Heating oil, or oil heat, is a low viscosity, flammable liquid petroleum product used as a fuel for furnaces or boilers in buildings.

The home heating oil may be abbreviated as HHO

Heating oil is commonly delivered by tank truck to residential, commercial and municipal buildings and stored in above-ground storage tanks ("ASTs") located in the basements, garages, or outside adjacent to the building. It is sometimes stored in underground storage tanks (or "USTs") but less often than ASTs. ASTs are used for smaller installations due to the lower cost factor. Heating oil is less commonly used as an industrial fuel or for power generation.

Boiler and "forced air" furnace manufacturers have perfected "retention head oil-fired burners" and "triple-pass flue" boilers that have increased oil burner efficiency in forced air furnace to 98% AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilitization Efficiency). Most forced air furnaces remain at an efficiency around 86%.

Red dyes are usually added, resulting in its "red diesel" name in countries like the United Kingdom. Solvent Yellow 124 is added as a "Euromarker" since 2002 in European Union.

Heating oil is very similar to diesel fuel, and both are classified as distillates. It consists of a mixture of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the 14- to 20-carbon atom range. During oil distillation, it condenses at between . Heating oil condenses at a lower temperature than the heavy (C20+) hydrocarbons such as petroleum jelly, bitumen, candle wax, and lubricating oil, which condense between . But it condenses at a higher temperature than kerosene, which condenses between .

In a forced-air furnace designed for efficient combustion, a pump is used to drawn the oil from a storage tank and pressurize it to 1,034 kPa or 100-150 psi (residential) forcing it through a filtered (specific to appliance) nozzle, to form an atomized spray pattern. A step-up transformer, which "steps-up" 120 or 240 V AC to about 10,000 V AC, is connected to a pair of metal electrodes with ceramic insulators via brass conductors (buss bars). The high voltage formed across the electrode gap produces a spark approximately 6 mm (1/4 in) long which is positioned near the fuel spray nozzle. With the airflow coming from the squirrel cage fan of the oil-burner, the spark ignites the oil droplets in the spray. Through the use of a combustion chamber, the flame is contained, and flue gases travel through the heat exchanger. The heat of the flue gases is transferred through the walls of the heat exchanger as they pass to the chimney, and the fan/blower unit circulates the warm air from the heat exchanger throughout the house through a network of duct pipes. The colder air which accumulates at floor level in the living space is returned to the furnace either through a separate network of cold air ducts or a central return duct located generally near the center of the house. This supplies all or most of the cold air that is returned to the furnace for re-heating.

Heating oil produces per US gallon and weighs 7.2 pounds per US gallon (0.85 kg/l), which is about the same heat per unit mass as the somewhat less dense diesel fuel. Number 2 fuel oil has a flash point of .

Leaks from tanks and piping are an environmental concern. Various federal and state regulations are in place regarding the proper transportation, storage and burning of heating oil, which is classified as a hazardous material (HazMat) by federal regulators.

Heating oil may be blended with biofuel to create a product similar to biodiesel.

Heating oil trade

Heating oil accounts for about 25% of the yield of a barrel of crude oil, the second largest "cut" after gasoline (petrol). Options on futures, calendar spread options contracts, crack spread options contracts, and average price options contracts give market participants even greater flexibility in managing price risk.

Heating oil futures are traded on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) and NYMEX. These contracts have delivery dates in all 12 months of the year and are used to hedge diesel fuel and jet fuel, both of which trade in the cash market at an often stable premium to NYMEX Division New York Harbor heating oil futures.

United States and Canada

Heating oil is known in the United States as No. 2 heating oil. In the U.S., it must conform to ASTM standard D396. Diesel and kerosene, while often confused as being similar or identical, must conform to their own respective ASTM standards. Heating oil is widely used in parts of the United States and Canada where natural gas is not available and propane is priced higher. Where other fuels are not available, it is sometimes referred to as the unit cost per unit (BTU=British thermal unit or BTUH / h per hour), and can be less than other fuels.

The heating oil futures contract trades in units of 42,000 U.S. gallons (1,000 barrels) and (for the USA) is based on delivery in the New York harbor.

Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

Heating oil is the most common method of home heating in Northern Ireland due to the late development of a natural gas network. Bord Gáis has built an extensive gas pipeline network across Ireland. Large oil tanks can be found in most Irish household gardens. Common suppliers of heating oil in Ireland are Maxol and Emo Oil.

England, Scotland and Wales

Heating oil is a method for home heating that is used sporadically around England, Scotland and Wales. Similar to Northern Ireland it is the rural areas and communities that rely on oil for the method of heating. It is widely acknowledged that there are around 1.5 million people in Great Britain using oil for home heating. Great Britain has many suppliers of heating oil ranging from large companies such as BP and Bayford to the local oil supplier who will cover a very small area.

The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) have refereed the UK oil market to the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) for review. The OFT will look at the structure of the market, with a view of the fairness for consumers and alternative energy options for off grid consumers such as heat pumps.

K-factor

The degree day system is based on the amount of fuel a customer has consumed between two or more deliveries and the high and low outdoor temperatures during the same period. A degree day is defined as one degree of temperature below 65°F in the average temperature of one day. In other words, to arrive at the number of degree days in one day, the official high and low temperatures for that day must be obtained. The two figures are then averaged, and the number of units this average is below 65 °F is the number of degree days for that day. For example, if for Tuesday, November 3, the high temperature is 70 °F and the low is 54 °F, the average is found by adding 70 and 54, which equals 124, and then dividing by 2. The resultant figure is 62, and by subtracting 62 from 65, it is determined that there were three Fahrenheit degree days that day.

The ''K'' factor is the number of degree days in any given period divided by the number of gallons of fuel oil used in a given period. Multiplying ''K'' degree-days per gallon by the number of gallon of usable fuel remaining in a tank gives the number of degree-days before a delivery is needed.

Retail cost

United States

In 2008, fuel oil cost was $36.20 a week($34.30/GJ).

The Department of Energy tracks the prices homeowners pay for home heating fuel (oil and propane). There are also a number of websites that allow home owners to compare the price per gallon they are paying with the Department of Energy data as well as other consumers in their area.

See also

Oil burner

Fuel price risk management

Hazardous material

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC)

United States:

*New England Fuel Institute

*Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve

Footnotes

Category:Oils Category:Petroleum products Category:Commodities market

ar:مازوت de:Heizöl et:Kütteõli fr:Fioul sr:Ulje za loženje uk:Мазут

name	Cindy Sheehan
birth date	July 10, 1957
birth place	Inglewood, California
occupation	Activist
children	}}

Cindy Lee Miller Sheehan (born July 10, 1957) is an American anti-war activist whose son, U.S. Army Specialist Casey Sheehan was killed by enemy action during the Iraq War. Cindy Sheehan attracted national and international media attention in August 2005 for her extended anti-war protest at a makeshift camp outside President George W. Bush's Texas ranch—a stand which drew both passionate support and angry criticism. She ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 2008. She is a vocal critic of President Barack Obama's foreign policy, saying: "I don't think much has changed since the Bush administration."

Personal life

Cindy Sheehan was born in Inglewood, California in 1957. Her father worked at Lockheed while her mother raised her family. She graduated with honors from Cerritos College and studied history at UCLA. She worked as a youth minister at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Vacaville, California for eight years, and also coordinated an after-school program for at-risk middle school children for the City of Vacaville. In 1977 she married Patrick Sheehan, in Norwalk, California; they had four children, including Casey Sheehan (born in 1979), who was later killed in action in Iraq on April 4, 2004. Patrick Sheehan filed for divorce August 12, 2005, citing irreconcilable differences.

Anti-war campaign

Sheehan states she initially questioned the urgency of the invasion of Iraq, but did not become active in the anti-war effort until after her son's death. Sheehan and other military families met with United States President George W. Bush in June 2004 at Fort Lewis, near Tacoma, Washington, about three months after her son's death. In a June 24, 2004 interview with the Vacaville ''Reporter'', published soon after the meeting, she stated, "We haven't been happy with the way the war has been handled. The President has changed his reasons for being over there every time a reason is proven false or an objective reached." She also stated that President Bush was "... sincere about wanting freedom for the Iraqis.. I know [he] feels pain for our loss. And I know he's a man of God."

Sheehan gave another interview on October 4, 2004, stating that she did not understand the reasons for the Iraq invasion and never thought that Iraq posed an imminent threat to the United States. She further stated that her son's death had compelled her to speak out against the war.

During the presidential inauguration in January 2005, Sheehan traveled to Washington, DC to speak at the opening of "Eyes Wide Open: the Human Cost of War", a traveling exhibition created by the American Friends Service Committee that displays pairs of combat boots to represent US military casualties. She also traveled with the exhibition to other locations and donated her son Casey's boots, stating "Behind these boots is one broken-hearted family,"

Sheehan was one of the nine founding members of Gold Star Families for Peace, an organization she created in January 2005 with other families she met at the inauguration. It seeks to end the US occupation of Iraq, and provides support for families of soldiers killed in Iraq.

Sheehan attracted international attention in early August 2005, when she traveled to President Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch, just outside Crawford, Texas, demanding a second meeting with the President. She told members of Veterans for Peace, "And the other thing I want him to tell me is 'just what was the noble cause Casey died for?' Was it freedom and democracy? Bullshit! He died for oil. He died to make your friends richer. He died to expand American imperialism in the Middle East." She also vowed not to pay her federal income tax for 2004 because that was the year her son was killed.

Sheehan's actions led supporters such as Rev. Lennox Yearwood, CEO of the Hip Hop Caucus, to describe her as "the Rosa Parks of the antiwar movement." Later during the demonstration, Sheehan also gained the label of "Peace Mom" from the mainstream media.

Political views

Sheehan is a socialist, having worked closely with the Socialist Alternative beginning in 2010, appearing at events hosted by the party and its international affiliate, the Socialist Party in the United States and Britain. Sheehan has articulated revolutionary socialist and democratic socialist positions and called for a united socialist campaign for the United States presidency in 2012. She has stated that Karl Marx "was one of the most brilliant thinkers and political/social philosophers in modern history".

In March 2005, James Morris sent an e-mail to ABC's ''Nightline'' allegedly written by Sheehan that included the statements that Casey Sheehan "was killed for lies and for a PNAC Neo-Con agenda to benefit Israel" and that he had "joined the Army to protect America, not Israel." Sheehan denies the allegations: "I've never said that... Those aren't even words that I would say. I do believe that the Palestinian issue is a hot issue that needs to be solved, and it needs to be more fair and equitable, but I never said my son died for Israel." In a statement she implied that Morris modified the email, which Morris denied. Two other individuals stated they received a copy of the same email directly from Sheehan. Christopher Hitchens has criticized her and her comments as, "a vulgar producer of her own spectacle, and an embarrassment to her family and at best a shifty fantasist."

Political activism

Camp Casey

On August 6, 2005, Sheehan created a makeshift camp in a ditch by the side of the road about three miles (5 km) from President Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch near Crawford, Texas and announced her intention to stay (sleeping in a pup tent at night) until she was granted a face-to-face meeting with the President. Sheehan started her protest the day the President started a planned five-week vacation. The encampment was publicized widely by the Mintwood Media Collective on behalf of Gold Star Families for Peace and Military Families Speak Out. A few days later, the media began referring to Sheehan's camp as "Camp Casey." She spent the next four weeks in Crawford (except for five days spent in California to see her elderly mother, who had suffered a stroke.) On some days as many as 1500 supporters visited Camp Casey, including members of the US Congress, as well as several notable actors, singers, and civil rights activists.

Gold Star Families for Peace, of which Sheehan is a founding member, released a TV commercial featuring Sheehan, broadcast on Crawford and Waco cable channels near Bush's ranch. The group conducted a walk to a police station just outside Bush's ranch and delivered a bundle of oversized letters written by them to First Lady Laura Bush, appealing to her as a mother to support their movement.

On August 16, Sheehan moved her camp closer to the Bush ranch after being offered the use of a piece of land owned by a supporter, Fred Mattlage, a third cousin of Larry Mattlage, a rancher who had fired a shotgun on his property near the demonstration site several days earlier.

In late August, Sheehan stated that she would continue to campaign against the Iraq war even if granted a meeting with Bush. She also announced the Bring Them Home Now Tour, to depart on September 1 and arrive in Washington, DC, on September 24 for three days of demonstrations. The tour which covered 42 cities in 26 states was publicized by the Mintwood Media Collective, and garnered international media coverage. On the third day, Sheehan and about 370 other anti-war activists were arrested for demonstrating on the White House sidewalk.

Later 2005 activism

In September 2005, Sheehan moved into the downstairs portion of the Berkeley, California home of Stephen and Virginia Pearcy. Sheehan lived with the Pearcys for just over a year, during which time she travelled extensively to various peace events and wrote two books. Sheehan's friendship with the Pearcys arose out of a February 2005 gathering where she attended a highly charged free speech and anti-war event at the Pearcys' Sacramento home where Stephen Pearcy had placed a controversial display of a soldier with the words, "Bush Lied, I Died." The display received national media coverage. In the pouring rain during a media frenzy, Sheehan and then-husband, Pat Sheehan, and about two hundred supporters of free speech and peace stood on one side of the street to defend the Pearcys’ message, while a roughly equal number of opponents of the Pearcys’ display (including Melanie Morgan and members of Move America Forward) stood on the other side of the street while a line of police kept the two groups apart. Between 2005 and 2007, Sheehan attended several anti-war events in Sacramento organized by the Pearcys.

In September, the Bring Them Home Now Tour was organized by Gold Star Families for Peace, Iraq Veterans Against the War, Military Families Speak Out, and Veterans For Peace. Inspired by, and frequently featuring Cindy Sheehan as a speaker, it was a rolling anti-war protest against the Iraq War, beginning in Crawford, Texas, traveling three routes across the country (with rallies along the way) and culminating in a rally in Washington, DC in September 2005.

Sheehan returned to Texas to protest Bush taking a Thanksgiving vacation without bringing the soldiers home. In early December, Sheehan traveled to Chicago to attend the annual ''People's Weekly World'' banquet.

In the winter of 2005/2006 Sheehan met with Senator John McCain, and later called him a "warmonger". She later protested Hillary Clinton's stance on the war, stating that Clinton must either speak out against the war or risk losing her job, and urged Governor Janet Napolitano to withdraw the Arizona National Guard from Iraq at a rally in Phoenix. Sheehan said on October 24 during a media interview that she planned to speak at the White House and then tie herself to the fence. She and 28 others were arrested in a sit-in at the White House on October 26.

Sheehan went to London in early December 2005 and was interviewed by BBC Radio 4 and by ''The Guardian''. On December 10, Sheehan addressed the International Peace Conference, organized by the Stop the War Coalition. Later in the evening, she attended the London Premiere of Peace Mom, a play written by Dario Fo (Literature Nobel laureate) about her, in which the role of Sheehan was played by Frances de la Tour. On December 13, Sheehan traveled to Ireland, where she met Irish Foreign Affairs minister Dermot Ahern. She voiced her objection to U.S. aircraft refueling at Shannon Airport, stating, "Your Government, even though they didn't send troops to Iraq, are complicit in the crimes by allowing the planes to land and refuel".

2006

On January 31, Sheehan wore a T-shirt reading "2,245 Dead. How many more?" to Bush's State of the Union address and was removed and arrested by Capitol Police. Additionally, Beverly Young, the wife of Representative Bill Young (R., Fla.), was told to leave because she was wearing a T-shirt that read "Support the Troops: Defending Our Freedom." As a matter of policy, visitors to Congress are not allowed to wear shirts containing type of any kind. Sheehan described the event:

On March 7, Sheehan was arrested in New York "after blocking the door to the U.S. Mission to the U.N. offices" during a protest with Iraqi women against the war.

Sheehan took part in the United for Peace and Justice March in New York to protest the war on April 29, 2006.

In April 2006 City Lights published Sheehan's ''Dear President Bush'', in which she wrote about Martin Luther King, Jr., civil disobedience, US foreign policy, Hurricane Katrina's devastation of New Orleans, military recruitment, her son Casey’s death on his fifth day in Iraq, soldiers who resist, and her transformation into an advocate for peace. Howard Zinn wrote the introduction.

Sheehan has accused the United States of planning to attack Iran in an effort to halt that nation's development of nuclear weapons. In two articles on ''BuzzFlash'', she said the passage of the Iran Freedom and Support Act was merely a stepping stone to war and called on Congress to reject similar measures in the future.

On Mother's Day, Sheehan joined Susan Sarandon at a Code Pink organized protest in Lafayette Park, across the street from the White House. Sheehan told the crowd that Mother's Day without her son was "very emotional" for her.

On May 26, Sheehan spoke at a rally in Melbourne, Australia. The rally was held in front of the offices of the Victorian Liberal Party, and it was in support of the release of David Hicks.

Several organizations planned a hunger strike for July 4 in which Sheehan stated she would participate, but would not be fasting indefinitely as some others had pledged to do. "Some of us, like Dick Gregory and Diane Wilson, will be fasting until the troops come home from Iraq, and some, like me, will be fasting for a specified time. Her fast was a full liquid diet.

On July 5, Sheehan appeared on MSNBC's ''Hardball with Chris Matthews'' to discuss the war and her upcoming hunger strike. On the show, she called Bush "the biggest terrorist in the world" and "worse than Osama Bin Laden," and conceded that she would rather live under Venezuela's Hugo Chávez than Bush. Later that month, Sheehan purchased of land in Crawford, Texas, near Bush's private residence. In a written statement, Sheehan wrote that she "decided to buy property in Crawford to use until George's resignation or impeachment, which we all hope is soon for the sake of the world." She also stated that she "can't think of a better way to use Casey's insurance money than for peace", and that she is sure that her son would have approved. In an interview on ''The Stephanie Miller Show'', Sheehan said that once her need for the land is over, she intends to donate the land to Crawford for the purpose of converting it into The Casey Sheehan Memorial Peace Park.

In September, Sheehan released her memoir, entitled ''Peace Mom: A Mother's Journey Through Heartache to Activism''. The book recounts her experience of losing her son, along with fantasies of suicide and revenge against Bush, and her transformation into an anti-war activist. Also included in the book are criticisms of several other politicians, including: Senator John McCain, whom she accuses of lying to the media about his private statements to her; John Kerry, whom she says she regrets voting for; and Hillary Clinton, whom she calls a "powermonger." While she could not participate for health reasons, Sheehan allowed her supporters to set up Camp Casey at Camp Democracy in early September.

On December 10, Sheehan participated in a pro-impeachment forum at Fordham University alongside Carolyn Ho, mother of Ehren Watada, the first commissioned Army officer to refuse to go to Iraq.

2007

On January 6, 2007 she traveled to Cuba and called for the closure of the U.S. military prison in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. She also visited the Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM) where she declared: "I am impressed by the school, the quality of the students. I have never seen anything like it in the world; it doesn’t matter what part of the world we come from, or the fact that our governments don’t get along, we have the same hearts and they are filled with love."

In Springfield, Vermont, on March 4, 2007, Sheehan gave a speech at the Unitarian Universalist Church about impeaching President Bush and ending the war.

Cindy Sheehan planned on visiting Purdue University on April 12, 2007, to give a speech on President Bush and the war in Iraq. This visit caused controversy locally and Purdue University enacted security measures not normally used around a guest speaker, such as banning signs or banners from the speech location. Some students let their opinion be known as Sheehan had a hard time speaking over the chorus of boos from those in attendance. At one point in her speech, she referred to the students heckling her as "warmongers."

Cindy Sheehan was invited by the May 4th Task Force as part of a yearly event remembering the Kent State Shootings. After ringing the Kent State bell 32 times to honor the recent Virginia Tech massacre, Cindy Sheehan spoke to a crowded gathering of students and activists from all over the region.

On July 2, Sheehan started a podcast together with Mary Morello called ''The Mary Morello and Cindy Sheehan Show''.

On May 26 and May 28, 2007, Sheehan officially left the Democratic Party after the Democratic-controlled Congress passed a bill authorizing the continued funding of the war in Iraq, and submitted her resignation as the "face" of the American anti-war movement via two messages posted to Daily Kos, stating that she wanted to go home and be a mother to her surviving children, and concluding her letters with the words

On July 3, 2007, in response to President Bush's commutation of Scooter Libby's sentence, Cindy Sheehan returned to activism. She asserted that she would take a new approach to the anti-war movement, but that Bush's recent action "dragged me kicking and screaming back in."

In 2008 Sheehan focused on her campaign. She ran on a platform of single-payer health care, media reform, overturning all free trade agreements, repealing the Patriot Act, renewable energy, nationalizing oil and electricity, ending the War on Drugs, legalizing cannabis, ensuring all talks in the Middle East are fair to all parties, ending torture, closing Guantanamo Bay detention camp, overseas commitment to cleaning up Superfund sites, ending deregulation, ending No Child Left Behind, and legalizing same-sex marriage. Sheehan lost the 2008 election to U.S. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi. In a seven-way race, Sheehan came in second with 46,118 votes (16.14%) to Pelosi's 71.56%.

2009

On June 8, 2009; Sheehan led a protest near former President Bush's home in the north Dallas neighborhood of Preston Hollow.

In August, 2009, Sheehan protested at Martha's Vineyard during President Barack Obama's stay there. According to ABC News: "Sheehan invoked Sen. Ted Kennedy's passing as part of her message, noting that he was firmly anti-war and how he said his proudest vote as a senator was his 2002 vote against the Iraq war."

On October 5 Sheehan was arrested with sixty others at the White House protesting President Obama's continuation of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. She told CNN: "I think the mood of the country and the mood of our movement is getting a little bit more desperate, and (that) this will be the time to be able to translate our tireless activism and work for peace."

On December 10 Sheehan protested on the streets of Oslo, Norway, as President Barack Obama accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.

2010

On March 20, Sheehan was again arrested in front of the White House. Officers of the United States Park Police arrested her and seven others after they defied orders to clear the sidewalk on Pennsylvania Avenue.

On July 12, Sheehan and four other activists were on trial in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia stemming from the arrests on March 20. The government decided not to try three others arrested that day, and had their cases dismissed. Sheehan and two others were acquitted of crossing a police line, while the other two were found guilty.

2011

Sheehan released a statement on May 2, 2011 indicating that she considers the death of Osama bin Laden to be a hoax, stating "If you believe the newest death of OBL, you’re stupid," referring to America as a "lying, murderous Empire" and telling Americans, whom she called "brainwashed," to "put [their] flags away."

Congressional election campaign

In July 2007, Sheehan had announced that she would run against Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi based on her failure to attempt impeachment of Bush. Up until her run for U.S. Congress, Sheehan lived outside Pelosi's district, in Dixon, California; however, she moved to San Francisco's Mission District, after declaring her candidacy. Earlier, in 2006, she had spoken of ambitions to challenge Dianne Feinstein for her seat in the United States Senate.

Criticism

An editorial in Slate by Christopher Hitchens criticized Sheehan, calling her analysis of the 2003 Iraq War as taking "a short course in the Michael Moore/Ramsey Clark school of Iraq analysis and has not succeeded in making it one atom more elegant or persuasive" and ridiculing her claim about speaking in the name of her son.

In a 2005 segment of political commentator Bill O'Reilly said Sheehan was never a protestor, but a "a political player, whose primary concern is embarrassing the president."

World Net Daily has published multiple op-eds critical of Cindy Sheehan.

In 2011, an article in The Village Voice criticized her belief that Osama bin Laden was not dead writing that, "she appears to have really lost it."

See also

American popular opinion on invasion of Iraq

Movement to impeach George W. Bush

Nadia McCaffrey, anti-war activist

Opposition to the Iraq War

Protests against the Iraq War

Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq

References

External links

Cindy Sheehan's Soapbox Radio, blog and action page

Blog at SmirkingChimp.Com

Former blogs at Crawford Update, DailyKos and Huffington Post

Cindy Sheehan Sets Up "Camp Out Now" in Antiwar Protest - video report by ''Democracy Now!''

Cindy Sheehan On "Peace Heroes: Albert Einstein". 18 May 2010.

Dissent in the age of Obama - an article by Cindy Sheehan, 5 October 2010

Injustice in the age of Obama - an article by Cindy Sheehan, 16 October 2010

Category:American anti–Iraq War activists Category:American memoirists Category:American pacifists Category:American socialists Category:American vegans Category:Former Roman Catholics Category:Activists from California Category:California politicians Category:Mission District, San Francisco, California Category:People from Inglewood, California Category:People from Vacaville, California Category:1957 births Category:Living people

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