Nash has recently recorded and written a song with the St. Pauls Cathedral Protesters with Sam Duckworth of Get Cape, Wear Cape, Fly.

Willow Smith tweeted in April 2012, "So cool meeting @katenash today. Can't wait to work together!" along with a photograph of the pair. Kate then tweeted back confirming the pair would be meeting again the following Friday.

Personal life[link]

In 2008, following intensive touring Nash had what she described as a "proper breakdown". Nash experienced a relapse of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which she had a mild case of as a child.^[8] She has railed against the anemic model figure, noting in an interview with the Daily Telegraph that she herself is a "curvy size 12."^[41]

On 2 September 2009, Nash began using her MySpace and Facebook pages to help spread the word of a young girl called Tilly who lost her hands due to meningococcal disease. She used an auction on eBay to help donate money to the five-year-old girl's parents so that she can afford to have her own pair of hands.^[42]

During the 2011 England riots, Nash volunteered to collect donations for those made homeless by riots in Tottenham, setting up her own public donation stand and delivering donations to Tottenham Leisure Centre in her red car.^[43]

It was announced in March 2012 that Nash and her long-term boyfriend, Ryan Jarman of The Cribs, had split up after a 5 year relationship and Jarman had moved back to his hometown of Wakefield. He said; “I’m a single guy now, which I didn’t expect to be on the cards, but everything happens for a reason.”

Nash has made appearances in two films due to be released in 2012, as well as a short horror film which has appeared on several websites online.

Discography[link]

• Made of Bricks (2007)
• My Best Friend Is You (2010)

Awards and nominations[link]

On February 20, 2008, she received a BRIT Award for Best Female artist.^[44]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kate Nash

External links[link]

• Official Kate Nash website
• Photos of her concert in Paris in 2010

Jack Dorsey
Dorsey at the 2012 Time 100 Gala.
Born	(1976-11-19) November 19, 1976 (age 35)[1] St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Residence	San Francisco, California, U.S.
Occupation	software designer, entrepreneur
Net worth	$650 million (est.) [2]

Jack Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American software architect and businessman widely known as the creator of Twitter and as the founder and CEO of Square, a mobile payments company.^[3] In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[4]

Early years[link]

Dorsey grew up in St. Louis, Missouri,^[5] and by age 13, he had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by many taxi cab companies.^[5] He went to high school at Bishop DuBourg High School and attended the Missouri University of Science and Technology before subsequently transferring to New York University, where he first conceived the idea for Twitter.^[6]

While working on dispatching as a programmer he later moved to California.^[7][8]

Biz Stone and Dorsey accepting a Crunchie award for best mobile startup

In Oakland in 2000, Dorsey started his company to dispatch couriers, taxis, and emergency services from the Web.^[9] His other projects and ideas at this time included networks of medical devices and a "frictionless service market".^[9] In July 2000, building on dispatching^[5] and inspired in part by LiveJournal and possibly by AOL Instant Messenger, he had the idea for a Web-based realtime status/short message communication service.^[9]

When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey had wondered if the software's user status output could be shared among friends easily.^[5] He approached Odeo, who at the time happened to be interested in text messaging.^[5] Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks.^[5] The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams^[5] who had left Google after selling them Pyra Labs and Blogger.

Twitter, Inc.[link]

Dorsey in 2008.

Dorsey at a Twitter Town Hall during 2011 alongside United States President Barack Obama.

Dorsey, Stone, and Williams co-founded Obvious which then spun off Twitter, Inc.^[5] As chief executive officer, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by the venture capitalists who backed the company.^[10] On October 16, 2008^[11] Williams took over the role of CEO, and Dorsey became chairman of the board.^[12] On March 28, 2011, Dorsey returned to Twitter as Executive Chairman.^[13]

As the service grew in popularity, Dorsey chose improving uptime as top priority,^[14] even over creating revenue – which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn.^[15] Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features.^[15] His three guiding principles, which are shared by the whole company and through its culture, are simplicity, constraint and craftsmanship.^[15]

Square, Inc.[link]

This section requires expansion.

Dorsey developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit cards on a mobile device called Square. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to give to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS.^[16]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jack Dorsey

• Jack Dorsey on Twitter

v t e Twitter Clients List of Twitter services and applications Echofon HootSuite Mixero Pwytter Plume Seesmic SimplyTweet Tween TweetCaster TweetDeck Tweetie Twitdom Twitterrific UberTwitter Executives Jack Dorsey (executive chairman) Evan Williams (director) Biz Stone (creative officer) Dick Costolo (CEO) Board Jack Dorsey Dick Costolo Evan Williams Peter Fenton Mike McCue David Rosenblatt Peter Currie Software FlockDB Kestrel Starling Other Twitter usage Favstar Gnip Golden Tweet Award Shorty Awards TwitPic

Ian Somerhalder
Born	Ian Joseph Somerhalder (1978-12-08) December 8, 1978 (age 33) Covington, Louisiana, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, model
Years active	1997–present

Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American actor and model, best known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in the TV drama The Vampire Diaries.

Early life[link]

Somerhalder was born and raised in Covington, Louisiana, the son of Edna, a massage therapist, and Robert Somerhalder, an independent building contractor.^[1] Raised Catholic, he attended St. Paul's, a private Catholic school in Covington. He embarked on a modeling career from age 10 to 13,^[2] and by the age of 17 he decided to go into acting.

Career[link]

Paul Wesley, Nina Dobrev and Ian Somerhalder

In the summer of 2000, Somerhalder starred in the short-lived WB series Young Americans, a spin-off of Dawson's Creek. He played Hamilton Fleming, the son of the dean of a prestigious boarding school. In 2002, Somerhalder played bisexual character Paul Denton in Roger Avary's adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis' novel, The Rules of Attraction, alongside James Van Der Beek, Shannyn Sossamon, and Jessica Biel.

In 2004, Somerhalder scored his breakthrough role when he played Boone Carlyle in the hit TV show Lost. Despite his character's death in the twentieth episode of the first season, Somerhalder returned to the role of Boone for seven more episodes between 2005 and 2010, including the series finale. Somerhalder was the first actor to be cast in a role for the series and the first character to die.

In 2009, Somerhalder appeared in the movie The Tournament where he played the role of an assassin participating in a lethal competition with other assassins. On 10 October 2009, it was announced that he will star in the Gothic movie Cradlewood, which is to be directed by Harry Weinmann.^[3] The movie is set to be released in 2013.^[4] He appears in the coffee table book About Face by celebrity photographer John Russo.^[5][6]

In June 2009 Somerhalder was cast in the role of Vampire Damon Salvatore as a series regular in The CW television drama series The Vampire Diaries. The series premiere attracted The CW's highest premiere ratings of any season premiere since the network began in 2006. The series has continued to be the highest rated series on its channel with both Somerhalder's performance and show receiving a positive response from critics. Somerhalder has received a Teen Choice Award for his participation on the series. The shows third and most recent season premiered on September 15, 2011.^[7]

Personal life[link]

While working on The Vampire Diaries, Somerhalder began dating his co-star Nina Dobrev.^[8]

Philanthropy[link]

Somerhalder was involved in the cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling disaster on April 22, 2010. His efforts included cleaning of oiled wildlife and taping public service announcements to let the public know how they could help.^[9] Somerhalder also supports the St. Tammany Humane Society, an organization for animal shelter and welfare. On November 13, 2010, he hosted a Bash on the Bayou charity fundraiser for the Society. During the event, Somerhalder was presented with a donation of $11,100 by The Vampire Diaries fandom for his birthday project.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Together with his The Vampire Diaries co-stars Candice Accola and Michael Trevino, Somerhalder supports the It Gets Better Project, which makes it a goal to prevent suicide among LGBT youth^[14] associated with The Trevor Project.^[15]

Somerhalder announced, via Twitter and in various interviews that he was setting up The Ian Somerhalder Foundation (launched on December 8, 2010, Somerhalder's 32nd birthday), which he hopes will educate people on the importance of protecting the environment and animals: "Instead of gifts this year, my birthday wish is that we come together and raise funds to support projects that protect our habitat and nurture our furry friends.^[16][17]

Filmography[link]

Awards[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ian Somerhalder

• Ian Somerhalder at the Internet Movie Database
• Ian Somerhalder on Twitter