The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com:80/Malpaso_Productions
Tuesday, 30 October 2012
Jregs Productions Episode 1: Dirty Harry (Movie Review)
I will never forget you, Grandma.
J Edgar - Teaser Trailer Subtitulado FULL HD & H.264 BLU RAY
Clint Eastwood 35 films 35 years dvd review
Hang 'em High 02.avi
iThank you, Steve
Beast Sound Effect Placement Experiment (Heartbreak Ridge)
1993 - Unforgiven / Los Imperdonables / Sin Perdón
Hang 'em High 01.avi
Invictus (Warner Bros. Pictures) Release Date: 12.11.09
Clint Eastwood: The Man from Malpaso
Clint Eastwood 35 Films 35 Years

Malpaso Productions

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Jregs Productions Episode 1: Dirty Harry (Movie Review)
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:37
  • Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Hey, I'm Josh (Jregs). This is my first film review of the 1971 classic, Dirty Harry. Leave comments and subscribe! Enjoy. Disclaimer: I do not own any of this material. All credit goes to Warner Bros. and Malpaso Productions
published: 17 Apr 2011
author: Josh Grega
views: 315
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Jregs Productions Episode 1: Dirty Harry (Movie Review)
I will never forget you, Grandma.
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:52
  • Updated: 29 Aug 2012
"There is a place no one else can go. That place is your heart." My grandma died 3 years ago. I'll never forget her, guys. Music (C) 2006 Malpaso Productions Clint Eastwood "Flags Of Our Fathers" Soundtrack Poetry is by Joanna Fuchs www.poemsource.com
published: 12 Sep 2008
author: dzpisx
views: 3554
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/I will never forget you, Grandma.
J Edgar - Teaser Trailer Subtitulado FULL HD & H.264 BLU RAY
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:39
  • Updated: 19 Sep 2012
© Imagine Entertainment, Malpaso Productions, Wintergreen Productions and Warner Bros. Pictures - All Rights Reserved. FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com TWITTER: twitter.com GÉNERO: DRAMA Sinopsis: Durante su vida, J. Edgar Hoover se elevaría a ser el hombre más poderoso de América. Como jefe de la Oficina Federal de Investigaciones durante casi 50 años, que no se detendría ante nada para proteger a su país. A través de ocho presidentes y tres guerras, Hoover libró la batalla contra las amenazas reales o percibidas, a veces romper las reglas para mantener seguras a sus compatriotas. Sus métodos eran a la vez implacable y heroico, con la admiración del mundo, lo más codiciado, si alguna vez difícil de alcanzar, el premio. Hoover era un hombre que puso un gran valor a los secretos - sobre todo las de los demás - y no tenía miedo a usar esa información para ejercer su autoridad sobre las principales figuras de la nación. Entendiendo que el conocimiento es poder y el miedo representa la oportunidad, se utiliza tanto para ganar influencia y sin precedentes para construir una reputación de que era a la vez temible e intocable. Fue protegido como en su vida privada como lo fue en su único público, permitiendo que sólo un pequeño círculo de protección y en su confianza. Su compañero más cercano, Clyde Tolson, era también su compañero constante. Su secretaria, Helen Gandy, quien fue tal vez lo más al tanto de los diseños de Hoover, se mantuvo fiel hasta el final ... y más allá. Sólo ...
published: 06 Oct 2011
views: 480
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/J Edgar - Teaser Trailer Subtitulado FULL HD & H.264 BLU RAY
Clint Eastwood 35 films 35 years dvd review
  • Order:
  • Duration: 8:30
  • Updated: 01 Sep 2012
Here'smy review for Clint Eastwood 35 films 35 years please enjoy. Property of Warner Bros. and Malpaso Productions.
published: 13 Jul 2010
author: Spudgurius83
views: 798
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Clint Eastwood 35 films 35 years dvd review
Hang 'em High 02.avi
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:34
  • Updated: 26 Aug 2012
The Six Man Hanging Sequence from later in the film Hang 'em High is owned by United Artists, Malpaso Productions, and not me
published: 19 May 2012
views: 795
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Hang 'em High 02.avi
iThank you, Steve
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:09
  • Updated: 11 Sep 2012
A personal heartfelt Thank You to Steve Jobs, the man who touched and changed so many lives, including our own. Music: "Marie and George", written by Clint Eastwood, from the Original Motion Picture Score "Hereafter". Courtesy Malpaso Productions. Pixar logo courtesy Pixar Studios. End icon: Designed by and courtesy Jonathan Mak. Created on an iMac using iMovie.
published: 07 Oct 2011
views: 593
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/iThank you, Steve
Beast Sound Effect Placement Experiment (Heartbreak Ridge)
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:25
  • Updated: 08 Oct 2012
This is a clip from Heartbreak Ridge during the combat scene...After Highway was downed...Jones was checking on him and so on and so forth... Sound placement represents my belief that The Undertaker is WWE's Clint Eastwood....and Clint is the original "Dead Man." So I put Undertaker's bell toll effect in there accordingly. This is a short clip containing media from two sources released into public domain. This is not meant to infringe on copyright of James Johnston, World Wrestling Entertainment (2008). Clint Eastwood, Malpaso Productions (1986). Only meant for the enjoyment and laughter of anyone who agrees that this sound effect placement is SPOT ON! Enjoy.
published: 19 Sep 2011
views: 1042
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Beast Sound Effect Placement Experiment (Heartbreak Ridge)
1993 - Unforgiven / Los Imperdonables / Sin Perdón
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:56
  • Updated: 23 Oct 2012
1993 - Unforgiven Directed by Clint Eastwood Produced by Clint Eastwood Written by David Webb Peoples Starring Clint Eastwood Gene Hackman Morgan Freeman Richard Harris Music by Lennie Niehaus Cinematography Jack N. Green Editing by Joel Cox Studio Malpaso Productions Distributed by Warner Bros. Release date(s) August 7, 1992 Running time 131 minutes Country United States
published: 29 Apr 2012
author: credmaog
views: 3567
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/1993 - Unforgiven / Los Imperdonables / Sin Perdón
Hang 'em High 01.avi
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:46
  • Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Clint Eastwood is hanged but survives in the opening to the classic western. Hang 'em High is owned by United Artists and Malpaso Productions and not me.
published: 19 May 2012
views: 179
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Hang 'em High 01.avi
Invictus (Warner Bros. Pictures) Release Date: 12.11.09
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:33
  • Updated: 12 Sep 2012
Invictus (also known as The Human Factor) is an upcoming 2009 feature film based on Nelson Mandela's life during the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa. Directed by Clint Eastwood, the film stars Morgan Freeman as the then South African President Mandela, and Matt Damon as Francois Pienaar, the South African team captain. The story is based on the John Carlin book Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Changed a Nation. The film is due for release on December 11, 2009, and is already considered a "front-runner" for several Academy Awards. ------------------------------------------------------------ Directed by: Clint Eastwood Produced by: Clint Eastwood, Lori McCreary, Robert Lorenz, Mace Neufeld Written by: (Screenplay: Anthony Peckham), (Book: John Carlin) Starring: Matt Damon, Morgan Freeman Cinematography: Tom Stern Editing by: Joel Cox, Gary D. Roach Studio: Spyglass Entertainment, Revelations Entertainment, Malpaso Productions Distributed by: Warner Bros. Pictures Release date(s): December 11, 2009 Country: United States Language: English Budget: $50 million
published: 08 Nov 2009
views: 1028
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Invictus (Warner Bros. Pictures) Release Date: 12.11.09
Clint Eastwood: The Man from Malpaso
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:40
  • Updated: 24 Sep 2012
www.janson.com Catapulted to international prominence by Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Westerns, Clint Eastwood leapt from TV lead to world-class movie star. Then with Dirty Harry came super-stardom. But even that was not enough.
published: 01 Nov 2007
author: jansonmedia
views: 6288
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Clint Eastwood: The Man from Malpaso
Clint Eastwood 35 Films 35 Years
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:03
  • Updated: 15 Oct 2010
Hollywood icon and legend Clint Eastwood has touched generations of filmgoers for over half a century. In honor of Eastwood's longstanding 35-year relationship with Warner Bros through Malpaso Productions, WHV is releasing this definitive DVD collection containing 34 classic Clint Eastwood films from the Warner library and highlighting the breadth and depth of his work -- from Where Eagles Dare through Gran Torino.
published: 15 Oct 2010
author: brandanzhong
views: 451
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Clint Eastwood 35 Films 35 Years
2005 - Million Dolar Baby / Golpes del Destino
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:26
  • Updated: 10 Aug 2012
2005 - Million Dolar Baby Directed by Clint Eastwood Produced by Clint Eastwood Albert S. Ruddy Tom Rosenberg Gary Lucchesi Screenplay by Paul Haggis Story by FX Toole Narrated by Morgan Freeman Starring Clint Eastwood Hilary Swank Morgan Freeman Music by Clint Eastwood Cinematography Tom Stern Editing by Joel Cox Studio Lakeshore Entertainment Malpaso Productions Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Release date(s) December 15, 2004 (Limited) January 28, 2005 Running time 132 minutes Country United States Language English
published: 29 Apr 2012
author: credmaog
views: 201
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/2005 - Million Dolar Baby / Golpes del Destino
Trouble With The Curve (Movie Trailer) 2012
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:23
  • Updated: 21 Sep 2012
"STAR TRAILERS" FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com Official Movie Website : troublewiththecurve.warnerbros.com In Movie Theaters: September 21, 2012 Nationwide Directed by: Robert Lorenz Starring: Clint Eastwood, Amy Adams, Justin Timberlake, John Goodman, Robert Patrick, Scott Eastwood Distributed by: Warner Bros. Pictures Produced by: Malpaso Productions MPAA Rating: PG-13 for language, sexual references, some thematic material and smoking. Genres: Drama Sports Synopsis: Gus Lobel (Clint Eastwood) has been one of the best scouts in baseball for decades, but, despite his efforts to hide it, age is starting to catch up with him. Nevertheless, Gus--who can tell a pitch just by the crack of the bat--refuses to be benched for what may be the final innings of his career. He may not have a choice. The front office of the Atlanta Braves is starting to question his judgment, especially with the country's hottest batting phenom on deck for the draft. The one person who might be able to help is also the one person Gus would never ask: his daughter, Mickey (Amy Adams), an associate at a high-powered Atlanta law firm whose drive and ambition has put her on the fast track to becoming partner. Against her better judgment, and over Gus's objections, Mickey joins him on his latest scouting trip to North Carolina, jeopardizing her own career to save his. Forced to spend time together for the first time in years, each makes new discoveries--revealing long-held truths about their past and present ...
published: 17 Aug 2012
views: 145
http://web.archive.org./web/20121031041005/http://wn.com/Trouble With The Curve (Movie Trailer) 2012
  • Jregs Productions Episode 1: Dirty Harry (Movie Review)...3:37
  • I will never forget you, Grandma....0:52
  • J Edgar - Teaser Trailer Subtitulado FULL HD & H.264 BLU RAY...2:39
  • Clint Eastwood 35 films 35 years dvd review...8:30
  • Hang 'em High 02.avi...6:34
  • iThank you, Steve...2:09
  • Beast Sound Effect Placement Experiment (Heartbreak Ridge)...0:25
  • 1993 - Unforgiven / Los Imperdonables / Sin Perdón...1:56
  • Hang 'em High 01.avi...6:46
  • Invictus (Warner Bros. Pictures) Release Date: 12.11.09...2:33
  • Clint Eastwood: The Man from Malpaso...2:40
  • Clint Eastwood 35 Films 35 Years...1:03
  • 2005 - Million Dolar Baby / Golpes del Destino...2:26
  • Trouble With The Curve (Movie Trailer) 2012...2:23
Hey, I'm Josh (Jregs). This is my first film review of the 1971 classic, Dirty Harry. Leave comments and subscribe! Enjoy. Disclaimer: I do not own any of this material. All credit goes to Warner Bros. and Malpaso Productions
published: 17 Apr 2011
author: Josh Grega
views: 315
3:37
Jregs Pro­duc­tions Episode 1: Dirty Harry (Movie Re­view)
Hey, I'm Josh (Jregs). This is my first film re­view of the 1971 clas­sic, Dirty Harry. Leav...
pub­lished: 17 Apr 2011
au­thor: Josh Grega
0:52
I will never for­get you, Grand­ma.
"There is a place no one else can go. That place is your heart." My grand­ma died 3 years a...
pub­lished: 12 Sep 2008
au­thor: dzpisx
2:39
J Edgar - Teas­er Trail­er Sub­ti­t­u­la­do FULL HD & H.264 BLU RAY
© Imag­ine En­ter­tain­ment, Mal­pa­so Pro­duc­tions, Win­ter­green Pro­duc­tions and Warn­er Bros. Pic...
pub­lished: 06 Oct 2011
8:30
Clint East­wood 35 films 35 years dvd re­view
Here'smy re­view for Clint East­wood 35 films 35 years please enjoy. Prop­er­ty of Warn­er Bros...
pub­lished: 13 Jul 2010
au­thor: Spudgurius83
6:34
Hang 'em High 02.​avi
The Six Man Hang­ing Se­quence from later in the film Hang 'em High is owned by Unit­ed Artis...
pub­lished: 19 May 2012
au­thor: john­doe741974
2:09
iThank you, Steve
A per­son­al heart­felt Thank You to Steve Jobs, the man who touched and changed so many live...
pub­lished: 07 Oct 2011
0:25
Beast Sound Ef­fect Place­ment Ex­per­i­ment (Heart­break Ridge)
This is a clip from Heart­break Ridge dur­ing the com­bat scene...​After High­way was downed......
pub­lished: 19 Sep 2011
1:56
1993 - Un­for­giv­en / Los Im­per­don­ables / Sin Perdón
1993 - Un­for­giv­en Di­rect­ed by Clint East­wood Pro­duced by Clint East­wood Writ­ten by David W...
pub­lished: 29 Apr 2012
au­thor: cred­maog
6:46
Hang 'em High 01.​avi
Clint East­wood is hanged but sur­vives in the open­ing to the clas­sic west­ern. Hang 'em High...
pub­lished: 19 May 2012
au­thor: john­doe741974
2:33
In­vic­tus (Warn­er Bros. Pic­tures) Re­lease Date: 12.11.09
In­vic­tus (also known as The Human Fac­tor) is an up­com­ing 2009 fea­ture film based on Nel­son...
pub­lished: 08 Nov 2009
2:40
Clint East­wood: The Man from Mal­pa­so
www.​janson.​com Cat­a­pult­ed to in­ter­na­tion­al promi­nence by Ser­gio Leone's Spaghet­ti West­erns...
pub­lished: 01 Nov 2007
au­thor: jan­son­media
1:03
Clint East­wood 35 Films 35 Years
Hol­ly­wood icon and leg­end Clint East­wood has touched gen­er­a­tions of film­go­ers for over hal...
pub­lished: 15 Oct 2010
au­thor: bran­danzhong
2:26
2005 - Mil­lion Dolar Baby / Golpes del Des­ti­no
2005 - Mil­lion Dolar Baby Di­rect­ed by Clint East­wood Pro­duced by Clint East­wood Al­bert S. ...
pub­lished: 29 Apr 2012
au­thor: cred­maog
2:23
Trou­ble With The Curve (Movie Trail­er) 2012
"STAR TRAIL­ERS" FACE­BOOK: www.​facebook.​com Of­fi­cial Movie Web­site : troublewiththecurve.​wa...
pub­lished: 17 Aug 2012
Youtube results:
2:15
Changeling Trail­er
Watch More @ gyoogletube.​com Changeling (2008) Trail­er Movie pre­view A moth­er prays for th...
pub­lished: 12 Sep 2008
2:27
Trail­er de 'J.​Edgar' HD - Sub­ti­t­u­la­do en español.
© Imag­ine En­ter­tain­ment, Mal­pa­so Pro­duc­tions, Win­ter­green Pro­duc­tions and Warn­er Bros. Pic...
pub­lished: 10 Nov 2011
89:37
Th­elo­nious monk Straight No Chas­er
Th­elo­nious Monk: Straight, No Chas­er (1988) is a doc­u­men­tary about the life of Th­elo­nious ...
pub­lished: 04 Apr 2012
au­thor: uz­ibee
2:27
Trail­er de J. Edgar (2012)
Este biopic de J. Edgar Hoover (Leonar­do Di­Caprio) cuen­ta con un guion de Dustin Lance Bla...
pub­lished: 01 Oct 2011
Photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
Mine workers sing a dance during a memorial service at the Lonmin Platinum Mine near Rustenburg, South Africa, Thursday, Aug. 23, 2012. Police shot and killed 34 striking miners and wounded 78 others last week. Demands for higher wages spread to at least two other mines, raising fears of further protests at more South African mines that provide most of the world's platinum.
WorldNews.com
29 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Yesterday while protesting with striking mine workers in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was gunned down by heavily armed security forces. Gandhi, who...



Photo: AP / John Minchillo
Vehicles are submerged on 14th Street near the Consolidated Edison power plant, Monday, Oct. 29, 2012, in New York.
Belfast Telegraph
30 Oct 2012
At least 13 people have been killed in the US and millions are without power after Superstorm Sandy slammed into the New Jersey coastline and hurled a record-breaking 13ft surge of seawater at New...



Photo: AP / Joseph Kaczmarek
Waves crash onto the sea wall protecting homes in Longport, N.J., Sunday, Oct. 28, 2012, as Hurricane Sandy approaches the area.
Xinhua
29 Oct 2012
> • TheUnited Stateson Sunday is bracing for the impact of an incredibly large Hurricane Sandy. • Hurricane Center warned residents of mid-Atlantic coast should expect life-threatening storm surges. •...



Photo: AP / Jacqueline Larma
A fallen tree lies on top of a car in south Philadelphia Tuesday Oct. 30, 2012. Millions of people from Maine to the Carolinas awoke Tuesday without power, and an eerily quiet New York City was all but closed off by car, train and air as superstorm Sandy steamed inland.
Chicago Sun-Times
30 Oct 2012
Updated: October 30, 2012 11:08AM NEW YORKMillions of people from Maine to the Carolinas awoke Tuesday without electricity, and an eerily quiet New York City was all but closed off by car, train...



Photo: AP / Brynn Anderson
Green Party presidential nominee Jill Stein, is transported in restraints to be arrested after a sit-in at a downtown Philadelphia bank over housing foreclosures.
WorldNews.com
30 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling When Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton assumed complete responsibility for the disastrous and deadly attacks on the U.S. diplomatic mission in...





The Washington Post BANGKOK — The cultivation of illegal opium has increased in Myanmar for a sixth successive year, fueled in part by rising demand for heroin across Asia, the United Nations said Wednesday. The upsurge comes despite a government campaign to eradicate the crop from the Southeast Asian nation,...(size: 4.5Kb)
The Washington Post BEIJING — Asian markets gained Wednesday after Wall Street stayed closed for a second day as a hurricane ravaged the East Coast of the United States. Oil edged up in Asian trading but stayed below $86 a barrel as investors waited for U.S. employment data that are expected to show little...(size: 5.3Kb)
ESPN Brendan Rodgers is confident that Liverpool midfielder Joe Allen will get a good reception from Swansea's fans when he faces his former club in the Capital One Cup on Wednesday. GettyImagesBrendan Rodgers has been impressed with Joe Allen's performances this season • • Allen, a product of the...(size: 2.4Kb)
CNBC For John Selldorff, the best news of the day was that his employees were safe and the power was back on at his company’s factory in Fairfield, N.J. But all around the plant, electricity and phone service were still out — and the manager responsible for that part of the business couldn’t get out of...(size: 21.9Kb)
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Business Highlights 31 Oct 2012
The Wichita Eagle --- Storm's cost may hit $50 billion; rebuilding to ease blow WASHINGTON (AP) - Superstorm Sandy will end up causing about $20 billion in property damages and $10 billion to $30 billion more in lost business, according to IHS Global Insight, a forecasting firm. In the long run the devastation the...(size: 7.9Kb)
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Detroit Free Press PITTSBURGH — The most devastating storm in decades to hit the country's most densely populated region upended man and nature as it rolled back the clock on 21st-century lives, cutting off modern communication and leaving millions without power Tuesday as thousands who fled their water-menaced homes...(size: 9.4Kb)
Houston Chronicle By Matthew Tresaugue | Tuesday, October 30, 2012 | Updated: Tuesday, October 30, 2012 10:28pm Comments (0) E-mail Print...(size: 17.1Kb)
The State BANGKOK — The cultivation of illegal opium has increased in Myanmar for a sixth successive year, fueled in part by rising demand for heroin across Asia, the United Nations said Wednesday. The upsurge comes despite a government campaign to eradicate the crop from the Southeast Asian nation, which...(size: 2.9Kb)
Malpaso Productions
Type Private
Industry Film
Founder(s) Irving Leonard
Clint Eastwood
Headquarters

Burbank, California

United States
Key people Clint Eastwood
Robert Lorenz
David Valdes
Fritz Manes
Robert Daley
Products Motion pictures
Services Film production
This article is part of a series on
Clint Eastwood
Background · 1960s · 1970s · 1980s · 1990s · 2000s · Politics · Personal life · Awards and honors · Filmography · Discography · Malpaso Productions

Malpaso Productions, originally known as The Malpaso Company, is Clint Eastwood's production company. It was established in 1967 by Eastwood's financial adviser Irving Leonard for the film Hang 'Em High, using profits from the Dollars trilogy. Leonard had served as President of the Malpaso Company until his death in December 1969.

Contents

History[link]

The name is derived from Malpaso Creek, located south of Carmel, California, where Eastwood has spent much of his life. The name "Malpaso" is Spanish for "bad pass" or "bad step." When Eastwood agreed to take the role of the Man with No Name, his agent told him that it would be a "bad step" for his career. After the Dollars Trilogy made it big and Eastwood decided to run his own production company, he thought "Malpaso" would be an appropriately ironic choice.[1]

The company is known for being efficiently run, with movies being filmed in much less time than most production companies.[2]

Filmography[link]

The Malpaso Company[link]

Malpaso Productions[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ "Clint Eastwood". The Biography Channel. http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/53:172/2/Clint_Eastwood.htm. Retrieved June 11, 2008. 
  2. ^ Edward Buscombe (1999). The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press. pp. 472–473. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Malpaso_Productions

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Malpaso Productions

http://pt.wn.com/Malpaso Productions

http://es.wn.com/Malpaso Productions




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpaso_Productions

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


"Never Forget You"
File:Mariah Carey - Never Forget You.jpg
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Music Box
B-side "Without You"
Released February 22, 1994 (1994-02-22)
Format CD single, cassette single, 7" single, 12" maxi single
Genre Pop, R&B
Length 3:46
Label Columbia
Writer(s) Mariah Carey, Babyface
Producer Babyface, Mariah Carey, Daryl Simmons
Certification Gold (U.S.)
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Hero"
(1993)
"Never Forget You"
/
"Without You"
(1994)
"Anytime You Need a Friend"
(1994)

"Never Forget You" is a pop/R&B slow jam song written by American singer Mariah Carey and Babyface, produced by Carey, Babyface and Daryl Simmons for Carey's third album Music Box (1993). It was released as the third single from Music Box in the first quarter of 1994, as a double A-side with a cover of Badfinger's "Without You." There was no music video commissioned for the album version or any of the remixes, making it Carey's first commercially released single not to be accompanied by a video.

Contents

Chart performance[link]

At the time of the single's release in the U.S. as "Without You & Never Forget You," Billboard magazine's rules allowed double-sided singles to chart together as one entry on the singles chart. The song that would pick up the most airplay and/or sales for the respective chart would be listed as the A-side. On the U.S. pop charts, it was listed as "Without You/Never Forget You" and reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100, remaining in the top forty for 21 weeks.

The maxi-single of "Never Forget You" was only released in the United States and promoted to Urban radio audiences, charting as the A-side when it appeared on the R&B charts. As "Never Forget You/Without You," it reached the top ten on Billboard's Hot R&B Singles chart primarily due to sales, and the RIAA certified it gold.

Remixes and other versions[link]

Jermaine Dupri's R&B remixes of the song are included on its maxi-single release. A radio edit, an extended version and the instrumental version of the remix replace Babyface's original production with a new, pulsating synthetic R&B rhythm. The instrumental version was used on Carey's episode of MTV Cribs.

The song has been covered by a Japanese R&B singer Double and is featured on her greatest hits album 10 Years Best: We R&B.

Tracklist[link]

U.S. CD maxi-single

  1. "Never Forget You" (radio edit) – 3:38
  2. "Never Forget You" (extended) – 5:19
  3. "Never Forget You" (album version) – 3:48
  4. "Never Forget You" (instrumental) – 3:35
  5. "Without You" (album version) – 3:33

Charts[link]

Peak positions[link]

Chart (1994) Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[1] 3
U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs[1] 7

End of year charts[link]

End of year chart (1994) Position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[2] 16

Sales and certifications[link]

Provider Sales Certification
United States 500,000+ Gold

References[link]

http://wn.com/Never_Forget_You

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Never Forget You

http://pt.wn.com/Never Forget You

http://de.wn.com/Never Forget You

http://it.wn.com/Never Forget You (Mariah Carey)

http://es.wn.com/Never Forget You (canción de Mariah Carey)

http://pl.wn.com/Never Forget You




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Forget_You

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Clint Eastwood
A headshot of an older man is looking to the left while smiling
Eastwood at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival
Born Clinton Eastwood, Jr.
(1930-05-31) May 31, 1930 (age 82)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Nationality American
Occupation Actor, director, producer, and composer
Years active 1955–present
Spouse Maggie Johnson (1953–84; two children)
Dina Ruiz (1996–present; one child)
Children Kimber Tunis
Kyle Eastwood
Alison Eastwood
Scott Reeves
Kathryn Reeves
Francesca Fisher-Eastwood
Morgan Eastwood
This article is part of a series on
Clint Eastwood
Background · 1960s · 1970s · 1980s · 1990s · 2000s · Politics · Personal life · Awards and honors · Filmography · Discography · Malpaso Productions

Clinton "Clint" Eastwood, Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American film actor, director, producer, composer and politician. Eastwood first came to prominence as a supporting cast member in the TV series Rawhide (1959–1965). He rose to fame for playing the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti westerns (A Fistful of Dollars, For a Few Dollars More, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly) during the late 1960s, and as Harry Callahan in the Dirty Harry films (Dirty Harry, Magnum Force, The Enforcer, Sudden Impact, and The Dead Pool) throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These roles, among others, have made him an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.[1][2]

For his work in the films Unforgiven (1992) and Million Dollar Baby (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Producer of the Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor. These films in particular, as well as others including Play Misty for Me (1971), Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974), The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), Escape from Alcatraz (1979), Tightrope (1984), Pale Rider (1985), Heartbreak Ridge (1986), In the Line of Fire (1993), The Bridges of Madison County (1995), and Gran Torino (2008), have all received commercial success and critical acclaim. Eastwood's only comedies have been Every Which Way but Loose (1978) and its sequel Any Which Way You Can (1980), which are his two most commercially successful films after adjustment for inflation.

In addition to directing most of his own star vehicles, Eastwood has also directed films in which he did not appear, such as Mystic River (2003) and Letters from Iwo Jima (2006), for which he received Academy Award nominations, and Changeling (2008). He has received considerable critical praise in France, including for several films which were not well received in the United States, and he has been awarded two of France's highest honors: in 1994, the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres medal, and in 2007 the Légion d'honneur medal. In 2000, he was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement.

Since 1967, Eastwood has run his own production company, Malpaso, which has produced all except four of his American films. He also served as the nonpartisan mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, from 1986 to 1988. Eastwood has seven children by five women, although he has only married twice.

Contents

Early life[link]

Eastwood was born in San Francisco to Clinton Eastwood, Sr. (1906–70), a steelworker and migrant worker, and Margaret Ruth (née Runner; 1909–2006), a factory worker.[3] He was nicknamed "Samson" by the hospital nurses as he weighed 11 pounds 6 ounces (5.2 kg) at birth.[4][5][6] After his father died in 1970, Eastwood's mother remarried to John Belden Wood (1913–2004) in 1972, and they remained married until his death 32 years later.[7] Eastwood is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry[3][8] and was raised in a middle class home with his younger sister, Jean (born 1934).[9][10] His family relocated often as his father worked at different jobs along the West Coast, including at a pulp mill.[11][12] The family settled in Piedmont, California, where Eastwood attended Piedmont Junior High School and Piedmont Senior High School, taking part in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, and competitive swimming.[13] He later transferred to Oakland Technical High School where the drama teachers encouraged him to enroll in school plays, but he was not interested. As his family moved to different areas he held a series of jobs including lifeguard, paper carrier, grocery clerk, forest firefighter, and golf caddy.[14]

In 1950, Eastwood began a one-year stint as a lifeguard for the United States Army during the Korean War[15] and was posted to Fort Ord in California.[16] While on leave in 1951 Eastwood was a passenger onboard a Douglas AD bomber that ran out of fuel and crashed into the ocean near Point Reyes.[17][18] After escaping from the sinking aircraft he and the pilot swam 3 miles (5 km) to safety.[19]

Career[link]

Early work[link]

Publicity photo for Rawhide, 1961

According to the CBS press release for Rawhide, Universal Studios (then known as Universal-International) was shooting in Fort Ord when an assistant noticed Eastwood and arranged for him to meet the series' director.[20] According to Eastwood's official biography, a man named Chuck Hill was instrumental in securing employment for Eastwood at Universal;[20] Hill, who had contacts in Hollywood, managed to sneak Eastwood into one of Universal's studios, where he showed him to cameraman Irving Glassberg.[20] Glassberg arranged for Eastwood to have an audition with Arthur Lubin who, although impressed with Eastwood's appearance and 6-foot-4-inch (1.93 m) frame,[21] initially questioned his acting skills, remarking, "He was quite amateurish. He didn't know which way to turn or which way to go or do anything".[22] Lubin suggested Eastwood attend drama classes, and arranged for his initial contract in April 1954 at $100 (US$865 in 2012 dollars[23]) per week.[22] After signing, Eastwood was criticized for his stiff manner, his squint, and for hissing his lines through his teeth, a feature that would become a lifelong trademark.[24][25][26][27]

Eastwood's first acting role was an uncredited bit part as a laboratory assistant in the 1955 film Revenge of the Creature.[28] He then had uncredited bit parts in several other films, such as Lady Godiva of Coventry and Never Say Goodbye (1956), as well as a small speaking role in Francis in the Navy.[29][30][31] In 1959, he made a guest appearance on Maverick, opposite James Garner, as a cowardly villain intent on marrying a rich girl for money.[32] Eastwood had a small part as an aviator in the French picture Lafayette Escadrille and took on a featured role as an ex-Confederate renegade in Ambush at Cimarron Pass, a film which Eastwood viewed as disastrous and the lowest point of his career.[33][34][35]

In a long sought-after break, Eastwood was cast in the supporting role of Rowdy Yates for the CBS hour-long western series Rawhide in the summer of 1958,[36][37] although he was not especially happy with his role. Now aged 28, Eastwood felt his character Rowdy was too young and cloddish for him to feel comfortable with the part.[38] Rawhide premiered in January 1959[39] and after its release took only three weeks to reach the top 20 in the TV ratings. Although the series never won an Emmy it was a major success for several years, reaching its peak at number six in the ratings between October 1960 and April 1961.[40] The Rawhide years (1959–65) were some of the most grueling of Eastwood's career. He often filmed for six days a week at an average of twelve hours a day, yet some directors still criticized him for not working hard enough.[41][40] By late 1963 Rawhide's popularity had declined. Lacking freshness in the scripts, it was canceled in the middle of the 1965–66 television season.[42] Eastwood made his first attempt at directing when he filmed several trailers for the show, although he was unable to convince producers to let him direct an episode.[43] In the show's first season Eastwood earned $750 (US$6,042 in 2012 dollars[23]) an episode. At the time of Rawhide’s cancellation, he received $119,000 (US$877,609 in 2012 dollars[23]) in compensation.[44]

1960s[link]

Set of The Good, Bad and the Ugly in Almería in 2009

In late 1963 Eastwood's co-star on Rawhide, Eric Fleming, rejected an offer to star in an Italian-made western called A Fistful of Dollars, to be directed in a remote region of Spain by the then relatively unknown Sergio Leone.[45] Other actors, including Charles Bronson, Steve Reeves, Richard Harrison, Henry Fonda, James Coburn, and Ty Hardin, were also considered for the role. Knowing that he could play a cowboy convincingly Harrison suggested Eastwood, who in turn saw the film as an opportunity to escape from Rawhide. He signed a contract for $15,000 (US$112,403 in 2012 dollars[23]) in wages for eleven weeks' work, with a bonus of a Mercedes automobile upon completion.[46][47] Eastwood later spoke of the transition from a television western to A Fistful of Dollars: "In Rawhide I did get awfully tired of playing the conventional white hat. The hero who kisses old ladies and dogs and was kind to everybody. I decided it was time to be an anti-hero."[48] Eastwood was instrumental in creating the Man with No Name character's distinctive visual style and, although a non-smoker, Leone insisted Eastwood smoke cigars as an essential ingredient of the "mask" he was attempting to create for the loner character.[49]

A Fistful of Dollars proved a landmark in the development of spaghetti westerns, with Leone depicting a more lawless and desolate world than in traditional westerns, and challenging stereotypical American notions of a western hero by replacing him with a morally ambiguous antihero. The film's success meant Eastwood became a major star in Italy[50] and he was re-hired by Leone to star in For a Few Dollars More (1965), the second film of the trilogy. Through the efforts of screenwriter Luciano Vincenzoni, the rights to For a Few Dollars More and the final film of the trilogy (The Good, the Bad and the Ugly) were sold to United Artists for approximately $900,000 (US$6.64 million in 2012 dollars[23]).[51]

"I wanted to play it with an economy of words and create this whole feeling through attitude and movement. It was just the kind of character I had envisioned for a long time, keep to the mystery and allude to what happened in the past. It came about after the frustration of doing Rawhide for so long. I felt the less he said the stronger he became and the more he grew in the imagination of the audience."

—Eastwood, on playing the Man with No Name character[52]

In January 1966 Eastwood met producer Dino De Laurentiis in New York City and agreed to star in a non-western five-part anthology production named Le streghe ("The Witches") opposite De Laurentiis' wife, actress Silvana Mangano.[53] Eastwood's nineteen-minute installment only took a few days to shoot but his performance did not go down well with critics, with one writing "no other performance of his is quite so 'un-Clintlike' ".[54] Two months later Eastwood began work on the third Dollars film, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, in which he again played the mysterious Man with No Name. Lee Van Cleef returned to play a ruthless fortune seeker, while Eli Wallach portrayed the cunning Mexican bandit Tuco Ramirez. The storyline involves the search for a cache of Confederate gold buried in a cemetery. During the filming of one scene in which a bridge was to be dynamited, Eastwood urged Wallach to retreat to a hilltop saying, "I know about these things. Stay as far away from special effects and explosives as you can."[55] Minutes later confusion among the crew over the word "Vaya!" resulted in a premature explosion that could have killed Wallach.[55]

The Dollars trilogy was not shown in the United States until 1967 when A Fistful of Dollars opened in January, For a Few Dollars More in May, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in December.[56] All the films were commercially successful, particularly The Good, the Bad and the Ugly which eventually earned $8 million (US$55.8 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in rental earnings and turned Eastwood into a major film star.[56] All three films received generally bad reviews, and marked the beginning of a battle for Eastwood to win the respect of American film critics.[57] Judith Crist described A Fistful of Dollars as "cheapjack",[58] while Newsweek considered For a Few Dollars More as "excruciatingly dopey".[57] Renata Adler of The New York Times opined that The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (now widely considered one of the finest films in the history of cinema.[59][60]) was "the most expensive, pious and repellent movie in the history of its peculiar genre".[61] Time magazine drew attention to the film's wooden acting, especially on the part of Eastwood, although critics such as Vincent Canby and Bosley Crowther of The New York Times praised Eastwood's coolness in playing the tall, lone stranger.[62] Leone's distinctive cinematography style was widely acclaimed, even by critics who disparaged the acting in the film.[57]

Stardom brought more "tough guy" roles for Eastwood. He signed up to star in the American revisionist western Hang 'Em High (1968), in which he featured alongside Inger Stevens, Pat Hingle, Dennis Hopper, Ed Begley, Bruce Dern, and James MacArthur,[63] playing a man who seeks revenge after being lynched by vigilantes and left for dead.[64] A cross between Rawhide and Leone's westerns, the film earned Eastwood a fee of $400,000 (US$2.67 million in 2012 dollars[23]) and 25 percent of its net box-office takings.[63] Using money earned from the Dollars trilogy, accountant and Eastwood advisor Irving Leonard helped establish Eastwood's production company, Malpaso Productions, named after the Malpaso Creek on Eastwood's property in Monterey County, California. Leonard arranged for Hang 'Em High to be a joint production with United Artists[65] and, when it opened in July 1968, the film became the biggest United Artists opening in history — its box office receipts exceeding all the James Bond films of the time.[66][67] Hang 'Em High was widely praised by critics, including Archer Winsten of the New York Post who described it as, "a western of quality, courage, danger and excitement".[10]

Before the release of Hang 'Em High Eastwood had already begun work on the film Coogan's Bluff, about an Arizona deputy sheriff tracking a wanted psychopathic criminal (Don Stroud) through the streets of New York City. He was reunited with Universal Studios for the project after receiving an offer of $1 million (US$6.97 million in 2012 dollars[23])—more than double his previous salary.[67] Jennings Lang arranged for Eastwood to meet Don Siegel, a Universal contract director who later became one of Eastwood's close friends, with the two forming a partnership that would last more than ten years and comprise five films.[68] Filming began in November 1967, before the script had been finalized.[69] The film was controversial for its portrayal of violence,[70][71] with Eastwood's role creating the prototype for what would later become the macho cop of the Dirty Harry film series.[citation needed] Coogan's Bluff also became the first collaboration with Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin, who would later compose the jazzy score to several Eastwood films in the 1970s and 1980s, including the Dirty Harry films.

Eastwood was paid $850,000 (US$5.68 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in 1968 for the war epic Where Eagles Dare,[72] about a World War II squad parachuting into a Gestapo stronghold in the alpine mountains. Richard Burton played the squad's commander, with Eastwood as his right-hand man. Eastwood was also cast as Two-Face in the Batman television show, but the series was canceled before filming began.[73]

Eastwood then branched out to star in the only musical of his career, Paint Your Wagon (1969). Eastwood and fellow non-singer Lee Marvin play gold miners who share the same wife (portrayed by Jean Seberg). Bad weather and delays plagued the production, while the film’s budget eventually exceeded $20 million (US$127 million in 2012 dollars[23]), which was extremely expensive for the time.[74] The film was not a critical or commercial success, although it was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[75]

1970s[link]

In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western Two Mules for Sister Sara with Shirley MacLaine and directed by Don Siegel. The film follows an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a whore disguised as a nun and ends up helping a group of Juarista rebels during the reign of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.[76][77] Eastwood once again played a mysterious stranger—unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest, and smoking a cigar.[78] Although the film received moderate reviews[79][80][81] the film is listed in The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made.[82] Later the same year Eastwood starred as one of a group of Americans who steal a fortune in gold from the Nazis in the World War II film Kelly's Heroes with Donald Sutherland and Telly Savalas. Kelly's Heroes was the last film in which Eastwood appeared that was not produced by his own Malpaso Productions.[83] Filming commenced in July 1969 on location in Yugoslavia and in London.[84] The film received mostly a positive reception and its anti-war sentiments were recognized.[83] In the winter of 1969–70, Eastwood and Siegel began planning his next film, The Beguiled, a tale of a wounded Union soldier held captive by the sexually repressed matron of a southern girl's school.[85] Upon release the film received major recognition in France and is considered one of Eastwood's finest works by the French.[86] However, it grossed less than $1 million (US$5.98 million in 2012 dollars[23]) and, according to Eastwood and Lang, flopped due to poor publicity and the "emasculated" role of Eastwood.[87]

A man stands next to a girl as they both face to the left, smiling.
Eastwood with a fan circa 1970

Eastwood's career reached a turning point in 1971.[88] Before Irving Leonard died he and Eastwood had discussed the idea of Malpaso producing Play Misty for Me, a film that was to give Eastwood the artistic control he desired and his debut as a director.[89] The script was about a jazz disc jockey named Dave (Eastwood) who has a casual affair with Evelyn (Jessica Walter), a listener who had been calling the radio station repeatedly at night asking him to play her favorite song—Erroll Garner's "Misty". When Dave ends their relationship the fan becomes violent and murderous.[90] Filming commenced in Monterey in September 1970 and included footage of that year's Monterey Jazz Festival.[91] The film was highly acclaimed with critics such as Jay Cocks in Time, Andrew Sarris in the Village Voice, and Archer Winsten in the New York Post all praising the film, as well as Eastwood's directorial skills and performance.[92] Walter was nominated for a Golden Globe Best Actress Award (Drama) for her performance in the film.

"I know what you're thinking — 'Did he fire six shots or only five?' Well, to tell you the truth, in all this excitement, I've kinda lost track myself. But, being as this is a .44 Magnum, the most powerful handgun in the world and would blow your head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question: 'Do I feel lucky?' Well, do ya, punk?"

—Eastwood, in Dirty Harry

Dirty Harry (1971), written by Harry Julian Fink and Rita M. Fink, centers around a hard-edged New York City (later changed to San Francisco) police inspector named Harry Callahan who is determined to stop a psychotic killer by any means.[93] Dirty Harry has been described as being arguably Eastwood's most memorable character, and the film has been credited with inventing the "loose-cannon cop" genre.[94][95] Author Eric Lichtenfeld argues that Eastwood's role as Dirty Harry established the "first true archetype" of the action film genre.[96] His lines (quoted left) have been cited as among the most memorable in cinematic history[by whom?] and are regarded by firearms historians, such as Garry James and Richard Venola, as the force which catapulted the ownership of .44 Magnum pistols to unprecedented heights in the United States; specifically the Smith & Wesson Model 29 carried by Harry Callahan.[97][98] Dirty Harry achieved huge success after its release in December 1971, earning $22 million (US$126 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in the United States and Canada alone.[99] It was Siegel's highest-grossing film and the start of a series of films featuring the character Harry Callahan. Although a number of critics praised Eastwood's performance as Dirty Harry, such as Jay Cocks of Time magazine who described him as "giving his best performance so far, tense, tough, full of implicit identification with his character",[100] the film was also widely criticized and accused of being fascistic.[101][102][103]

Following Sean Connery's announcement that he would not play James Bond again, Eastwood was offered the role but turned it down because he believed the character should be played by an English actor.[104] He next starred in the loner Western Joe Kidd (1972), based on a character inspired by Reies Lopez Tijerina who stormed a courthouse in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico, in June 1967. During filming, Eastwood suffered symptoms of a bronchial infection and several panic attacks.[105] Joe Kidd received a mixed reception, with Roger Greenspun of The New York Times writing that it was unremarkable, with foolish symbolism and sloppy editing, although he praised Eastwood's performance.[106]

In 1973, Eastwood directed his first western, High Plains Drifter, in which he starred alongside Verna Bloom, Marianna Hill, Billy Curtis, Rawhide's Paul Brinegar and Geoffrey Lewis. The film had a moral and supernatural theme, later emulated in Pale Rider. The plot follows a mysterious stranger (Eastwood) who arrives in a brooding Western town where the people hire him to protect them against three soon-to-be-released felons. There remains confusion during the film as to whether the stranger is the brother of the deputy, whom the felons lynched and murdered, or his ghost. Holes in the plot were filled with black humor and allegory, influenced by Leone.[107] The revisionist film received a mixed reception, but was a major box office success. A number of critics thought Eastwood's directing was "as derivative as it was expressive", with Arthur Knight of the Saturday Review remarking that Eastwood had "absorbed the approaches of Siegel and Leone and fused them with his own paranoid vision of society".[108] John Wayne, who had declined a role in the film, sent a letter to Eastwood soon after the film's release in which he complained that, "the townspeople did not represent the true spirit of the American pioneer, the spirit that made America great".[109]

Eastwood directing William Holden in Breezy (1973)

Eastwood next turned his attention towards Breezy (1973), a film about love blossoming between a middle-aged man and a teenage girl. During casting for the film Eastwood met Sondra Locke, an actress who would play major roles in many of his films for the next ten years and would become an important figure in his life.[110] Kay Lenz was awarded the part of Breezy because Locke, at 28, was considered too old. The film, shot very quickly and efficiently by Eastwood and Frank Stanley, came in $1 million (US$5.24 million in 2012 dollars[23]) under budget and was finished three days ahead of schedule.[111] Breezy was not a major critical or commercial success and it was only made available on video in 1998.[112]

Once filming of Breezy had finished, Warner Brothers announced that Eastwood had agreed to reprise his role as Detective Harry Callahan in Magnum Force (1973), a sequel to Dirty Harry, about a group of rogue young officers (among them David Soul, Robert Urich and Tim Matheson) in the San Francisco Police Force who systematically exterminate the city's worst criminals.[113] Although the film was a major success after release, grossing $58.1 million (US$304 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in the United States (a record for Eastwood), it was not a critical success.[114][115] The New York Times critic Nora Sayre panned the often contradictory moral themes of the film, while the paper's Frank Rich called it "the same old stuff".[115]

In 1974, Eastwood teamed up with Jeff Bridges and George Kennedy in the buddy action caper Thunderbolt and Lightfoot, a road movie about a veteran bank robber Thunderbolt (Eastwood) and a young con man drifter, Lightfoot (Bridges). On its release, in spring 1974, the film was praised for its offbeat comedy mixed with high suspense and tragedy but was only a modest success at the box office, earning $32.4 million (US$153 million in 2012 dollars[23]).[116] Eastwood's acting was noted by critics, but was overshadowed by Bridges who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Eastwood reportedly fumed at the lack of Academy Award recognition for him and swore that he would never work for United Artists again.[116][117]

Eastwood's next film The Eiger Sanction (1975) was based on Trevanian's critically acclaimed spy novel of the same name. Eastwood plays Jonathan Hemlock in a role originally intended for Paul Newman, an assassin turned college art professor who decides to return to his former profession for one last "sanction" in return for a rare Pissarro painting. In the process he must climb the north face of the Eiger in Switzerland under perilous conditions. Once again Eastwood starred alongside George Kennedy. Mike Hoover taught Eastwood how to climb during several weeks of preparation at Yosemite in the summer of 1974 before filming commenced in Grindelwald on August 12, 1974.[118][119] Despite prior warnings about the perils of the Eiger the film crew suffered a number of accidents, including one fatality.[120][121] Despite the danger, Eastwood insisted on doing all his own climbing and stunts. Upon release in May 1975 The Eiger Sanction was a commercial failure, receiving only $23.8 million (US$103 million in 2012 dollars[23]) at the box office, and was poorly received by most critics.[122] Joy Gould Boyum of the Wall Street Journal dismissed the film as "brutal fantasy".[122][123] Eastwood blamed Universal Studios for the film's poor promotion and turned his back on them to make an agreement with Warner Brothers, through Frank Wells, that has lasted to the present day.[124]

The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), a western inspired by Asa Carter's eponymous 1972 novel,[125] has lead character Josey Wales (Eastwood) as a pro-Confederate guerilla who refuses to surrender his arms after the American Civil War and is chased across the old southwest by a group of enforcers. Eastwood cast his young son Kyle Eastwood, Chief Dan George, and Sondra Locke for the first time, against the wishes of director Philip Kaufman.[126] Kaufman was fired by producer Bob Daley under Eastwood's command, resulting in a fine reported to be around $60,000 (US$245,053 in 2012 dollars[23]) from the Directors Guild of America—who subsequently passed new legislation reserving the right to impose a major fine on a producer for discharging and replacing a director.[127] The film was pre-screened at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts and Humanities in Idaho during a six-day conference entitled Western Movies: Myths and Images. Invited to the screening were a number of esteemed film critics, including Jay Cocks and Arthur Knight; directors such as King Vidor, William Wyler, and Howard Hawks; and a number of academics.[128] Upon release in August 1976 The Outlaw Josey Wales was widely acclaimed, with many critics and viewers seeing Eastwood's role as an iconic one that related to America's ancestral past and the destiny of the nation after the American Civil War.[128] Roger Ebert compared the nature and vulnerability of Eastwood's portrayal of Josey Wales with his Man with No Name character in the Dollars westerns and praised the film's atmosphere.[129] The film would later appear in Time's "Top 10 Films of the Year".[130]

Eastwood was then offered the role of Benjamin L. Willard in Francis Coppola's Apocalypse Now, but declined as he did not want to spend weeks on location in the Philippines.[131][132] He also refused the part of a platoon leader in Ted Post's Vietnam War film Go Tell the Spartans[131] and instead decided to make a third Dirty Harry film The Enforcer. The film had Harry partnered with a new female officer (Tyne Daly) to face a San Francisco Bay area group resembling the Symbionese Liberation Army. The film, culminating in a shootout on Alcatraz island, was considerably shorter than the previous Dirty Harry films at 95 minutes,[133] but was a major commercial success grossing $100 million (US$408 million in 2012 dollars[23]) worldwide to become Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date.[134]

In 1977, he directed and starred in The Gauntlet opposite Locke, Pat Hingle, William Prince, Bill McKinney, and Mara Corday. Eastwood portrays a down-and-out cop who falls in love with a prostitute he is assigned to escort from Las Vegas to Phoenix, to testify against the mafia. Although a moderate hit with the viewing public, critics had mixed feelings about the film, with many believing it was overly violent. Eastwood's longtime nemesis Pauline Kael called it "a tale varnished with foul language and garnished with violence".[citation needed] Roger Ebert, in contrast, gave the film three stars and called it "...classic Clint Eastwood: fast, furious, and funny."[135] In 1978 Eastwood starred in Every Which Way but Loose alongside Locke, Geoffrey Lewis, Ruth Gordon and John Quade. In an uncharacteristic offbeat comedy role, Eastwood played Philo Beddoe, a trucker and brawler who roams the American West searching for a lost love accompanied by his brother and an orangutan called Clyde. The film proved a surprising success upon its release and became Eastwood's most commercially successful film at the time. Panned by critics, it ranked high among the box office successes of his career and was the second-highest grossing film of 1978.[136]

Eastwood starred in the thriller Escape from Alcatraz in 1979, the last of his films to be directed by Don Siegel. It was based on the true story of Frank Lee Morris who, along with John and Clarence Anglin, escaped from the notorious Alcatraz prison in 1962. The film was a major success; Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic praised it as "crystalline cinema"[137] and Frank Rich of Time described it as "cool, cinematic grace".[138] The film marked the beginning of a critically acclaimed period for Eastwood.

1980s[link]

Eastwood directed and played the lead role in the 1980 comedy Bronco Billy alongside Locke, Scatman Crothers, and Sam Bottoms.[139] His children, Kyle and Alison, also had small roles as orphans.[140] Eastwood has cited Bronco Billy as being one of the most relaxed shoots of his career[citation needed] and biographer Richard Schickel has argued that Bronco Billy is Eastwood's most self-referential character.[141][142] The film was a commercial failure,[143] but was liked by critics. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that film was "the best and funniest Clint Eastwood movie in quite a while", and praised Eastwood's directing and the way he intricately juxtaposes the old West and the new.[144] Later in 1980, Eastwood starred in Any Which Way You Can, the sequel to Every Which Way but Loose. The film received a number of bad reviews from critics, although Maslin described it as "funnier and even better than its predecessor".[143] The film became another box office success and was among the top five highest-grossing films of the year.

Eastwood in 1981

In 1982, Eastwood directed and starred alongside his son Kyle in Honkytonk Man, based on the eponymous Clancy Carlile's depression-era novel. Eastwood portrays a struggling western singer Red Stovall who suffers from tuberculosis, but has finally been given an opportunity to make it big at the Grand Ole Opry. He is accompanied by his young nephew (Kyle) to Nashville, Tennessee, where he is supposed to record a song. Only Time gave the film a good review in the United States, with most reviewers criticizing its blend of muted humor and tragedy.[145] Nevertheless the film received critical acclaim in France, where it was compared to John Ford's The Grapes of Wrath,[146] and it has since acquired the very high rating of 93 percent on Rotten Tomatoes.[147] In the same year Eastwood directed, produced, and starred in the Cold War-themed Firefox alongside Freddie Jones, David Huffman, Warren Clarke and Ronald Lacey. Based on a 1977 novel with the same name written by Craig Thomas, the film was shot before but released after Honkeytonk Man. Russian filming locations were not possible due to the Cold War, and the film had to be shot in Vienna and other locations in Austria to simulate many of the Eurasian story locations. With a production cost of $20 million, (US$48.2 million in 2012 dollars[23]) it was Eastwood's highest budget film to date.[148] People magazine likened Eastwood's performance to "Luke Skywalker trapped in Dirty Harry's Soul".[148]

Eastwood directed and starred in the fourth Dirty Harry film, Sudden Impact, which was shot in the spring and summer of 1983 and is considered the darkest and most violent of the series.[149] By this time Eastwood received 60 percent of all profits from films he starred in and directed, with the rest going to the studio.[150] Sudden Impact was the last film which he starred in with Locke. She plays a woman raped, along with her sister, by a ruthless gang at a fairground and seeks revenge for her sister's now vegetative state by systematically murdering her rapists. The line "Go ahead, make my day" (uttered by Eastwood during an early scene in a coffee shop) is often cited as one of cinema's immortal lines. It was quoted by President Ronald Reagan in a speech to Congress, and used during the 1984 presidential elections.[151][152][153] The film was the most commercially successful of the Dirty Harry films, earning $70 million (US$163 million in 2012 dollars[23]). It received very positive reviews, with many critics praising the feminist aspects of the film through its explorations of the physical and psychological consequences of rape.[154]

Tightrope (1984) had Eastwood starring opposite his daughter Alison, Geneviève Bujold, and Jamie Rose in a provocative thriller, inspired by newspaper articles about an elusive Bay Area rapist. Set in New Orleans to avoid confusion with the Dirty Harry films,[155] Eastwood played a single-parent cop drawn into his target's tortured psychology and fascination for sadomasochism.[156] Eastwood next starred in the period comedy City Heat (1984) alongside Burt Reynolds, a film about a private eye and his partner who get mixed up with gangsters in the prohibition era of the 1930s. The film grossed around $50 million (US$112 million in 2012 dollars[23]) domestically, but was overshadowed by Eddie Murphy's Beverly Hills Cop.[157]

"Westerns. A period gone by, the pioneer, the loner operating by himself, without benefit of society. It usually has something to do with some sort of vengeance; he takes care of the vengeance himself, doesn't call the police. Like Robin Hood. It's the last masculine frontier. Romantic myth, I guess, though it's hard to think about anything romantic today. In a Western you can think, Jesus, there was a time when man was alone, on horseback, out there where man hasn't spoiled the land yet."

—Eastwood, on the philosophical allure of portraying western loners[158]

Eastwood made his only foray into TV direction with the 1985 Amazing Stories episode "Vanessa In The Garden", which starred Harvey Keitel and Sondra Locke. This was his first collaboration with Steven Spielberg, who later co-produced Flags of Our Fathers and Letters from Iwo Jima.[159] Eastwood revisited the western genre when he directed and starred in Pale Rider (1985) opposite Michael Moriarty and Carrie Snodgress. The film is based on the classic 1953 western Shane and follows a preacher descending from the mists of the Sierras to side with the miners during the California Gold Rush of 1850.[160] The title is a reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, as the rider of the pale horse is Death, and shows similarities to Eastwood's 1973 western High Plains Drifter in its themes of morality and justice as well as its exploration of the supernatural.[161] Pale Rider became one of Eastwood's most successful films to date. It was hailed as one of the best films of 1985 and the best western to appear for a considerable period, with Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune remarking, "This year (1985) will go down in film history as the moment Clint Eastwood finally earned respect as an artist".[162]

In 1986, Eastwood co-starred with Marsha Mason in the military drama Heartbreak Ridge, about the 1983 United States invasion of Grenada. He portrays an aging United States Marine Gunnery Sergeant and Korean War veteran. Production and filming were marred by internal disagreements between Eastwood and long-time friend and producer Fritz Manes, as well as between Eastwood and the United States Department of Defense who expressed contempt for the film.[163][164] At the time the film was a commercial rather than a critical success, and has only become to be viewed more favorably in recent times.[165] The film and grossed $70 million (US$148 million) domestically.[166]

Eastwood starred in The Dead Pool (1988), the fifth and final film in the Dirty Harry series. It co-starred Liam Neeson, Patricia Clarkson, and a young Jim Carrey who plays Johnny Squares, a drug-addled rock star and the first of the victims on a list of celebrities drawn up by horror film director Peter Swan (Neeson) who are deemed most likely to die, the so-called "Dead Pool". The list is stolen by an obsessed fan who, in mimicking his favorite director, makes his way through the list killing off celebrities, of which Dirty Harry is also included. The Dead Pool grossed nearly $38 million (US$74.7 million), relatively low receipts for a Dirty Harry film and it is generally viewed as the weakest film of the series, although Roger Ebert perceived it to be as good as the original.[167][168]

Eastwood began working on smaller, more personal projects, and experienced a lull in his career between 1988 and 1992. Always interested in jazz, he directed Bird (1988), a biopic starring Forest Whitaker as jazz musician Charlie "Bird" Parker. Alto saxophonist Jackie McLean and Spike Lee, son of jazz bassist Bill Lee and a long time critic of Eastwood, criticized the characterization of Charlie Parker remarking that it did not capture his true essence and sense of humor.[169] Eastwood received two Golden Globes for the film, the Cecil B. DeMille Award for his lifelong contribution, and the Best Director award. However, Bird was a commercial failure, earning just $11 million, which Eastwood attributed to the declining interest in jazz among black people.[170]

Carrey would again appear with Eastwood in the poorly received comedy Pink Cadillac (1989) alongside Bernadette Peters. The film is about a bounty hunter and a group of white supremacists chasing an innocent woman who tries to outrun everyone in her husband's prized pink Cadillac. The film failed both critically and commercially,[171] earning barely more than Bird and marking a low point in Eastwood's career.[172]

1990s[link]

Eastwood directed and starred in White Hunter Black Heart (1990), an adaptation of Peter Viertel's roman à clef, about John Huston and the making of the classic film The African Queen. Shot on location in Zimbabwe in the summer of 1989,[173] the film received some critical attention but with only a limited release earned just $8.4 million (US$14.9 million in 2012 dollars[23]).[174] Later in 1990, Eastwood directed and co-starred with Charlie Sheen in The Rookie, a buddy cop action film. Critics found the film’s plot and characterization unconvincing, but praised its action sequences.[175] An ongoing lawsuit, in response to Eastwood allegedly ramming a woman’s car,[176] resulted in no Eastwood films being shown in cinemas in 1991.[177] Eastwood won the suit and agreed to pay the complainant’s legal fees if she did not appeal.[177]

"...if possible, he looks even taller, leaner and more mysteriously possessed than he did in Sergio Leone's seminal Fistful of Dollars a quarter of a century ago. The years haven't softened him. They have given him the presence of some fierce force of nature, which may be why the landscapes of the mythic, late 19th-century West become him, never more so than in his new Unforgiven. ... This is his richest, most satisfying performance since the underrated, politically lunatic Heartbreak Ridge. There's no one like him."

Vincent Canby of The New York Times, on Eastwood's performance in Unforgiven[178]

In 1992, Eastwood revisited the western genre in the self-directed film Unforgiven, in which he played an aging ex-gunfighter long past his prime. Scripts existed for the film as early as 1976 under titles such as The Cut-Whore Killings and The William Munny Killings but Eastwood delayed the project because he wanted to wait until he was old enough to play his character and to savor it as the last of his western films.[177] Unforgiven was a major commercial and critical success; Jack Methews of the Los Angeles Times described it as "the finest classical western to come along since perhaps John Ford's 1956 The Searchers.[179] The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards,[180] (including Best Actor for Eastwood and Best Original Screenplay for David Webb Peoples) and won four, including Best Picture and Best Director for Eastwood. In June 2008 Unforgiven was ranked as the fourth-best American western, behind Shane, High Noon, and The Searchers, in the American Film Institute's "AFI's 10 Top 10" list.[181][182]

Clint Eastwood at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival

Eastwood played Frank Horrigan in the Secret Service thriller In the Line of Fire (1993) directed by Wolfgang Petersen and co-starring John Malkovich and Rene Russo. Horrigan is a guilt-ridden Secret Service agent haunted by his failure to save John F. Kennedy's life.[183] The film was among the top 10 box office performers in that year, earning a reported $200 million (US$322 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in the United States alone.[184] As of 2012, In the Line of Fire was the last film Eastwood acted in that he did not direct. Later in 1993, Eastwood directed and co-starred with Kevin Costner in A Perfect World. Set in the 1960s,[185] Eastwood plays a Texas Ranger in pursuit of an escaped convict (Costner) who hits the road with a young boy (T.J. Lowther). Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the film marked the highest point of Eastwood's directing career,[186] and the film has since been cited as one of his most underrated directorial achievements.[187][188]

At the May 1994 Cannes Film Festival Eastwood received France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres medal[189] then on March 27, 1995, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award at the 67th Academy Awards.[190] His next film appearance was in a cameo role as himself in the 1995 children's film Casper. Later in the same year he continued to expand his repertoire by playing opposite Meryl Streep in the romantic picture The Bridges of Madison County. Based on the novel by Robert James Waller,[191] the film relates the story of Robert Kincaid (Eastwood), a photographer working for National Geographic, who has an affair with a middle-aged Italian farm wife, Francesca (Streep). Despite the novel receiving unfavorable reviews and a subject deemed potentially unsuitable for film, The Bridges of Madison County was a commercial and critical success.[192] Roger Ebert wrote, "Streep and Eastwood weave a spell, and it is based on that particular knowledge of love and self that comes with middle age."[193] The film was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Picture and won a César Award in France for Best Foreign Film. Streep was also nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe.

In 1997 Eastwood directed and starred in the political thriller Absolute Power, alongside Gene Hackman (with whom he had appeared in Unforgiven). Eastwood played the role of a veteran thief who witnesses the Secret Service cover up of a murder. The film received a mixed reception from critics.[194] Later in 1997, Eastwood directed Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, based on the novel by John Berendt and starring John Cusack, Kevin Spacey, and Jude Law. The film again met with a mixed critical response.[195]

"The roles that Eastwood has played, and the films that he has directed, cannot be disentangled from the nature of the American culture of the last quarter century, its fantasies and its realities."

—Author Edward Gallafent, commenting on Eastwood's impact on film from the 1970s to 1990s[196]

Eastwood directed and starred in True Crime (1999), which also featured his young daughter Francesca Fisher-Eastwood. He plays Steve Everett, a journalist and recovering alcoholic, who has to cover the execution of murderer Frank Beechum (played by Isaiah Washington). The film received a mixed reception, with Janet Maslin of The New York Times writing, "his direction is galvanized by a sense of second chances and tragic misunderstandings, and by contrasting a larger sense of justice with the peculiar minutiae of crime. Perhaps he goes a shade too far in the latter direction, though."[197] The film was a box office failure, earning less than half its $55 million (US$76.7 million in 2012 dollars[23]) budget and was Eastwood's worst-performing film of the 1990s aside from White Hunter Black Heart, which had a limited release.[198]

2000s[link]

In 2000 Eastwood directed and starred in Space Cowboys alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Donald Sutherland, and James Garner. Eastwood played one of a group of veteran ex-test pilots sent into space to repair an old Soviet satellite. The original music score was composed by Eastwood and Lennie Niehaus. Space Cowboys was critically well received and holds a 79 percent rating at Rotten Tomatoes,[199] although Roger Ebert wrote that the film was, "too secure within its traditional story structure to make much seem at risk."[200] The film grossed more than $90 million in its United States release, more than Eastwood's two previous films combined.[201] The following year Eastwood played an ex-FBI agent chasing a sadistic killer (Jeff Daniels) in the thriller Blood Work, loosely based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Michael Connelly. The film was a commercial failure, grossing just $26.2 million (US$33.9 million in 2012 dollars[23]) on an estimated budget of $50 million (US$64.6 million in 2012 dollars[23]) and received mixed reviews, with Rotten Tomatoes describing it as, "well-made but marred by lethargic pacing".[202] Eastwood did, however, win the Future Film Festival Digital Award at the Venice Film Festival for the film.

"Clint is a true artist in every respect. Despite his years of being at the top of his game and the legendary movies he has made, he always made us feel comfortable and valued on the set, treating us as equals."

Tim Robbins, on working with Eastwood.[5]

Eastwood directed and scored the crime drama Mystic River (2003), a film dealing with themes of murder, vigilantism, and sexual abuse and starring Sean Penn, Kevin Bacon, and Tim Robbins. Mystic River was praised by critics and won two Academy Awards – Best Actor for Penn and Best Supporting Actor for Robbins – with Eastwood garnering nominations for Best Director and Best Picture.[203] The film grossed $90 million (US$114 million in 2012 dollars[23]) domestically on a budget of $30 million (US$37.9 million in 2012 dollars[23]).[204] In 2003 Eastwood was named Best Director of the Year by the London Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics.[citation needed]

The following year Eastwood found further critical and commercial success when he directed, produced, scored, and starred in the boxing drama Million Dollar Baby, playing a cantankerous trainer who forms a bond with female boxer (Hilary Swank), who he is persuaded to train by his lifelong friend (Morgan Freeman). The film won four Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress (Swank), and Best Supporting Actor (Freeman).[205] At age 74 Eastwood became the oldest of eighteen directors to have directed two or more Best Picture winners.[206][207] He also received a nomination for Best Actor and a Grammy nomination for his score.[208] A. O. Scott of The New York Times lauded the film as a "masterpiece" and the best film of the year.[209]

In 2006 Eastwood directed two films about World War II's Battle of Iwo Jima. The first, Flags of Our Fathers, focused on the men who raised the American flag on top of Mount Suribachi. This was followed by Letters from Iwo Jima, which dealt with the tactics of the Japanese soldiers on the island and the letters they wrote home to family members. Letters from Iwo Jima was the first American film to depict a war issue completely from the view of an American enemy.[210] Both films received praise from critics and garnered several nominations at the 79th Academy Awards, including Best Director, Best Picture, and Best Original Screenplay for Letters from Iwo Jima. At the 64th Golden Globe Awards Eastwood received nominations for Best Director in both films. Letters from Iwo Jima won the award for Best Foreign Language Film.

An older man is at the center of the image smiling and looking off to the right of the image. He is wearing a white jacket, and a tan shirt and tie. The number 61 can be seen behind him on a background wall.
Eastwood in 2008

Eastwood next directed Changeling (2008), based on a true story set in the late 1920s. Angelina Jolie stars as a woman reunited with her missing son only to realize he is an impostor.[211] After its release at several film festivals the film grossed over $110 million (US$119 million in 2012 dollars[23]), the majority of which came from foreign markets.[212] The film was highly acclaimed, with Damon Wise of Empire describing Changeling as "flawless".[213] Todd McCarthy of Variety described it as "emotionally powerful and stylistically sure-handed" and that the film’s characters and social commentary were brought into the story with an "almost breathtaking deliberation".[214] For the film Eastwood received nominations for Best Original Score at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, Best Direction at the 62nd British Academy Film Awards and director of the year from the London Film Critics' Circle.

Eastwood ended a four-year "self-imposed acting hiatus"[215] by appearing in Gran Torino, which he also directed, produced, and partly scored with his son Kyle and Jamie Cullum. Biographer Marc Eliot called Eastwood's role "an amalgam of the Man with No Name, Dirty Harry, and William Munny, here aged and cynical but willing and able to fight on whenever the need arose."[216] Eastwood has said that the role will most likely be the last time he acts in a film.[217] Gran Torino grossed almost $30 million (US$32.4 million in 2012 dollars[23]) during its opening weekend release in January 2009, the highest of his career as an actor or director.[218] Gran Torino eventually grossed over $268 million (US$289 million in 2012 dollars[23]) in theaters worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of Eastwood's career so far (without adjustment for inflation).

Eastwood's 30th directorial outing came with Invictus, a film based on the story of the South African team at the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Morgan Freeman as Nelson Mandela and Matt Damon as rugby team captain François Pienaar.[219] The film met with generally positive reviews; Roger Ebert gave it three and a half stars and described it as a "very good film... with moments evoking great emotion",[220] while Variety's Todd McCarthy wrote, "Inspirational on the face of it, Clint Eastwood's film has a predictable trajectory, but every scene brims with surprising details that accumulate into a rich fabric of history, cultural impressions and emotion."[221] For the film Eastwood was nominated for Best Director at the 67th Golden Globe Awards.

2010s[link]

"Everybody wonders why I continue working at this stage. I keep working because there's always new stories. ... And as long as people want me to tell them, I'll be there doing them."

—Eastwood, reflecting on his later career[222]

In 2010, Eastwood directed the drama Hereafter, again working with Matt Damon, who portrayed a psychic. The film had its world premiere on September 12, 2010 at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and had a limited release later in October.[223][224] Hereafter received mixed reviews from critics, with the consensus at Rotten Tomatoes being, "Despite a thought-provoking premise and Clint Eastwood's typical flair as director, Hereafter fails to generate much compelling drama, straddling the line between poignant sentimentality and hokey tedium."[225] In the same year, Eastwood served as executive producer for a Turner Classic Movies (TCM) documentary about jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way, to commemorate Brubeck's 90th birthday.[226]

In 2011 Eastwood directed J. Edgar, a biopic of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, with Leonardo DiCaprio in the title role.[227] The film received mixed reviews, although DiCaprio's performance as Hoover was widely praised. The Rotten Tomatoes consensus was, "Leonardo DiCaprio gives a predictably powerhouse performance, but J. Edgar stumbles in all other departments".[228] Roger Ebert wrote that the film is "fascinating," "masterful," and praised DiCaprio's performance. David Edelstein of New York Magazine, while also praising DiCaprio, wrote, "It's too bad J. Edgar is so shapeless and turgid and ham-handed, so rich in bad lines and worse readings".[229] In January 2011, it was announced that Eastwood was in talks to direct Beyoncé Knowles in a third remake of the 1937 film A Star Is Born;[230] however, the project was delayed due to Beyoncé’s pregnancy. In October 2011, Entertainment Weekly announced that Eastwood was in talks to star in the baseball drama Trouble with the Curve, as a veteran baseball scout who travels with his daughter for a final scouting trip. Robert Lorenz, who worked with Eastwood as an assistant director on several films, is in talks to direct the film.[231]

During the Super Bowl XLVI Eastwood narrated a half-time advertisement for Chrysler titled "Half Time in America".[232] The advertisement was criticized by several leading US conservatives, who claimed it implied that President Barack Obama deserved a second term.[233]

Directing style[link]

Beginning with the thriller Play Misty for Me, Eastwood has directed over 30 films in his career; including westerns, action films, and dramas. From the very early days of his career, Eastwood had been frustrated by directors insisting that scenes be re-shot multiple times and perfected, and when he began as a director in 1971, he made a conscious attempt to avoid any aspects of directing he had been indifferent to as an actor. As a result, Eastwood is renowned for his efficient film directing and ability to reduce filming time and to keep budgets under control. Eastwood usually avoids actors rehearsing and prefers most scenes to be completed on the first take.[234][235] In preparation for filming Eastwood rarely uses storyboards for developing the layout of a shooting schedule.[236][237][238] He also attempts to reduce script background details on characters to allow the audience to become more involved in the film,[239] considering their imagination a requirement for a film that connects with viewers.[239][240] Eastwood has indicated that he lays out a film's plot to provide the audience with necessary details, but not "so much that it insults their intelligence."[241] According to Life magazine, "Eastwood's style is to shoot first and act afterward. He etches his characters virtually without words. He has developed the art of underplaying to the point that anyone around him who so much as flinches looks hammily histrionic."[242]

Interviewers Richard Thompson and Tim Hunter note that Eastwood's films are "superbly paced: unhurried; cool; and [give] a strong sense of real time, regardless of the speed of the narrative"[243] while Ric Gentry considers Eastwood's pacing to be "unrushed and relaxed".[244] Eastwood is fond of low-key lighting and back-lighting to give his movies a "noir-ish" feel.[235][245]

Eastwood's frequent exploration of ethical values has drawn the attention of scholars who have explored Eastwood's work from ethical and theological perspectives, including his portrayal of justice, mercy, suicide, and the angel of death.[246]

Politics[link]

Left: Eastwood with President Ronald Reagan and Lou Gossett, Jr. in July 1987
Right: Eastwood as a a spokesman for Take Pride in America in 2005

Eastwood registered as a Republican to vote for Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, and supported Richard Nixon's 1968 and 1972 presidential campaigns. He later criticized Nixon's handling of the Vietnam War and his morality during Watergate.[247][248] He has disapproved of America's wars in Korea (1950–1953), Vietnam (1964–1973), and Iraq (2003–2011), believing that the United States should not be overly militaristic or play the role of global policeman. He considers himself "too individualistic to be either right-wing or left-wing",[249] describing himself in 1974 as a "political nothing" and "moderate"[248] and in 1997 as a "libertarian".[250] "I don't see myself as conservative," Eastwood has stated, while noting in the same breath that he isn't "ultra-leftist," either.[251] At times, he has supported Democrats in California, including Representative Sam Farr in 2002 and Governor Gray Davis, whom he voted for in 1998 and hosted fundraisers for in 2002 and 2003.[252] A self-professed "liberal on civil rights",[248] Eastwood has stated that he is pro-choice on abortion.[250] He has endorsed same-sex marriage[251] and contributed to groups supporting the Equal Rights Amendment for women.[253]

Eastwood outdoors at a Take Pride in America event

As a politician, Eastwood has made successful forays into both local and state government. In April 1986 he was elected mayor for one term in his home town of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California – a small, wealthy town and artist community on the Monterey Peninsula.[254] During his term he tended towards supporting small business interests and advocating environmental protection.[255] In 2001 Eastwood was appointed to the California State Park and Recreation Commission by Governor Davis,[256] then reappointed in 2004 by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.[256] As the vice chairman of the commission, in 2005 along with chairman Bobby Shriver, he led the movement opposed to a six-lane 16-mile (26 km) extension of California State Route 241, a toll road that would cut through San Onofre State Beach. Eastwood and Shriver supported a 2006 lawsuit to block the toll road and urged the California Coastal Commission to reject the project, which it duly did in February 2008.[257] In March 2008 Eastwood and Shriver's non-reappointment to the commission on the expiry of their terms[257] prompted the Natural Resources Defense Council (NDRC) to request a legislative investigation into the decision.[258] Governor Schwarzenegger appointed Eastwood to the California Film Commission in April 2004.[259] He has also acted as a spokesman for Take Pride in America, an agency of the United States Department of the Interior which advocates taking responsibility for natural, cultural, and historic resources.[260]

During the 2008 United States Presidential Election Eastwood endorsed and campaigned for John McCain, whom he has been friends since 1973 saying of the famed war veteran, "I met him years ago when he first came back from Vietnam. This was back when (Ronald) Reagan was the governor of California and he had a big function for all of the prisoners of war who were released. I thought he was a terrific guy, a real American hero", nevertheless Eastwood in an expression of patriotism wished Barack Obama well upon his subsequent victory saying, "Obama is my president now and I am going to be wishing him the very best because it is what is best for all of us"..[261][262]However Clint Eastwood has made clear that he is not a fan of President Obama saying in an interview "I think he's a nice fella and I enjoyed watching him come along and I enjoyed watching him campaign and win the job but I'm not a fan of what he's doing at the moment because I just don't think he's governing," Eastwood also said. "I don't think he's surrounded himself with the people he could have surrounded himself with.[263] In August 2010, Eastwood wrote to the British Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne to protest the decision to close the UK Film Council, warning that the closure could result in fewer foreign production companies choosing to work in the UK.[264]

Personal life[link]

Relationships[link]

Eastwood has fathered at least seven children by five women and been described as a "serial womanizer".[4][5] He reportedly had affairs with actresses Catherine Deneuve, Jill Banner, Jamie Rose, Inger Stevens, Jo Ann Harris, Jean Seberg, script analyst Megan Rose, and swimming champion Anita Lhoest.[265]

Eastwood married Maggie Johnson on December 19, 1953, six months after they met on a blind date.[266] While separated from Johnson, Eastwood had an affair with dancer Roxanne Tunis, with whom he had his first child, Kimber (born June 17, 1964); he did not publicly acknowledge her until 1996.[267] After a reconciliation, he had two children with Johnson: Kyle Eastwood (born May 19, 1968) and Alison Eastwood (born May 22, 1972). Eastwood filed for divorce in 1979, after a long separation, but the $25 million divorce settlement was not finalized until May 1984.[268][269]

Eastwood entered a relationship with actress Sondra Locke in 1975. They lived together for fourteen years, despite the fact that Locke remained married (in name only) to her gay husband, Gordon Anderson.[270][271] They co-starred in six films together: The Outlaw Josey Wales, The Gauntlet, Every Which Way but Loose, Bronco Billy, Any Which Way You Can, and Sudden Impact. During the first four years of the relationship, Locke had two abortions followed by a tubal ligation.[272][273] On April 10, 1989, while Locke was directing the film Impulse, Eastwood changed the locks on their Bel Air home, had many of her possessions removed and placed in storage.[274] Locke filed a palimony suit against Eastwood, then sued him a second time in 1994 for fraud, regarding a phony directing contract he set up for her in settlement of the first lawsuit.[275] Locke and Eastwood finally resolved the dispute with a non-public settlement in 1999.[276] Her autobiography, The Good, the Bad, and the Very Ugly, includes a harrowing account of the events surrounding their separation.[277]

During the last four years of his cohabitation with Locke, Eastwood had an intermittent, hidden affair with flight attendant Jacelyn Reeves. According to biographers, the two met at the premiere of Pale Rider where they conceived a son, Scott Reeves (born March 21, 1986).[278] They also had a daughter, Kathryn Reeves (born February 2, 1988).[269] The birth certificates for both children stated "Father declined,"[279][280] and Eastwood did not publicly acknowledge them until 1999.[281] Kathryn served as Miss Golden Globe at the 2005 ceremony where she presented Eastwood with an award for Million Dollar Baby.[282]

In 1990, Eastwood began living with actress Frances Fisher, whom he had met on the set of Pink Cadillac (1989).[283] They worked together in Unforgiven and had a daughter, Francesca Fisher-Eastwood (born August 7, 1993).[284] The couple ended their relationship in early 1995,[285] but remain friends and later appeared together in True Crime.

Eastwood with wife Dina in 2007

Eastwood subsequently began dating Dina Ruiz, a television news anchor 35 years his junior, whom he had first met when she interviewed him in 1993.[284] They married on March 31, 1996, when Eastwood surprised her with a private ceremony at his home on the Shadow Creek Golf Course in Las Vegas.[286] After their wedding, Dina commented "The fact that I am only the second woman he has married really touches me."[287] The couple has one daughter, Morgan Eastwood (born December 12, 1996).[288]

Leisure[link]

Despite smoking in some of his films, Eastwood is a lifelong non-smoker, has been conscious of his health and fitness since he was a teenager, and practices healthy eating and daily Transcendental Meditation.[289][290][291] He opened an old English-inspired pub called the Hog's Breath Inn in Carmel-by-the-Sea in 1971.[292] Eastwood eventually sold the pub and now owns the Mission Ranch Hotel and Restaurant, also located in Carmel-by-the-Sea.[293][294]

Eastwood is a keen golfer and owns the Tehàma Golf Club. He is also an investor in the world-renowned Pebble Beach Golf Links and donates his time every year to charitable causes at major tournaments.[293][295][296] Eastwood is a licensed pilot and often flies his helicopter to the studios to avoid traffic.[297][298]

Music[link]

Eastwood has had a passion for music all his life. He particularly favors jazz, classic rhythm-and-blues, and country-and-western music. He is also a pianist and composer.[299] Jazz has played an important role in Eastwood's life from a young age and, although he never made it as a professional musician, he passed on the influence to his son Kyle Eastwood, a successful jazz bassist and composer. Eastwood developed as a boogie-woogie pianist early on and had originally intended to pursue a career in music by studying for a music theory degree after graduating from high school. In late 1959 he produced the album Cowboy Favorites, released on the Cameo label.[299]

Eastwood has his own Warner Bros. Records-distributed imprint Malpaso Records, as part of his deal with Warner Brothers, which has released all of the scores of Eastwood's films from The Bridges of Madison County onward. Eastwood co-wrote "Why Should I Care" with Linda Thompson and Carole Bayer Sager, which was recorded by Diana Krall.[300] Eastwood composed the film scores of Mystic River, Million Dollar Baby, Flags of Our Fathers, Grace Is Gone, Changeling, Hereafter, J. Edgar, and the original piano compositions for In the Line of Fire. He also wrote and performed the song heard over the credits of Gran Torino.[293] The music in Grace Is Gone received two Golden Globe nominations by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for the 65th Golden Globe Awards. Eastwood was nominated for Best Original Score, while the song "Grace is Gone" with music by Eastwood and lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager was nominated for Best Original Song.[301] It won the Satellite Award for Best Song at the 12th Satellite Awards. Changeling was nominated for Best Score at the 14th Critics' Choice Awards, Best Original Score at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, and Best Music at the 35th Saturn Awards. On September 22, 2007, Eastwood was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music at the Monterey Jazz Festival, on which he serves as an active board member. Upon receiving the award he gave a speech claiming, "It's one of the great honors I'll cherish in this lifetime."[302]

Awards and honors[link]

Academy Awards
Year Award Film Result
1992 Best Director Unforgiven Won
Best Picture Unforgiven Won
Best Actor Unforgiven Nominated
1994 Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award Won
2003 Best Director Mystic River Nominated
Best Picture Mystic River Nominated
2004 Best Director Million Dollar Baby Won
Best Picture Million Dollar Baby Won
Best Actor Million Dollar Baby Nominated
2006 Best Director Letters from Iwo Jima Nominated
Best Picture Letters from Iwo Jima Nominated

Eastwood has been recognized with multiple awards and nominations for his work in film, television, and music. His widest reception has been in film work, for which he has received Academy Awards, Directors Guild of America Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and People's Choice Awards, among others. Eastwood is one of only two people to have been twice nominated for Best Actor and Best Director for the same film (Unforgiven and Million Dollar Baby) the other being Warren Beatty (Heaven Can Wait and Reds). Along with Beatty, Robert Redford, Richard Attenborough, Kevin Costner, and Mel Gibson, he is one of the few directors best known as an actor to win an Academy Award for directing. On February 27, 2005, he became one of only three living directors (along with Miloš Forman and Francis Ford Coppola) to have directed two Best Picture winners.[303] At age 74, he was also the oldest recipient of the Academy Award for Best Director. Eastwood has directed five actors in Academy Award–winning performances: Gene Hackman in Unforgiven, Tim Robbins and Sean Penn in Mystic River, and Morgan Freeman and Hilary Swank in Million Dollar Baby.

Clint Eastwood display in the entrance to the California Hall of Fame

On August 22, 1984, Eastwood was honored at a ceremony at Grauman's Chinese theater to record his hand and footprints in cement.[304] Eastwood received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1996, and received an honorary degree from AFI in 2009. On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Eastwood into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.[305] In early 2007, Eastwood was presented with the highest civilian distinction in France, Légion d'honneur, at a ceremony in Paris. French President Jacques Chirac told Eastwood that he embodied "the best of Hollywood".[306] In October 2009, he was honored by the Lumière Award (in honor of the Lumière Brothers, inventors of the Cinematograph) during the first edition of the Lumière Film Festival in Lyon, France. This award honors his entire career and his major contribution to the 7th Art. In February 2010, Eastwood was recognized by President Barack Obama with an arts and humanities award. Obama described Eastwood's films as "essays in individuality, hard truths and the essence of what it means to be American."[307]

Eastwood has also been awarded at least three honorary degrees from universities and colleges, including an honorary degree from the University of the Pacific in 2006, an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Southern California on May 27, 2007, and an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music at the Monterey Jazz Festival on September 22, 2007.[308][309]

On 22 July 2009, Eastwood was bestowed by Emperor Akihito of Japan with the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon for his notable contributions to the enhancement of Japan – U.S. relations.[310]

Filmography[link]

Eastwood has contributed to over 50 films over his career as actor, director, producer, and composer. He has acted in several television series, most notably starring in Rawhide. He started directing in 1971, and made his debut as a producer in 1982, with Firefox, though he had been functioning as uncredited producer on all of his Malpaso Company films since Hang 'Em High in 1968. Eastwood also has contributed music to his films, either through performing, writing, or composing. He has mainly starred in western, action, and drama films. According to the box office-revenue tracking website, Box Office Mojo, films featuring Eastwood have grossed a total of more than US$1.68 billion domestically, with an average of $37 million per film.[311]

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  237. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 173 (interviewer Denise Abbott)
  238. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 235 (interviewer Pascal Mérigeau)
  239. ^ a b Kapsis and Coblentz, pp. 67–68 (interviewer Ric Gentry)
  240. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 91 (interviewer David Thomson)
  241. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 60 (interviewer Ric Gentry)
  242. ^ Fayard, Judy (July 23, 1971). Who can stand 32,580 seconds of Clint Eastwood?. Time Inc.. p. 46. ISSN 00243019. http://books.google.com/books?id=OEAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44. Retrieved March 8, 2011. 
  243. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 45 (interviewers Richard Thompson and Tim Hunter)
  244. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 71 (interviewer Ric Gentry)
  245. ^ Kapsis and Coblentz, p. 143 (interviewer Milan Pavolić)
  246. ^ Sara Anson Vaux, The Ethical Vision of Clint Eastwood (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011)
  247. ^ Eliot, p. 115
  248. ^ a b c "Clint Eastwood: 1974 Playboy Interview". Playboy. February 1974. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5vxsTt7uJ. 
  249. ^ http://www.clinteastwood.net/welcome/alt/
  250. ^ a b "Clint Eastwood: 1997 Playboy Interview". Playboy. March 1997. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5vxsmHBb6. 
  251. ^ a b McCafferty, Dennis (January 25, 2004). "American Icon series – Clint Eastwood". USA Weekend. 
  252. ^ Cooper, Marc (May 8, 2003). "Left Coast Notes". The Nation. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. http://www.thenation.com/article/left-coast-notes-3. 
  253. ^ Schickel, p. 380
  254. ^ Eliot, p. 227
  255. ^ The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Ltd.. 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=IeftAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved January 16, 2011. 
  256. ^ a b "'Terminator' fires Clint Eastwood, Shriver". USA Today. Associated Press. March 20, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-03-20-schwarzeneggar-firings_N.htm. 
  257. ^ a b Young, Samantha (March 20, 2008). "Schwarzenegger removes his brother-in-law and Clint Eastwood from Calif. parks panel". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/state/20080320-1635-schwarzenegger-parks.html. 
  258. ^ "Group wants probe into governor's removal of Eastwood, Shriver". San Diego Union Tribune. Associated Press. March 22, 2008. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/state/20080322-1416-ca-schwarzenegger-parkscommission.html. 
  259. ^ "Schwarzenegger to boost Hollywood". BBC News Online. April 16, 2004. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3631261.stm. 
  260. ^ Go Ahead. Make His Day. Boy Scouts of America. June 2005. p. 15. ISSN 00068608. http://books.google.com/books?id=YvwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15. Retrieved January 23, 2011. 
  261. ^ Aguilar, Lou (July 18, 2008). "Real Men Vote for McCain". National Review. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/225026/real-men-vote-mccain/lou-aguilar#more. 
  262. ^ "Clint Eastwood On 'Gran Torino', Getting Old And The Spike Lee Feud". The Huffington Post. December 10, 2008. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/.../clint-eastwood-on-gran-to_n_149862.html. 
  263. ^ http://www.celebritysentry.com/actors/clint-eastwood-doesnt-think-obamas-doing-a-good-job/
  264. ^ "Clint Eastwood writes plea to save UK Film Council". BBC News Online. August 9, 2010. Archived from the original on January 23, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-10911948. 
  265. ^ Eliot, p. 211
  266. ^ Munn, p. 19
  267. ^ Eliot, p. 68
  268. ^ Eliot, p. 176
  269. ^ a b Eliot, p. 6
  270. ^ "Locke Biography". Annonline.com. http://www.annonline.com/interviews/971111/biography.html. Retrieved 2012-03-19. 
  271. ^ Locke, Sondra (1997). The Good, the Bad, and the Very Ugly: a Hollywood Journey. Morrow. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-688-15462-2. 
  272. ^ Eliot, p. 193
  273. ^ "Sondra Locke Suing Clint Eastwood". Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. April 28, 1989. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H70gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sWkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4573%2C3414437. Retrieved April 29, 2010. 
  274. ^ McGilligan, p. 441
  275. ^ O'Neill, Ann W. (September 18, 1996). "Sondra Locke Suing Clint Eastwood". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16576835.html?dids=16576835:16576835&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+18%2C+1996&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Eastwood+Denies+Fraud+in+Film+Deal+for+Former+Lover&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 29, 2010. 
  276. ^ Huffaker, Donna (May 25, 1999). "Eastwood's Ex Settles With Warner Bros.". Los Angeles Daily News (Highbeam Research). http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83612488.html. Retrieved April 29, 2010. 
  277. ^ "Book Review: Book Review: 'The Good, the Bad and the Very Ugly', by Sondra Locke – EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290016,00.html. 
  278. ^ Eliot, p. 226
  279. ^ Eliot, p. 252
  280. ^ Locke, Sondra (1997). The Good, the Bad, and the Very Ugly: a Hollywood Journey. Morrow. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-688-15462-2. 
  281. ^ Eliot, p. 236
  282. ^ "HFPA - Miss/Mr. Golden Globe". Goldenglobes.org. http://www.goldenglobes.org/miss_golden_globe/. Retrieved 2012-03-19. 
  283. ^ McGilligan, p. 434
  284. ^ a b Eliot, p. 289
  285. ^ McGilligan, p. 501
  286. ^ "Clint's wife expecting". Toronto Star. Reuters. September 6, 1996. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/18702402.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+06%2C+1996&author=&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Clint%27s+wife+expecting&pqatl=google. Retrieved March 7, 2011. 
  287. ^ Eliot, p.295
  288. ^ McGilligan, p. 328
  289. ^ McGilligan, p. 108
  290. ^ Oates, p. 17
  291. ^ Corliss, Richard (August 10, 1992). "The Last Roundup". Time. 
  292. ^ McGilligan, p. 204
  293. ^ a b c Headlam, Bruce (December 10, 2008). "The Films Are for Him. Got That?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/14/movies/14head.html. 
  294. ^ "Welcome to Mission Ranch". Mission Ranch Hotel and Restaurant. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. http://www.missionranchcarmel.com/. 
  295. ^ Weiss, Kenneth R. (June 14, 2007). "California rejects Clint Eastwood's Monterey golf course". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. http://travel.latimes.com/articles/la-trw-pebblebeach14jun14. 
  296. ^ "Clint Eastwood "Makes Their Day"". The Stroke Association. March 18, 2002. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. http://www.stroke.org.uk/media_centre/press_releases/clint_eastwood.html. 
  297. ^ Schickel, p. 25
  298. ^ Eliot, p. 131
  299. ^ a b McGilligan, p. 114
  300. ^ "Krall, Eastwood Team For 'crime'". Billboard (AllBusiness.com). March 11, 1999. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4607056-1.html. 
  301. ^ "Hollywood Foreign Press Association 2008 Golden Globe Awards For the Year Ended December 31, 2007". goldenglobes.org. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007. http://www.goldenglobes.org/news/id/81. Retrieved January 19, 2011. 
  302. ^ "Clint Eastwood Receives Berklee Degree at Monterey Jazz Festival (news release)". Berklee College of Music. September 24, 2007. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://www.berklee.edu/news/2007/09/0924.html. 
  303. ^ French, Philip (February 25, 2007). "Interview: Clint Eastwood, 'I figured I'd retire gradually, just ride off into the sunset ...'". The Guardian (London). Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/feb/25/clinteastwood.oscars. 
  304. ^ Eliot, p. 213
  305. ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (December 6, 2006). "Eastwood to share top billing in Hall of Fame". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011. http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-12-06/bay-area/17325327_1_dirty-harry-academy-tests-police-academy. 
  306. ^ "Eastwood receives French honour". BBC News Online. February 17, 2007. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6371461.stm. 
  307. ^ Simmons, Christine (February 25, 2010). "Bob Dylan, Clint Eastwood get White House awards". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2010-02-25-white-house-awards_N.htm. 
  308. ^ Bowen, Rebecca (September 13, 2007). "Berklee awards Clint Eastwood honorary doctorate". Paste. Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2007/09/berklee-awards-clint-eastwood-honorary-doctorate.html. 
  309. ^ "An honorary Trojan". Los Angeles Times. May 12, 2007. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1269513241.html?dids=1269513241:1269513241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+12%2C+2007&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=An+honorary+Trojan&pqatl=google. Retrieved January 17, 2011. 
  310. ^ Clint Eastwood receives Japanese decoration in LA - webiste Japan Today
  311. ^ "Clint Eastwood". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?id=clinteastwood.htm. Retrieved January 16, 2011. 

Bibliography[link]

  • Baker, Brian (2006). Masculinity in Fiction and Film: Representing Men in Popular Genres, 1945–2000. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-8652-3. 
  • Baldwin, Louis (1999). Turning Points: Pivotal Moments in the Careers of 83 Famous Figures. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0626-5. 
  • Canby, Vincent; Maslin, Janet; Nichols, Peter (1999). The New York Times Guide to the Best 1000 Movies Ever Made. New York: Times Books. ISBN 0-8129-3001-0. 
  • Cardullo, Bert (2010). Screen Writings: Genres, Classics, and Aesthetics. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-1-84331-837-8. 
  • Eliot, Marc (2009). American Rebel: The Life of Clint Eastwood. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-307-33688-0. 
  • Emery, Robert J. (2003). The Directors: Take 3. Allworth Press. ISBN 1-58115-245-0. 
  • Fischer, Lucy; Landy, Marcia; Smith, Paul (2004). Stars: The Film Reader: Action Movie Hysteria of Eastwood Bound. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27893-7. 
  • Fitzgerald, Michael G.; Magers, Boyd (2002). Ladies of the Western: Interviews With Fifty-One More Actresses from the Silent Era to the Television Westerns of the 1950s and 1960s. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1140-6. 
  • Frank, Alan (1982). Clint Eastwood: Screen Greats. New York: Exeter. ISBN 0-89673-135-9. 
  • Frayling, Christopher (1992). Clint Eastwood. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-86369-307-5. 
  • Gallafent, Edward (1994). Clint Eastwood. New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-0665-3. 
  • Hughes, Howard (2009). Aim for the Heart. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-902-7. 
  • Johnston, Robert K. (2007). Reframing Theology and Film: New Focus for an Emerging Discipline. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-3240-0. 
  • Kapsis, Robert E.; Coblentz, Kathie, ed. (1999). Clint Eastwood: Interviews. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-070-2. 
  • Kitses, Jim (2004). Horizons West. British Film Institute. ISBN 1-84457-050-9. 
  • Lichtenfeld, Eric (2007). Action Speaks Louder. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6801-5. 
  • Lloyd, Ann; Robinson, David (1987). The Illustrated History of the Cinema. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-919241-2. 
  • Mathijs, Ernest; Mendik, Xavier (July 7, 2004). Alternative Europe: Eurotrash and Exploitation Cinema Since 1945. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-903364-93-2. 
  • McGilligan, Patrick (1999). Clint: The Life and Legend. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-638354-8. 
  • Mercer, Jane (1975). Great Lovers of the Movies. New York: Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-13126-9. 
  • Munn, Michael (1992). Clint Eastwood: Hollywood's Loner. London: Robson. ISBN 978-0-86051-790-0. 
  • Oates, Bob (1976). Celebrating the Dawn: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the TM Technique. New York: Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11815-2. 
  • O'Brien, Daniel (1996). Clint Eastwood: Film-Maker. London: B. T. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-7839-X. 
  • Ivy Press (November 1, 2005). Heritage Vintage Movie Poster Signature Auction 2005 Catalog #624. Heritage Capital Corporation. ISBN 978-1-59967-004-1. 
  • Roberts, James B.; Skutt, Alexander (2006). The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book. Ithaca, N.Y.: McBooks Press. ISBN 1-59013-121-5. 
  • Rogin, Michael Paul (1988). Ronald Reagan, the Movie and Other Episodes in Political Demonology. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06469-0. 
  • Schickel, Richard (1996). Clint Eastwood: A Biography. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-42974-6. 
  • Slocum, J. David (2001). Violence and American Cinema. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92810-9. 
  • Smith, Paul (1993). Clint Eastwood: A Cultural Production: Volume 8 of American Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1960-3. 
  • Stillman, Deanne (1981). Getting Back at Dad. Wideview Books. ISBN 978-0-87223-725-4. 
  • Sweeney, Patrick (December 13, 2004). The Gun Digest Book of Smith & Wesson. Gun Digest Books. ISBN 978-0-87349-792-3. 
  • Verlhac, Pierre-Henri; Bogdanovich, Peter (September 1, 2008). Clint Eastwood: A Life in Pictures. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-6154-0. 
  • Zmijewsky, Boris; Lee Pfeiffer (1982). The Films of Clint Eastwood. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0863-9. 

Further reading[link]

External links[link]

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"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.

The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.[1]

Contents

History[link]

The earliest recorded use[citation needed] of the term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to a letter written by a young Alexander Hamilton in September 1772, when he was 15. In a letter to his father James Hamilton, published in the Royal Dutch-American Gazette, he described the response of the Dutch governor of St. Croix to a hurricane that raked that island on August 31, 1772. "Our General has issued several very salutary and humane regulations and both in his publick and private measures, has shewn himself the Man." [2][dubious ] In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.

It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch, and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.

The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in U.S. News and World Report, had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine Easyriders which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."

In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema, featuring particularly prominently as a recurring motif in the 2003 film School of Rock.[3][4][5][6]

Use as praise[link]

The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."[7][dubious ]

In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.

See also[link]

Notes[link]

  1. ^ "stick it to the man". AllWords.com (English Dictionary - With Multi-Lingual Search). http://www.allwords.com/word-stick+it+to+the+man.html. 
  2. ^ Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Volume 1, Page 38, Columbia University Press, 1961
  3. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0332379/quotes
  4. ^ http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/School_of_Rock
  5. ^ http://www.moviefanatic.com/quotes/movies/school-of-rock/
  6. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37oJqWp4rJM
  7. ^ Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, Simon & Schuster, 1994, p155.

References[link]

  • Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). Random House Dictionary of American Slang. New York: Random House.

http://wn.com/The_Man

Related pages:

http://de.wn.com/The Man (Begriff)




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Thelonious Monk

Thelonious Monk, at Minton's Playhouse, New York, 1947
Background information
Birth name Thelonious Sphere Monk
Born (1917-10-10)October 10, 1917
Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States
Origin Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States
Died February 17, 1982(1982-02-17) (aged 64)
Englewood, New Jersey, United States
Genres Jazz, bebop, hard bop
Occupations Pianist, composer
Instruments Piano
Years active 1940s-1973[1]
Labels Blue Note, Prestige, Riverside, Columbia
Website http://www.monkzone.com

Thelonious Sphere Monk[2] (October 10, 1917[3] – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer considered one of the giants of American music.[4] Monk had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including "Epistrophy", "'Round Midnight", "Blue Monk", "Straight, No Chaser" and "Well, You Needn't". Monk is the second most recorded jazz composer after Duke Ellington, which is particularly remarkable as Ellington composed over 1,000 songs while Monk wrote about 70.[5]

His compositions and improvisations are full of dissonant harmonies and angular melodic twists, and are consistent with Monk's unorthodox approach to the piano, which combined a highly percussive attack with abrupt, dramatic use of silences and hesitations. This was not a style universally appreciated; poet and jazz critic Philip Larkin dismissed Monk as 'the elephant on the keyboard'.[6]

Monk's manner was idiosyncratic. Visually, he was renowned for his distinctive style in suits, hats and sunglasses. He was also noted for the fact that at times, while the other musicians in the band continued playing, he would stop, stand up from the keyboard and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano.

He is one[7] of five jazz musicians to have been featured on the cover of Time (the other four being Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Wynton Marsalis, and Dave Brubeck) as of 2010.[8]

Contents

Early life[link]

Thelonious Monk was born October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk, two years after his sister Marion. A brother, Thomas, was born in January 1920.[9] In 1922, the family moved to 243 West 63rd Street, in Manhattan, New York City. Monk started playing the piano at the age of six. Although he had some formal training and eavesdropped on his sister's piano lessons, he was largely self-taught. Monk attended Stuyvesant High School, but did not graduate. He toured with an evangelist in his teens, playing the church organ, and in his late teens he began to find work playing jazz.

In the early to mid 1940s, Monk was the house pianist at Minton's Playhouse, a Manhattan nightclub. Much of Monk's style was developed during his time at Minton's, when he participated in after-hours "cutting competitions" which featured many leading jazz soloists of the time. The Minton's scene was crucial in the formulation of bebop and it brought Monk into close contact with other leading exponents of the emerging idiom, including Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Christian, Kenny Clarke, Charlie Parker and later, Miles Davis. Monk is believed to be the pianist featured on recordings Jerry Newman made around 1941 at the club. Monk's style at this time was later described as "hard-swinging," with the addition of runs in the style of Art Tatum. Monk's stated influences included Duke Ellington, James P. Johnson, and other early stride pianists. In the documentary Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser, it is stated that Monk lived in the same neighborhood in New York City as Johnson and knew him as a teenager.

Mary Lou Williams, among others, spoke of Monk's rich inventiveness in this period, and how such invention was vital for musicians since at the time it was common for fellow musicians to incorporate overheard musical ideas into their own works without giving due credit. "So, the boppers worked out a music that was hard to steal. I'll say this for the `leeches', though: they tried. I've seen them in Minton's busily writing on their shirt cuffs or scribbling on the tablecloth. And even our own guys, I'm afraid, did not give Monk the credit he had coming. Why, they even stole his idea of the beret and bop glasses."[10]

Early recordings (1944–1954)[link]

(From left) Thelonious Monk, Howard McGhee, Roy Eldridge, and Teddy Hill, Minton's Playhouse, New York, N.Y., ca. Sept. 1947

In 1944 Monk made his first studio recordings with the Coleman Hawkins Quartet. Hawkins was among the first prominent jazz musicians to promote Monk, and Monk later returned the favor by inviting Hawkins to join him on the 1957 session with John Coltrane. Monk made his first recordings as leader for Blue Note in 1947 (later anthologised on Genius of Modern Music, Vol. 1) which showcased his talents as a composer of original melodies for improvisation. Monk married Nellie Smith the same year, and in 1949 the couple had a son, T. S. Monk, who is a jazz drummer. A daughter, Barbara (affectionately known as Boo-Boo), was born in 1953.

In August 1951, New York City police searched a parked car occupied by Monk and friend Bud Powell. The police found narcotics in the car, presumed to have belonged to Powell. Monk refused to testify against his friend, so the police confiscated his New York City Cabaret Card. Without the all-important cabaret card he was unable to play in any New York venue where liquor was served, and this severely restricted his ability to perform for several crucial years. Monk spent most of the early and mid-1950s composing, recording, and performing at theaters and out-of-town gigs.

After his cycle of intermittent recording sessions for Blue Note during 1947–1952, he was under contract to Prestige Records for the following two years. With Prestige he cut several highly significant, but at the time under-recognized, albums, including collaborations with saxophonist Sonny Rollins and drummers Art Blakey and Max Roach. In 1954, Monk participated in a Christmas Eve session which produced most of the albums Bags' Groove and Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants by Miles Davis. Davis found Monk's idiosyncratic accompaniment style difficult to improvise over and asked him to lay out (not accompany), which almost brought them to blows. However, in Miles Davis' autobiography Miles, Davis claims that the anger and tension between Monk and himself never took place and that the claims of blows being exchanged were "rumors" and a "misunderstanding".[11]

In 1954, Monk paid his first visit to Europe, performing and recording in Paris. Backstage Mary Lou Williams introduced him to Baroness Pannonica "Nica" de Koenigswarter, a member of the Rothschild family and a patroness of several New York City jazz musicians. She would be a close friend for the rest of Monk's life, including taking responsibility for him when she and Monk were charged with marijuana possession.

Riverside Records (1955–1961)[link]

At the time of his signing to Riverside, Monk was highly regarded by his peers and by some critics, but his records did not sell in significant numbers, and his music was still regarded as too "difficult" for mass-market acceptance. Indeed, with Monk's consent, Riverside had managed to buy out his previous Prestige contract for a mere $108.24. He willingly recorded two albums of jazz standards as a means of increasing his profile. The first of these, Thelonious Monk Plays the Music of Duke Ellington, featuring bass innovator Oscar Pettiford and drummer Kenny Clarke, included Ellington pieces "Caravan" and "It Don't Mean A Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)".

On the 1956 LP Brilliant Corners, Monk recorded his own music. The complex title track, which featured tenor saxophonist Sonny Rollins, was so difficult to play that the final version had to be edited together from multiple takes. The album, however, was largely regarded as the first success for Monk; according to Orrin Keepnews, "It was the first that made a real splash."[citation needed]

After having his cabaret card restored, Monk relaunched his New York career with a landmark six-month residency at the Five Spot Cafe in New York beginning in June 1957, leading a quartet with John Coltrane on tenor saxophone, Wilbur Ware on bass, and Shadow Wilson on drums. Unfortunately little of this group's music was documented due to contractual problems, Coltrane being signed to Prestige at the time. One short studio session was made for Riverside (only released later by its subsidiary Jazzland in 1961) and a larger group recording featuring Coltrane was split between that album and Monk's Music; an amateur tape from the Five Spot (not the original residency, but a later September 1958 reunion with Coltrane sitting in for Johnny Griffin) was issued on Blue Note in 1993; and a recording of the quartet performing at a Carnegie Hall concert on November 29, previously "rumoured to exist",[12] was recorded in high fidelity by Voice of America, rediscovered in the collection of the Library of Congress in 2005 and released by Blue Note.

"Crepuscule With Nellie", recorded in 1957, "was Monk's only, what's called through-composed composition, meaning that there is no improvising. It is Monk's concerto, if you will, and in some ways it speaks for itself. But he wrote it very, very carefully and very deliberately and really struggled to make it sound the way it sounds. [... I]t was his love song for Nellie," said biographer Kelley in an interview.[13]

The Five Spot residency ended Christmas 1957, Coltrane left to rejoin Miles Davis's seminal sextet, and the band was effectively disbanded. Monk did not form another long-term band until June 1958, when he began a second residency at the Five Spot, again with a quartet, this time with Griffin (and later Charlie Rouse) on tenor, Ahmed Abdul-Malik on bass, and Roy Haynes on drums.

On October 15, 1958, the residency having ended and en route to a week-long engagement for the quartet at the Comedy Club in Baltimore, Maryland, Monk and de Koenigswarter were detained by police in Wilmington, Delaware. When Monk refused to answer the policemen's questions or cooperate with them, they beat him with a blackjack. Though the police were authorized to search the vehicle and found narcotics in suitcases held in the trunk of the Baroness's car, Judge Christie of the Delaware Superior Court ruled that the unlawful detention of the pair, and the beating of Monk, rendered the consent to the search void as given under duress.[14] Monk was represented by Theophilus Nix, the second African-American member of the Delaware Bar Association.

Columbia Records (1962–1970)[link]

After extended negotiations, Monk signed in 1962 to Columbia Records, one of the big four American record labels of the day along with RCA Victor, Capitol, and Decca. Monk's relationship with Riverside had soured over disagreements concerning royalty payments and had concluded with a brace of European live albums; he had not recorded a studio album since 5 by Monk by 5 in June 1959.

Working with producer Teo Macero on his debut for the label,[15] the sessions in the first week of November had a stable line-up that had been with him for two years: tenor saxophonist Charlie Rouse (who worked with Monk from 1959 to 1970), bassist John Ore, and drummer Frankie Dunlop. Monk's Dream, his earliest Columbia album, was released in 1963.

Columbia's resources allowed Monk to be promoted more widely than earlier in his career. Monk's Dream would remain the best-selling LP of his lifetime,[16] and on February 28, 1964, Monk appeared on the cover of Time magazine, being featured in the article "The Loneliest Monk".[17] He continued to record a number of well-reviewed studio albums, particularly Criss Cross, also from 1963, and Underground, from 1968. But by the Columbia years his compositional output was limited, and only his final Columbia studio record Underground featured a substantial number of new tunes, including his only waltz time piece, "Ugly Beauty".

As had been the case with Riverside, his period with Columbia Records contains many live albums, including Miles and Monk at Newport (1963), Live at the It Club and Live at the Jazz Workshop, both recorded in 1964, the latter not being released until 1982. After the departure of Ore and Dunlop, the remainder of the rhythm section in Monk's quartet during the bulk of his Columbia period was Larry Gales on bass and Ben Riley on drums, both of whom joined in 1964, Along with Rouse, they remained with Monk for over four years, his longest-serving band.

According to biographer Kelley, the 1964 Time appearance came because "Barry Farrell, who wrote the cover story, wanted to write about a jazz musician and almost by default Monk was chosen, because they thought Ray Charles and Miles Davis were too controversial. ... [Monk] wasn't so political. [...O]f course, I challenge that [in the biography]," said Kelley.[13]

Later life[link]

Monk had disappeared from the scene by the mid-1970s, and made only a small number of appearances during the final decade of his life. His last studio recordings as a leader were made in November 1971 for the English Black Lion label, near the end of a worldwide tour with "The Giants of Jazz," a group which included Dizzy Gillespie, Kai Winding, Sonny Stitt, Al McKibbon and Art Blakey. Bassist Al McKibbon, who had known Monk for over twenty years and played on his final tour in 1971, later said: "On that tour Monk said about two words. I mean literally maybe two words. He didn't say 'Good morning', 'Goodnight', 'What time?' Nothing. Why, I don't know. He sent word back after the tour was over that the reason he couldn't communicate or play was that Art Blakey and I were so ugly."[18] A different side of Monk is revealed in Lewis Porter's biography, John Coltrane: His Life and Music; Coltrane states: "Monk is exactly the opposite of Miles [Davis]: he talks about music all the time, and he wants so much for you to understand that if, by chance, you ask him something, he'll spend hours if necessary to explain it to you."[19]

The documentary film Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988) attributes Monk's quirky behaviour to mental illness. In the film, Monk's son, T. S. Monk, says that his father sometimes did not recognize him, and he reports that Monk was hospitalized on several occasions due to an unspecified mental illness that worsened in the late 1960s. No reports or diagnoses were ever publicized, but Monk would often become excited for two or three days, pace for days after that, after which he would withdraw and stop speaking. Physicians recommended electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment option for Monk's illness, but his family would not allow it; antipsychotics and lithium were prescribed instead.[20][21] Other theories abound: Leslie Gourse, author of the book Straight, No Chaser: The Life and Genius of Thelonious Monk (1997), reported that at least one of Monk's psychiatrists failed to find evidence of manic depression or schizophrenia. Another physician maintains that Monk was misdiagnosed and prescribed drugs during his hospital stay that may have caused brain damage.[20]

As his health declined, Monk's last six years were spent as a guest in the New Jersey home of his long-standing patron and friend, Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter, who had also nursed Charlie Parker during his final illness. Monk did not play the piano during this time, even though one was present in his room, and he spoke to few visitors. He died of a stroke on February 17, 1982, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. In 1993, he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award,[22] and in 2006, Monk was posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation.[23]

Art Blakey reports that Monk was excellent at both chess and checkers (draughts).[24]

Tributes[link]

Soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy performed as Monk's accompanist in 1960. Monk's tunes became a permanent part of his repertoire in concert and on albums. Lacy released several albums entirely focused on Monk's compositions including Reflections, School Days, Epistrophy, Eronel, Only Monk, and More Monk.

Gunther Schuller wrote the work "Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk" in 1960. It was later performed and recorded by other artists, including Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy, and Bill Evans.

Stevie Wonder wrote the song "Thelonious" which appears on Jeff Beck's 1975 album Blow by Blow.

In 1983, saxophonist Arthur Blythe's album Light Blue: Arthur Blythe Plays Thelonious Monk was released by Columbia Records.

Anthony Braxton recorded Six Monk's Compositions (1987) in 1987, and pianist Ran Blake recorded Epistrophy in 1991.

Round Midnight Variations is a collection of variations on the song "'Round Midnight" premiered in 2002. Composers contributing included Roberto Andreoni, Milton Babbitt, Alberto Barbero, Carlo Boccadoro, William Bolcom, David Crumb. George Crumb, Michael Daugherty, Filippo Del Corno, John Harbison, Joel Hoffman, Aaron Jay Kernis, Gerald Levinson, Tobias Picker, Matthew Quayle, Frederic Rzewski, Augusta Read Thomas and Michael Torke.[25]

Free jazz pianist Alexander von Schlippenbach and his band recorded every composition by Monk for Monk's Casino, released as a triple CD set in 2004.

Salim Ghazi Saeedi has dedicated a song entitled "For Thelonious, and His 88 Holy Names" to Thelonious Monk in his 2011 album, Human Encounter.[26]

Discography[link]

Blue Note Records (1948–1952)[link]

Prestige Records (1952–1954)[link]

Riverside Records (1955–1961)[link]

Columbia Records (1962–1968)[link]

Other labels[link]

As sideman[link]

With Coleman Hawkins

  • Bean and the Boys (Prestige 7824) 1944

With Milt Jackson

With Miles Davis

With Sonny Rollins

With Gigi Gryce

With Clark Terry

Compilations[link]

  • Monk's Miracles (1966)
  • Monk's Greatest Hits (Columbia, 1968)
  • Midnight at Minton's (c.1941, issued 1973 under Don Byas' name. Monk does not play on all tracks of this or the other two CDs of 1941 material)
  • After Hours (c.1941, issued 1973 under Charlie Christian's name)
  • After Hours in Harlem c.1941, issued 1973 under Hot Lips Page's name
  • April in Paris (Monk album)|April in Paris (1981 2-LP set of the 18 April 1961 Paris recordings)
  • Monk's Classic Recordings (1983)
  • Blues Five Spot (1984, unissued recordings from 1958–61, with various saxophonists and Thad Jones, cornet)
  • Something in Blue, Nice Work in London, Blue Sphere and The Man I Love (all 1971 recordings, collected in The London Collection 1988, three CDs)
  • The Complete Riverside Recordings of Thelonious Monk (1991, 15 CD, Riverside)
  • The Complete Blue Note Recordings of Thelonious Monk (1994, 4 CD, Blue Note)
  • Live at Monterey Jazz Festival '63 (sept. 21–2, 1963, MFSL, 2 vols. issued 1996-7)
  • Monk Alone: The Complete Solo Studio Recordings of Thelonious Monk 1962-1968 (1998, 2 CD, Sony)
  • The Complete Prestige Recordings of Thelonious Monk (2000, 3 CD, Prestige)
  • The Columbia Years: '62–'68 (2001, 3 CD, Sony)
  • The Complete Vogue Recordings/The Black Lion Sessions (1954–71) (3LP, Mosaic)

Compositions[link]

See List of Thelonious Monk Compositions

References[link]

  1. ^ Yanow, Scott. "Thelonious Monk". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/thelonious-monk-p106839/biography. Retrieved 2012-03-31. 
  2. ^ "Thelonious Monk (American musician) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/389556/Thelonious-Monk. Retrieved 2012-03-31. 
  3. ^ Robin D.G. Kelley Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of American Original, London: JR Books, 2010, p.1. The source identifies the day of Monk's fortieth birthday in 1957.
  4. ^ Richard Cook and Brian Morton The Penguin Guide to Jazz, 2008, London: Penguin, p1020
  5. ^ Giddins, Gary & Scott DeVeaux. Jazz (2009). New York: W.W. Norton & Co, ISBN 978-0-393-06861-0.
  6. ^ Spencer, C. (2010). In the steps of Larkin. The Spectator, Sept. 2010, London.
  7. ^ Time cover Feb. 28, 1964. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  8. ^ Search of Time covers for "jazz". Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  9. ^ Robin D.G. Kelley Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original, London: JR Books, 2010, p13
  10. ^ "Mary Lou Williams interview, Melody Maker, 1954". Ratical.org. http://www.ratical.org/MaryLouWilliams/MMiview1954.html. Retrieved 2012-03-31. 
  11. ^ Miles: The Autobiography With Quincy Troupe, 80
  12. ^ Chris Sheridan Brilliant Corners: A Bio-Discography, 2001, Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, p80
  13. ^ a b "Looking At The Life And Times Of Thelonious Monk", transcript of interview with Robin D.G. Kelley by Terry Gross on Fresh Air, NPR; conducted in 2009, replayed December 17, 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  14. ^ State v. De Koenigswarter, 177 A.2d 344 (Del. Super. 1962).
  15. ^ Marmorstein, Gary. The Label The Story of Columbia Records. New York: Thunder's Mouth, 2007, pp. 314-315.
  16. ^ Monk, Thelonious. Monk's Dream. Columbia reissue CK 63536, 2002, liner notes, p. 8
  17. ^ Gabbard, Krin (1964-02-28). "The Loneliest Monk". Time (Time, Inc.) 83 (9). http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,873856,00.html. Retrieved 2007-11-12. 
  18. ^ Voce, Steve (2005-08-01). "Obituary: Al McKibbon". The Independent (Findarticles.com). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20050801/ai_n14828122. Retrieved 2007-11-12. 
  19. ^ Porter, Lewis (1998). John Coltrane: His Life and Music. University of Michigan Press. p. 109. ISBN 0-472-10161-7. 
  20. ^ a b Gabbard, Krin (Autumn, 1999). "Evidence: Monk as Documentary Subject". Black Music Research Journal (Center for Black Music Research — Columbia College Chicago) 19 (2): 207–225. DOI:10.2307/779343. JSTOR 779343. 
  21. ^ Spence, Sean A (1998-10-24). "Thelonious Monk: His Life and Music". British Medical Journal (BMJ Publishing Group) 317 (7166): 1162A. PMC 1114134. PMID 9784478. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1114134. 
  22. ^ "GRAMMY.com — Lifetime Achievement Award". Past Recipients. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/. Retrieved 2007-11-12. 
  23. ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes". 2006 Special Award. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20071009204956/http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2006/special-citation/. Retrieved 2007-11-12. "A posthumous Special Citation to American composer Thelonious Monk for a body of distinguished and innovative musical composition that has had a significant and enduring impact on the evolution of jazz." 
  24. ^ "Art Blakey: Bu's Delights and Laments," by John B Litweiler in Downbeat magazine, 3/25/1976.
  25. ^ Matthew Quayle
  26. ^ "Human Encounter Album", Salim Ghazi Saeedi's Official Website, salimworld.com, Nov 2011
  27. ^ Grammy Hall of Fame

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Thelonious_Monk

Related pages:

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http://es.wn.com/Thelonious Monk

http://ru.wn.com/Монк, Телониус

http://pl.wn.com/Thelonious Monk

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http://pt.wn.com/Thelonious Monk




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