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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan
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Armenia
Armenia (, transliterated : Hayastan, ), officially the Republic of Armenia (, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, ), is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Bosnia-Herzegovina
http://wn.com/Bosnia-Herzegovina -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia -
Cyprus
Cyprus (; , Kýpros, ; ), – officially the Republic of Cyprus (, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía, ; ) – is a Eurasian island country in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of Syria and Lebanon. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of its most popular tourist destinations. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic ( ; , , short form Česko ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The Czech Republic has been a member of NATO since 1999 and of the European Union since 2004. The Czech Republic is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). As an OSCE participating State, the Czech Republic’s international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. From 1 January 2009 to 30 June 2009, the Czech Republic held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
http://wn.com/Czech_Republic -
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
http://wn.com/European_Commission -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
http://wn.com/Greece -
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Hot Bird
Hot Bird is the name of a popular family of satellites operated by Eutelsat, located at 13°E over the Equator (orbital position) and with a transmitting footprint over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
http://wn.com/Hot_Bird -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
http://wn.com/Ireland -
Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
http://wn.com/Italy -
Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
http://wn.com/Japan -
Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
http://wn.com/Malta -
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco (; Monégasque: Principatu de Múnegu; ; ), is a small sovereign city-state located in South Western Europe on the northern central coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is surrounded on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with an estimated population of almost 33,000.
http://wn.com/Monaco -
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand -
Orbit Showtime
Orbit Showtime Network (OSN) is the dominant subscription television service in the Middle East and North Africa. It is a joint venture between the Kuwait-based KIPCO (50% stake) and Saudi Arabia-based Mawarid Holding (50% stake), the company was founded through a merger between Orbit Communications Company and Showtime Arabia. The company has its headquarters at Dubai Media City in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Orbit Showtime Network broadcasts in Arabic, English, and Filipino.
http://wn.com/Orbit_Showtime -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal -
RAI
RAI – Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian state owned public service broadcaster controlled by the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI is the biggest television company in Italy. It competes with three major private television companies, Mediaset, Telecom Italia Media and Sky Italia.
http://wn.com/RAI -
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Sky News
Sky News is a 24-hour based domestic and international satellite television news broadcaster with an emphasis on UK and international news stories.
http://wn.com/Sky_News -
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
http://wn.com/Slovenia -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa -
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Sweden
Sweden (pronounced , ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany, and Poland to the south, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia to the east. Sweden is also connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland -
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
http://wn.com/Washington_DC -
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1400 arrested in Malaysia rally
Police in Malaysia have arrested more than 1400 anti-government protesters after thousands of people marched on the capital Kuala Lumpur. Officers fired repeated rounds of tear gas to break-up the crowds who had evaded city-wide roadblocks to take part in the rally. At least a dozen people were hurt including opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim who fell over during a tear gas attack. ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/1400_arrested_in_Malaysia_rally
Abbas applies for UN recognition of Palestine
www.euronews.net The Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas has formally presented a request for the United Nations to recognise Palestine as a sovereign state. The US has promised to veto the move which it sees as counterproductive. Abbas' appeal reflects a loss of faith in the peace process, which despite 20 years of talks, has led to no let-up in Israeli settlement building on land the Palestinians consider theirs.
http://wn.com/Abbas_applies_for_UN_recognition_of_Palestine
Third survivor is found on capsized liner off Italy
www.euronews.net Italian rescue teams searching for dozens of missing people more than a day after a cruise ship capsized have made voice contact with another survivor. They are doing all they can to reach the person trapped in the stricken Costa Concordia which hit rocks off the west coast of Italy, late on Friday. A minor miracle occurred earlier when a South Korean couple on honeymoon were found alive in a cabin, more than 24 hours after disaster struck.
http://wn.com/Third_survivor_is_found_on_capsized_liner_off_Italy
Iran raises the stakes in the Gulf
www.euronews.net Tension is rising in the Persian Gulf after Iran once again tested long-range missiles and a senior army officer warned the US to keep its aircraft carriers out of the region. The warning, reported by the semi-official Fars news agency, did not name the American vessel but claimed it had left the area due to Iranian naval exercises taking place in the Gulf over the past ten days.
http://wn.com/Iran_raises_the_stakes_in_the_Gulf
euronews reporter - Abortion in Poland, the debate continues
www.euronews.net Increasing numbers of Polish women are crossing European borders in search of abortions. Poland has some of the toughest abortion laws in Europe, and because of that the vast majority of terminations that happen in Poland are carried out in secret. It is estimated there are up to 200000 Polish backstreet terminations every year. While women's groups are campaigning for the laws to be relaxed, pro-life hardliners are calling for them to be tightened up even further.
http://wn.com/euronews_reporter__Abortion_in_Poland,_the_debate_continues
Tsunami hits Japan
A giant wave several metres high has struck Japan's Pacific coast. A warning has been issued for a possible tsunami across the whole of the Pacific.... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/Tsunami_hits_Japan
euronews science - Glow green for go: scientists develop cancer marker
www.euronews.net It is all too easy for surgeons to miss microscopic cancer cells when operating on a patient but now Japanese researchers have developed a spray which makes carcinomas glow green.
http://wn.com/euronews_science__Glow_green_for_go_scientists_develop_cancer_marker
Coastal pollution fears after Nigeria oil spill
www.euronews.net Those living along Nigeria's coastline said on Monday that officials are not doing enough to clean up last month's deep sea oil spill. Thirteen coastal villages are thought to have been affected by the incident at Shell's Bonga oil field on December 20th. Environmental groups said local beaches have been coated with black sludge and drinking water has been polluted. Shell shut down its oil platform following the spill. The company denied that any of the oil has washed up on the coast.
http://wn.com/Coastal_pollution_fears_after_Nigeria_oil_spill
Mourners weep at escalator used by Kim Jong-il
www.euronews.net North Korean state media has released a still photograph of what is believed to have been Kim Jong-il's last public appearance before he died. He is seen on a supermarket escalator, with his son and future successor Kim Jong-un among those behind him. Today the escalator they travelled down has been turned into a shrine.
http://wn.com/Mourners_weep_at_escalator_used_by_Kim_Jong-il
euronews reporter - UK-EU: should I stay or should I go?
www.euronews.net The age old debate of Britain's place at the heart of Europe is heating up once again. Last month Eurosceptics praised Prime Minister David Cameron for saying NO to France and Germany on a new EU treaty calling for deeper fiscal integration. Yet critics warn he's left Britain increasingly isolated on the European political stage. Today the pressure is on for what many see as inevitable: a referendum on whether the UK wants to stay in or get out of the EU. ------------------------------------------------------
http://wn.com/euronews_reporter__UK-EU_should_I_stay_or_should_I_go?
euronews science - Iceland volcano on brink of major eruption
www.euronews.net Seismologists in Iceland are warning of another volcanic eruption, this time at Katla or Hekla, which could dwarf the volcanic ash cloud crisis of last year.
http://wn.com/euronews_science__Iceland_volcano_on_brink_of_major_eruption
Germany, France press for swift Greek debt deal
www.euronews.net As eurozone finance ministers meet in Brussels, Germany and France say they want Greece to reach a deal quickly with its private creditors that will cut its massive debt to sustainable levels. Talks are going on to convince the banks and investment funds to accept big losses on their loans to Greece
http://wn.com/Germany,_France_press_for_swift_Greek_debt_deal
euronews learning world - Inspiring women
International Women's Day reminds us all that in many parts of the world girls are denied the same access to education as boys. But at the Happy Chandara School in Cambodia they are trying to change traditional attitudes and break down the gender barrier to education. ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/euronews_learning_world__Inspiring_women
Rescuers detonate charges on Italian ship wreck
www.euronews.net Rescue squads have carried out controlled explosions on a cruise liner stricken off Italy's Tuscan coast. A total of eight microcharges were used. The explosions were to allow firefighters and scuba divers to get to parts of the ship that they were previously unable to access. Twenty-nine people are still missing: four crew members and 25 passengers. Authorities are looking for 14 Germans, six Italians, four French nationals and two Americans. The others are one each from India, Peru and Hungary.
http://wn.com/Rescuers_detonate_charges_on_Italian_ship_wreck
euronews learning world - Hitting the right note in music school
Music is a universal language. Singing, playing, listening, appreciating - all of it enriches young people, boosts their learning skills and deepens their understanding of history and culture. In Japan some children learn to play using the Suzuki Method. Teachers there say it can help even the tone-deaf to strike the right note. Suzuki students are not necessarily particularly gifted or exceptionally talented. The Suzuki Method uses an approach which combines music tuition with a philosophy of life. ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/euronews_learning_world__Hitting_the_right_note_in_music_school
Lisboa - Portugal - EuroNews - No Comment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 19 Oct 2007
- Uploaded: 16 Feb 2012
- Author: nocommenttv
Celebrations at European Union Summit
http://wn.com/Lisboa__Portugal__EuroNews__No_Comment
euronews science - New earth-like planet discovered
www.euronews.net Scientists have confirmed the discovery of a new planet similar to earth. According to NASA, Kepler 22-b lies 600 light years away and is roughly 2.5 times the size of earth, with an average temperature of 22C.
http://wn.com/euronews_science__New_earth-like_planet_discovered
euronews learning world - "Art and Education"
Welcome to Learning World - Euronews' new programme dedicated to education. Art is of course vital to education opening up a rich world of creativity that can touch all aspects of learning. It's a form of expression that plays an undeniable role in our ability to develop, learn and grow. In this week's programme we'll be looking at the different ways that art affects people's experience of learning. We begin in Finland - a country that consistently scores top marks for its education system. This success is often put down to Finns' ability to think outside the box - and the Design Factory in Helsinki is no exception.
http://wn.com/euronews_learning_world__Art_and_Education
euronews I talk - Italk - Your questions answered by José Manuel Barroso
The president of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, has answered questions put to him by citizens online.
http://wn.com/euronews_I_talk__Italk__Your_questions_answered_by_José_Manuel_Barroso
euronews correspondent on Egypt's violence
Carlos Rayón, euronews HQ, Lyon: 'We are joined by Luis Carballo, our special correspondent, from Cairo. Luis you are at Tahrir Square where we've seen violent clashes between pro- and anti-Mubarak demonstrators.' Luis Carballo, euronews, Cairo: ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/euronews_correspondent_on_Egypt's_violence
euronews science - Mobile phone cancer connection
www.euronews.net There are 5 billion mobile phones in the world. Many people, especially the young, use mobile phones without taking into account the alleged potential health risks involved. But since last May the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been giving clear warnings about a possible causal relationship between mobile phone use and a malignant type of brain cancer: the glioma.
http://wn.com/euronews_science__Mobile_phone_cancer_connection
euronews learning world - Taking the gap
Taking a year's break from education before going to university is an increasingly popular choice for many young people. The gap year is both a test of independence and a chance to experience other cultures. Australia, with its wild, natural beauty and plentiful work opportunities is a favoured destination. ... www.euronews.net
http://wn.com/euronews_learning_world__Taking_the_gap
Vote crucial for Greece and Europe
www.euronews.net Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou faces a knife-edge vote of confidence today. It comes after his announcement to hold a referendum on the bailout plan for both Greece and the euro zone, stunned world leaders on Monday. That plan appears to have back-fired with calls for him to stand down and defections from his party to the extent that he is now in danger of losing the vote if just two of his deputies rebel. He had earlier agreed to drop the idea of a referendum if he could secure opposition support for the European bailout plan.
http://wn.com/Vote_crucial_for_Greece_and_Europe
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| name | Euronews |
|---|---|
| logofile | Euronews logo.svg |
| logosize | 200px |
| logoalt | Euronews logo |
| country | European Union |
| launch | 1 January 1993 |
| slogan | Pure |
| owner | SOCEMIE |
| headquarters | 60, chemin des Mouilles 69130 Lyon-Écully, France |
| picture format | 16:9 (576i, SDTV) |
| web | Official website |
| terr serv 1 | Europe |
| terr chan 1 | limited retransmission |
| terr serv 2 | Washington, D.C., United States |
| terr chan 2 | WNTV 30.10 (ATSC) |
| sat serv 1 | Sky (United Kingdom and Ireland) |
| sat chan 1 | Channel 508 |
| sat serv 2 | Cyfra+ (Poland) |
| sat chan 2 | Channel 85 or 745 |
| sat serv 3 | Cyfrowy Polsat (Poland) |
| sat chan 3 | Channel 181 |
| sat serv 4 | Astra 1M |
| sat chan 4 | 11.817 GHz V / 27.5 |
| sat chan 5 | 12.226 GHz H / 27.5 |
| sat serv 6 | Eurobird 1 |
| sat chan 6 | 11.681 GHz V / 27.5 |
| sat serv 7 | Hot Bird 6 |
| sat chan 7 | 11.034 GHz V / 27.5 & 12.597 GHz V / 27.5 |
| sat serv 8 | Asiasat 2 |
| sat chan 8 | 3.960 GHz H / 27.5 |
| sat serv 9 | DStv (South Africa) |
| sat chan 9 | Channel 404 |
| sat serv 10 | Digiturk (Turkey) |
| sat chan 10 | Channel 123 |
| sat serv 11 | Dish Network (United States) |
| sat chan 11 | Channel 901 |
| sat serv 12 | SKY Italia (Italy) |
| sat chan 12 | Channel 508 |
| sat serv 13 | Dolce (Romania) |
| sat chan 13 | Channel 254 |
| sat serv 14 | TV Vlaanderen Digitaal |
| sat chan 14 | Channel 53 |
| sat serv 15 | Orbit Showtime |
| sat serv 16 | freesat (United Kingdom) |
| sat chan 16 | Channel 204 |
| sat serv 17 | UBI World TV (Australia and New Zealand) |
| sat chan 17 | Channel 4 |
| sat serv 18 | Digital+ (Spain) |
| sat chan 18 | Channel 142 |
| sat serv 19 | NTV Plus |
| sat serv 20 | Galaxy 23 (North America, C-band free to air) |
| sat chan 20 | 3.781 GHz V / 29.270 |
| sat serv 21 | Meo (Portugal) |
| sat chan 21 | Channel 200 |
| sat serv 22 | ZON TV Cabo (Portugal) |
| sat chan 22 | Channel 203 |
| sat serv 23 | Indovision (Indonesia) |
| sat chan 23 | Channel 334 |
| sat serv 24 | Saorsat (Ireland) |
| sat chan 24 | TBD |
| cable serv 1 | Virgin Media (United Kingdom) |
| cable chan 1 | Channel 620 |
| cable serv 2 | UPC Ireland (Ireland) |
| cable chan 2 | Channel 203 (EN)Channel 831-836 (FR-RU) |
| cable serv 3 | Cablevision (United States) |
| cable chan 3 | Channel 103 |
| cable serv 4 | Vidéotron (Canada) |
| cable chan 4 | Channel 172 (French) |
| cable serv 5 | Rogers Cable (Canada) |
| cable chan 5 | Channel 193 |
| cable serv 6 | Com Hem (Sweden) |
| cable chan 6 | Channel 123 |
| cable serv 7 | RCS&RDS; (Romania) |
| cable chan 7 | Channel 47 |
| cable serv 8 | UPC Romania (Romania) |
| cable chan 8 | Channel 421 (digital with DVR)Channel 141 (digital) |
| cable serv 9 | MC Cable (Monaco) |
| cable chan 9 | Channel |
| cable serv 10 | KDG (Germany) |
| cable chan 10 | Channel 554(DE), 827(RU), 837 (FR; only upgraded networks), 848 (UK; only upgraded networks), 869(IT), 873(ES), 882(POR) |
| cable serv 11 | Ziggo (Netherlands) |
| cable chan 11 | Channel 502 |
| cable serv 12 | KTV Šibenik (Croatia) |
| cable chan 12 | Channel 15 |
| cable serv 13 | Naxoo (Switzerland) |
| cable chan 13 | Channel 66 |
| cable serv 14 | SkyCable (Philippines) |
| cable chan 14 | Channel 155 |
| cable serv 15 | Cablecom (Switzerland) |
| cable chan 15 | Channel 046 (digital CH-D) |
| cable serv 16 | UPC Netherlands (Netherlands) |
| cable chan 16 | Channel 402 (digital television) |
| cable serv 17 | ZON TV Cabo (Portugal) |
| cable chan 17 | Channel 203 |
| cable serv 18 | Euskaltel (Basque Country, Spain) |
| cable chan 18 | Channel 29 |
| cable serv 19 | UPC Poland |
| cable chan 19 | Channel 342 |
| cable serv 20 | Cablelink (Philippines) |
| cable chan 20 | Channel 104 |
| adsl serv 1 | Fetch TV (Australia) |
| adsl serv 2 | TELUS TV (Canada) |
| adsl chan 2 | Channel 104 (English) Channel 433 (French) |
| adsl serv 3 | TrueIPTV (Thailand) |
| adsl chan 3 | Channel 13 |
| adsl serv 4 | World On Demand (Japan) |
| adsl chan 4 | English, Channel 110 French, Channel 111 |
| adsl serv 5 | Now TV (Hong Kong) |
| adsl chan 5 | Channel 326 |
| adsl serv 6 | mio TV (Singapore) |
| adsl chan 6 | Channel 44 |
| adsl serv 7 | Meo (Portugal) |
| adsl chan 7 | Channel 201 |
| adsl serv 8 | Hypp.TV (Malaysia) |
| adsl chan 8 | Channel 2006 |
| adsl serv 9 | MAXtv (Croatia) |
| adsl chan 9 | Channel 702 |
| adsl serv 10 | NexTV-America (United States, Canada) |
| adsl serv 11 | UniFi (Maylasia) |
| adsl chan 11 | Channel 123 |
| adsl serv 12 | CHT MOD (Taiwan) |
| adsl chan 12 | Channel 219 |
| adsl serv 13 | KT QOOK TV (South Korea) |
| adsl chan 13 | Channel 28 |
| online serv 1 | Livestation |
| online chan 1 | http://www.livestation.com/channels/1 (free, 502 Kbit/s, available in English, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Turkish, Russian, Arabic) [not available in Canada and United States] |
| online serv 2 | Real SuperPass |
| online chan 2 | Watch |
| online serv 3 | Official website |
| online chan 3 | http://euronews.net/news/streaming-live/ (free, flash streaming, available in English, French, Persian, Ukrainian) [Ukrainian is available worldwide; English and French are not available in Canada and the United States] }} |
Euronews is an international multilingual news television channel launched on January 1, 1993 in Lyon. It covers world news from a European perspective, and is available in eleven language services (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Russian, Arabic, Persian).
It claims to be available in 350 million households in 155 countries worldwide. The channel is watched by 14.1 million viewers each month, making it the second most watched news channel in Europe (after Sky News).
On 4 June 2008, the channel redesigned its logo, on-air presentation and website. On 11 January 2011, it redesigned its on-air identity and website.
Content
As a rolling-news channel, headlines from both Europe as well as the world are broadcast in thirty-minute intervals. Brief magazine articles typically fill in the remaining schedule, which focus on market data, financial news, sports news, art and culture, science, weather, European politics and press reviews of the major European newspapers. These item slots will occasionally be displaced for breaking news or live coverages. Some items are displayed without commentary under the banner "No Comment", which is channel's signature program since it's launch.Because of close relationship between the channel and European Commission the channel is sometimes accused of propaganda of European Union, carrying almost no stories unfavorable to the EU.
In 2011 euronews goes a step forward by sending more reporters at the heart of the action, providing a competitive coverage of major events and giving a more human face to the channel.
History and organisation
General
Following the First Persian Gulf War, during which CNN's position as the main source of information was cemented, the European Broadcasting Union decided to establish the channel in 1992 to present information from a European perspective. It was first broadcast on 1 January 1993 from Lyon, with an additional broadcast centre set up in London in 1996. It was originally founded by a group of eleven European public broadcasters: CYBC ERT France Télévisions RAI RTBF RTP RTÉ RTVE ''(former shareholder)'' TMC''(former shareholder)'' YLE BHRT''(former shareholder)''
In 1997, the British news broadcaster ITN bought 49 percent share of Euronews for £5.1 million from Alcatel-Alsthom. ITN supplies the content of the channel along with the remaining shareholders, which are represented by the SOCEMIE (Société Editrice de la Chaîne Européenne Multilingue d'Information EuroNews) consortium. SOCEMIE is the actual operating company which produces the channel and holds the broadcasting licence. It is co-owned by the 8 founders and: RTR TRT ČT PBS SNRT ERTU RTVSLO NTU SRG-SSR TVR SVT - MTG ERTT ENTV
The broadcast switched from solely analogue to mainly digital transmission in 1999. In the same year, the Portuguese audio track was added. The Russian audio track appeared in 2001.
In 2003, ITN sold its stake in Euronews as part of its drive to streamline operations and focus on newsgathering rather than channel management.
On 6 February 2006, Ukrainian public broadcaster Natsionalna Telekompanya Ukraïny (NTU) purchased a one percent interest in SOCEMIE.
On 27 May 2008, Spanish public broadcaster RTVE decided to leave Euronews to promote its international channel TVE Internacional. It also cited legal requirements to maintain low debt levels through careful spending as a factor influencing its decision to leave.
In February 2009, the Turkish public broadcaster TRT became a shareholder in the channel, and joined its supervisory board. TRT purchased 15.70% of the channel's shares and became the fourth main partner after France Télévisions (23.93%), RAI (21.54%), and RTR (15.98%).
Language History
Format
Since January 11, 2011, the channel is broadcast in the 16:9 format, which replaced the previous 4:3 format.
Presentation
The channel employs an unusual presentation style: initially, rather than using in-vision presenters, it only showed video footage with recorded voice overs. This aims to prevent bias. In 2011, however, extended news items have featured in-vision reporters, including occasional pieces to camera.Euronews has a distinct and unique presentation model in a highly competitive news universe:
The principal sources of footage come from APTN (Associated Press Television News) and Reuters TV, these being the partner agencies of the European Broadcasting Union. It also draws upon resources from Agence France-Presse, Italian ANSA, Portuguese LUSA, German DPA, Spanish EFE and Russian TASS.
Broadcast
The channel is available in 350 million households in 155 countries worldwide. It reaches more than 170 million European households by cable, satellite and terrestrial. It has also begun to secure availability on multimedia platforms such as IPTV and digital media.Euronews has launched an application for mobile devices (Android, iPhone, and iPad) which is called "euronews live". The app is free of charge and is available on Android Market and App Store.
The following countries also broadcast ''Euronews'' through terrestrial channels:
The channel's programmes are also available by podcast, and it has also maintained a YouTube channel since October 2007.
Programmes
Programmes on the channel include: NewsSport & météo
Business
Affaires européennes
Style de vie
Sci-tech
See also
References
External links
Category:24-hour television news channels in France Category:Companies based in Lyon Category:Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom Category:Arabic-language television stations Category:English-language television stations Category:External services (broadcasting) Category:French-language television stations Category:German-language television stations Category:Italian-language television stations Category:Multilingual news services Category:Multilingual broadcasters Category:Pan-European media companies Category:Persian-language television stations Category:Portuguese-language television stations Category:Publicly funded broadcasters Category:Russian-language television stations Category:Spanish-language television stations Category:Turkish-language television stations Category:Television channels and stations established in 1993 Category:Television stations in France
ar:يورونيوز ast:Euronews az:Euronews ca:Euronews cs:EuroNews cy:Euronews da:EuroNews de:Euronews es:Euronews eo:EuroNews eu:Euronews fa:یورونیوز fr:Euronews gl:Euronews ko:유로뉴스 hr:Euronews id:Euronews it:Euronews hu:Euronews mg:Euronews ms:Euronews nl:Euronews ja:ユーロニュース pl:Euronews pt:Euronews ro:EuroNews ru:Euronews sr:Јуроњуз fi:EuroNews sv:EuroNews tt:Euronews tr:Euronews uk:Euronews zh:欧洲新闻台This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Context | north |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 김정일 |
| Hanja | |
| Rr | Gim Jeong(-)il |
| Mr | Kim Chŏngil }} |
Childhood
Birth
Soviet records show that Kim Jong-il was born in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, in 1941, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife.Kim Jong-il's official biography states that he was born in a secret military camp on Baekdu Mountain in Japanese Korea on 16 February 1942. Official biographers claim that his birth at Baekdu Mountain was foretold by a swallow, and heralded by the appearance of a double rainbow over the mountain and a new star in the heavens.
In 1945, Kim was three or four years old (depending on his birth year) when World War II ended and Korea regained independence from Japan. His father returned to Pyongyang that September, and in late November Kim returned to Korea via a Soviet ship, landing at Sonbong (선봉군, also Unggi). The family moved into a former Japanese officer's mansion in Pyongyang, with a garden and pool. Kim Jong-il's brother, "Shura" Kim (the first Kim Jong-il, but known by his Russian nickname), drowned there in 1948. Unconfirmed reports suggest that 5 year old Kim Jong-il might have caused the accident. In 1949, his mother died in childbirth. Unconfirmed reports suggest that his mother might have been shot and left to bleed to death.
Education
According to his official biography, Kim completed the course of general education between September 1950 and August 1960. He attended Primary School No. 4 and Middle School No. 1 (Namsan Higher Middle School) in Pyongyang This is contested by foreign academics, who believe he is more likely to have received his early education in the People's Republic of China as a precaution to ensure his safety during the Korean War.Throughout his schooling, Kim was involved in politics. He was active in the Children's Union and the Democratic Youth League (DYL), taking part in study groups of Marxist political theory and other literature. In September 1957 he became vice-chairman of his middle school's DYL branch. He pursued a programme of anti-factionalism and attempted to encourage greater ideological education among his classmates.
Kim is also said to have received English language education at the University of Malta in the early 1970s, on his infrequent holidays in Malta as guest of Prime Minister Dom Mintoff.
The elder Kim had meanwhile remarried and had another son, Kim Pyong-il (named after Kim Jong-il's drowned brother). Since 1988, Kim Pyong-il has served in a series of North Korean embassies in Europe and is currently the North Korean ambassador to Poland. Foreign commentators suspect that Kim Pyong-il was sent to these distant posts by his father in order to avoid a power struggle between his two sons.
Presidium member and party secretary (1980–1994)
By the time of the Sixth Party Congress in October 1980, Kim Jong-il's control of the Party operation was complete. He was given senior posts in the Politburo, the Military Commission and the party Secretariat. When he was made a member of the Seventh Supreme People's Assembly in February 1982, international observers deemed him the heir apparent of North Korea.At this time Kim assumed the title "Dear Leader" (친애하는 지도자, ''chinaehaneun jidoja'') the government began building a personality cult around him patterned after that of his father, the "Great Leader". Kim Jong-il was regularly hailed by the media as the "fearless leader" and "the great successor to the revolutionary cause". He emerged as the most powerful figure behind his father in North Korea.
On 24 December 1991, Kim was also named supreme commander of the North Korean armed forces. Since the Army is the real foundation of power in North Korea, this was a vital step. Defense Minister Oh Jin-wu, one of Kim Il-sung's most loyal subordinates, engineered Kim Jong-il's acceptance by the Army as the next leader of North Korea, despite his lack of military service. The only other possible leadership candidate, Prime Minister Kim Il (no relation), was removed from his posts in 1976. In 1992, Kim Il-sung publicly stated that his son was in charge of all internal affairs in the Democratic People's Republic.
In 1992, radio broadcasts started referring to him as the "Dear Father", instead of the "Dear Leader", suggesting a promotion. His 50th birthday in February was the occasion for massive celebrations, exceeded only by those for the 80th birthday of Kim Il Sung himself on 15 April.
According to defector Hwang Jang-yop, the North Korean goverment system became even more centralized and autocratic during the 1980s and 1990s under Kim Jong-il than it had been under his father. In one example explained by Hwang, although Kim Il-sung required his ministers to be loyal to him, he nonetheless and frequently sought their advice during decision-making. In contrast, Kim Jong-il demands absolute obedience and agreement from his ministers and party officals with no advice or compromise, and he views any slight deviation from his thinking as a sign of disloyalty. According to Hwang, Kim Jong-il personally directs even minor details of state affairs, such as the size of houses for party secretaries and the delivery of gifts to his subordinates.
By the 1980s, North Korea began to experience severe economic stagnation. Kim Il-sung's policy of ''juche'' (self-reliance) cut the country off from almost all external trade, even with its traditional partners, the Soviet Union and China.
South Korea accused Kim of ordering the 1983 bombing in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), which killed 17 visiting South Korean officials, including four cabinet members, and another in 1987 which killed all 115 on board Korean Air Flight 858. A North Korean agent, Kim Hyon Hui, confessed to planting a bomb in the case of the second, saying the operation was ordered by Kim Jong-il personally.
In 1992, Kim Jong-il's voice was broadcast within North Korea for the first time during a military parade for the KPA's 60th year anniversary in Pyongyang's then Central Square (Kim Il-sung Square at present), in which Kim Il-sung attended with Kim Jong-il by his side. After Kim Il-sung's speech, his son approached the microphone at the grandstand and simply said: "Glory to the heroic soldiers of the Korean People's Army!" Everyone in the audience clapped and the parade participants at the square grounds (which included veteran soldiers and officers of the KPA) shouted "ten thousand years" three times after that.
Ruler of North Korea
On 8 July 1994, Kim Il-sung died, at the age of 82 from a heart attack. However, it took three years for Kim Jong-il to consolidate his power. He officially took the titles of General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and chairman of the National Defense Commission on 8 October 1997. In 1998, his Defense Commission chairmanship was declared to be "the highest post of the state", so Kim may be regarded as North Korea's head of state from that date. Also in 1998, the Supreme People's Assembly wrote the president's post out of the constitution in memory of Kim Il-Sung, who was designated the country's "Eternal President". It can be argued, though, that he became the country's leader when he became leader of the Workers' Party; in most Communist countries the party leader is the most powerful person in the country.Officially, Kim is part of a triumvirate heading the executive branch of the North Korean government along with Premier Choe Yong-rim and parliament chairman Kim Yong-nam (no relations). Each nominally has powers equivalent to a third of a president's powers in most other presidential systems. Kim Jong-il is commander of the armed forces, Choe Yong-rim heads the government and Kim Yong-nam handles foreign relations. In practice, however, Kim Jong-il exercises absolute control over the government and the country.
Although Kim is not required to stand for popular election to his key offices, he is unanimously elected to the Supreme People's Assembly every five years, representing a military constituency, due to his concurrent capacities as KPA Supreme Commander and Chairman of the DPRK NDC.
Economic policies
The state-controlled economy of North Korea struggled throughout the 1990s, primarily due to the loss of strategic trade arrangements with the Soviet Union and strained relations with China following China's normalization with South Korea in 1992. In addition, North Korea experienced record-breaking floods (1995 and 1996) followed by several years of equally severe drought beginning in 1997. This, compounded with only 18% arable land and an inability to import the goods necessary to sustain industry, led to an immense famine and left North Korea in economic shambles. Faced with a country in decay, Kim adopted a "Military-First" policy (선군정치, Sŏn'gun chŏngch'i) to strengthen the country and reinforce the regime. On the national scale, this policy has produced a positive growth rate for the country since 1996, and the implementation of "landmark socialist-type market economic practices" in 2002 kept the North afloat despite a continued dependency on foreign aid for food.In the wake of the devastation of the 1990s, the government began formally approving some activity of small-scale bartering and trade. As observed by Daniel Sneider, associate director for research at the Stanford University Asia-Pacific Research Center, this flirtation with capitalism is "fairly limited, but — especially compared to the past — there are now remarkable markets that create the semblance of a free market system." In 2002, Kim Jong-il declared that "money should be capable of measuring the worth of all commodities." These gestures toward economic reform mirror similar actions taken by China's Deng Xiaoping in the late 1980s and early 90s. During a rare visit in 2006, Kim expressed admiration for China's rapid economic progress.
Foreign relations
In 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung implemented the "Sunshine Policy" to improve North-South relations and to allow South Korean companies to start projects in the North. Kim Jong-il announced plans to import and develop new technologies to develop North Korea's fledgling software industry. As a result of the new policy, the Kaesong Industrial Park was constructed in 2003 just north of the de-militarized zone, with the planned participation of 250 South Korean companies, employing 100,000 North Koreans, by 2007. However, by March 2007, the Park contained only 21 companies — employing 12,000 North Korean workers. As of May 2010 the park employs over 40,000 North Korean workers.In 1994, North Korea and the United States signed an Agreed Framework which was designed to freeze and eventually dismantle the North's nuclear weapons program in exchange for aid in producing two power-generating nuclear reactors. In 2002, Kim Jong-il's government admitted to having produced nuclear weapons since the 1994 agreement. Kim's regime argued the secret production was necessary for security purposes — citing the presence of United States-owned nuclear weapons in South Korea and the new tensions with the US under President George W. Bush. On 9 October 2006, North Korea's Korean Central News Agency announced that it had successfully conducted an underground nuclear test.
2008 health and waning power rumors
In an August 2008 issue of the Japanese newsweekly Shukan Gendai, Waseda University professor Toshimitsu Shigemura, an authority on the Korean Peninsula, claimed that Kim Jong-il died of diabetes in late 2003 and had been replaced in public appearances by one or more stand-ins previously employed to protect him from assassination attempts. In a subsequent best-selling book, ''The True Character of Kim Jong-il'', Shigemura cited apparently un-named people close to Kim's family along with Japanese and South Korean intelligence sources, claiming they confirmed Kim's diabetes took a turn for the worse early in 2000 and from then until his supposed death three and a half years later he was using a wheelchair. Shigemura moreover claimed a voiceprint analysis of Kim speaking in 2004 did not match a known earlier recording. It was also noted that Kim Jong-il did not appear in public for the Olympic torch relay in Pyongyang on 28 April 2008. The question had reportedly "baffled foreign intelligence agencies for years."On 9 September 2008, various sources reported that after he did not show up that day for a military parade celebrating North Korea's 60th anniversary, US intelligence agencies believed Kim might be "gravely ill" after having suffered a stroke. He had last been seen in public a month earlier. A former CIA official said earlier reports of a health crisis were likely to be accurate. North Korean media remained silent on the issue. An Associated Press report said analysts believed Kim had been supporting moderates in the foreign ministry, while North Korea's powerful military was against so-called "Six-Party" negotiations with China, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the United States aimed towards ridding North Korea of nuclear weapons. Some US officials noted that soon after rumours about Kim's health were publicized a month before, North Korea had taken a "tougher line in nuclear negotiations." In late August North Korea's official news agency reported the government would "consider soon a step to restore the nuclear facilities in Yongbyon to their original state as strongly requested by its relevant institutions." Analysts said this meant "the military may have taken the upper hand and that Kim might no longer be wielding absolute authority."
By 10 September there were conflicting reports. Unidentified South Korean government officials said Kim had undergone surgery after suffering a minor stroke and had apparently "intended to attend 9 September event in the afternoon but decided not to because of the aftermath of the surgery." High ranking North Korean official Kim Yong-nam said, "While we wanted to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the country with General Secretary Kim Jong-Il, we celebrated on our own." Song Il-Ho, North Korea's ambassador said, "We see such reports as not only worthless, but rather as a conspiracy plot." Seoul's ''Chosun Ilbo'' newspaper reported that "the South Korean embassy in Beijing had received an intelligence report that Kim collapsed on 22 August." The ''New York Times'' reported Kim was "very ill and most likely suffered a stroke a few weeks ago, but US intelligence authorities do not think his death is imminent." The BBC noted that the North Korean government denied these reports, stating that Kim's health problems were "not serious enough to threaten his life," although they did confirm that he had suffered from a stroke on 15 August.
Japan's Kyodo news agency reported on 14 September that "Kim collapsed on 14 August due to stroke or a cerebral hemorrhage, and that Beijing dispatched five military doctors at the request of Pyongyang. Kim will require a long period of rest and rehabilitation before he fully recovers and has complete command of his limbs again, as with typical stroke victims." Japan's Mainichi Shimbun said Kim occasionally lost consciousness since April. Japan's ''Tokyo Shimbun'' on 15 September added that Kim was staying at the Bongwha State Guest House. He was apparently conscious "but he needs some time to recuperate from the recent stroke, with some parts of his hands and feet paralyzed". It cited Chinese sources which claimed that one cause for the stroke could have been stress brought about by the US delay to remove North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism.
On 19 October, North Korea reportedly ordered its diplomats to stay near their embassies to await “an important message”, according to Japan's Yomiuri Shimbun, setting off renewed speculation about the health of the ailing leader.
By 29 October 2008, reports stated Kim suffered a serious setback and had been taken back to hospital. The New York Times reported that Taro Aso, on 28 October 2008, stated in a parliamentary session that Kim had been hospitalized: "His condition is not so good. However, I don't think he is totally incapable of making decisions." Aso further said a French neurosurgeon was aboard a plane for Beijing, en route to North Korea. Further, Kim Sung-ho, director of South Korea's National Intelligence Service, told lawmakers in a closed parliamentary session in Seoul that "Kim appeared to be recovering quickly enough to start performing his daily duties." The Dong-a Ilbo newspaper reported "a serious problem" with Kim's health. Japan's Fuji Television Network reported that Kim's eldest son, Kim Jong Nam, traveled to Paris to hire a neurosurgeon for his father, and showed footage where the surgeon boarded flight CA121 bound for Pyongyang from Beijing on 24 October. The French weekly ''Le Point'' identified him as Francois-Xavier Roux, neurosurgery director of Paris' Sainte-Anne Hospital, but Roux himself stated he was in Beijing for several days and not North Korea.
On 5 November 2008, the North's Korean Central News Agency published 2 photos showing Kim posing with dozens of Korean People's Army (KPA) soldiers on a visit to military Unit 2200 and sub-unit of Unit 534. Shown with his usual bouffant hairstyle, with his trademark sunglasses and a white winter parka, Kim stood in front of trees with autumn foliage and a red-and-white banner. ''The Times'' questioned the authenticity of at least one of these photos.
In November 2008, Japan's TBS TV network reported that Kim had suffered a second stroke in October, which "affected the movement of his left arm and leg and also his ability to speak." However, South Korea's intelligence agency rejected this report.
In response to the rumors regarding Kim's health and supposed loss of power, in April 2009, North Korea released a video showing Kim visiting factories and other places around the country between November and December 2008. In July 2009, it was reported that Kim may be suffering from pancreatic cancer.
In 2010, documents released by Wikileaks stated that Kim suffers from epilepsy.
Successor
Kim's three sons and his son-in-law, along with O Kuk-ryol, an army general, have been noted as possible successors, but the North Korean government has been wholly silent on this matter. Kim Yong Hyun, a political expert at the Institute for North Korean Studies at Seoul's Dongguk University, has said, "Even the North Korean establishment would not advocate a continuation of the family dynasty at this point." Kim's eldest son Kim Jong-nam was earlier believed to be the designated heir but he appears to have fallen out of favor after being arrested at Narita International Airport near Tokyo in 2001 while traveling on a forged passport.On 2 June 2009, it was reported that Kim Jong Il's youngest son, Jong Un, was to be North Korea's next leader. Like his father and grandfather, he has also been given an official sobriquet, The Brilliant Comrade. It has been reported that Kim Jong Il is expected to officially designate the son as his successor in 2012. However, there are reports that if leadership passes to one of the sons, Kim Jong Il's brother-in-law, Chang Sung-taek, could attempt to take power from him.
Re-election as DPRK leader
On 9 April 2009, Kim was re-elected as chairman of the DPRK National Defence Commission, and made an appearance at the Supreme People's Assembly. This was the first time Kim was seen in public since August 2008. He was unanimously re-elected and given a standing ovation.
2009 imprisonment and pardoning of American journalists
In March 2009, the North Korean military detained two American journalists, Euna Lee and Laura Ling, who were working for the US independent cable television network Current TV, after they allegedly crossed into North Korea from the People's Republic of China without a visa. The two reporters were found guilty of illegal entry and subsequently sentenced to twelve years of hard labor. Reporters Without Borders characterized the trial and sentencing as a "sham trial", and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton initially stated that the charges against the journalists were "baseless".On 4 August 2009, former US President Bill Clinton met with Kim Jong-il during a "solely private mission to secure the release of Euna Lee and Laura Ling." According to the KCNA, Clinton conveyed a verbal message to Kim from President Barack Obama, a claim denied by the Obama administration. Clinton and Kim had "an exhaustive conversation" that included "a wide-ranging exchange of views on the matters of common concern," KCNA reported. KCNA also reported that the National Defence Commission of North Korea, of which the Dear Leader is the Chairman, hosted a dinner in honor of Clinton, but did not go into detail about what was discussed at the reception. In the early morning hours (UTC+9) of 5 August, KCNA announced that Kim Jong-il had issued a pardon to Lee and Ling.
2010 and 2011 foreign visits
Kim was reported to have visited the People's Republic of China in May 2010. He entered the country by his personal train on 3 May, and stayed in a hotel in Dalian. Kim travelled to China again in August 2010, this time with his son, fueling speculation that he is ready to hand over power to son Kim Jong-un. He returned to China again in May 2011, marking the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and the DPRK. In late August 2011, he travelled by train to the Russian Far East to meet with President Dmitri Medvedev for unspecified talks.
Cult of personality
Kim Jong-il is the centre of an elaborate personality cult inherited from his father and founder of the DPRK, Kim Il-sung. Defectors have been quoted as saying that North Korean schools deify both father and son. He is often the centre of attention throughout ordinary life in the DPRK. On his 60th birthday (based on his official date of birth), mass celebrations occurred throughout the country on the occasion of his Hwangap. Many North Koreans believe that he has the "magical" ability to "control the weather" based on his mood. In 2010, the North Korean media reported that Kim's distinctive clothing had set worldwide fashion trends.One point of view is that Kim Jong Il's cult of personality is solely out of respect for Kim Il-sung or out of fear of punishment for failure to pay homage. Media and government sources from outside of North Korea generally support this view, while North Korean government sources say that it is genuine hero worship. The song "No Motherland Without You", sung by the KPA State Merited Choir, was created especially for Kim in 1992 and is frequently broadcasted on the radio and from loudspeakers on the streets of Pyongyang.
Personal life
Family
There is no official information available about Kim Jong-il's marital history, but he is believed to have been officially married once and to have had three mistresses. He has four known children:Kim's first wife, Kim Young-sook, was the daughter of a high-ranking military official. His father Kim Il-Sung handpicked her to marry his son. They had one son, Kim Jong-nam (born 1971) who is Kim Jong-il's eldest son.
His second mistress, Ko Young-hee, was a Japanese-born ethnic Korean and a dancer. She had taken over the role of First Lady until her death — reportedly of cancer — in 2004. They had two sons, Kim Jong-chul, in 1981, and Kim Jong-un (also "Jong Woon" or "Jong Woong"), in 1983.
Since Ko's death, Kim has been living with Kim Ok, his third mistress, who had served as his personal secretary since the 1980s. She "virtually acts as North Korea's first lady" and frequently accompanies Kim on his visits to military bases and in meetings with visiting foreign dignitaries. She traveled with Kim Jong Il on a secretive trip to China in January 2006, where she was received by Chinese officials as Kim's wife.
Kim Jong-il is also reported to have a younger sister, Kim Kyong-Hui (김경희).
Personality
Like his father, Kim has a fear of flying, and has always traveled by private armored train for state visits to Russia and China. The BBC reported that Konstantin Pulikovsky, a Russian emissary who traveled with Kim across Russia by train, told reporters that Kim had live lobsters air-lifted to the train every day.Kim is said to be a huge film fan, owning a collection of more than 20,000 video tapes and DVDs. His reported favorite movie franchises include ''Friday the 13th'', ''Rambo'', ''Godzilla'', and Hong Kong action cinema, and any movie starring Elizabeth Taylor. He is the author of the book ''On the Art of the Cinema''. In 1978, on Kim's orders, South Korean film director Shin Sang-ok and his actress wife Choi Eun-hee were kidnapped in order to build a North Korean film industry. In 2006 he was involved in the production of the Juche-based movie ''Diary of a Girl Student'' – depicting the life of a girl whose parents are scientists – with a KCNA news report stating that Kim "improved its script and guided its production".
Although Kim enjoys many foreign forms of entertainment, according to former bodyguard Lee Young Kuk, he refused to consume any food or drink not produced in North Korea, with the exception of wine from France. His former sushi chef Kenji Fujimoto, however, has stated that Kim has sometimes sent him around the world to purchase a variety of foreign delicacies.
Kim reportedly also enjoys basketball. Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright ended her summit with Kim by presenting him with a basketball signed by NBA legend Michael Jordan. Also an apparent golfer, North Korean state media reports that Kim routinely shoots three or four holes-in-one per round. His official biography also claims Kim has composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Kim also refers to himself as an Internet expert.
US Special Envoy for the Korean Peace Talks, Charles Kartman, who was involved in the 2000 Madeleine Albright summit with Kim, characterised Kim Jong-il as a reasonable man in negotiations, to the point, but with a sense of humor and personally attentive to the people he was hosting. However, psychological evaluations conclude that Kim Jong-il's antisocial features, such as his fearlessness in the face of sanctions and punishment, serve to make negotiations extraordinarily difficult.
The field of psychology has long been fascinated with the personality assessment of dictators, a notion that resulted in an extensive personality evaluation of Kim Jong-il. The report, compiled by Frederick L. Coolidge and Daniel L. Segal (with the assistance of a South Korean psychiatrist considered an expert on Kim Jong-il's behavior), concluded that the “big six” group of personality disorders shared by dictators Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein (sadistic, paranoid, antisocial, narcissistic, schizoid and schizotypal) were also shared by Kim Jong-il—coinciding primarily with the profile of Saddam Hussein. The evaluation also finds that Kim Jong-il appears to pride himself on North Korea's independence, despite the extreme hardships it appears to place on the North Korean people—an attribute appearing to emanate from his antisocial personality pattern. This notion also encourages other cognitive issues, such as self-deception, as subsidiary components to Kim Jong-il's personality. Many of the stories about Kim Jong Il's eccentricities and decadent life-style are exaggerated, possibly circulated by South Korean intelligence to discredit the Northern regime. Defectors claim that Kim has 17 different palaces and residences all over North Korea, including a private resort near Baekdu Mountain, a seaside lodge in the city of Wonsan, and a palace complex northeast of Pyongyang surrounded with multiple fence lines, bunkers and anti-aircraft batteries.
Finances
According to the ''Sunday Telegraph'', Kim has US$4 billion on deposit in European banks in case he ever needs to flee North Korea. The Sunday Telegraph reported that most of the money was in banks in Luxembourg.
Official titles
See also
Notes and references
Further reading
External links
– Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang DPR Korea (1998)
Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the University of Malta Category:Anti-Revisionists Category:Communist rulers Category:Current national leaders Category:Heads of state of North Korea Category:Leaders of political parties in North Korea Category:Members of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea Category:Military brats Category:North Korean billionaires Category:People from Khabarovsk Krai Category:People with epilepsy Category:Stroke survivors Category:Workers' Party of Korea politicians Category:Marxist theorists Category:Kim Il-sung family
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| Name | José Manuel Barroso |
|---|---|
| Office | President of the European Commission |
| Vicepresident | Margot WallströmCatherine Ashton |
| Term start | 22 November 2004 |
| Predecessor | Romano Prodi |
| Office2 | Prime Minister of Portugal Elections: 1999, 2002 |
| President2 | Jorge Sampaio |
| Term start2 | 6 April 2002 |
| Term end2 | 17 July 2004 |
| Predecessor2 | António Guterres |
| Successor2 | Pedro Santana Lopes |
| Birth date | March 23, 1956 |
| Birth place | Lisbon, Portugal |
| Profession | LawyerProfessor |
| Party | Social Democratic Party (1976–present) |
| Otherparty | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party (Before 1976) |
| Spouse | Maria Sousa Uva |
| Children | LuísGuilhermeFrancisco |
| Residence | Brussels, Belgium |
| Alma mater | University of LisbonEuropean University InstituteUniversity of Geneva |
| Signature | Barroso signature.svg |
| Website | Official website |
| Media gallery | Official Media Gallery }} |
Academic career
Durão Barroso (as he is known in Portugal) graduated in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon and has an MSc in Economic and Social Sciences from the University of Geneva (Institut Européen de l'Université de Genève) in Switzerland. His academic career continued as an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. He did research for a PhD at Georgetown University and Georgetown's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. but his CV does not list any doctoral degree (except honorary). He is a 1998 graduate of the Georgetown Leadership Seminar. Back in Lisbon, Barroso became Director of the Department for International Relations at Lusíada University (Universidade Lusíada). He received honorary degrees from many Universities listed under honorary degrees.
Early political career
Barroso's political activity began in his college days, before the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974. He was one of the leaders of the underground Maoist MRPP (Reorganising Movement of the Proletariat Party, later PCTP/MRPP, Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers/Revolutionary Movement of the Portuguese Proletariat). In an interview with the newspaper ''Expresso'', he said that he had joined MRPP to fight the only other student body movement, also underground, which was controlled by the Communist Party. Despite this justification there is a very famous political 1976 interview recorded by RTP in which he criticises the bourgeois education system which "throws students against workers and workers against students", showing clear left-wing and Maoist inclinations. In December 1980, Barroso joined the right-of-centre PPD (Democratic Popular Party, later PPD/PSD-Social Democratic Party), where he remains to the present day.
In 1985, under the PSD government of Aníbal Cavaco Silva (now President of Portugal), Barroso was named Under-Secretary of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs. In 1987 he became a member of the same government as he was elevated to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (answering to the Minister of Foreign Affairs), a post he was to hold for the next five years. In this capacity he was the driving force behind the Bicesse Accords of 1990, which led to a temporary armistice in the Angolan Civil War between the ruling MPLA and the opposition UNITA. He also supported independence for East Timor, a former Portuguese colony, then a province of Indonesia by force. In 1992, Barroso was promoted to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, and served in this capacity until the defeat of the PSD in the 1995 general election.
Prime Minister of Portugal
In opposition, Barroso was elected to the Assembly of the Republic in 1995 as a representative for Lisbon. There, he became chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee. In 1999 he was elected president of his political party, PSD, succeeding Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (a professor of law), and thus became Leader of the Opposition. Parliamentary elections in 2002 gave the PSD enough seats to form a coalition government with the right-wing Portuguese People's Party, and Barroso subsequently became Prime Minister of Portugal on 6 April 2002. As Prime Minister, facing a growing budget deficit, he made a number of difficult decisions and adopted strict reforms. He vowed to reduce public expenditure, which made him unpopular among leftists and public servants.. His purpose was to lower the public budget deficit to a 3% target (according to the demands of EU rules), and official data during the 2002–2004 period stated that the target was being attained. Barroso did not finish his term as he had been nominated as President of the European Commission on 5 July 2004. Barroso arranged with Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio to nominate Pedro Santana Lopes as a substitute Prime Minister of Portugal. Santana Lopes led the PSD/PP coalition for a few months until early 2005, when new elections were called. When the Portuguese Socialist Party won the elections it produced an estimation that by the end of the year the budget deficit would reach 6.1%, which it used to criticise Barroso's and Santana Lopes's economic policies.In 2003, Barroso hosted U.S President George W. Bush, British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar in the Portuguese island of Terceira, in the Azores. The four leaders finalised the controversial US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. Under Barroso's leadership, Portugal became part of the "coalition of the willing" for the invasion and occupation of Iraq, sending non-combat troops.
President of the European Commission
In 2004, the proposed European Constitution and now the Treaty of Lisbon included a provision that the choice of President must take into account the result of Parliamentary elections and the candidate supported by the victorious Europarty in particular. That provision was not in force in the nomination in 2004, but the centre-right European People's Party (EPP), who won the elections, pressured for a candidate from its own ranks. In the end, José Manuel Barroso, the EPP candidate, was chosen by the European Council.
On the same basis, the EPP again endorsed Barroso for a second term during the 2009 European election campaign and, after the EPP again won the elections, was able to secure his nomination by the European Council on 17 June 2009. On 3 September 2009, Barroso unveiled his manifesto for his second term. On 16 September 2009, Barroso was re-elected by the European Parliament for another five years. If he completes his second term he will become only the second Commission president to serve two terms, after Jacques Delors.
During his first presidency, the following important issues were on the Commission's agenda:
One of his first tasks since being re-elected was a visit to Ireland to persuade Irish citizens to approve the Treaty of Lisbon in the country's second referendum due to be held the following month. Barroso was greeted by Irish Minister for Defence Willie O'Dea and Peter Power, the Minister of State (with special responsibility for Overseas Development), as he got off his plane at Shannon Airport on the morning of 19 September 2009 before briefly meeting with the joint committee of the Oireachtas and meeting and greeting people at functions in Limerick's City Hall, University of Limerick (UL) and the Savoy Hotel. He told ''The Irish Times'' in an interview referenced internationally by Reuters that he had been asked if Ireland would split from the European Union. He also launched a €14.8 million grant for former workers at Dell's Limerick plant, described as "conveniently opportune" by former Member of the European Parliament and anti-Lisbonite Patricia McKenna.
Controversies
In 2005 ''Die Welt'' reported that Barroso had spent a week on the yacht of the Greek shipping billionaire Spiro Latsis. It emerged soon afterwards that this had occurred only a month before the Commission approved 10 million euros of Greek state aid for Latsis's shipping company – though the state aid decision had been taken by the previous European Commission before Barroso took up his post. In response to this revelation, Nigel Farage MEP of the UK Independence Party persuaded around 75 MEPs from across the political spectrum to back a motion of no confidence in Barroso, so as to compel him to appear before the European Parliament to be questioned on the matter. The motion was tabled on 12 May 2005, and Barroso appeared before Parliament as required at a debate on 26 May 2005. The motion itself was heavily defeated.In response to criticism for his choice of a less fuel efficient Volkswagen Touareg, amid EU legislation of targets drastically to reduce car emissions, Barroso dismissed this as "overzealous moralism".
In April 2008, amid sharp food price rises and mounting food vs fuel concerns, Barroso insisted that biofuel use was "not significant" in pushing up food prices. The following month, he announced a study that would look into the issue. The backdoor approval of the GE potato, by President Barroso, has met a wave of strong opposition from EU member-states. The governments of Greece, Austria, Luxembourg, Italy, Hungary and France have all publicly announced that they will not allow the GE potato to be grown in their countries.
Personal life
José Manuel Durão Barroso is the son of Luís António Saraiva Barroso and his wife Maria Elisabete de Freitas Durão. In 1980 he married Maria Margarida Pinto Ribeiro de Sousa Uva, with whom he has three sons: Luís (currently studying for a PhD in Law at the London School of Economics), Guilherme, and Francisco de Sousa Uva Durão Barroso.Apart from Portuguese, Barroso is fluent in French, speaks Spanish and English and has taken a course to acquire a basic knowledge of German.
Honours
Barroso holds of over twenty decorations, including .
Honorary Degrees
References
External links
Category:1956 births Category:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni Category:Living people Category:Maoism Category:People from Lisbon Category:Portuguese European Commissioners Category:Portuguese Roman Catholics Category:Presidents of the European Commission Category:Prime Ministers of Portugal Category:Portuguese Workers' Communist Party politicians Category:Social Democratic Party (Portugal) politicians Category:Portuguese foreign ministers Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class Category:University of Lisbon alumni
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euronews learning world - Hitting the right note in music school
Euronews
euronews learning world - Hitting the right note in music school
Music is a universal language. Singing, playing, listening, appreciating - all of it enriches young people, boosts their learning skills and deepens their understanding of history and culture. In Japan some children learn to play using the ...
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euronews science - New earth-like planet discovered
Euronews
euronews science - New earth-like planet discovered
www.euronews.net Scientists have confirmed the discovery of a new planet similar to earth. According to NASA, Kepler 22-b lies 600 light years away and is roughly 2.5 times the size of earth, with an average temperature of 22C....
7:57
euronews learning world - "Art and Education"
Euronews
euronews learning world - "Art and Education"
Welcome to Learning World - Euronews' new programme dedicated to education. Art is of course vital to education opening up a rich world of creativity that can touch all aspects of learning. It's a form of expression that plays an un...
3:04
euronews correspondent on Egypt's violence
Euronews
euronews correspondent on Egypt's violence
Carlos Rayón, euronews HQ, Lyon: 'We are joined by Luis Carballo, our special correspondent, from Cairo. Luis you are at Tahrir Square where we've seen violent clashes between pro- and anti-Mubarak demonstrators.' Luis Ca...
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