Origin

Relevance and use

The term ''zenith'' is sometimes used to refer to the highest point reached by a celestial body during its apparent orbit around a given point of observation. This sense of the word is often used to describe the location of the Sun ("The sun reached its zenith..."), but to an astronomer the sun doesn't have its own zenith, and is at the zenith only if it is directly overhead.

In a scientific context, the zenith is the direction of reference for measuring the zenith angle, the angle between a direction of interest (e.g., a star) and the local zenith.

In astronomy, the altitude in the horizontal coordinate system and the zenith angle are complementary angles, with the horizon perpendicular to the zenith. The astronomical meridian is also determined by the zenith, and is defined as a circle on the celestial sphere that passes through the zenith, nadir, and the celestial poles.

See also

References

Category:Celestial coordinate system Category:Arabic words and phrases Category:Technical factors of astrology Category:Astrological house systems

After Forever was a Dutch symphonic metal band with strong progressive metal influences. The band relied on the use of both soprano vocals and death grunts. In February 2009, it was announced that After Forever had disbanded.

Biography

In 1999 the band began composing their own songs and recorded two demos entitled ''Ephemeral'' and ''Wings Of Illusion'', which drew the attention of the Dutch Transmission Records label, with whom the band signed a contract.

Their debut album ''Prison Of Desire'' was recorded in 2000, featuring the guest appearance of Sharon Den Adel of the Dutch band Within Temptation on the song "Beyond Me". The album obtained very good reviews in Europe. By the end of the year, drummer André Borgman and keyboardist Lando van Gils joined the band, replacing Joep Beckers and Jack Driessen. During the year 2000, Floor Jansen was invited to guest sing in Ayreon's ''Universal Migrator Part 1: The Dream Sequencer'' album. Ayreon is the most successful of the many projects by Dutch guitarist Arjen Anthony Lucassen and this album is only the first of many other collaborations with Floor Jansen.

In 2001, the band released the album ''Decipher'', that featured for the first time live classical instruments and a live choir. The complex arrangements of the new compositions pushed After Forever's music even more towards the symphonic metal genre. In 2002 Mark Jansen, one of the main composers of the band, was fired from After Forever and subsequently assembled the band Epica, where he continued to pursue the contamination of symphonic metal with death metal elements, already present in the first two albums by After Forever. He was replaced by Bas Maas, who had been a roadie for the band for years. In 2003, the new line-up of After Forever released the EP and DVD ''Exordium''.

In 2004, the concept album ''Invisible Circles'' was released. The album, that deals with childhood traumas and abuse, introduced progressive metal elements to the music of After Forever and the use of a clean male voice. The album reached 24th place in the Dutch Top 100 musical chart. In the same year, Lando van Gils also left the band and was replaced by Joost van den Broek, a keyboard player that Floor Jansen had met during her tour with Star One .

In early September 2005, the band released their fourth album ''Remagine''. The album was produced using pre-recorded drum tracks by André Borgman, who had to take a long leave of absence to cure his illness. The songs of the album are simpler and more straightforward than in the previous albums, preserving anyway the usual dual voice dynamic in the sound of the band. On March 3, 2006, the band left the Transmission Records label, due to the scarce promotion that the label was providing to their albums. Following this departure, Transmission Records released the ''Mea Culpa'' compilation, with plenty of rarities and b-sides. By October of the same year, After Forever had signed to Nuclear Blast Records.

In the end of 2006 the band recorded their final and only album on the Nuclear Blast label, self titled ''After Forever''. It features guest appearances from Annihilator guitarist Jeff Waters and Doro Pesch. Videos of the recording sessions were available for download on the band's website. The album was released on April 23, 2007.

In January 2008, After Forever announced on their website that the band would be taking a break of at least a year, mainly to assess the health problems of vocalist and guitarist Sander Gommans, who had been absent during most of the tour supporting the album ''After Forever''. In an interview with Ragnarök radio, Floor said the band would get together early 2009 to discuss After Forever's future.

On February 5, 2009, After Forever announced that they decided to call it quits. The long break, during 2008 and 2009, had made them realize that they did not feel the passion towards the band any longer.

After the split up of the band, Sander Gommans published in 2009 the album ''System Overload'' with his solo project HDK and continues working as a high school art teacher. Floor Jansen started a new band called ReVamp and signed in 2010 a contract with Nuclear Blast for their first eponymous album. Joost van den Broek collaborated with both Gommans and Jansen on their new musical projects, meanwhile producing the Christmas Metal Symphony shows in 2008 and 2009 and Stream of Passion's second album ''The Flame Within''. Guitarist Bas Maas joined the live band supporting German hard rock singer Doro Pesch in 2008.

Line-up

Final line-up

Previous members

Guests

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

Demos

Compilations

Interviews

References

External links

Category:Dutch symphonic metal musical groups Category:Dutch progressive metal musical groups Category:Musical groups established in 1995 Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2009 Category:Musical sextets

After graduating from high school, Larsen attended Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Carnegie Mellon University and performed in nine shows. Afterward, he was a member of the ensemble for many off-Broadway productions including ''The Sound of Music'' and ''Seven Brides for Seven Brothers''. Larsen eventually landed a three-episode spot on TV's Boston Public. This exposure helped lead to his casting as Riff in ''West Side Story'', as well as the lead role of Bobby in the Broadway production ''Good Vibrations''. In October of 2008, David joined the company of Billy Elliot as an ensemble, as well as a Tony understudy. He briefly left the production in March of 2011 for four weeks to take on the role of Tunny in American Idiot, replacing actor Stark Sands. Currently, David is rehearsing with the cast of the new musical titled Hands on a Hardbody, set to premier at La Jolla Playhouse beginning April 27th.

External links

Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hillsboro, Oregon Category:People from Portland, Oregon Category:American actors Category:American television actors Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American stage actors Category:Hillsboro High School (Oregon) alumni