name	Mary Pickford
birth name	Gladys Marie Smith
birth date	April 08, 1892
birth place	Toronto, Ontario, Canada
death date	May 29, 1979
death place	Santa Monica, California
spouse	Owen Moore (m.1911-1920; divorced) Douglas Fairbanks (m.1920-1936; divorced) Charles Rogers (m.1937-1979; divorced)
years active	1905-1949
occupation	Actress }}

Mary Pickford (April 8, 1892 - May 29, 1979) was a Canadian-American motion picture actress, co-founder of the film studio United Artists and one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Known as "America's Sweetheart," "Little Mary" and "The girl with the curls," she was one of the Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood and a significant figure in the development of film acting.

Because her international fame was triggered by moving images, she is a watershed figure in the history of modern celebrity and, as one of silent film's most important performers and producers, her contract demands were central to shaping the Hollywood industry. In consideration of her contributions to American cinema, the American Film Institute named Pickford 24th among the greatest female stars of all time.

Early life

Mary Pickford was born Gladys Marie Smith in Toronto, Ontario. Her father, John Charles Smith, was the son of English Methodist immigrants, and worked a variety of odd jobs. Her mother, Charlotte Hennessy, was Irish Catholic. Mary had two younger siblings, Jack and Lottie Pickford, who would also become actors. To please the relatives, Pickford's mother baptized her in both the Methodist and Catholic churches (and used the opportunity to change her middle name to "Mary"). She was raised Roman Catholic after her alcoholic father left his family in 1895. He died three years later of a cerebral hemorrhage.

Hennessy, who had worked as a seamstress throughout the separation, began taking in boarders. Through one of these lodgers, the seven-year-old Pickford won a big part at Toronto's Princess Theatre in a stock company production of ''The Silver King''. She subsequently acted in many melodramas with the Valentine Company in Toronto, capped by the starring role of Little Eva in their production of ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'', the most popular play of the 19th century.

Career

Early years

By the early 1900s, acting had become a family enterprise. Pickford, her mother and two younger siblings toured the United States by rail in third-rate companies and plays. After six impoverished years, Pickford allowed one more summer to land a leading role on Broadway, planning to quit acting if she failed. In 1906 ''Mary'', ''Lottie'' and ''Jack'' supported the great Irish American singer Chauncey Olcott on Broadway in the play ''Edmund Burke''. Mary finally landed a supporting role in a 1907 Broadway play, ''The Warrens of Virginia''. The play was written by William C. deMille, whose brother, the then-unknown Cecil B. DeMille, also appeared in the cast. David Belasco, the producer of the play, insisted that Gladys Smith assume the stage name Mary Pickford. After completing the Broadway run and touring the play, however, Pickford was once again out of work.

On April 19, 1909, the Biograph Company director D. W. Griffith screen-tested her at the company's New York studio for a role in the nickelodeon film ''Pippa Passes''. The role went to someone else but Griffith was immediately taken with Pickford. She quickly grasped that movie acting was simpler than the stylized stage acting of the day.

Most Biograph actors earned $5 a day but, after Pickford's single day in the studio, Griffith agreed to pay her $10 a day against a guarantee of $40 a week. Pickford, like all actors at Biograph, played both bit parts and leading roles, playing mothers, ingenues, spurned women, spitfires, slaves, native Americans, and a prostitute. As Pickford said of her success at Biograph: "I played scrubwomen and secretaries and women of all nationalities... I decided that if I could get into as many pictures as possible, I'd become known, and there would be a demand for my work." Pickford appeared in 51 films in 1909 — almost one a week. She also introduced her friend Florence La Badie to D. W. Griffith, which launched La Badie's successful film acting career.

In January 1910, Pickford traveled with a Biograph crew to Los Angeles. Many other companies wintered on the West Coast, escaping the weak light and short days that hampered winter shooting in the East. Pickford added to her 1909 Biographs (''Sweet and Twenty'', ''They Would Elope,'' and ''To Save Her Soul'', to name a few) with films from California. Actors were not listed in the credits in Griffith's company. Audiences nonetheless noticed and identified Pickford within weeks of her first film appearance. Exhibitors in turn capitalized on her popularity by advertising on sandwich boards that a film featuring "The Girl with the Golden Curls," "Blondilocks" or "The Biograph Girl" was inside. Pickford left Biograph in December 1910 and spent 1911 starring in films at Carl Laemmle's Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP). IMP was absorbed into Universal Pictures in 1912, along with Majestic. Unhappy with their creative standards, she returned to work with Griffith in 1912. Some of her best performances were in films such as ''Friends'', ''The Mender of Nets'', ''Just Like a Woman'', and ''The Female of the Species''. That year Pickford also introduced Dorothy and Lillian Gish (both friends from her days touring melodrama) to Griffith. Both became major silent stars, in comedy and tragedy respectively.

Pickford made her last Biograph picture, ''The New York Hat,'' in late 1912 and returned to Broadway in the David Belasco production of ''A Good Little Devil.'' The experience was the major turning point in her career. Pickford, who had always hoped to conquer the Broadway stage, discovered how deeply she missed film acting.

In 1913, she decided to work exclusively in film. In 1912, Adolph Zukor had formed Famous Players in Famous Plays – later Famous Players-Lasky and then Paramount Pictures – one of the first American feature film companies. Pickford left the stage to join his roster of stars. Zukor believed film's potential lay in recording theatrical players in replicas of their most famous stage roles and productions. Zukor first filmed Pickford in a silent version of ''A Good Little Devil.'' The film, produced in 1913, showed the play's Broadway actors reciting every line of dialogue, resulting in a stiff film that Pickford later called "one of the worst [features] I ever made...it was deadly." Zukor agreed; he held the film back from distribution for a year.

Pickford's work in material written for the camera by that time had attracted a strong following. Comedy-dramas like ''In the Bishop's Carriage'' (1913), ''Caprice'' (1913), and especially ''Hearts Adrift'' (1914) made her irresistible to moviegoers. ''Hearts Adrift'' was so popular that Pickford asked for the first of her many publicized pay raises based on the profits and reviews. The film also marked the first time Pickford’s name was put above the title on movie marquees. ''Tess of the Storm Country'' was released five weeks later. Brownlow observes that the movie “sent her career into orbit and made her the most popular actress in America, if not the world.”

Her appeal was summed up two years later by the February 1916 issue of ''Photoplay'' as "luminous tenderness in a steel band of gutter ferocity". Only Charlie Chaplin—who reportedly slightly surpassed Pickford's popularity in 1916—had a similarly spellbinding pull with critics and the audience. Each enjoyed a level of fame far exceeding that of other actors.

Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, Pickford was believed to be the most famous woman in the world, or, as a silent-film journalist described her, "the best known woman who has ever lived, the woman who was known to more people and loved by more people than any other woman that has been in all history." Pickford's closest female rival at this time at the box office and with the public was 31-year-old Marguerite Clark. She also came from stage acting and had a girlish/whimsical charm to which audiences responded.

Stardom

right|thumb||Mary Pickford, 1920Throughout her career, Pickford starred in 52 features. In 1916, Pickford signed a new contract with Zukor that granted her full authority over production of the films in which she starred, and a record-breaking salary of $500 a week. Occasionally, she played a child, in films like ''The Poor Little Rich Girl'' (1917), ''Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm'' (1917), and ''Daddy-Long-Legs'' (1919). Pickford's fans were devoted to these "Little Girl" roles, but they were not typical of her career.

In August 1918, Pickford's contract expired and when refusing Zukor's terms for a renewal, she was offered $250,000 to leave the motion picture business. Pickford turned him down and went to First National Pictures, which agreed to her terms.

In 1919, Pickford — along with D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks — formed the independent film production company United Artists. Through United Artists, Pickford continued to produce and perform in her own movies; she could also distribute them the way she chose.

In 1920, Pickford's film ''Pollyanna'' grossed around $1,100,000. The following year, Pickford's film ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' would also be a success, Pickford's hair had become a symbol of female virtue, and cutting it was front-page news in ''The New York Times'' and other papers. ''Coquette'' was a success and won her an Academy Award for Best Actress, but the public failed to respond to her in the more sophisticated roles.

Like most movie stars of the silent era, Pickford found her career fading as talkies became more popular among audiences. Her next film, ''The Taming of The Shrew'', made with husband Douglas Fairbanks, was a disaster at the box office.

Hollywood was panicked by the impending arrival of the talkies. On March 29, 1929, a meeting at Pickford's bungalow at United Artists brought together Douglas Fairbanks, Charles Chaplin, Norma Talmadge, Gloria Swanson, John Barrymore, D.W. Griffith and Dolores del Rio to speak on the radio show ''The Dodge Brothers Hour'' to prove they could meet the challenge of talking movies.

In her late thirties, Pickford was unable to play the children, teenage spitfires and feisty young women so adored by her fans, nor could she play the sleekly elegant heroines of early sound.

In 1933, Pickford underwent a Technicolor screen test for an animated/live action film version of Alice in Wonderland, but Walt Disney discarded the project when Paramount released its own version of the book. Only one Technicolor "still" of her screen test still exists.

Pickford retired from acting in 1933. She continued to produce films for others, including ''Sleep, My Love'' (1948) with Claudette Colbert and ''Love Happy'' (1949) with the Marx Brothers.

In 1955 and 1957, Pickford was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film.

The film industry

Pickford used her stature in the movie industry to promote a variety of causes. During World War I, she promoted the sale of Liberty Bonds, through an exhausting series of fund-raising speeches that kicked off in Washington, D.C., where she sold bonds alongside Charles Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, Theda Bara, and Marie Dressler. Five days later she spoke on Wall Street to an estimated 50,000 people. Though Canadian-born, she was a powerful symbol of Americana, kissing the American flag for cameras and auctioning one of her world-famous curls for $15,000. In a single speech in Chicago she sold an estimated five million dollars' worth of bonds. She was christened the U.S. Navy's official "Little Sister"; the Army named two cannons after her and made her an honorary colonel.

At the end of World War I, Pickford conceived of the Motion Picture Relief Fund, an organization to help financially needy actors. Leftover funds from her work selling Liberty Bonds were put toward its creation, and in 1921, the Motion Picture Relief Fund (MPRF) was officially incorporated, with Joseph Schenck voted its first president and Mary Pickford as its vice president. In 1932, Pickford spearheaded the "Payroll Pledge Program," a payroll-deduction plan for studio workers who gave one half of one percent of their earnings to the MPRF. As a result, in 1940 the Fund was able to purchase land and build the Motion Picture Country House and Hospital.

But Pickford's most profound influence (beyond her acting) was to help reshape the film industry itself. When she entered features, Hollywood believed that the movies' future lay in reproducing Broadway plays for a mass audience. Pickford, who entered feature film with two Broadway credits but a far greater following among fans of nickelodeon flickers, became the world's most popular actress in a matter of months. In response to her popularity, Hollywood rethought its vision of features as "canned theatre," and focused instead on actors and material that were uniquely suited to film, not stage performances.

An astute businesswoman, Pickford became her own producer within three years of her start in features. According to her Foundation, "she oversaw every aspect of the making of her films, from hiring talent and crew to overseeing the script, the shooting, the editing, to the final release and promotion of each project." Pickford first demanded (and received) these powers in 1916, when she was under contract to Adolph Zukor's Famous Players In Famous Plays (later Paramount). He also acquiesced to her refusal to participate in block-booking, the widespread practice of forcing an exhibitor to show a bad film of the studio's choosing in order to also show a Pickford film. In 1916, Pickford's films were distributed, singly, through a special distribution unit called Artcraft.

In 1919, she increased her power by co-founding United Artists (UA) with Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, and her soon-to-be husband, Douglas Fairbanks. Before UA's creation, Hollywood studios were vertically integrated, not only producing films but forming chains of theaters. Distributors (also part of the studios) then arranged for company productions to be shown in the company's movie venues. Filmmakers relied on the studios for bookings; in return they put up with what many considered creative interference. United Artists broke from this tradition. It was solely a distribution company, offering independent film producers access to its own screens as well as the rental of temporarily unbooked cinemas owned by other companies. Pickford and Fairbanks produced and shot their films after 1920 at the jointly owned Pickford-Fairbanks studio on Santa Monica Boulevard. The producers who signed with UA were true independents, producing, creating and controlling their work to an unprecedented degree. As a co-founder, as well as the producer and star of her own films, Pickford became the most powerful woman who has ever worked in Hollywood. By 1930, Pickford's career as an actress had greatly faded.

When she retired from acting in 1933, Pickford continued to produce films for United Artists, and she and Chaplin remained partners in the company for decades. Chaplin left the company in 1955, and Pickford followed suit in 1956, selling her remaining shares for three million dollars.

Personal life

Pickford was married three times. She married Owen Moore (1886–1939), an Irish-born silent film actor, on January 7, 1911. It is believed she became pregnant by Moore in the early 1910s and had a miscarriage or an abortion. Some accounts suggest this led to her inability to have children. The couple had numerous marital problems, notably Moore's alcoholism, insecurity about living in the shadow of Pickford's fame, and bouts of domestic violence. The failure of her pregnancy may have exacerbated Moore's drinking problem. The couple lived apart for several years.

Pickford became secretly involved in a relationship with Douglas Fairbanks. They toured the US together in 1918 to promote Liberty Bond sales for the World War I effort. Pickford divorced Moore on March 2, 1920, and married Fairbanks on March 28 of the same year. They went to Europe for their honeymoon; fans in London and in Paris caused riots trying to get to the famous couple. The couple's triumphant return to Hollywood was witnessed by vast crowds who turned out to hail them at railway stations across the United States.

''The Mark of Zorro'' (1920) and a series of other swashbucklers gave the popular Fairbanks a more romantic, heroic image. Pickford continued to epitomize the virtuous but fiery girl next door. Even at private parties people instinctively stood up when Pickford entered a room; she and her husband were often referred to as "Hollywood royalty." Their international reputations were broad. Foreign heads of state and dignitaries who visited the White House often asked if they could also visit Pickfair, the couple's mansion in Beverly Hills.

Dinners at Pickfair included a number of notable guests. Charlie Chaplin, Fairbanks' best friend, was often present. Other guests included George Bernard Shaw, Albert Einstein, Elinor Glyn, Helen Keller, H. G. Wells, Lord Mountbatten, Fritz Kreisler, Amelia Earhart, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Noël Coward, Max Reinhardt, Baron Nishi, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Austen Chamberlain, Sir Harry Lauder, and the Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba. The public nature of Pickford's second marriage strained it to the breaking point. Both she and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. They were also constantly on display as America's unofficial ambassadors to the world, leading parades, cutting ribbons, and making speeches.

When their film careers both began to founder at the end of the silent era Fairbanks' restless nature prompted him to overseas travel (something which Pickford did not enjoy). When Fairbanks' romance with Sylvia, Lady Ashley became public in the early 1930s he and Pickford separated. They divorced January 10, 1936. Fairbanks' son by his first wife, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., claimed that his father and Pickford long regretted their inability to reconcile.

On June 24, 1937, Pickford married her third and last husband, actor and band leader Charles 'Buddy' Rogers. They adopted two children: Roxanne (born 1944, adopted 1944) and Ronald Charles (born 1937, adopted 1943, a.k.a. Ron Pickford Rogers). As a PBS ''American Experience'' documentary noted, Pickford's relationship with her children was tense. She criticized their physical imperfections, including Ronnie's small stature and Roxanne's crooked teeth. Both children later said that their mother was too self-absorbed to provide real maternal love. In 2003, Ronnie recalled that "Things didn't work out that much, you know. But I'll never forget her. I think that she was a good woman."

Later years

After retiring from the screen, Pickford developed alcoholism, the addiction that had afflicted her father. Other alcoholics in the family included her first husband Owen Moore, her mother Charlotte, and her younger siblings Lottie and Jack. Charlotte died of breast cancer in March 1928 after several operations. Within a few years, Lottie and Jack died of alcohol-related causes. These deaths, her divorce from Fairbanks, and the end of silent films left Pickford deeply depressed. Her relationship to her children, Roxanne and Ronald, was turbulent at best. Pickford gradually became a recluse, remaining almost entirely at Pickfair, allowing visits only from Lillian Gish, her stepson Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., and a few select others. In the mid-1960s, she often received visitors only by telephone, speaking to them from her bedroom. Buddy Rogers often gave guests tours of Pickfair, including views of a genuine western bar Pickford had bought for Douglas Fairbanks, and a portrait of Pickford in the drawing room. Painted at the height of her fame, it emphasizes her girlish beauty and spun-gold curls. A print of this image now hangs in the Library of Congress.

In addition to her Oscar as best actress for ''Coquette'' (1929), Mary Pickford received an Academy Honorary Award for a lifetime of achievements in 1976. The Academy sent a TV crew to her house to record her short statement of thanks. Facing the end of her days, Pickford petitioned the Canadian government to restore her Canadian citizenship, thinking it had been lost when she married Fairbanks in 1920. In reality it had never been relinquished and she had been, in adulthood, a dual citizen of Canada and the United States.

Death

Pickford died from a cerebral hemorrhage on May 29, 1979, at her Santa Monica home and was buried in the Garden of Memory of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Buried alongside her in the Pickford private family plot are her mother Charlotte, her siblings Lottie and Jack Pickford, and the family of Elizabeth Watson, Charlotte's sister, who had helped raise Mary in Toronto.

Legacy

The Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study at 1313 Vine Street in Hollywood, constructed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, opened in 1948 as a radio and television studio facility. The Mary Pickford Theater at the Library of Congress is named in her honor. Mary Pickford Auditorium at Claremont McKenna College is named in her honor.

There is a first-run movie theatre in Cathedral City, California, called The Mary Pickford Theatre. The theater is a grand one with several screens and is built in the shape of a Spanish Cathedral, complete with bell tower and three-story lobby. The lobby contains a historic display with original artifacts belonging to Ms. Pickford and Buddy Rogers, her last husband. Among them are a rare and spectacular beaded gown she wore in the film "Dorothy Vernon at Haddon Hall" (1924) designed by Mitchell Leisen, her special Oscar and jewelry box.

The 1980 stage musical ''The Biograph Girl'' about the silent film era features the character of Pickford. In 2007, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences sued the estate of the deceased Buddy Rogers' second wife, Beverly Rogers, in order to stop the public sale of one of Pickford's Oscars.

A bust and historical plaque marks her birthplace in Toronto, now the site of the Hospital for Sick Children. The plaque was unveiled by her husband Buddy Rogers in 1973. The bust by artist Eino Gira was added ten years later. Her date of birth on the plaque is displayed as April 8, 1893. This can only be assumed to be because her date of birth was never registered – and throughout her life, beginning as a child, she led many people to believe that she was a year younger so she would appear to be more of an acting prodigy and continue to be cast in younger roles, which were more plentiful in the theatre.

The family home had been demolished in 1943, and many of the bricks delivered to Pickford in California. Proceeds from the sale of the property were donated by Pickford to build a bungalow in East York, Ontario, then a suburb of Toronto. The bungalow was the first prize in a lottery in Toronto to benefit war charities, and Pickford herself unveiled the home on May 26, 1943.

She received a posthumous star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto in 1999. In 2006, along with fellow deceased Canadian stars Fay Wray, Lorne Greene and John Candy, Pickford was featured on a Canadian postage stamp. From January 2011 until July 2011, the Toronto International Film Festival is exhibiting a collection of Mary Pickford memorabilia in the Canadian Film Gallery of the TIFF Bell LightBox building. In February 2011, the Spadina Museum, a museum dedicated to the 1920s and 1930s era in Toronto, will stage performances of 'Sweetheart: The Mary Pickford Story.' The play is a one-woman musical based on the life and career of Pickford, and will use Pickford movies along with live performance.

Filmography

References

Further reading

Menefee, David ''Sweet Memories'' (Menefee Publishing Inc., 2012) ISBN 1469966956 Whitfield, Eileen ''Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood'' (University Press of Kentucky, 1997) ISBN 0-8131-2045-4

ebook or online ''Preserving Pickford: The Mary Pickford Collection and the Library of Congress'' article in ''The Moving Image'', Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2003

External links

About Mary Pickford, from the website of the Mary Pickford Institute for Film Education

Mary Pickford CBC Radio interview May 25, 1959

Footage of Mary Pickford with Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks in 1919

Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences founders Category:Actors from Toronto Category:American film actors Category:American silent film actors Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:Canadian expatriate actors in the United States Category:Canadian film actors Category:Canadian film producers Category:Canadian Roman Catholics Category:American Roman Catholics Category:20th-century actors Category:Canadian silent film actors Category:Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Women screenwriters Category:1892 births Category:1979 deaths

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name	Theda Bara
other names	The Vamp
birth name	Theodosia Burr Goodman
birth date	July 29, 1885
birth place	Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
death date	April 07, 1955
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
years active	1908–1926
occupation	Actress
spouse
website	}}

Theda Bara ( ; July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955), born Theodosia Burr Goodman, was an American silent film actress – one of the most popular of her era, and one of cinema's earliest sex symbols. Her ''femme fatale'' roles earned her the nickname "The Vamp" (short for vampire). The term "vamp" soon became a popular slang term for a sexually predatory woman. Bara, Valeska Suratt, and Musidora popularized the vamp persona in the early years of silent film and spawned imitators like Olga Petrova, Virginia Pearson, Rosemary Theby, Louise Glaum, Betty Blythe, Barbara La Marr, Carmel Myers, Nita Naldi, and Pola Negri.

Birth

Theodosia Burr Goodman was born in the Avondale section of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father was Bernard Goodman (1853–1936), a prosperous Jewish tailor born in Poland. Her mother, Pauline Louise de Coppett (1861–1957), was born in Switzerland. Bernard and Pauline married in 1882.

Theda's siblings were a boy, Marque (1888–1954) and a girl, Esther (1897–1965), who also became a film actress as Lori Bara and married Francis W. Getty of London in 1920.

The origin of Bara's stage name is disputed; ''The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats'' says it came from director Frank Powell, who learned Theda had a relative named Barranger. In promoting the 1917 film "Cleopatra", Fox Studio publicists noted that the name was an anagram of "Arab death", and her press agents claimed inaccurately that she was "the daughter of an Arab sheik and a French woman, born in the Sahara."

In 1917 the Goodman family legally changed its surname to "Bara".

Education

Theda Bara attended Walnut Hills High School (1899–1903) and lived at 823 Hutchins Avenue. After attending the University of Cincinnati for two years, she worked in theater productions mainly but did explore other projects, moving to New York City in 1908. She made her Broadway debut in ''The Devil'' (1908).

Theda Bara resided in a villa-style home which served as the "honors villa" at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. Demolition of the home began in July, 2011

Career

Theda Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926, but complete prints of only six still exist. Most were produced by William Fox, beginning with ''A Fool There Was'' (1915) and ending with ''The Lure of Ambition'' (1919). The phenomenal success of ''A Fool There Was'' gave William Fox the money to found Fox Film Corporation, while the ensuing films ensured the studio's success.

At the height of her fame, Bara was making $4,000 per week. She was one of the most popular movie stars, ranking behind only Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford. Bara's best-known roles were as the "vamp", although she attempted to avoid typecasting by playing wholesome heroines in films such as ''Under Two Flags'' and ''Her Double Life''. She also appeared as Juliet in a version of Shakespeare's ''Romeo and Juliet''. Although Bara took her craft seriously, she was too successful as an exotic "wanton woman" to develop a more versatile career.

Most of Bara's early films were shot on the East Coast, primarily at the Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. The rise of Hollywood as the center of the American film industry forced her to relocate to Los Angeles to film the epic ''Cleopatra'' (1917), which became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of ''Cleopatra'' exist today, but numerous photographs of Bara in costume as the Queen of the Nile have survived.

Between 1915 and 1919, Bara was Fox studio's biggest star but, tired of being typecast as a vamp, she allowed her five-year contract with Fox to expire. Her final Fox film was ''The Lure of Ambition'' (1919). Her career suffered without Fox studio's support, and she did not make another film until ''The Unchastened Woman'' (1925) for Chadwick Pictures Corporation. Bara retired after making only one more film, the short comedy ''Madame Mystery'' (1926), made for Hal Roach, in which she parodied her vamp image.

About 1920, Bara had her portrait painted by the young Chicago portrait painter Theodore Lukits (1897–1992). The whereabouts of the portrait are unknown.

She was so impressed by his work that she encouraged him to move to Los Angeles where she could introduce him around. Lukits moved west in 1921 and developed a special relationship with Fox Studios, painting some of its stars, including Dolores Del Rio and selling works to Sol Wurtzel, who ran Fox's day to day operations. For the rest of his life Lukits credited his fortuitous meeting with Bara for some measure of his success in Hollywood.

Theda Bara has a higher percentage of lost films than any other actor with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. A 1937 fire at Fox's nitrate film storage vaults in New Jersey destroyed most of that studio's silent films. Out of her 40 films, only a few remain completely intact: ''The Stain'' (1914), ''A Fool There Was'' (1915), ''East Lynne'' (1916), ''The Unchastened Woman'' (1925), and 2 short comedies for Hal Roach. In addition to these, a few of her films remain in fragments including ''Cleopatra'' (just a few seconds of footage), a clip thought to be from ''The Soul of Buddha'', and a few other unidentified clips featured in a French documentary, ''Theda Bara et William Fox'' (2001). Most of the clips can be seen in the documentary ''The Woman with the Hungry Eyes'' (2006).

Bara is also one of the most famous completely silent stars – she was never filmed in sound, lost or otherwise. She appeared on Cecil B. DeMille's ''Lux Radio Theatre'' in 1936 in a broadcast version of ''The Thin Man'' with William Powell and Myrna Loy. The broadcast was preserved and is available for purchase.

Sex symbol

Bara is often cited as the first sex symbol of the movies. She was well known for wearing very revealing costumes in her films, which could still be considered risqué by today's standards, more than 90 years later. Such outfits were banned from Hollywood films after the Production Code started in 1930, and then was more strongly enforced in 1934.

It was popular at that time to promote an actress as mysterious, with an exotic background. The studios promoted Bara with a massive publicity campaign, billing her as the Egyptian-born daughter of a French actress and an Italian sculptor. They claimed she had spent her early years in the Sahara Desert under the shadow of the Sphinx, then moved to France to become a stage actress. (In fact, Bara had never been to Egypt or France). They called her the "Serpent of the Nile" and encouraged Bara to discuss mysticism and the occult in interviews. Some film historians point to this as the birth of two Hollywood phenomena: the studio publicity department and the press agent, which would later evolve into the public relations person.

At the height of Bara's fame, her vamp image was celebrated in popular songs of the day. The lyrics of "Red-Hot Hannah" state: "I know things that Theda Bara's just startin' to learn / Make my dresses from asbestos, I'm liable to burn...." The song, "Rebecca Came Back From Mecca", contains the lyrics "She's as bold as Theda Bara / Theda's bare but Becky's bare-er", The song "If I had a man like Valentino" contains the chorus lyric, "Theda Bara sure would die / She would never roll another eye". The second chorus of Louisville Lou, lyrics by Jack Yellen, music by Milton Ager, states: "They call the lady Louisville Lou. Oh, what that vampin' baby can do! She got the meanest pair o' eyes, Theda Bara eyes, that the world ever knew."

Marriage and retirement

Bara married British-born American film director Charles Brabin (1883–1957) in 1921. They honeymooned in Nova Scotia and there at Harbourville purchased a property overlooking the Bay of Fundy, eventually building a summer home they called Baranook. They had no children.

It is claimed her husband did not consider it proper for his wife to have a career, and this is why she did not make many more appearances after her marriage – although by 1921, her popularity was already waning in any case.

In 1949, producer Buddy DeSylva and Columbia Pictures expressed interest in making a movie of Bara's life, starring Betty Hutton, but the project never materialized.

Death

Bara died of stomach cancer in 1955 in Los Angeles, California, and was interred as Theda Bara Brabin in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Her death certificate incorrectly listed her birthdate as July 22, 1892.

Legacy

thumb|rightTheda Bara has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and in 1994, she was honored with her image on a United States postage stamp designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld. In June 1996, two biographies appeared, Ron Genini's ''Theda Bara: A Biography'' (McFarland) and Eve Golden's ''Vamp'' (Emprise). In October 2005 TimeLine Films of Culver City premiered a film biography, ''Theda Bara: The Woman With the Hungry Eyes''. A film by British video artist Georgina Starr titled ''Theda'' based around Bara's lost films premiered in London in November 2006.

Bara has also been the subject of several fictional works including "In Theda Bara's Tent" by Diana Altman, "The Director's Cut: A Theda Bara Mystery" by Christopher DiGrazia and the play "Theda Bara and the Frontier Rabbi" by Bob Johnston.

The Fort Lee Film Commission dedicated Main Street and Linwood Avenue in Fort Lee, New Jersey, as "Theda Bara Way" in May 2006 to honor Bara, who made many of her films at the Fox Studio on Linwood and Main.

Theda Bara's image has been the symbol of the Chicago International Film Festival. A stark, black and white close up of her eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film serves as the logo for the nonprofit festival.

Filmography

Many films in which Theda Bara appeared were lost in a fire at Fox Studios storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey on July 9, 1937. Note: Extant films are indicated by a ‡

! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
		Gang moll	A print of the film was discovered in Australia in the 1990s.
rowspan="10"		The Vamp
	Celia Friedlander	The film is now considered to be lost
''The Clemenceau Case''	Iza	The film is now considered to be lost
	La Gioconda	The film is now considered to be lost
	Helen Talboys
	Henriette	The film is now considered to be lost
	Rosa	The film is now considered to be lost
	Carmen	The film is now considered to be lost
''The Galley Slave''	Francesca Brabaut	The film is now considered to be lost
	Fernade	The film is now considered to be lost
rowspan="8"		Vania Lazar	The film is now considered to be lost
''Gold and the Woman''	Theresa Decordova	The film is now considered to be lost
''The Eternal Sapho''	Laura Bruffins	The film is now considered to be lost
	Lady Isabel Carlisle	A print of this film survives in the film archive of the Museum of Modern Art.
	Cigarette	The film is now considered to be lost
''Her Double Life''	Mary Doone	The film is now considered to be lost
		The film is now considered to be lost
''The Vixen''	Elsie Drummond	The film is now considered to be lost
rowspan="8"	''The Darling of Paris''
	Princess Petrovitch	The film is now considered to be lost
''Her Greatest Love''	Hazel	The film is now considered to be lost
	Jess	The film is now considered to be lost
		The film is now considered to be lost
		Approximately 40 seconds exist at George Eastman House
''The Rose of Blood''	Lisza Tapenka	The film is now considered to be lost
		The film is now considered to be lost
rowspan="6"	''The Forbidden Path''	Mary Lynde	The film is now considered to be lost
''The Soul of Buddha''	Priestess	A small fragment in ''Theda Bara et William Fox'' showing Theda smoking while being serenaded is thought to be a clip from this film.
	Maria Valverda	The film is now considered to be lost
		The film is now considered to be lost
''When a Woman Sins''	Lilian Marchard / Poppea	The film is now considered to be lost
''The She Devil''	Lorette	The film is now considered to be lost
rowspan="7"		Blanchette Dumond, aka Madame Lefresne
''When Men Desire''	Marie Lohr
	Marie Bernais
''A Woman There Was''	Princess Zara
	Kathleen Cavanagh
''La Belle Russe''	Fleurett Sackton / La Belle Russe
''The Lure of Ambition''	Olga Dolan
	''The Unchastened Woman'' ‡	Caroline Knollys
rowspan="2"	''Madame Mystery'' ‡	Madame Mysterieux
''45 Minutes from Hollywood'' ‡	Herself

References

Further reading

''Shakespeare on Silent Film: An Excellent Dumb Discourse'' by Judith Buchanan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Chapter 6. ISBN 0-521-87199-9.

''The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era'' by David W. Menefee. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007. ISBN 0-275-98259-9.

''Famous Juliets'' by Jerome Hart, in ''Motion Picture Classic'', March, 1923.

''A Million and One Nights'' by Terry Ramsaye. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1926.

External links

Excerpt from Golden's biography ''Vamp''

Biography at monash.edu.au

Amateur film of 1937 Fox Studios fire in New Jersey that destroyed many of Bara's films as well as all of the films of her rival Valeska Suratt, the 1921 ''The Queen of Sheba'' and several early starring vehicles of John Gilbert

Theda Bara photo gallery NY Public Library Billy Rose collection

Literature on Theda Bara

Category:Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio Category:American silent film actors Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Deaths from stomach cancer Category:Jewish actors Category:American people of Polish-Jewish descent Category:American people of Swiss descent Category:1885 births Category:1955 deaths

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name	Mack Sennett
birth date	January 17, 1880
birth place	Danville, Quebec, Canada
death date	November 05, 1960
death place	Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
years active	1908–1949
occupation	Actor, director, producer, screenwriter, presenter, composer, cinematographer }}

Mack Sennett (January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-born American director and was known as the innovator of slapstick comedy in film. During his lifetime he was known at times as the "King of Comedy". His short "Wrestling Swordfish" was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937.

Early life

Born as Mikall (or Michael) Sinnott in Danville, Quebec, Canada, the son of Irish Catholic immigrant farmers. His father was a blacksmith in the small Eastern Townships village. When he was 17 years old his family moved to Connecticut.

The family lived for a time in Northampton, Massachusetts, where, according to his autobiography, Sennett first got the idea to go on stage after seeing a vaudeville show. He claimed that the most respected lawyer in town, Northampton mayor (and future President of the United States) Calvin Coolidge, as well as Sennett's own mother, tried to talk him out of his theatrical ambitions.

In New York City, Sennett became an actor, singer, dancer, clown, set designer and director for Biograph. A major distinction in his acting career, often overlooked, is the fact that Sennett played ''Sherlock Holmes'' 11 times, albeit as a parody, between 1911 and 1913.

Keystone Studios

With financial backing from Adam Kessel and Charles O. Bauman of the New York Motion Picture Company, in 1912 Sennett founded Keystone Studios in Edendale, California, (which is now a part of Echo Park). The original main building, the first totally enclosed film stage and studio in history, is still there. Many important actors started their careers with Sennett, including Mabel Normand, Charlie Chaplin, Raymond Griffith, Gloria Swanson, Ford Sterling, Andy Clyde, The Keystone Kops, Bing Crosby, and W. C. Fields.

Sennett's slapstick comedies were noted for their wild car chases and custard pie warfare. His first comedienne was Mabel Normand, who became a major star (and with whom he embarked on a tumultuous personal relationship). Sennett developed the ''Kid Comedies'', a forerunner of the ''Our Gang'' films, and in a short time his name became synonymous with screen comedy. In 1915 Keystone Studios became an autonomous production unit of the ambitious Triangle Film Corporation, as Sennett joined forces with movie bigwigs D. W. Griffith and Thomas Ince.

Sennett Bathing Beauties

Also beginning in 1915, Sennett assembled a bevy of girls known as the ''Sennett Bathing Beauties'' to appear in provocative bathing costumes in comedy short subjects, in promotional material, and in promotional events like Venice Beach beauty contests.

Two of those often named as Bathing Beauties do not qualify. Mabel Normand was a featured player, and her 1912 8-minute film The Water Nymph may have been the direct inspiration for the Bathing Beauties. And although Gloria Swanson worked for Sennett in 1916 and was photographed in a bathing suit, she was also a star and "vehemently denied" being one of the bathing beauties.

Not individually featured or named, many of these young women ascended to significant careers of their own. They included Juanita Hansen, Claire Anderson, Marie Prevost, Phyllis Haver, and Carole Lombard. In the 1920s Sennett's Bathing Beauties remained popular enough to provoke imitators like the Christie Studios' Bathing Beauties (counting Raquel Torres and Laura La Plante as alumni) and Fox Film Corporation's "Sunshine Girls".

The Sennett Bathing Beauties would continue to appear through 1928.

Independent Production

In 1917 Sennett gave up the Keystone trademark and organized his own company, Mack Sennett Comedies Corporation. (Sennett's corporate bosses retained the Keystone trademark and produced a cheap series of comedy shorts that were "Keystones" in name only: they were unsuccessful, and Sennett had no connection with them.) Sennett went on to produce more ambitious comedy short films and a few feature-length films. During the 1920s his short subjects were in much demand, with stars like Billy Bevan, Andy Clyde, Harry Gribbon, Vernon Dent, Alice Day, Ralph Graves, Charlie Murray, and Harry Langdon. He produced several features with his brightest stars, such as Ben Turpin and Mabel Normand.

Many of Sennett's films of the early 1920s were inherited by Warner Brothers when Warners merged with the original distributor, First National. Warner added music and commentary to several of these shorts, but eventually destroyed the original elements for storage space. As a result, many Sennett films, especially those from his most productive and creative period, no longer exist.

Move to Pathé Exchange

In the mid-1920s Sennett moved over to Pathé Exchange distribution. Pathé had a huge market share, but made bad corporate decisions, such as attempting to sell too many comedies at once (including those of Sennett's main competitor, Hal Roach). In 1927 Paramount and MGM, Hollywood's two top studios, noting the profits being made by companies like Pathé Exchange and Educational, both re-entered the production and distribution of short subjects after several years. Roach signed with MGM, but Sennett found himself and Pathé Exchange in hard times, because the hundreds of exhibitors who had previously rented their shorts had switched to the new MGM or Paramount products.

Experiments, awards, and bankruptcy

Sennett made a reasonably smooth transition to sound films, releasing them through Earle Hammons's Educational Pictures. Sennett occasionally experimented with color and was the first to get a talkie short subject on the market, in 1928. In 1932 he was nominated for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film in the comedy division for producing ''The Loud Mouth'' (with Matt McHugh, in the sports-heckler role later taken in Columbia Pictures remakes by Charley Chase and Shemp Howard), and he won in the novelty division for his film ''Wrestling Swordfish''.

Sennett often clung to outmoded techniques, making his early-1930s films seem dated and quaint. This doomed his attempt to re-enter the feature film market with ''Hypnotized'' (starring blackface comedians Moran and Mack, "The Two Black Crows"). However, Sennett enjoyed great success with short comedies starring Bing Crosby; these films were probably instrumental in Sennett's product being picked up by a major studio, Paramount Pictures. W. C. Fields conceived and starred in four famous Sennett-Paramount comedies. Fields himself recalled that he "made seven comedies for the Irishman" (his original deal called for one film and an option for six more), but ultimately only four were made.

Sennett's studio did not survive the Great Depression; the Sennett-Paramount partnership lasted only one year, and Sennett was forced into bankruptcy in November 1933. His last work, in 1935, was as a producer-director for Educational Pictures; he directed Buster Keaton in ''The Timid Young Man'' and Joan Davis in ''Way Up Thar''. (The 1935 Vitaphone short subject ''Keystone Hotel'' is not a Sennett production; it featured several alumni from the Sennett studio, but Sennett himself had no connection with the film.)

Mack Sennett went into semi-retirement at the age of 55, having produced more than 1,000 silent films and several dozen talkies during a 25-year career. His studio property was purchased by Mascot Pictures (later part of Republic Pictures), and many of his former staffers found work at Columbia Pictures.

In March 1938, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award: "for his lasting contribution to the comedy technique of the screen, the basic principles of which are as important today as when they were first put into practice, the Academy presents a Special Award to that master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius - Mack Sennett."

Later projects

Rumors abounded that Sennett would be returning to film production (a 1938 publicity release indicated that he would be working with Stan Laurel of Laurel and Hardy), but apart from Sennett reissuing a couple of his Bing Crosby two-reelers to theaters, nothing happened. Sennett did appear in front of the camera, however, in ''Hollywood Cavalcade'' (1939), itself a thinly disguised version of the Mack Sennett-Mabel Normand romance. In 1949 he provided film footage for, and appeared in, the first full-length comedy compilation, ''Down Memory Lane'' (1949), which was written and narrated by Steve Allen. Sennett was profiled in the television series ''This is Your Life'' in 1954, and made a cameo appearance (for $1,000) in ''Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops'' (1955). He contributed to the radio program ''Biography in Sound'', broadcast February 28, 1956.

Death

He died on November 5, 1960 in Woodland Hills, California, aged 80, and was interred in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.

Filmography

This is an incomplete (at the time) list of films with Sennett acting, producing and directing. Most of his films still survive.

1908

In this year, Sennett appeared in 43 films with small and significant acting parts.

Old Isaacs, the Pawnbroker (1908, actor)

The King's Messenger (1908, actor)

The Sculpter's Nightmare (1908, extra)

Thompson's Night Out (1908, actor)

The Invisible Fluid (1908, actor)

The Man in the Box (1908, actor)

Over the Hill to the Poor House (1908, actor)

The Kentuckian (1908, actor)

The Stage Rustler (1908, actor)

The Black Viper (1908, actor)

Deceived Slumming Party (1908, actor)

The Fatal Hour (1908, actor)

Balked at the Altar (1908, actor)

Betrayed by a Handprint (1908, actor)

Monday Morning in a Coney Island Police Court (1908, actor and writer)

The Girl and the Outlaw (1908, actor)

Behind the Scenes (1908, actor)

The Red Girl (1908, actor)

The Heart O'Yama (1908, actor)

Where the Breakers Roar (1908, actor)

A Smoked Husband (1908, actor)

The Zulu's Heart (1908, actor)

Father Gets in the Game (1908, actor)

Ingomar, the Barbarian (1908, actor)

The Vaquero's Vow (1908, actor)

Romance of a Jewish (1908, actor)

The Call of the Wild (1908, actor)

Concealing a Burglar (1908, actor)

After Many Years (1908, actor)

The Pirates Gold (1908, actor)

The Taming of the Shrew (1908, actor)

The Guerrilla (1908, actor)

The Song of the Shirt (1908, actor)

The Clubman and the Tramp (1908, actor)

Money Mad (1908, actor)

The Valet's Wife (1908, actor)

The Feud and the Turkey (1908, actor)

The Reckoning (1908, actor)

The Test of Friendship (1908, actor)

An Awful Moment (1908, actor)

The Christmas Burglars (1908, actor)

Mr. Jones at the Ball (1908, actor)

The Helping Hand (1908, actor)

1909

Sennett directed his first film this year with D. W. Griffith, but was uncredited for his work. This year he appeared in 126 films.

The Heart of an Outlaw (1909, actor)

One Touch of Nature (1909, actor)

The Maniac Cook (1909, actor)

Mrs. Jones Entertains (1909, actor)

The Honor of Thieves (1909, actor)

Love Finds a Way (1909, actor)

The Sacrifice (1909, actor)

A Rural Elopment (1909, actor)

The Criminal Hyptonist (1909, actor)

The Fascinating Mrs. Francis (1909, actor)

Mr. Jones Has a Card Party (1909, actor)

Those Awful Hats (1909, actor)

The Welcome Burglar (1909, actor)

The Cord of Life (1909, actor)

The Girls and Daddy (1909, actor)

The Brahma Diamonds (1909, actor)

A Wreath in Time (1909, actor)

Tragic Love (1909, actor)

The Curtain Pole (1909, actor and director)

The Jonses Have Amateur Theatricals (1909, actor)

The Politician's Love Story (1909, actor)

The Golden Louis (1909, actor)

At the Alter (1909, actor)

The Prussion Spy (1909, actor)

His Wife's Mother (1909, actor)

A Fool's Revenge (1909, actor)

The Wooden Leg (1909, actor)

The Roue's Heart (1909, actor

The Salvation Army Lass (1909, actor)

The Lure of the Gown (1909, actor)

The Voice of the Violin (1909, actor)

The Deception (1909, actor)

And a Little Child Shall Lead Them (1909, actor)

A Burglar's Mistake (1909, actor)

The Medicine Bottle (1909, actor)

Jones and His New Neighbors (1909, actor)

A Drunkards Reformation (1909, actor)

Trying to Get Arrested (1909, actor and writer)

The Road to the Heart (1909, actor)

Schneider's Anti Noise Crusade (1909, actor)

A Rude Hostess (1909, actor)

The Winning Coat (1909, actor)

A Sound Sleeper (1909, actor)

Confidence (1909, actor)

Lady Helen's Escape (1909, actor)

A Troublesome Satchel (1909, actor

Twin Brothers (1909, actor)

Lucky Jim (1909, actor)

Tis an III Wind That Blows No Good (1909, actor)

The Suicide Club (1909, actor)

The Note in the Shoe (1909, actor)

One Busy Hour (1909, actor)

The French Duel (1909, actor)

Jones and the Lady Book Agent (1909, actor)

A Baby's Shoe (1909, actor)

The Jilt (1909, actor)

Resurrection (1909, actor)

Two Memories (1909, actor)

Eloping with Auntie (1909, actor)

The Cricket on the Heart (1909, actor)

What Drink Did (1909, actor)

The Violin Maker of Cremona (1909, actor)

The Lonely Villa (1909, actor and writer)

A New Trick (1909, actor)

The Son's Return (1909, actor)

The Faded Lillie's (1909, actor)

Her First Biscuits (1909, actor)

Was Justice Served (1909, actor)

The Peachbasket Hat (1909, actor)

The Mexican Sweethearts (1909, actor)

The Way of Man. (1909, actor)

The Necklace (1909, actor)

The Message (1909, actor)

The Cardinal's Conspiracy (1909, actor)

Jealousy and the Man (1909, actor)

A Convict's Sacrifice (1909, actor)

The Slave (1909, actor)

A Strange Meeting (1909, actor)

The Mended Lute (1909, actor)

They Would Elope (1909, actor)

Mr. Jones' Burglar (1909, actor)

The Better Way (1909, actor)

With Her Card (1909, actor)

Mrs. Jones Lover; or 'I Want My Hat (1909, actor)

His Wife's Visitor (1909, actor)

The Indian Runner's Romance (1909, actor)

The Seventh Day (1909, actor)

Oh, Uncle (1909, actor)

The Mills of the Gods (1909, actor)

The Sealed Room (1909, actor)

The Little Darling (1909, actor)

The Hessian Renegades (1909, actor)

Getting Even (1909, actor)

The Broken Locket (1909, actor)

In Old Kentucky (1909, actor)

A Fair Exchange (1909, actor)

The Awakening (1909, actor)

Pippa Passes; or, The Song of Conscience (1909, actor, first film to be reviewed by ''New York Times'')

The Little Teacher (1909, actor)

A Change of Heart (1909, actor)

His Lost Love (1909, actor)

The Expiation (1909, actor)

In the Watches of the Night (1909, actor)

Lines of White on a Sullen Sea (1909, actor)

What's Your Hurry (1909, actor)

The Gibson Goddess (1909, actor)

Nursing a Viper (1909, actor)

The Light that Came (1909, actor)

Two Woman and a Man (1909, actor)

A Midnight Avenue (1909, actor)

The Open Gate (1909, actor)

The Mountaineer's Honor (1909, actor)

The Trick that Failed (1909, actor)

In the Widow Recess (1909, actor)

The Death Disc: A Story of the Cromwellian Period (1909, actor)

Through the Breakers (1909, actor)

The Red Man's View (1909, actor)

A Corner in Wheat (1909, actor)

In a Hempen Bag (1909, actor)

A Trap for Santa Clause (1909, uncredited)

In Little Italy (1909, actor)

To Save Her Soul (1909, actor)

The Day After (1909, actor)

Choosing a Husband (1909, actor)

Choosing a Husband (1909, actor)

1910

This year Sennett was in 69 films.

The Dancing Girl of Butte (1910, actor)

All Account of the Milk (1910, actor)

The Call (1910, actor)

The Last Deal (1910, actor)

The Cloister's Touch (1910, actor)

The Women From Mellon's (1910, actor)

One Night, and Then -- (1910, actor)

The Englishman and the Girl (1910, actor)

Taming a Husband (1910, actor)

The Newlyweds (1910, actor)

The Thread of Destiny (1910, actor)

In Old California (1910, actor)

The Converts (1910, actor)

The Love of Lady Irma (1910, actor)

Faithful (1910, actor)

The Twisted Trail (1910, actor)

Gold Is Not All (1910, actor)

The Two Brothers (1910, actor)

As It Is in Life (1910, actor)

A Rich Revenge (1910, actor)

The Way of the World (1910, actor)

Up a Tree (1910, actor)

The Gold Seekers (1910, actor)

Love Among the Roses (1910, actor)

Over Silent Paths (1910, actor)

An Affair of Hearts (1910, actor)

Ramona (1910, actor)

A Knot in the Plot (1910, actor)

In the Season of Buds (1910, actor)

The Purgation (1910, actor)

A Victim of Jealously (1910, actor)

In the Border States (1910, actor)

The Face at the Window (1910, actor)

Never Again (1910, actor)

The Marked Time Table (1910, actor)

A Child's Impulse (1910, actor)

A Midnight Cupid (1910, actor)

What the Daisy Said (1910, actor)

A Child's Faith (1910, actor)

A Flash of Light (1910, actor)

Serious Sixteen (1910, actor)

As the Bell's Rang Out! (1910, actor)

The Call to Arms (1910, actor)

An Arcadian Maid (1910, actor)

Her Fathers Pride (1910, actor)

A Salutary Lesson (1910, actor)

The Userer (1910, actor)

When We Were in Our Teens (1910, actor)

Witful Peggy (1910, actor)

The Modern Prodigal (1910, actor)

The Affair of an Egg (1910, actor)

Muggsy Becomes a Hero (1910, actor)

Little Angels of Luck (1910, actor)

A Mohawks Way (1910, actor)

A Summer Tragedy (1910, actor)

Examination Day at School (1910, actor)

The Iconoclast (1910, actor)

A Gold Necklace (1910, actor)

The Masher (1910, actor)

A Lucky Tootache (1910, actor and writer)

The Broken Doll (1910, actor)

The Passing of a Grouch (1910, actor)

Love in Quarantine (1910, actor)

The Song of the Wildwood Flute (1910, actor)

Not So Bad as it Seemed (1910, actor)

Effecting a Cure (1910, actor, writer and director)

Happy Jack a Hero (1910, actor)

His Wife's Sweethearts (1910, actor)

After the Ball (1910, actor)

1911

In this year Sennett did more directing, but still starred in films. He was involved in 59 films this year.

The Italian Barber (1911, actor)

His Trust 1911, actor)

His Trust Fulfilled (1911, actor)

Three Sisters (1911, actor)

Priscilla's Engagement Ring (1911, actor)

Fisher Folks (1911, actor)

His Daughter (1911, actor)

A Decree of Destiny (1911, actor)

Comrades (1911, actor, writer and director)

Cured (1911, actor)

The Spanish Gypsy (1911, actor)

Paradise Lost (1911, actor and director)

Misplaced Jealousy (1911, actor, writer and director)

Cupid's Joke (1911, actor and director)

The Country Lovers (1911, actor)

The New Dress (1911, actor)

The Manicure Lady (1911, actor and director)

The White Rose of the Wilds (1911, actor)

Dutch Gold Mine (1911, actor and director)

Bearded Youth (1911, actor and director)

The Ghost (1911, actor)

The Beautiful Voice (1911, actor and director)

Mr. Peck Goes Calling (1911, actor director)

That Dare Devil (1911, actor and director)

The $500 Reward (1911, actor and director, Early Sherlock Holmes film, Sennett plays Sherlock.)

The Village Hero (1911, actor and director)

Too Many Burglars (1911, actor and director)

Mr. Bragg, a Fugitive (1911, actor and director)

Trailing the Counterfeiter (1911, actor and director)

Through His Wife's Picture (1911, actor and director)

The Inventor's Secret (1911, actor and director)

Their First Divorce Case (1911, actor and director)

Caught with the Goods (1911, actor and director)

Priscilla and the Umbrella (1911, director)

Curiosity (1911, director)

Theit Fates 'Sealed' (1911, director)

Dave's Love Affair (1911, director)

The Delayed Proposal (1911, director)

The Wonderful Eye (1911, director)

Stubbs' New Serveants (1911, director)

Jinks Joins the Temperance Club (1911, director)

An Interrupted Game (1911, director)

The Diving Girl (1911, director)

The Villain Foiled (1911, director)

The Baron (1911, director)

The Lucky Horse Shoe (1911, director)

When Wifey Holds the Purse Strings (1911, director)

A Convenient Burglar (1911, director and writer)

Josh's Suicide (1911, director)

A Victim of Circumstance (1911, director)

Won Through a Medium (1911, director)

Dooley's Scheme (1911, director)

Resourceful Lovers (1911, director)

Her Mother Interfers (1911, director)

Why He Gave Up (1911, director and supervisor producer)

Abe Gets Even with Father (1911, director)

Taking His Medicine (1911, director)

Her Pet (1911, director)

A Mix-up in Rain Coats (1911, director)

1912

Sennett was involved in 83 films this year.

Did Mother Get Her Wish? (1912, actor and director)

The Fatal Chocolate (1912, actor and director)

A Message from the Moon (1912, actor and director)

A String of Pearls (1912, actor)

A Spanish Dilemma (1912, actor and director)

Hot Stuff (1912, actor and director)

These Hicksville Boys (1912, actor and director)

Their First Kidnapping Case (1912, actor and director)

The Brave Hunter (1912, actor and director)

The Furs (1912, actor and director)

Helen's Marriage (1912, actor and director)

Tomboy Bessie (1912, actor and director)

The New Baby (1912, actor and director)

Man's Genesis (1912, actor uncredited)

The Speed Demon (1912, actor and director)

The Would-Be Shriner (1912, actor and director)

What the Doctor Ordered (1912, actor and director)

The Tourist (1912, unconfirmed of he was in picture, director and producer)

The Water Nymph (1912, actor, director and producer)

Cohen Collects a Debt (1912, actor, director and producer)

The New Neighbor (1912, actor, director and producer)

Riley and Schultz (1912, actor, director and producer)

Pedro's Dilemma (1912, actor, director and producer)

The Flirting Husband (1912, actor, director and producer)

Ambitious Butler (1912, actor, director and producer)

At Coney Island (1912, actor, director and producer)

Ay it Again (1912, actor, director and producer)

The Deacon's Troubles (1912, actor, director and producer)

A Temperamental Husband (1912, actor, director and producer)

The Rivals (1912, actor, director and producer)

Mr. Fix-It (1912, actor, director and producer)

A Bear Escape (1912, actor, director and producer)

Pat's Day Off (1912, actor, director and producer)

The New York Hat (1912, actor)

A Family Mix Up (1912, actor, director and producer)

Hoffmeyers Legacy (1912, actor, director and producer)

The Duel (1912, actor, director and producer)

Who Got the Reward (1912, director)

The Joke on the Joker (1912, director)

Brave and Bold (1912, director)

With a Kodak (1912, director)

Pants and Pansies (1912, director

Lily's Lover (1912, director)

A Near Tragedy (1912, director)

Got a Match (1912, director)

Priscilla's Capture (1912, director)

The Engagement Ring (1912, director)

A Voice from the Deep (1912, director)

Those Hickville Boys (1912, director)

Oh, Those Eyes (1912, director)

Help! Help! (1912, director)

Won by a Fish (1912, director)

The Leading Man (1912, director)

The Fickel Spaniard (1912, director)

When the Fire Bells Rang (1912, director)

A Close Call (1912, director)

Neighbors (1912, director)

Katchem Kate (1912, director)

The New Baby (1912, director)

A Dash Through the Clouds (1912, director)

Trying to Fool Uncle (1912, director)

One Round O'Brien (1912, director)

His Own Fault (1912, director)

Stern Pappa (1912, director)

He Must Have a Wife (1912, director)

His Own Fault (1912, director)

Willie Becomes an Artist (1912, director)

The Would-Be Shriner (1912, director)

Tragedy of the Dress Suit (1912, director)

An Interrupted Elopment (1912, director)

Through Dumb Luck (1912, supervising director)

He Must Have a Wife (1912, director)

The Beating He Needed (1912, director and producer)

Stolen Glory (1912, director and producer)

The Grocery Clerk's Romance (1912, director and producer)

Mabel's Lovers (1912, director and producer)

A Desperate Lover (1912, director and producer)

An Absent Minded Burglar (1912, unconfirmed of directed by Mack)

A Midnight Elopment (1912, director and producer)

Useful Sheep (1912, unconfirmed of it was directed by Sennett)

Mabel's Adventures (1912, director and producer)

The Drummer's Vacation (1912, director and producer)

Mabel's Stratagem (1912, director and producer)

1913

How Hiram Won Out (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Mistaken Masher (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Elite Ball (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Battle of Who Run (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Stolen Purse (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Jealous Waiter (1913, actor, director and producer)

Mabel's Heroes (1913, actor, director and producer)

A Landlord's Troubles (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Sleuth's Last Stand (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Sleuth's Floral Parade (1913, actor, director and producer)

A Strong Revenge (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Rube and the Baron (1913, actor, director and producer)

At Twelve O'Clock (1913, actor, director and producer)

Her New Beau (1913, actor and producer)

Those Good Old Days (1913, actor, director and producer)

Murphy's I.O.U. (1913, actor and producer)

His Ups and Downs (1913, director and producer, unconfirmed of he was a actor in film)

Mabel's Awful Mistake (1913, actor, director and producer)

Their First Exucition (1913, actor, director and producer)

Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life (1913, actor, director, producer)

The Hansome Driver (1913, actor, director and producer)

Peeping Pete (1913, actor, director and producer)

His Crooked Career (1913, actor, director and producer)

Rastus and the Game Cock (1913, actor, director and producer)

The Firebugs (1913, actor, director and producer)

Mabel's Dramatic Career (1913, actor, director and producer)

A Healthy Neighborhood (1913, actor, director and producer)

Love Sickness at Sea (1913, actor, director, producer)

Saving Mabel's Dad (1913, director and producer)

A Double Wedding (1913, director and producer)

The Cure that Failed (1913, director and producer)

Sir Thomas Lipton Out West (1913, director and producer)

For Lizzie's Sake (1913, director and producer)

The Deacon Outwitted (1913, director and producer)

Just Brown's Luck (1913, director and producer)

Her Birthday Present (1913, director and producer)

Heinz's Resurrection (1913, director and producer)

Forced Bravery (1913, director and producer)

The Professor's Daighter (1913, director and producer)

A Tangled Affair (1913, director and producer)

A Red Hot Romance (1913, director and producer)

A Doctored Affair (1913, director and producer)

The Rural Third Degree (1913, director and producer)

The Man Next Door (1913, director and producer)

A Wife Wanted (1913, director and producer)

The Chief's Predicament (1913, director and producer)

Jenny's Pearls (1913, director and producer)

On His Wedding Day (1913, director and producer)

Hide and Seek (1913, director and producer)

A Game of Poker (1913, director and producer)

A Life in the Balance (1913, director and producer)

A Fishy Affair (1913, director and producer)

The New Conductor (1913, director and producer)

His Chum the Baron (1913, director and producer)

That Ragtime Band (1913, director and producer)

A Little Hero (1913, director and producer)

Hubby's Job (1913, director and producer)

The Foreman of the Jury (1913, director and producer)

Feeding Time (1913, director)

The Speed Queen (1913, director and producer)

The Waiter's Picnic (1913, director and producer)

A Bandit (1913, director and producer)

The Largest Boat Ever Launched Sideways (1913, director and producer)

Safe in Jail (1913, director and producer)

The Telltale Light (1913, director and producer)

A Noise from the Deep (1913, director and producer)

The Riot (1913, director and producer)

Mabel's New Hero (1913, director and producer)

The Gypsy Queen (1913, director and producer)

The Fatal Taxicab (1913, director and producer

What Dreams Come True (1913, director and producer)

The Bowling Match (1913, director and producer)

Schnitz the Tailor (1913, director and producer)

The Making of an Automobile Tyre (1913, director and producer)

A Muddy Romance (1913, director and producer)

Cohen Saves the Flag (1913, director and producer)

The San Francisco Celebration (1913, director and producer)

The Gusher (1913, director and producer)

A Bad Game (1913, director and producer)

Zuzu the Bandleader (1913, director and producer)

Some Nerve (director and producer)

The Champion (1913, producer)

His Sister's Kids (1913, producer)

Fatty's Flirtation (1913, producer)

The Horse Thief (1913, producer)

A Ride for a Bride (1913, producer)

The Rogue's Gallery (1913, producer)

The Woman Haters (1913, producer)

Tributes

For his contribution to the motion picture industry Sennett was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6712 Hollywood Blvd. Also in 2004, he was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.

The Keystone legacy

Some historians credit Sennett's films with having been responsible for municipal police forces across North America altering their uniforms to include military style officers' caps since by the 1920s tall, British-style hats had become so indelibly associated with slapstick comedy.

A line in a Henry Kuttner science fiction short story, Piggy Bank, reads "Within seconds the scene resembled a Mack Sennett pie-throwing comedy."

Henry Mancini's score for the 1963 film, ''The Pink Panther'', the original entry in the series, contains a segment called "Shades of Sennett". It is played on a silent film era style "honky tonk" piano, and accompanies a climactic scene in which the incompetent police detective Inspector Clouseau is involved in a multi-vehicle chase with the antagonists.

In 1974, Michael Stewart and Jerry Herman wrote the musical ''Mack & Mabel'', chronicling the romance between Sennett and Mabel Normand. Sennett also was a leading character in ''The Biograph Girl'', a 1980 musical about the silent film era.

Peter Lovesey's 1983 novel ''Keystone'' is a whodunnit set in the Keystone Studios and involving (among others), Mack Sennett, Mabel Normand, Roscoe Arbuckle and the Keystone Cops.

Dan Aykroyd portrays Mack Sennett in the 1992 movie ''Chaplin''. Marisa Tomei plays Mabel Normand.

See also

Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood

References

Further reading

Lahue, Kalton (1971); ''Mack Sennett's Keystone: The man, the myth and the comedies''; New York: Barnes; ISBN 9780498074615

External links

Category:1880 births Category:1960 deaths Category:Actors from Massachusetts Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:American comedians Category:American film actors Category:American silent film actors Category:Anglophone Quebec people Category:Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City Category:American people of Canadian descent Category:Canadian film directors Category:Canadian film producers Category:Canadian Roman Catholics Category:Canadian silent film actors Category:Canadian comedians Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Canadian people of Irish descent Category:People from Estrie Category:People from Hampshire County, Massachusetts Category:Slapstick comedians Category:Silent film directors

ar:ماك سينيت bs:Mack Sennett cs:Mack Sennett da:Mack Sennett de:Mack Sennett es:Mack Sennett fr:Mack Sennett hr:Mack Sennett it:Mack Sennett he:מאק סנט ka:მაკ სენეტი nl:Mack Sennett ja:マック・セネット no:Mack Sennett pl:Mack Sennett pt:Mack Sennett ru:Мак Сеннет fi:Mack Sennett sv:Mack Sennett tr:Mack Sennett

name	Kate Bruce
birth date	1858
birth place	Columbus, Indiana, USA
death date	April 2,
death place	New York, New York, USA
yearsactive	1908-1931
othername	Phyllis Forde
occupation	Actress }}

Kate Bruce (1858 – April 2, 1946) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 289 films between 1908 and 1931.

She was born in Columbus, Indiana and died in New York, New York.

Selected filmography

''The Golden Louis'' (1909)

''At the Altar'' (1909)

''The Country Doctor'' (1909)

''The Hessian Renegades'' (1909)

''The Red Man's View'' (1909)

''A Trap for Santa'' (1909)

''In Little Italy'' (1909)

''To Save Her Soul'' (1909)

''Choosing a Husband'' (1909)

''The Rocky Road'' (1910)

''All on Account of the Milk'' (1910)

''The Two Brothers'' (1910)

''A Romance of the Western Hills'' (1910)

''Ramona'' (1910)

''The Unchanging Sea'' (1910)

''What the Daisy Said'' (1910)

''The Fugitive'' (1910)

''His Trust'' (1911)

''His Trust Fulfilled'' (1911)

''The Spanish Gypsy'' (1911)

''How She Triumphed'' (1911)

''Fighting Blood'' (1911)

''A Country Cupid'' (1911)

''The Long Road'' (1911)

''The Battle'' (1911)

''The Voice of the Child'' (1911)

''The Eternal Mother'' (1912)

''The Transformation of Mike'' (1912)

''A String of Pearls'' (1912)

''The Punishment'' (1912)

''One Is Business, the Other Crime'' (1912)

''The Spirit Awakened'' (1912)

''A Feud in the Kentucky Hills'' (1912)

''The One She Loved'' (1912)

''The Painted Lady'' (1912)

''Heredity'' (1912)

''The Informer'' (1912)

''The New York Hat'' (1912)

''My Hero'' (1912)

''A Cry for Help'' (1912)

''The Telephone Girl and the Lady'' (1913)

''A Girl's Stratagem'' (1913)

''The Unwelcome Guest'' (1913)

''The Sheriff's Baby'' (1913)

''A Frightful Blunder'' (1913)

''A Misunderstood Boy'' (1913)

''The Wanderer'' (1913)

''The Stolen Loaf'' (1913)

''The House of Darkness'' (1913)

''Olaf-An Atom'' (1913)

''Just Gold'' (1913)

''The Mothering Heart'' (1913)

''The Enemy's Baby'' (1913)

''The Strong Man's Burden'' (1913)

''The Stopped Clock'' (1913)

''The Battle at Elderbush Gulch'' (1913)

''A Nest Unfeathered'' (1914)

''Judith of Bethulia'' (1914)

''The Rebellion of Kitty Belle'' (1914)

''His Desperate Deed'' (1915)

''The House Built Upon Sand'' (1916)

''Souls Triumphant'' (1917)

''Lillian Gish in a Liberty Loan Appeal'' (1918)

''The Greatest Thing in Life'' (1918)

''A Romance of Happy Valley'' (1919)

''Scarlet Days'' (1919)

''True Heart Susie'' (1919)

''Way Down East'' (1920)

''The Struggle'' (1931)

External links

Category:1858 births Category:1946 deaths Category:American silent film actors Category:American film actors Category:People from Columbus, Indiana

es:Kate Bruce fr:Kate Bruce it:Kate Bruce pt:Kate Bruce

name	Mae Marsh
birthname	Mary Wayne Marsh
birth date	November 09, 1894
birth place	Madrid, New Mexico, United States
death date	February 13, 1968
death place	Hermosa Beach, California, United States
spouse
years active	1910–1964
occupation	Film actress }}

Mae Marsh (born Mary Wayne Marsh, November 9, 1894 – February 13, 1968) was an American film actress with a career spanning over 50 years.

Early life

The most frequently told of many stories of Marsh's childhood is that her father, a railroad auditor, died when she was four. Her family moved to San Francisco where her stepfather was killed in the great earthquake of 1906. Her great-aunt then took Mae and Marguerite, her older sister, to Los Angeles, hoping her show business background would open doors for jobs at various movie studios needing extras. However, her father, S. Charles Marsh, was a bartender, not a railroad auditor, and he was alive at least as late as June 1900, when Mae Marsh was nearly six. Her stepfather, oil-field inspector William Hall, could not have been killed in the 1906 earthquake, as he was alive, listed in the 1910 census, living with her mother, May née Warne, and sisters.

Marsh worked as a salesgirl and loitered around the sets and locations while her older sister worked on a film, observing the progress of her sister’s performance. She first started as an extra in various movies, and played her first substantial role in the film ''Ramona'' (1910) at the age of 15.

“I tagged my way into motion pictures,” Marsh recalled in ''The Silent Picture''. “I used to follow my sister Marguerite to the old Biograph studio and then, one great day, Mr. Griffith noticed me, put me in a picture and I had my chance. I love my work and though new and very wonderful interests have entered my life, I still love it and couldn’t think of giving it up.”.”.

Career rise

Marsh worked with D.W. Griffith in small roles at Biograph when they were filming in California and in New York. Her big break came when Mary Pickford, resident star of the Biograph lot and a married woman at that time, refused to play the bare-legged, grass-skirted role of Lily-White in ''Man's Genesis''. Griffith announced that if Pickford would not play that part in ''Man’s Genesis'' she would not play the coveted title role in his next film, ''The Sands of Dee''. The other actresses stood behind Pickford, each refusing in turn to play the part, citing the same objection.

Years later, Marsh recalled in an interview in ''The Silent Picture,'' “...and he called rehearsal, and we were all there and he said, ‘Well now, Miss Marsh, you can rehearse this.’ And Mary Pickford said, ‘What!’ and Mr. Griffith said, ‘Yes, Mary Pickford, if you don’t do what I tell you I want you to do, I’m going to have someone else do ''The Sands of Dee''. Mary Pickford didn’t play ''Man’s Genesis'' so Mae can play ''The Sands of Dee''.’ Of course, I was thrilled, and she was very much hurt. And I thought, ‘Well, it's all right with me. That is something.’ I was, you know, just a lamebrain.”.

Working with Mack Sennett and D.W. Griffith, she was a prolific actress, sometimes appearing in eight movies a year and often paired with fellow Sennett protégé Robert Harron in romantic roles. In ''The Birth of a Nation'' (1915) she played the innocent sister who waits for her brothers to come home from war and who, in one of the film's most racially charged scenes, leaps to her death rather than submit to the lustful advances of Gus, the so-called "renegade Negro" who is later killed by the Ku Klux Klan. In ''Intolerance'' (1916) she plays the wife who has her baby taken away after her husband is unjustly convicted of murder.

She signed a lucrative contract with Samuel Goldwyn worth $2,500 per week after ''Intolerance'', but none of the films she made with him were particularly successful. After her marriage to Lee Arms, a publicity agent for Goldwyn, in 1918, her film output decreased to about one per year.

Marsh's last notable starring role was as a flapper for Griffith in ''The White Rose'' (1923) with Ivor Novello and Carol Dempster. She re-teamed with Novello for the film version of his hit stage play, ''The Rat'' (1925).

In 1955, Marsh was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film.

'Talkies'

Marsh returned from retirement to appear in "talkies" and played a role in Henry King’s remake of ''Over the Hill'' (1931). She gravitated toward character roles, and worked in this manner for the next several decades. Marsh appeared in numerous popular films, such as ''Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm'' (1932) and ''Little Man, What Now?'' (1934). She also became a favorite of director John Ford, appearing in ''The Grapes of Wrath'' (1940), ''How Green Was My Valley'' (1941), ''3 Godfathers'' (1948), ''The Robe'' (1953), and ''The Searchers'' (1956).

Marsh has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 1600 Vine Street.

Personal life

She married Sam Goldwyn publicity agent Louis Lee Arms, in 1918 and bore three children with him. They were married until her death, in 1968. Her sister Marguerite Marsh died in 1925 at the age of 37. Her only brother Oliver Marsh, a renowned cinematographer, died in 1941. Husband Louis Arms died in June 1989, at age 101. They are buried together in Section 5, at Pacific Crest Cemetery, in Redondo Beach, California.

Silent filmography

References

''The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era'' by David W. Menefee. Connecticut: Praeger, 2004. ISBN 0-275-98259-9.

''When the Movies Were Young.'' By Linda Arvidson. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969.

''Adventures with D. W. Griffith.'' By Karl Brown. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973.

''Robertson-Cole Offers Mae Marsh in a Sumptuously Produced Play From Novel. ''The Moving Picture World'', 18 December 1920.

''Mae Marsh in an Interview with Robert B. Cushman.'' By Anthony Slide in ''The Silent Picture''. New York: Arno Press, 1977.

External links

Screen acting, Mae Marsh, Photostar publishing co, 1921

Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:Actors from New Mexico Category:American film actors Category:American silent film actors Category:People from Santa Fe County, New Mexico Category:1894 births Category:1968 deaths

de:Mae Marsh es:Mae Marsh fr:Mae Marsh it:Mae Marsh la:Mae Marsh nl:Mae Marsh no:Mae Marsh ru:Марш, Мэй sr:Меј Марш sv:Mae Marsh