Agency name	National Park Service
Logo	US-NationalParkService-ShadedLogo.svg
Logo width	140px
Logo caption	National Park Service Arrowhead
Formed	August 25, 1916
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the United States
Headquarters	1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240
Employees	15,828 permanent, 1,256 term, 2,984 seasonal (2007)
Budget	$2.924 billion (2009)
Chief1 name	Jonathan Jarvis
Chief1 position	Director of The National Park Service
Parent agency	US Department of the Interior
Website	nps.gov
Footnotes	}}

The National Park Service (NPS) is the U.S. federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. It was created on August 25, 1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act.

It is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior, a federal executive department whose head, the Secretary of the Interior, is a Cabinet officer nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Most of the direct management of the NPS is delegated by the Secretary to the National Park Service Director, who must also be confirmed by the Senate.

The 21,989 employees of the NPS oversee units, of which 58 are designated national parks.

History

National parks and national monuments in the United States were originally individually managed under the auspices of the Department of the Interior. The movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by business magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior. They wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits. This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service. On August 25, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill that mandated the agency "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS.

On March 3, 1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933. The act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasn't until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, made use of this power. Deputy Director Horace M. Albright had suggested to President Roosevelt that the historic sites from the American Civil War should be managed by the National Park Service, rather than the War Department. President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. These two executive orders not only transferred to the National Park Service all the War Department historic sites, but also the national monuments managed by the Department of Agriculture and the parks in and around the capital, which had been run by an independent office.

In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service and went to work on bringing park facilities up to the standards that the public expected. The demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, a ten-year effort to upgrade and expand park facilities for the 50th anniversary of the Park Service. New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded.

In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery and unique natural features to making parks accessible to the public. Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. By the end of the Twentieth Century, numerous National Heritage Areas were spread across the nation, preserving local parks for local people.

Directors

Horace M. AlbrightArno B. CammererNewton B. DruryArthur E. DemarayConrad L. WirthGeorge B. Hartzog, Jr.Ronald H. WalkerGary EverhardtWilliam J. WhalenRussell E. DickensonWilliam Penn Mott, Jr.James M. RidenourRoger G. KennedyRobert Stanton (park director)Fran P. MainellaMary A. BomarJonathan Jarvis

	Name	Term of Office
Start	! End
1	Stephen Mather	May 16, 1917
2	|	January 12, 1929	August 9, 1933
3	|	August 10, 1933	August 9, 1940
4	|	August 20, 1940	March 31, 1951
5	|	April 1, 1951	December 8, 1951
6	|	December 9, 1951	January 7, 1964
7	|	January 9, 1964	December 31, 1972
8	|	January 7, 1973	January 3, 1975
9	|	January 13, 1975	May 27, 1977
10	|	July 5, 1977	May 13, 1980
11	|	May 15, 1980	March 3, 1985
12	|	May 17, 1985	April 16, 1989
13	|	April 17, 1989	January 20, 1993
14	|	June 1, 1993	March 29, 1997
15	Robert Stanton ||	August 4, 1997	January 2001
16	|	July 18, 2001	October 15, 2006
17	|	October 17, 2006	January 20, 2009
18	|	September 24, 2009	''incumbent''

National Park System

''National Park System'' is a term that describes the collection of all units managed by the National Park Service. The title or designation of a unit need not include the term ''park''; indeed, most do not. The system encompasses approximately 84.4 million acres (338,000 km²), of which more than 4.3 million acres (17,000 km²) remain in private ownership. The largest unit is Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. At 13,200,000 acres (53,000 km²), it is over 16 percent of the entire system. The smallest unit in the system is Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, Pennsylvania, at 0.02 acre (80 m²).

The National Park ''System'' (NPS) includes all properties managed by the National Park ''Service'' (also, confusingly, "NPS"). The ''System'' as a whole is considered to be a national treasure of the United States, and some of the more famous national parks and monuments are sometimes referred to metaphorically as "crown jewels".

In addition to administering its units and other properties, the National Park Service also provides technical and financial assistance to several "affiliated areas" authorized by Congress. The largest affiliated area is New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve at 1,164,025 acres (4711 km²). The smallest is Benjamin Franklin National Memorial at less than .

Although all units of the National Park System in the United States are the responsibility of a single agency, they are all managed under individual pieces of authorizing legislation or, in the case of national monuments created under the Antiquities Act, presidential proclamation. For example, because of provisons within their enabling legislation, Congaree National Park is almost entirely wilderness area, yet Yosemite allows unique developments such as the Badger Pass Ski Area and the O'Shaughnessy Dam within its boundaries. Death Valley National Park has an active mine legislated within its boundaries. Such irregularities would not be found in other parks unless specifically provided for by the legislation that created them.

Many parks charge an entrance fee ranging from US$3 to $25 per week. Visitors can buy a federal interagency annual pass, known as the "America the Beautiful – National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass," allowing unlimited entry to federal fee areas (USDA Forest Service, National Park Service, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation) for $80 per year. This pass applies to entry fees only. Other applicable fees, such as camping, and backcountry access, still apply. U.S. citizens who are 62+ years old may purchase a version with the same privileges for $10, and citizens with permanent disabilities may receive a free version.

National Parks

Since its inception in 1916, the National Park Service has managed each of the United States' national parks, which have grown in number over the years to 58.

Yellowstone National Park was the first national park in the United States. In 1872, there was no state government to manage it, so the federal government assumed direct control. Yosemite National Park began as a state park; the land for the park was donated by the federal government to the state of California in 1864 for perpetual conservation. Yosemite was later returned to federal ownership.

At first, each national park was managed independently, with varying degrees of success. In Yellowstone, the civilian staff was replaced by the U.S. Army in 1886. Due to the irregularities in managing these national treasures, Stephen Tyng Mather petitioned the federal government to improve the situation. In response, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane challenged him to lobby for creating a new agency, the National Park Service, to manage all national parks and some national monuments. Mather was successful with the ratification of the National Park Service Organic Act in 1916. Later, the agency was given authority over other protected areas, many with varying designations as Congress created them.

National Park Service holdings

For current specifics and a multitude of information, see the Quick Facts section of the NPS website.

! Type	Amount
Area of land
Area of oceans, lakes, reservoirs
Length of perennial rivers and streams
archeological sites
miles of shoreline
historic structures
objects in museum collections
Buildings
Trails
Roads

Criteria

Most units of the National Park Service have been established by an act of Congress, with the president confirming the action by signing the act into law. The exception, under the Antiquities Act, allows the president to designate and protect areas as National Monuments by executive order. Regardless of the method used, all parks are to be of national importance.

A potential park should meet all four of the following standards:

It is an outstanding example of a particular type of resource.

It possesses exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the natural or cultural themes of our Nation's heritage.

It offers superlative opportunities for recreation, for public use and enjoyment, or for scientific study.

It retains a high degree of integrity as a true, accurate, and relatively unspoiled example of the resource.

Special designations

Wilderness areas are covered by the US National Wilderness Preservation System, which protects federally managed lands that are of a pristine condition. Established by the Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577) in 1964. The National Wilderness Preservation System originally created hundreds of wilderness zones within already protected federally administered property, consisting of over 9 million acres (36,000 km²).

Marine Protected Areas - Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the United States began with Executive Order 13158 in May 2000 when official MPAs were established for the first time. The initial listing of U.S. areas was presented in 2010, consisting of areas already set aside under other legislation. The National Park Service has 19 park units designated as MPAs.

Budget

The National Park Services budget is divided into two primary areas, ''discretionary'' and ''mandatory'' spending. Within each of these areas, there are numerous specific purposes to which Congress directs the services activities. The budget of the National Park Service includes ''discretionary'' spending which is broken out into two portions: the direct operations of the National Parks and the special initiatives. Listed separately are the special initiatives of the service for the year specified in the legislation. For Fiscal Year 2010, the service has been charged with five initiatives. They include: Stewardship and Education; Professional Excellence; Youth Programs; Climate Impacts; and Budget Restructure and Realignment.

Discretionary Spendingthumb|NPS ''Operations of the National Parks'' budget from FY 2001-FY 2006Discretionary spending includes the Operations of the National Parks (ONPS), from which all park operations are paid. The ''United States Park Police'' funds cover the high-profile law enforcement operations at some of the large parks; i.e., Gateway National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and the National Mall. The ''National Recreation and Preservation Program'' and the ''Urban Park and Recreation Fund'' are outreach programs to support state and local outdoor recreational activities.

The ONPS section of the budget is divided into five operational areas. These areas include:

Resource Stewardship: These are funds and people directed towards the restoration, preservation, and maintenance of natural and cultural resources. The resource staff includes biologists, geologists, archeologists, preservation specialists and a variety of specialized employees to restore and preserve cultural buildings or natural features.

Visitor Services: These funds go towards providing for public programs and educational programs for the general public and school groups. This area is commonly staffed by park rangers, who are trained in providing walks, talks, and educational programs to the public. There is an increased number of media specialists, who provide for the exhibits along trails, roads and in visitor contact facilities, as well as the written brochures and web-sites.

Park Protection: This includes the staff responding to visitor emergencies (medical and criminal), and the protection of the park's natural and cultural resources from damage by those persons visiting the park. The staff includes park rangers, park police, criminal investigators, and communication center operators.

Facility Maintenance & Operations: This is the cost of maintaining the necessary infrastructure within each park that supports all the services provided. It includes the plows and heavy equipment for road clearing, repairs and construction. There are buildings, trails, roads, docks, boats, utility pipes and wires, and a variety of hidden systems that make a park accessible by the public. The staff includes equipment operators, custodians, trail crews, electricians, plumbers, architects, and other building trade specialists.

Park Support: This is the staff that provides for the routine logistical needs of the parks. There are human resource specialists, contracting officers, property specialists, budget managers, accountants and information technology specialists.

External Administrative Costs: These costs are bills that are paid directly to outside organizations as part of the logistical support needed to run the parks. It includes rent payments to the General Services Administration for building space; postage payments to the postal machine vendor, and other direct payments.

! Functional area	! FY 2010	! % of Total
Resource Stewardship
Visitor Services
Park Protection
Facility Maintenance & Operations
Park Support
External Administrative Costs
Total (2010)	$2,266,016

''Park Partnerships'' These funds support the use of partnerships to achieve park preservation. 25 million dollars have been provided for FY 2010. These funds require matching grants from individuals, foundations, businesses, and the private sector.

''Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF)'' The LWCF supports Land Acquisition and State Conservation Assistance grant programs. The 2010 funds are the beginning of an incremental process to fully fund LWCF programs at $900 million. The Department of the Interior and the U.S. Forest Service use these funds to purchase critical lands to protect exiting public lands. Grants will be made to states and local communities to preserve and protect Civil War battlefield sites that are not park of the national park system. The NPS State Conservation Assistance program distributes funding to States for land preservation.

''Construction'' This segment of the budget provides for the construction of new facilities or the replacement of aging and unsafe facilities. Additionally, there are funds in the recreation fees, park roads funding, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that provide for other specific facilities/infrastructure work. Additional funds come from the Federal Land Highway Administration for the construction and repair of Park roads.

''Historic Preservation Fund'' As the nation's leader in cultural preservation, funds are provided for a variety of programs to meet these needs nationwide. Two specific programs include the Save America's Treasures and the Preserve America. The Historic Preservation Offices makes grants available to the States, territories, and tribal lands.

''National Recreation and Preservation'' These funds go to local communities to preserve natural and cultural resources. Among the programs supported are the Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance programs that promote community links to parks, natural resource conservation and outdoor recreation across America.

''Offsetting Reductions and Fixed Costs in Various Accounts'' Within this category are a number of one-time events, which are added or removed as the events require. Notably in the FY 2009 and FY 2010 is the removal of the costs for the presidential inaugural. Other savings are identified through reduced operational costs from energy-efficient retro-fitting and the demolition of structures beyond repair.

''American Recovery and Reinvestment Act'' Otherwise known as "stimulus funds", the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provides funds to restore and preserve major infrastructures within the national parks.

''Great Lakes Restoration Initiative'' The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, is a $475.0 million proposal included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‎ budget. The park service will participate through the EPA in restoration activities in those parks that are within the watershed of the Great Lakes. Activities will include such actions as removal of dumps and fuel spills. Park will monitor mercury, lead, DDT, and other contaminants in six parks on the Great Lakes.

Mandatory spending ''Mandatory appropriations'' are those items created by other congressional legislation that must be paid for. They include the ''Recreational Fee Demonstration Program'', which requires the distribution and expenditure of fees collected by the National Park Service. ''Other Permanent Appropriations'' includes special funding categories to non-profit and state entities, which have been assigned to the National Park Service to manage. ''Miscellaneous Trust Funds'' includes funding sources that have been created by the federal government or private citizen, where the National Park Service or a specific park have been identified as the beneficiaries. And there is also the ''L&WCF; Contract Authority'' which is the ''Land and Water Conservation Fund'', a congressionally created source of revenues, managed by the National Park Service.

Nomenclature of the National Park System

The National Park Service uses over 20 different titles for the park units it manages, including ''national park'' and ''national monument''.

! Classification as of 2003	! Number	! Area	! Visitors
National Military Park, National Battlefield Park, National Battlefield Site, and National Battlefield		}}
National Historical Park, National Historic Site, and International Historic Site		}}
National Lakeshore		}}
National Memorial		}}
National Monument		}}
National Park		}}
National Parkway		}}
National Preserve and National Reserve		}}
National Recreation Area		}}
National River and National Wild and Scenic River and Riverway		}}
National Scenic Trail		}}	not available
National Seashore		}}
Other Designations (White House, National Mall, etc.)		}}
Totals		}}

National Monuments preserve a single unique cultural or natural feature. Devils Tower National Monument was the first in 1906.

National Historic Sites protect a significant cultural resource that is not a complicated site. Examples of these types of parks include Ford's Theatre National Historic Site and William Howard Taft National Historic Site.

National Historical Parks are larger areas with more complex subjects. Appomattox Court House National Historical Park was created in 1940. George Rogers Clark National Historical Park was dedicated in 1936. Historic sites may also be protected in national parks, monuments, seashores, and lakeshores.

National Military Parks, Battlefield Parks, Battlefield Sites, and Battlefields preserve areas associated with military history. The different designations reflect the complexity of the event and the site. Many of the sites preserve important Revolutionary War battles and Civil War battlefields. ''Military parks'' are the sites of larger actions, such as Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Vicksburg National Military Park, Gettysburg National Military Park, and Shiloh National Military Park—the original four from 1890. Examples of ''battlefield parks'', ''battlefield sites'', and ''national battlefields'' include Richmond National Battlefield Park, Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, and Antietam National Battlefield.

National Seashores and National Lakeshores offer preservation of the national coast line, while supporting water–based recreation. Cape Hatteras National Seashore was created in 1937. Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, created in 1966, were the first national lakeshores. National Recreation Areas originally were units (such as Lake Mead National Recreation Area) surrounding reservoirs impounded by dams built by other federal agencies. Many of these areas are managed under cooperative agreement with the National Park Service. Now some national recreation areas are in urban centers, because of the recommendations of a Presidential commission, the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC). These include Gateway National Recreation Area and Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which encompass significant cultural as well as natural resources. National Rivers and Wild and Scenic Riverways protect free-flowing streams over their length. The riverways may not be altered with dams, channelization, or other changes. Recreational pursuits are encouraged along the waterways. Ozark National Scenic Riverways was established in 1964.

The National Trails System preserves long-distance routes across America. The system was created in 1968 and consists of two major components: National Scenic Trails are long-distance trails through some of the most scenic parts of the country. They received official protection in 1968. The Appalachian Trail and the Continental Divide Trail are the best known. National Historic Trails commemorate the routes of major historic events. Some of the best known are the Trail of Tears, the Mormon Trail, and the Santa Fe Trail. These trails are administered by several federal agencies. National Preserves are for the protection of certain resources. Activities like hunting, fishing, and some mining are allowed. Big Cypress National Preserve and Big Thicket National Preserve were created in 1974 as the first national preserves.

National Reserves are similar to national preserves, but the operational authority can be placed with a local government. New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve was the first to be established in 1978.

Visitors to the National Parks

The National Park System receives over 280,000,000 visits each year throughout the 395 units. Annually, visitors are surveyed for their satisfaction with services and facilities provided.

The ten most visited units of the National Park System handle thirty percent of the visits to the 395 park units. The top ten percent of parks (39) handle 61.2% of all visits, leaving the remaining 355 units to deal with 38.8% of visits.

! Park	! Rank	! Visits
Blue Ridge Parkway
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Gateway National Recreation Area
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Lake Mead National Recreation Area
George Washington Memorial Parkway
Natchez Trace Parkway
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
Lincoln Memorial
Cape Cod National Seashore

Overnight stays Over 13.8 million visitors spent a night in one of the National Park Units during 2008. The largest number (3.59 million) stayed in one of the lodges. The second largest group were tent campers (2.96 million) followed by Miscellaneous stays (on boats, group sites—2.06 million). The last three groups of over-night visitors included RV Campers (2.01 million), Back country campers (1.80 million) and users of the Concession run campgrounds (1.22 million). Over the last 30 years the largest change has been with RV users.

! Park	! 2009 Rank	! 1994 Rank	! 1979 Rank
RV Campers
Tent Campers
Lodges
Backcountry
Misc
Concession Campers

Services Consistently, the highest ranked service has been Assistance from Park Employees (82% very good, 2007).

Facilities Among facilities, the park Visitor Centers obtain a consistent 70% very good rating (73% in 2007).

Youth programs

The National Park Service offers a variety of youth oriented programs. They range from the Web Ranger on-line program to many programs in each National Park Unit. The primary work opporunities for youth are through the Youth Corp networks.

The oldest serving group is the Student Conservation Association (SCA). It was established in 1957, committed to conservation and preservation. The SCA's goal is to create the next generation of conservation leaders. SCA volunteers work through internships, conservation jobs, and crew experiences. Volunteers conduct resource management, historic preservation, cultural resources and conservation programs to gain experience, which can lead to career development and furather educational opportunties. The SCA places volunteers in more than 350 national park units and NPS offices each year.

­The Corps Network, formerly known as the National Association for Service and Corps (NASCC), represents 136 Service and Conservation Corps. These groups have programs in 42 states and the District of Columbia. Corpsmembers are between the ages of 16-25. Service and Conservation Corps are direct descendents of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) of the 1930s that built park facilities in the national parks and other public parks around the country. The Corps Network was established in 1985.

Youth Conservation Corps (ages 15–25)

The Youth Conservation Corps (YCC), bring young people into a park to restore, preserve and protect a natural, cultural, or historical resources. Enrollees are paid for their work.

Public Land Corps (ages 16–25)

The Public Land Corps (PLC) is a job helping to restore, protect, and rehabilitate a local national parks. The enrollees learn about environmental issues and the park. A dozen non-profit.

Programs for Boy Scouts (ages 7–18)

The National Park Service works with the Boy Scouts of America. Members can become a Scout Ranger and earn a patch. The Service participates every four years at the BSA Jamboree at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. Many scouts have completed their Eagle projects in a National Park helping preserve the resources, while furthering the scouting experience.

Programs for Girl Scouts (ages 5–18)

Girl Scouts can become a Girl Scout Ranger and earn a patch! The National Park Service works with Girl Scout Troops through their ''Linking Girls to the Land''.

Accessibility

Access Pass The Access Pass offers free, lifetime admission to federal areas of the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Tennessee Valley Authority.

Service Animals Service animals are allowed in all facilities and on most trails, with the exceptions of stock trails and areas closed by the superintendent to protect park resources. Service animals must always be leashed. Service animals in training and pets are subject to other park regulations. When traveling with an animal, carry water, and allow for stops. Dispose of pet feces in a trash bin.

Camping The National Park System offers numerous accessible camping opportunities. In over 120 units, campgrounds have sites specifically designed for tent camper accessibility. Special camp sites are located near restrooms with paved walkways to and from the restroom and water sources. Sites have hardened tenting sites that provide for easy access, but allow for tents to be erected on soil. Many additional units have pull-through trailer sites, providing for motorized use, but may have limited access to the rest of the campground facilities.

Trails Many National Park units have fully accessible trails. Visitors should check the park's web-site to insure that the trail is designed to meet their individual needs. Trails may have a compacted gravel surface, paved with asphalt, or a board walk. Many will have guardrails, others may have a ridge along the edge, detectable by the visually impaired using a cane and capable of stopping a wheelchair. Many have no detectable edge when there is a stable surface.

Vistas Parks that are known for their scenic vistas make them available through a variety of designs. Paved overlooks with accessible parking is the most common, and not always identified in written material. Road designs are configured to provide for mountain and landscape visita from a vehicle.

Additional information at "The Disabled Traveler's Companion".

Concessions

In an effort to increase visitation and allow for a larger audience to enjoy national park land, the National Park Service has numerous concession contracts with private businesses to bring recreation, resorts and other ''compatible'' amenities to their parks. NPS lodging opportunities exist at places such as the Wawona Hotel in Yosemite National Park and the Fort Baker Retreat and Conference Center in Golden Gate National Recreation Area. "Adaptive reuses" like those at Fort Baker, have raised some controversy, however, from concerns about the historical integrity of these buildings, after such extensive renovations and whether such alterations fall within the spirit and/or the letter of the preservation laws they are protected by.

Delaware North Corporation at Yosemite National Park

Forever Resorts at Big Bend National Park, Blue Ridge Parkway, Badlands National Park, North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Olympic National Park, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mammoth Cave National Park, Isle Royale National Park, and Rocky Mountain National Park.

Xanterra Parks & Resorts at Bryce Canyon National Park, Crater Lake National Park, Death Valley National Park, South Rim Grand Canyon National Park, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Painted Desert at Petrified Forest National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Zion National Park.

Cooperators, i.e., bookstores

At many Park Service sites a bookstore is operated by a non-profit cooperating association. The largest example is Eastern National, which runs bookstores in 30 states with 178 stores.

Eastern National

Western National Park Association

Park specific:

Cuyahoga Valley National Park Association

Devils Tower Natural History Association Bookstore

Yosemite Association

Yellowstone Association

Publisher of National Parks Interpretive Books

Books written by individual National Park interpreters or experts on specific parks are published for each park by:

KC Publications

Offices

thumb|left| Headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., with regional offices in Anchorage, Atlanta, Lakewood, CO (Denver), Omaha, NE, Oakland, CA, Philadelphia and Seattle. The headquarters building of the National Park Service Southwest Regional Office is architecturally signicant and is designated a National Historic Landmark.

The National Park Service is a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Interior. The Director is nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Director is supported by six senior executives. They manage national programs, policy, and budget from the Washington, DC, headquarters. Under the Deputy Director of Operations are seven regional directors, who are responsible for national park management and program implementation. Together this group is called the ''National Leadership Council''.

The national office is located in the Main Interior Building, 1849 C Street NW, several blocks southwest of the White House. The central office is composed of eleven directorates: Director/Deputy Directors; Business Services; Workforce Management; Chief Information Officer; Cultural Resources; Natural Resource Stewardship and Science; Office of the Comptroller; Park Planning, Facilities, and Lands; Partnerships and Visitor Experience; Visitor and Resource Protection; and the United States Park Police.

Working in a National Park Unit

Employees of the National Park Service

By the mid-1950s, the primary employee of the Service was the Park Ranger and they did everything that was needed in the parks. They cleaned up trash, operated heavy equipment, fought fires, managed traffic, cleared trails and roads, provided information to visitors, managed museums, performed rescues, flew aircraft, and investigated crime.

By the 21st century, the demands of the service required specialists. Today, there is a broad array of career paths in the service:

National Park Service Ranger

* Interpreter

* Law Enforcement

Park Management (Superintendent/Deputy)

United States Park Police

Emergency Management (Emergency medical providers, search and rescue specialists)

Dispatchers

Maintenance (including carpenters, plumbers, masons, laborers, auto mechanics, motor vehicle operators, heavy equipment operators, electricians)

Park Planning

* Architects, Engineers, and Landscape architects

Resource Management (including archeologist, biologist, botanist, aquatics, soil scientist, geologist)

History (curators, historians, preservation technicians, historic architects, archivists)

Fire Management (managers, weather specialist, firefighters, engine chiefs)

Public Affairs

Administration (human resources, finance, accountants, information technology, budgeting, concessions management)

In addition, many seasonal workers are hired to handle the increased need for staffing during the busy summer months.

Locations are varied. Parks exist in the nation's larger cities like New York City (Federal Hall Memorial National Historic Site), Atlanta (Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site), and San Diego (Cabrillo National Monument) to some of the remotest areas of the continent like Hovenweep National Monument in southeastern Utah, to Aniakchak National Monument in King Salmon, Alaska.

Volunteers in Park (VIP)

The Volunteer-in-Parks program was authorized in 1969 by the Volunteers in the Parks Act of 1969. for the purpose of allowing the public to serve in the nations parks providing support and skills for their enhancement and protection.

Volunteers come from all walks of life and perform many varied and exciting duties. Many volunteers come from the surrounding communities and include professionals, artists, laborers, homemakers and students. Some volunteers travel significant distances to reach the park where they wish to provide services. In the 2005 annual report (most current report available), the National Park Service reported:

"...137,000 VIPs contributed 5.2 million hours of service (or 2500 FTEs) valued at $91,260,000 based on the private sector value figure of $17.55 as used by AARP, Points of Light Foundation, and other large-scale volunteer programs including many federal agencies. There are 365 separate volunteer programs throughout the National Park Service. Since 1990, the number of volunteers has increased an average of 2% per year."

FTE = Full Time Equivalency (1 work year)

Artist-In-Residence Across the nation, there are special opportunties for artists (visual artists, photographers, sculptors, performers, writers, composers, and crafts) to live and work in a park. Twenty-nine parks currently participate in the ''Artist-In-Residence program''.

Concessions

As noted above, numerous Concessions operate lodging, gas stations, restaurants, and gift shops. Each offers an opportunity to work in a national park.

Special divisions

The United States Park Police is a distinct law enforcement division of the National Park Service, with jurisdiction in all NPS sites, but primarily used in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, New York City and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, in and around San Francisco. Law enforcement services in other NPS units are provided by ''commissioned'' (sworn peace officer) park rangers. Other special NPS divisions include the Archeology Program, Historic American Buildings Survey, National Register of Historic Places, National Natural Landmarks, the Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program, the Challenge Cost Share Program, the Federal Lands to Parks, the Hydropower Relicensing Program, the Land and Water Conservation Fund, the National Trails System and the Partnership Wild and Scenic Rivers Program.

Park Police The United States Park Police (USPP) is the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agency in the United States. It functions as a full service law enforcement agency with responsibilities and jurisdiction in those National Park Service areas primarily located in the Washington, D.C., San Francisco, and New York City areas. In addition to performing the normal crime prevention, investigation, and apprehension functions of an urban police force, the Park Police are responsible for policing many of the famous monuments in the United States and share law enforcement jurisdiction in all lands administered by the Service with a force of National Park Rangers tasked with the same law enforcement powers and responsibilities.

Centers The National Park Service operates four archeology-related centers: Harpers Ferry Center in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, the Midwest Archeological Center in Lincoln, Nebraska, the Southeast Archeological Center in Tallahassee, Florida and the Western Archeological and Conservation Center in Tucson, Arizona. The Harpers Ferry Center specializes in interpretive media development and object conservation. The other three focus to various degrees on archaeological research and museum object curation and conservation.

National Park Service training centers include: Horace Albright Training Center, Grand Canyon; Stephen Mather Training Center, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; Historic Preservation Training Center, Frederick, Maryland and Capital Training Center, Washington, D.C.

The Submerged Resources Center is the unit responsible for the submerged areas throughout the National Park system. The SRC is based out of the Intermountain Region's headquarters in Lakewood, Colorado.

Preservation programs (HABS/HAER)

The oldest federal preservation program, the Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record (HABS/HAER), produces graphic and written documentation of historically significant architectural, engineering and industrial sites and structures. Dating from 1934, the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) was chartered to document historic architecture—primarily houses and public buildings—of national or regional significance. Originally a New Deal employment/preservation program, after World War II, HABS employed summer teams of advanced undergraduate and graduate students to carry out the documentation, a tradition followed to this day. Many of the structures they documented no longer exist.

HABS/HAER produces measured drawings, large-format photographs and written histories of historic sites, structures and objects, that are significant to the architectural, engineering and industrial heritage of the U.S. Its 25,000 records are part of the Library of Congress. HABS/HAER is administered by the NPS Washington office and five regional offices.

Historic American Building SurveyIn 1933, the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, established the Historic American Building Survey (HABS), based on a proposal by Charles E. Peterson, Park Service landscape architect. It was founded as a make-work program for architects, draftsmen and photographers left jobless by the Great Depression. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D.C., the first recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of America's architectural heritage. After 70 years, there is now an archive of historic architecture. HABS provided a database of primary source material for the then fledgling historic preservation movement.

Historic American Engineering RecordRecognizing a similar fragility in our national industrial and engineering heritage, the National Park Service, the Library of Congress and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) formed the HAER program in 1969, to document nationally and regionally significant engineering and industrial sites. A short while later, HAER was ratified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). HAER documentation, in the forms of measured and interpretive drawings, large-format photographs and written histories, is archivally preserved in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, where it is readily available to the public.

Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance ProgramThe RTCA program of the National Park Service is designed to assist local communities and the public in preservation of rivers, trails and greenways. Unlike the mainline National Park Programs, these programs take place on non-federal property at the request of the local community. One of their better known programs is Rails to Trails, where unused railroad right-of-ways are converted into public hiking and biking trails.

National Trails SystemThe National Trails System is a joint mission of the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service. It was created in 1968 to establish a system of long-distance National Scenic and National Historic Trails, as well as to recognize existing trails in the states as National Recreation Trails. Several additional trails have been established since 1968, and in 2009 Congress established the first National Geologic Trail.

National Heritage Areas National Heritage Areas are a unique blend of natural, cultural, historic, and scenic resources. Having developed out of a shared historic, they create a unique whole. Currently (April 2010) there are 49 designated heritage areas. A short listing is shown below.

Yuma Crossing, Arizona

Cache La Poudre, Colorado

Cane River, Louisiana

Silos and Smokestacks, Iowa

Illinois & Michigan Canal, Illinois - - 1st designated heritage area.

Tennessee Civil War, entire State of Tennessee

South Carolina, South Carolina

Augusta Canal, South Carolina

National Coal, West Virginia

Shenandoah Valley Battlefields, Virginia

Wheeling, West Virginia

Ohio and Erie Canalway, Ohio

Motor Cities, Michigan

Rivers of Steel, Pennsylvania

Path of Progress, Pennsylvania

Schuylkill River Valley, Pennsylvania

Delaware & Lehigh, Pennsylvania

Lackawanna Heritage Valley, Pennsylvania

Erie Canalway, New York

Hudson River Valley, New York

Quinebaug & Shetucket Rivers Valley, Connecticut

Blackstone River Valley, Massachusetts

Essex County, Massachusetts

International Affairs

Since 1973, the number of parks and protected areas globally has swelled from 1,200 to more than 100,000. In this leadership role, the Park Service has shared its talents, expertise, and experiences in with many international partnerships. These partnerships were created to establish, sustain and strengthen parks, heritage sites, and other types of protected areas.

Sister Parks There are 45 sister parks in eighteen countries. Thirty National Park Units are actively involved in these sister park relationships. Twelve of these ‘sister parks’ are in our neighbor to the south, Mexico. Both Canada and Mexico share common natural and historical events. Many of these sister park relations are built on this, as with Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta and Glacier National Park, Montana. The same cooperative design is also being used with Big Bend National Park, Texas; Maderas del Carmen, state of Coahuila, Mexico; and Canon de Santa Elena WPA, state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Other pairings are based on common operational issues, i.e., Kampinoski National Park, Poland with Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana; or the Lake Superior parks of Canada and the U.S.; Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario, and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan.

Cooperative Work The National Park Service provides technical support to numerous intentional partners, beyond the support managed through the ‘Sister Park’ Program. Technical support is provided through programs at the National Park Service training facilities in the United States and at U.S. Parks and through the dispatch of technical teams to a host country.

''Canada'' - In 1998, the Service and Parks Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a program of technical exchange and cooperation. The MOU was renewed in 2003.

''Latin America and Caribbean'' – Years of technical support have created numerous relationships. In 2009, major programs were under way in Argentina, Costa Rica, Chile, and Haiti.

''North Africa and the Middle East'' - In 2008, the National Park Service (NPS) and the Department of the Interior's International Technical Assistance Program (ITAP) brought Two Jordanians and one Bahraini wildlife specialist to US national parks to work with NPS wildlife biologists. Here, they learn and observe how to manage threatened and endangered species.

''Asia'' – Technical teams and sister park relationship allow China, Korea, Japan, and Cambodia to share skills and techniques.

''Africa''- Since 1995, the National Park Service and South Africa have worked on numerous park projects. Additionally, technical support and training has been provided to eighteen other nations in Africa.

World Heritage Sites thumbWorld Heritage Sites have enough universally recognized natural and cultural features that they are considered to merit the protection of all the peoples in the world. The National Park Service is responsible for 16 of the 19 World Heritage Sites in the United States.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico

Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico

Everglades National Park, Florida

Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii

Independence Hall, Pennsylvania

Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek Park, Alaska, U.S./ B.C. & Yukon, Canada

Mammoth Cave, Kentucky

Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

Olympic National Park, Washington

Redwood National and State Parks, California

Statue of Liberty, New York

Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (union of Waterton Lakes (Canada) and Glacier (U.S.) parks), Montana & Alberta, Canada

Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, extending into Montana and Idaho

Yosemite National Park, California

Initiatives

24-hr all Taxa BioBlitz: A joint venture of the National Geographic Society and the National Park Service. Beginning in 2004, at Rock Creek Parkway, the National Geographic Society and the National Park Service began a 10-year program of hosting a major biological survey of ten selected national park units. The intent is to develop public interest in the nations natural resources, develop scientific interest in America's youth and to create citizen scientist.

2007: Rock Creek Park, Washington D.C. 661 species

2008: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Los Angeles, California. 1,700 species and more pending.

2009: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, greater Chicago, in northern Indiana. 1,716 species and still counting.

2010: Biscayne National Park, Miami, Florida. 810 species were identified during this 24-hr event. As classification continues, more species will be added to the list.

2011: Saguaro National Park, Tucson, Arizona.

Biological Diversity: Biological Diversity is the vast variety of life as identified through species and genetics. This variety is decreasing as people spread across the globe, altering areas to better meet their needs. Climate Change: ''Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea levels.'' (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). South Florida Restoration Initiative: Rescuing an Ecosystem in Peril: In partnership with the State of Florida, and the Army Corps of Engineers, the National Park Service is restoring the physical and biological processes of the South Florida ecosystem. Historically, this ecosystem contained some of the most diverse habitats on earth. Vanishing Treasures Initiative: Ruins Preservation in the American Southwest: The Vanishing Treasures Initiative began in FY 1998 to reduce threats to prehistoric and historic sites and structures in 44 parks of the Intermountain Region. In 2002, the program expanded to include three parks in the Pacific West Region. The goal is to reduce backlogged work and to bring sites and structures up to a condition where routine maintenance activities can preserve them. Wetlands: Wetlands includes marshes, swamps, and bogs. These areas and the plants and animals adapted to these conditions spread from the arctic to the equator. The shrinking wetlands provide habitat for fish and wildlife, help clean water and reduce the impact of storms and floods on the surrounding communities. Wildland Fire: Fires have been a natural part of park eco-systems. Many plants and some animals require a cycle of fire or flooding to be successful and productive. With the advent of human intervention and public access to parks, there are safety concerns for the visiting public.

Climate Friendly Park

The Climate Friendly Parks Program was created as a collaborative effort between the National Park Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. As stewards of the nations important natural and cultural resources, the National Park Service is taking a proactive stance towards climate change. This program is meant to achieve two goals. First, it will measure and reduce greenhouse gases to help slow the effects of climate change. Secondly, it is an example of environmental leadership.

Each park that joins the initiative will move to climate affecting pollution and offers public education programs about how the parks are already affect. The program will provide climate friendly solutions to the visiting public, like using clean energy, reducing waste, and making smart transportation choices. The CFP program has an established framework that can provide technical assistance, tools and resources for the parks and their neighboring communities to protect the natural and cultural resources.

Parks in the CFP program are creating and implementing plans to reduce greenhouse gases through reducing energy and water use. Facilities are being designed and retrofitted using sustainable materials. Alternative transportation systems are being developed to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. • Travel Smart – Walk, bike, carpool, take mass transit, and drive a fuel-efficient car. • Save Energy – Choose energy-efficient appliances and convert lighting to compact fluorescent bulbs. • Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle – Buy products with reusable, recyclable, and reduced packaging and support community recycling.

The large, isolated parks typically generate their own electricity and heat and must do so without spoiling the values that the visitors have come to experience. There is the pollution emitted by the vehicles used to transport visitors around the often-vast expanses of the parks. Many parks have converted vehicles to electric hybrids, substitute diesel/electric hybrid buses for private automobiles. Replacement with electric vehicles would eliminate these (25 TPY) emissions entirely.

Related acts

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980

Antiquities Act or Lacy Act of 1906

Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008

Endangered Species Act of 1973

Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934

Historic Sites Act of 1935

Lacey Act of 1900 (Wildlife preservation)

Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972

National Park Service General Authorities Act of 1970

National Park Service Organic Act of 1916

National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 (NEPA)

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA)

National Wild and Scenic River of 1968

Redwood Act of 1978, creating one protection standard for the System

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976

Wilderness Act of 1964

See also

People

Ansel Franklin Hall, first Chief Naturalist and first Chief Forester of the National Park Service

Harry Yount, progenitor of the modern national park ranger

William Kent (U.S. Congressman), donated early parklands to the government.

John F. Lacey, congressman from California.

National Park Ranger

National Park People

Areas

List of National Parks of the United States

List of areas in the United States National Park System

List of the United States National Park System official units

National Heritage Area

National Memorial

National Monument (United States)

Related Organizations

National Park Foundation

National Parks Conservation Association

Other links

Land and Water Conservation Fund

National Park Passport Stamps

National Park Service Rustic, style of architecture

National Park to Park Highway

National Park Travelers Club

United States Senate Committee on Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game

Notes

References

Albright, Horace M. (as told to Robert Cahn). ''The Birth of the National Park Service''. Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1985.

Albright, Horace M, and Marian Albright Schenck. ''Creating the National Park Service: The Missing Years''. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.

Dilsaver, Lary M., ed. ''America's National Park System: The Critical Documents''. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994.

Everhardt, William C. ''The National Park Service''. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Foresta, Ronald A. ''America's National Parks and Their Keepers''. Washington: Resources for the Future, 1985.

Freemuth, John. ''Islands Under Siege: National Parks and the Politics of External Threats''. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991.

Garrison, Lemuel A;. ''The Making of a Ranger''. Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1983.

Gartner, Bob; ''Exploring Careers in the National Parks''. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 1993

Hartzog, George B. Jr; ''Battling for the National Parks''; Moyer Bell Limited; Mt. Kisco, New York; 1988

Ise, John. ''Our National Park Policy: A Critical History''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1961.

Lee, Ronald F.; ''Family Tree of the National Park System''; Eastern National Parks, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1972

Lowery, William. ''Repairing Paradise: The Restoration of Nature in America's National Parks''. Washington: Brookings, 2009

Mackintosh, Barry. ''The National Parks: Shaping the System''. Washington: National Park Service, 1991.

''National Parks for the 21st Century; The Vail Agenda''; The National Park Foundation, 1991

''National Park Service Almanac'', Edited and Compiled by Ben Moffett and Vickie Carson: Rocky Mountain Region, National Park Service, 1991, revised 2006

''The National Parks: Shaping The System''; National Park Service, Washington D.C. 1991.

Rettie, Dwight F.; ''Our National Park System''; University of Illinois Press; Urbana, Illinois; 1995

Ridenour, James M. ''The National Parks Compromised: Pork Barrel Politics and America's Treasures''. Merrillville, IN: ICS Books, 1994.

Rothman, Hal K. ''Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments''. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

Runte, Alfred. ''National Parks, the American Experience'', Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.

Sellars, Richard West. ''Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

Shankland, Robert; ''Steve Mather of the National Parks''; Alfred A. Knopf, New York; 1970

Sontag, William H.'' National Park Service: The First 75 Years''. Philadelphia: Eastern National Park & Monument Assn., 1991.

Sutter, Paul. 2002. ''Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement''. Seattle: University of Washington press. ISBN 978-0-295-98219-9.

Swain, Donald. ''Wilderness Defender: Horace M. Albright and Conservation''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Udall, Stewart L., ''The Quiet Crisis''. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.

Wirth, Conrad L. ''Parks, Politics, and the People''. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.

External links

NPS official website

NPS Research Links/Reference Desk

NPS Library Information Center

NPS Focus Digital Library & Research Station

NPS Historic Photograph Collection

NPS B-Roll Video (public domain)

NPS Digital Image Archives (public domain)

NPS Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS)

Community Assistance Available from the National Park Service

Criteria for inclusion in the National Park System

Designation of National Park System Units (national monument vs national park, etc.)

National Park System Timeline

''The National Parks: America's Best Idea'' from the National Park Service Archeology Program

National Park Service Records available in the Archival Research Catalog of the National Archives and Records Administration

National Park Service Records available at the National Archives and Records Administration's Atlanta facility

NPS Climate Friendly Parks

Other sources.

Gallery of all US National Parks (does not include National Park System units of any other designation)

Gallery of National Park "Welcome" Signs

National Park Service Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed

Records of the National Park Service, including an administrative history and a list of regional offices of the National Park Service up to 1988

National Park Foundation, the Congressionally chartered national charitable partner of America's National Parks

DOI Law Enforcement Jobs: Park Ranger (Series 0025)

Category:Conservation in the United States Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States Category:Government agencies established in 1916 Category:Land management in the United States Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C. Category:United States public land law

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Name	Jonathan Jarvis
Office	Director of the National Park Service
President	Barack Obama
Term start	September 24, 2009
Predecessor	Dan Wenk (Acting)
Birth date	June 26, 1953
Alma mater	College of William and Mary }}

Jonathan B. Jarvis (born June 26, 1953) is the 18th Director of the United States National Park Service, confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 2009. He was serving as regional director for the Pacific West Region when, on July 10, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Jarvis for the directorship following the resignation of Mary A. Bomar on January 20, 2009, the day of President Obama's inauguration. A career civil servant, Jarvis has been with the service for over 30 years.

Prior to his work as regional director, Jarvis served for three years as the superintendent of Mount Rainier National Park in Ashford, Washington. He was superintendent of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in Idaho and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Service & Preserve in Alaska during the 1990s.

Jarvis graduated from The College of William & Mary, where he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, in 1975 with a degree in biology.

References

Category:The College of William & Mary alumni Category:Directors of the United States National Park Service Category:Living people Category:1953 births

nl:Jonathan Jarvis

name	Scott Tipton
state	Colorado
district	3rd
term start	January 3, 2011
preceded	John Salazar
state house2	Colorado
state2	Colorado
district2	58th
term start2	January 9, 2009
term end2	January 2, 2011
preceded2	Ray Rose
succeeded2	Don Coram
birth date	November 09, 1956
birth place	Española, New Mexico
alma mater	Fort Lewis College(B.A., 1978)
party	Republican
spouse	Jean Tipton
children	Liesl; Elizabeth
residence	Cortez, Colorado
occupation	Politician; Small Businessman
religion	Anglican
website	Scott Tipton for Congress
footnotes	}}

Scott R. Tipton (born November 9, 1956) is the U.S. Representative for . In November 2010, he defeated three-term incumbent Democrat John Salazar, whom he lost to in 2006 by a wide margin. He was a member of the Colorado House of Representatives and a co-owner of a pottery company in Cortez, Colorado. Prior to being elected to public office, he was the Chairman of the Colorado Republican Party from 1997 to 2008.

Early life

Scott Tipton was raised in Cortez, where he attended public schools with his brother Joe and graduated from Montezuma-Cortez High School. He went on to Ft. Lewis College in Durango where he studied Political Science. He graduated in 1978, becoming the first person in his family to graduate from college. After Ft. Lewis, Scott returned to Cortez and founded Mesa Verde Indian Pottery, which he co-owns with his brother Joe. After 31 years in business, Mesa Verde Trading has developed an international client base.

Early political career

A lifelong Republican, Tipton became involved in the Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign in 1976 and was a delegate to the Republican Convention that year. He also assisted and ran local campaigns for Reagan in 1980 and 1984 across Montezuma County, Colorado and the 3rd Congressional District.

Over the years, he has served in various roles for the campaigns of Scott McInnis, Ben Campbell, Bill Owens and George Bush. A former Montezuma County GOP Chairman, Scott served as the Republican Chairman of the 3rd Congressional District for eight years.

Colorado legislature

2008 election

Scott Tipton announced his candidacy for Colorado House District 58 on February 5, 2008. This announcement came shortly after the incumbent Ray Rose announced he was retiring in 2008 and several key leaders asked Tipton to run. Tipton had no opposition in the August Republican primary, but faced Democrat Noelle Hagan in the November 2008 general election. Hagan's candidacy was endorsed by the ''Denver Post'' and the ''Montrose Daily Press'', but Tipton won the race with 59 percent of the popular vote.

Tenure

With Representatives Laura Bradford and Frank McNulty, Tipton plans on re-introducing a version of Jessica's Law to establish minimum sentences for child sex offenders, and sponsoring bills to create a full-time judge position in Montrose, and to simplify water rights filing.

Committee assignments

For the 2009 legislative session, Tipton was named to seats on the House Agriculture, Livestock, and Natural Resources Committee and the House Local Government Committee.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

;2006 Tipton challenged the then Freshman Democratic U.S. Congressman John Salazar. Tipton lost 38% to 62% for Salazar.

;2010 Tipton challenged Democratic incumbent John Salazar in . Libertarian Gregory Gilman and Independent Jake Segrest were also on the ballot, with Independents John W. Hargis, Sr. and James Fritz qualified as write-in candidates.

Tipton decided to retire from the Colorado House of Representatives to run for Congress in 2010, again challenging Salazar. In the Republican primary, Tipton defeated Bob McConnell 56% to 44%.

Larry Sabato, Stuart Rothenberg, CQ Politics, New York Times, and Charlie Cook rated the race as a "Toss-up", with FiveThirtyEight giving Tipton a 77.9% of winning, while Real Clear Politics rated the race "Leans GOP". Colorado's 3rd has a Cook PVI of R+5.

Tenure

Tipton is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform’s Taxpayer Protection Pledge.

Committee assignments

Committee on Agriculture

*Subcommittee on Conservation, Energy, and Forestry

Committee on Natural Resources

*Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands

*Subcommittee on Water and Power

Committee on Small Business

*Subcommittee on Agriculture, Energy and Trade (Chairman)

*Subcommittee on Investigations, Oversight and Regulations

Personal life

Tipton and his wife Jean have been married for 27 years and have two daughters, Liesl and Elizabeth.

References

External links

U.S. Congressman Scott Tipton ''official U.S. House site''

Scott Tipton for Congress ''official campaign site''

Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:Colorado Republican Party chairs Category:Colorado Republicans Category:Fort Lewis College alumni Category:Members of the Colorado House of Representatives Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Colorado Category:People from Montezuma County, Colorado

pl:Scott Tipton