Capri

View of Capri from the sea
Geography
Location	Tyrrhenian Sea
Area	10.4 km2 (4.02 sq mi)
Highest elevation	589 m (1,932 ft)
Highest point	Monte Solaro
Country
Italy
Region	Campania
Province	Naples
Largest city	Capri (pop. 7,278)
Demographics
Population	12,200 (as of 2002)
Density	1,170 /km2 (3,030 /sq mi)

Capri (/kəˈpriː/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈkaːpri]) is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The main town on the island shares the name. It has been a resort since the time of the Roman Republic.

Features of the island are the Marina Piccola (the little harbour), the Belvedere of Tragara (a high panoramic promenade lined with villas), the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea (the Faraglioni), the town of Anacapri, the Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra), and the ruins of the Imperial Roman villas.

Capri is part of the region of Campania, Province of Naples. The town of Capri is the island's main population centre. The island has two harbours, Marina Piccola and Marina Grande (the main port of the island). The separate comune of Anacapri is located high on the hills to the west.

Etymology[link]

The etymology of the name Capri is unclear; it might either be traced back to the Ancient Greeks (Ancient Greek kapros meaning "wild boar"), the first recorded colonists to populate the island. But it could also derive from Latin capreae (goats). Fossils of wild boars have been discovered, lending credence to the "kapros" etymology, but on the other hand the Romans called Capri "goat island". Finally, there is also the possibility the name derives from an Etruscan word for "rocky", though any historical Etruscan rule of the island is disputed.^[1][2]

History[link]

Ancient and Roman times[link]

Capri harbour from Anacapri

According to the Greek geographer Strabo, Capri was once part of the mainland. This has been confirmed by geological surveys and archaeological findings.

The city has been inhabited since early times. Evidence of human settlement was discovered during the Roman era; according to Suetonius, when the foundations for the villa of Augustus were being excavated, giant bones and 'weapons of stone' were discovered. The emperor ordered these to be displayed in the garden of his main residence, the Sea Palace. Modern excavations have shown that human presence on the island can be dated to the Neolithic and the Bronze Age.

In his Aeneid, Virgil states that the island had been populated by the Greek people of Teleboi, coming from the Ionian Islands. Strabo says that "in ancient times in Capri there were two towns, later reduced to one."^[3] Tacitus records that there were twelve Imperial villas in Capri (or Capreae, as it was spelled in Latin). Ruins of one at Tragara could still be seen in the 19th century.

Augustus' successor Tiberius built a series of villas at Capri, the most famous of which is the Villa Jovis, one of the best-preserved Roman villas in Italy. In 27 CE, Tiberius permanently moved to Capri, running the Empire from there until his death in 37 CE.

In 182 CE, Emperor Commodus banished his sister Lucilla to Capri. She was executed shortly afterwards.

Middle and Modern Ages[link]

One of the symbols of Capri: the Blue Grotto

After the end of the Western Roman Empire, Capri returned to the status of a dominion of Naples, and suffered various attacks and ravages by pirates. In 866 Emperor Louis II gave the island to Amalfi. In 987 Pope John XV consecrated the first bishop of Capri.

In 1496 Frederick IV of Naples established legal and administrative parity between the settlements of Capri and Anacapri. The pirate raids reached their peak during the reign of Charles V: the famous Turkish admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis captured the island in 1535 and 1553 for the Ottoman Empire, respectively.

The first recorded tourist to visit the island was French antiques dealer Jean-Jacques Bouchard in the 17th century. His diary, found in 1850, is an important information source about Capri.

Recent history[link]

French troops under Napoleon occupied Capri in January 1806. The British ousted the French in the following May, after which Capri was turned into a powerful naval base (a "Second Gibraltar"), but the building program caused heavy damage to the archaeological sites. The French reconquered Capri in 1808, and remained there until the end of the Napoleonic era (1815), when Capri was returned to the Bourbon ruling house of Naples.

The natural scientist Ignazio Cerio catalogued Capri's flora and fauna during the 19th century. His work was continued by his son, author and engineer Edwin Cerio, who wrote several books on life in Capri in the 20th century.

Norman Douglas, Friedrich Alfred Krupp, Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, Christian Wilhelm Allers, Emil von Behring, Curzio Malaparte, Axel Munthe, and Maxim Gorky are all reported to have owned a villa there, or to have stayed there for more than three months. Swedish Queen Victoria often stayed there. Rose O'Neill, the American illustrator and creator of the Kewpie, owned the Villa Narcissus, formerly owned by the famous Beaux Art painter Charles Caryl Coleman. Gracie Fields also had a villa on the island, though her 1934 song "The Isle of Capri" was written by two Englishmen. Mariah Carey owns a villa on the island.

In 1908, Vladimir Ilic Ulianov, also known as Lenin, was hosted by Alexei Maximovich Peshkov, also known as Maxim Gorky, a Russian, Soviet author, at his house near the Giardini Augusto. In 1970 a monument by Giacomo Manzù was erected during the centennial celebration in Lenin's honour.

Capri in art and literature[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

This section contains information which may be of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter. Please help improve this article by clarifying or removing superfluous information. (January 2011)

John Singer Sargent: Head of a Capri Girl (Rosina Ferrara), 1878

Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, Capri, a look from Santa Serafina, 1840

In the latter half of the 19th century, Capri became a popular resort for European artists, writers and other celebrities. The book that spawned the 19th century fascination with Capri in France, Germany, and England was Entdeckung der blauen Grotte auf der Insel Capri, 'Discovery of the Blue Grotto on the Isle of Capri', by the German painter and writer August Kopisch, in which he describes his 1826 stay on the island and his (re)discovery of the Blue Grotto.

John Singer Sargent and Frank Hyde are among the prominent artists who stayed on the island around the late 1870s. Sargent is known for his series of portraits featuring local model Rosina Ferrara. Claude Debussy refers to the island's hills in the title of his impressionistic prélude Les collines d'Anacapri (1910). Capri is the setting for "The Lotus Eater" (1945), a short story by Somerset Maugham. In the story, the protagonist from Boston comes to Capri on a holiday and is so enchanted by the place he gives up his job and decides to spend the rest of his life in leisure there. British novelist Compton Mackenzie lived there from 1913 to 1920, with later visits, and set some of his work on the island, e.g. Vestal Fire (1927).

As well as being a haven for writers and artists, Capri served as a relatively safe place for foreign gay men and lesbians to lead a more open life; a small nucleus of them were attracted to live there, overlapping to some extent with the creative types mentioned above. Poet August von Platen-Hallermünde was one of the first. Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen wrote the roman à clef Et le feu s’éteignit sur la mer (1910) about Capri and its residents in the early 20th century, causing a minor scandal. Fersen's life on Capri became the subject of Roger Peyrefitte's fictionalised biography, L'Exilé de Capri. A satirical presentation of the island's lesbian colony is made in Mackenzie's 1928 novel Extraordinary Women, inspired by the affairs of American painter Romaine Brooks (in the novel, under the pseudonym of Olimpia Leigh)^[4]. One of the island's most famous foreign gay exiles was Norman Douglas; his novel South Wind (1917) is a thinly fictionalised description of Capri's residents and visitors, and a number of his other works, both books and pamphlets, deal with the island, including Capri (1930) and his last work, A Footnote on Capri (1952).

Memoirs set on Capri include Edwin Cerio's Aria di Capri (1928) (translated as That Capri Air), which contains a number of historical and biographical essays on the island, including a tribute to Norman Douglas; The Story of San Michele (1929) by Swedish royal physician Axel Munthe (1857–1949), who built a villa of that name and Shirley Hazzard's Greene on Capri: A Memoir (2000), about her reminiscences of Graham Greene.

French singer Hervé Vilard released the song "Capri c'est fini" in 1965, which became a worldwide hit.

Main sights[link]

A clickable map showing some of the most important sights on Capri. (Use icon on the right to enlarge.)

Annual events[link]

• Capri Art Film Festival (every April since 2006)^[5]
• Festival of San Costanzo (Capri patron saint) – May 14^[6]
• Festival of Sant’Antonio (Anacapri patron saint) – June 13^[6]
• Capri Tango Festival (every June since 2007)^[6]
• International Folklore Festival (Anacapri) – August^[7]
• Settembrata Anacaprese (Anacapri harvest festival) – September^[7]
• Capri International Film Festival (every late December/early January since 1995)^[8]

Tourism[link]

Panoramic view from Piazzetta, in Capri Centre

Capri is a tourist destination for both Italians and foreigners. In the 1950s Capri became a popular destination. In summer, the island is heavily visited by tourists, especially by day trippers from Naples and Sorrento.

Transportation[link]

Typical taxi of Capri

Capri is served by ferry or hydrofoil from Naples, Sorrento, Positano or Amalfi as well as by boat services from the ports of the Bay of Naples and the Sorrentine Peninsula. Naples is served by two ports, Mergellina and Molo Beverello. Molo Beverello has a higher frequency of departures and a larger selection of boats than Mergellina.

From Naples, the ferry takes 80 minutes, and the hydrofoil 40 minutes. From Sorrento, the ferry takes about 40 minutes while the hydrofoil takes about 20 minutes.

Boats call at Marina Grande, from where a funicular goes up to Capri town. From Anacapri, a chair lift takes passengers to the top of the island.

Airports[link]

The nearest airports are:

• Napoli-Capodichino (NAP)
• Salerno-Pontecagnano (QSR)

Gallery[link]

• 

  Faraglioni. Top view

• 

  Villas on Capri

• 

  Overlooking Capri harbour from the rotunda in Villa San Michele]]

• 

  View from Monte Solaro

• 

  Faraglione

• 

  Grotta Meravigliosa

• 

  Natural arch

• 

  San Giacomo

• 

  View from August´s Garden

• 

  Marina Piccola from August's Garden

• 

  Marina Piccola viewed toward the Faraglioni

• 

  Monte Tiberio

• 

  Il Funiculare from Marina Grande to Capri

• 

  Capri

• 

  Capri

• 

  Villa Malaparte

• 

  The funicular railway cuts across the picture, on the left

• 

  Capri at sunset, from the tip of the peninsula of Sorrento

• 

  Overlooking the island from Anacapri

• 

  Charles Caryl Coleman: In the Shade of the Vines, Capri (1898)

• 

  A pier in Capri

Twinning[link]

• Capri is twinned with Crosby, Merseyside in the United Kingdom

See also[link]

• Ischia
• Amalfi Coast

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Capri

• Capri on Wikitravel
• Capri 360 panoramas (French)
• Capri Island APP, a complete guide to Capri on Ipad

Coordinates: 40°33′N 14°14′E / 40.55°N 14.233°E / 40.55; 14.233

Colbie Caillat
Colbie Caillat performing in 2009
Background information
Birth name	Colbie Marie Caillat
Born	(1985-05-28) May 28, 1985 (age 27) Newbury Park, California, United States
Origin	Malibu, California, United States
Genres	Pop, folk pop, pop rock, blue-eyed soul
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, guitarist, pianist
Instruments	Vocal, acoustic guitar, ukulele, piano
Years active	2007–present
Labels	Universal Republic Records
Website	www.colbiecaillat.com

Colbie Marie Caillat (ⁱ/ˈkoʊlbi kəˈleɪ/; born May 28, 1985) is an American pop singer-songwriter and acoustic guitarist from Malibu, California. She debuted in 2007 with Coco, which included hit singles "Bubbly" and "Realize". In 2008, she recorded a duet with Jason Mraz, "Lucky", which won a Grammy. Caillat released her second album, Breakthrough, in August 2009. Breakthrough was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards. She was also part of the group that won Album of the Year at the 2010 Grammys for her background vocals and writing on Taylor Swift's Fearless album. She has sold over six million albums worldwide and sold over 10 million singles. In 2009, Billboard magazine's 94th-best-selling music artist of the 2000–2009 decade.^[1]

Life and career[link]

Childhood and youth[link]

Caillat performing in Birmingham, Alabama

Caillat was born in Malibu, California, and grew up in Newbury Park, California. Her father, Ken Caillat, co-produced Fleetwood Mac's Rumours (1977) and Tusk (1979) albums. When she was an infant, her parents gave her the nickname "Coco", which she would later name her debut album.^[2] Caillat took piano lessons as a child, but lacked significant inspiration until she turned 11 years old, when she became enthralled with Lauryn Hill's performance in Sister Act 2.^[3] She realized that she wanted to be a singer, and began taking vocal lessons, performing onstage for the first time in sixth grade.^[4] Since then she has covered the Roberta Flack song that Lauryn Hill immortalized, "Killing Me Softly", and Hill's own^{[citation needed]} "Tell Him" (an import bonus song from her solo debut album).

Caillat soon met producer Mikal Blue, who hired her to sing on techno songs used at fashion shows. Caillat began playing the acoustic guitar at age 19, and Blue helped her record her first song.^[3] She auditioned for American Idol but was rejected at the pre-audition stage and was unable to sing for the judges.^[5] The second time she auditioned for the show, she sang her own original song, "Bubbly", and was rejected once again. However, Caillat expressed gratitude at the judges' decision, saying "I was shy. I was nervous. I didn't look the greatest. I wasn't ready for it yet. I was glad, when I auditioned, that they said no."^[6] The popularity of Caillat's MySpace profile led her to become the number-one unsigned singer in her genre for four consecutive months.^[7]

[edit] 2007–2008: Coco

Caillat performing at The Malibu Inn during the Coco Summer Tour

Caillat performing at The Malibu Inn

Caillat's debut album, Coco was released in 2007. Her debut single "Bubbly" peaked at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #2 on the Pop 100. Two other singles followed, "Realize" (#20, Hot 100) and "The Little Things" (#94, Pop 100).^[8] After touring with The Goo Goo Dolls and Lifehouse in 2007, she was the supporting act for John Mayer on his 2008 Summer Tour.

In 2008, Caillat recorded a duet with Jason Mraz, called "Lucky," on his album, We Sing, We Dance, We Steal Things.^[9] In August 2008, Caillat released a song and video for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics called "Somethin' Special".^[10] Caillat also sings on "You" by Schiller and appears in the music video. She has been involved in the soundtrack of the movie Imagine That; she and Mikal Blue cover the Beatles song "Here Comes the Sun". She is also featured in Colombian singer Juanes' album La vida... es un ratico (en vivo) in the song "Hoy Me Voy". In October 2008, the song "Midnight Bottle" was included in the soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Três Irmãs. She also played herself on this soap opera and performing the song. Caillat provided background vocals for and co-wrote Taylor Swift's song "Breathe", on her album, Fearless.

[edit] 2009–2010: Breakthrough

Caillat on the red carpet at the 2009 American Music Awards

Caillat's second album, Breakthrough, was released in August 2009. Most of the album was co-written by Jason Reeves and features guitarist David Becker on two tracks. Becker has worked with Caillat's father Ken.^[11] Caillat had writer's block during the recording sessions, so she enlisted her friends Kara DioGuardi and Jason Reeves, and they went to Hawaii for three weeks, rented a beach house and wrote songs. The first single from Breakthrough, "Fallin' for You", was released in June. The second single, "I Never Told You," was released in February 2010. Caillat released two Christmas songs for the 2009 holiday season: the standard "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" and the Beach Boys song "Merry Christmas, Baby".^[12]

Caillat was recognized as BMI's songwriter of the year. In July 2010, Caillat performed "God Bless America" during the seventh inning stretch at the 2010 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In September 2010, Caillat performed the national anthem in the season opener game of the National Football League in New Orleans and a Monday Night Football game in Chicago. In December 2010, Caillat performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway. In 2010, Caillat visited the Watkins Glen, New York shelter of Farm Sanctuary, an organization she supports.^[13]

[edit] 2011–present: All of You

Caillat with with longtime-collaborator Jason Reeves

Caillat's third album, All of You, was released on July 12, 2011. The first single, "I Do" was released in February. The second single, "Brighter Than the Sun", was released in June.^[14] Caillat performed an acoustic version of the National Anthem before the San Diego Chargers v Minnesota Vikings game at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego on September 11, 2011, during the day of remembrance for 9/11. Caillat performed "Brighter Than the Sun" on Disney Channel's Original Series So Random.

Caillat appeared in the third episode of the cancelled NBC television series The Playboy Club as 1960s singer Lesley Gore. In the episode broadcast on October 3, 2011, Caillat sang Gore's 1963 hit, "It's My Party".^[15] Cast for the part in August 2011,^[16] Caillat taped her portion of the episode in Chicago.^[17]

Discography[link]

• Coco (2007)
• Breakthrough (2009)
• All of You (2011)

Tours[link]

Caillat performing at The Nobel Peace Price Concert 2010

• 2008: John Mayer 2008 Summer Tour
• 2008: Coco Summer Tour
• 2008: Coco World Tour
• 2009/2010: Breakthrough World Tour
• 2011: All of You Summer Tour
• 2012: Co-Headlining Summer Tour with Gavin DeGraw

Filmography[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2011)

Grammy Awards[link]

The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Caillat has won two awards from four nominations, including Album of the Year (as featured artist).

Others awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Colbie Caillat

	Book: Colbie Caillat
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Official website
• Colbie Caillat at Universal Republic
• Colbie Caillat at the Internet Movie Database
• Colbie Caillat on the cover of the March 19, 2008 issue of iProng Magazine
• Colbie Caillat cover story in the January 2009 issue of International Musician
• AOL Sessions Performance & Interview
• Interview with Caillat's manager Chad Jensen, HitQuarters Jun 2008

Max Raabe
Background information
Birth name	Matthias Otto
Born	(1962-12-12) December 12, 1962 (age 49) Lünen, Germany.
Genres	Cabaret, comedy, old style, orchestra
Instruments	Vocals, orchestra
Years active	1992–present
Website	palast-orchester

Max Raabe (born Matthias Otto,^[1] December 12, 1962, Lünen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German singer. He is particularly noted as the founder and leader of the Palast Orchester.

Raabe developed an interest in the sound of German dance and film music of the 1920s and 1930s, such as the songs of the Comedian Harmonists, from seeing old films on television and from his parents' record collection.^[2] He formally studied music at the Berlin University of the Arts, intending originally to become a baritone opera singer. He and 11 other students formed the Palast Orchester in 1985. The ensemble initially used music arrangements that Raabe found whilst shopping at various flea markets.^[3] The orchestra worked for one year on learning these arrangements without any public engagements or performances.^[4] The orchestra gave its first public performance at the 1987 Berlin Theaterball, in the lobby as a secondary act, but with such success that the audience left the ballroom to hear the orchestra's performance in the lobby.^[5] Raabe and the Palast Orchester had a hit with his 1992 original, Schlager-styled song "Kein Schwein ruft mich an" ("No One Ever Calls, No One Has a Care for Me"; literal translation "No pig calls me"), a pop song in 1920s' style.

In addition to covers of vintage music, Raabe writes original songs and music, including film music. He and the orchestra have also created covers of modern pop songs in a 1920–1930s band style, including songs by Britney Spears, Tom Jones, and Salt'n'Pepa. Raabe has also made a number of cameo appearances, mostly as stereotypical 1920s and 1930s singers and entertainers, in a number of films by German directors, such as Der bewegte Mann (1994; English title "Maybe, Maybe Not"), Werner Herzog's Invincible (2001), and Wenzel Storch's Die Reise ins Glück (2004). His live theatre performances have included a 1994 appearance as Dr. Siedler in the Berlin 'Bar jeder Vernunft' version of The White Horse Inn, and 1999 performances as Mack the Knife in Kurt Weill and Bertholt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera alongside Nina Hagen.

Raabe first performed in the USA in Los Angeles in 2004.^[6] In 2005, he had his first concert in New York City's Carnegie Hall. He and the Palast Orchester subsequently appeared at Carnegie Hall in 2007^[7] and 2010. In 2011 Raabe produced an album, Küssen kann man nicht alleine (You cannot kiss alone), with former new wave musician and famous producer Annette Humpe, who also wrote the lyrics.^[8]

Discography[link]

• Die Männer sind schon die Liebe wert (1988)
• Kleines Fräulein, einen Augenblick (1989)
• Ich hör’ so gern Musik (1991)
• Kein Schwein ruft mich an (1992)
• Mein kleiner grüner Kaktus (1992)
• Wintergarten-Edition Live (1996)
• Dort tanzt Lu-Lu! (1996)
• Ich hör’ so gern Musik (1996)
• Bel Ami (1996)
• Music, Maestro, Please (1996)
• Die Dreigroschenoper (The Three penny opera) w. HK Gruber, Nina Hagen and Ensemble Modern (1999)
• 10 Jahre Palast Orchester mit seinem Sänger Max Raabe (1997)
• Krokodile und andere Hausfreunde (2000)
• Superhits (2001)
• Superhits Nummer 2 (2001)
• Heute Nacht Oder Nie ("Tonight or Never", 2008) – A 2CD set of the live performance of Max Raabe and the Palast Orchester at Carnegie Hall, November 2007, released on September 23, 2008.)
• Übers Meer (15.01.2010)
• Küssen kann man nicht alleine (2011) (with Annette Humpe)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Max Raabe's home page (English and German)
• Max Raabe and the Palast Orchester on MySpace
• Opus3 Artists agency page
• Goethe Institute page on Max Raabe
• "Max Raabe's Palast Orchester: Timeless Elegance". All Things Considered (National Public Radio), 19 October 2008.
• Chicago Symphony Orchestra page on Max Raabe
• Helnwein Museum, "Marilyn Manson Marries Dita von Teese at Helnwein's Irish Castle. Helnwein is best man. 3 December 2005
• All About Jazz, "Max Raabe & Palast Orchester Release and US Tour". September 24, 2008

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since March 2011. It may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since March 2011. It needs to be updated. Tagged since November 2010.

Gustavo Cerati
Background information
Birth name	Gustavo Adrián Cerati Clark
Born	(1959-08-11) August 11, 1959 (age 52) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Genres	Rock, alternative rock, electronic rock, experimental rock, neo-psychedelia, art rock, post-punk, New Wave, electronic music, pop rock, indie rock
Occupations	Musician, singer-songwriter, composer, producer
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, bass, keyboards, synthesizer, sampler
Years active	1982–2010.
Labels	Sony Music
Associated acts	Soda Stereo, Tweety González, Luis Alberto Spinetta, Roger Waters, Andy Summers, Shakira
Website	www.cerati.com
Notable instruments
PRS Custom G&L Legacy HB Gibson ES-335 Jackson Soloist

Gustavo Cerati^[1] (Born Gustavo Adrián Cerati Clark on August 11, 1959),^[2] is a singer-songwriter, composer, and rock producer. He is primarily known as the lead singer, songwriter, and guitarist of Soda Stereo (1982–1997), considered by many to be one of the most important and influential bands of Latin Rock.^[3] His work inside and outside of Soda Stereo makes him one of the most recognizable figures in Ibero-American rock.^[4][5] His solo career began in the early 1990s when on hiatus from Soda Stereo Cerati recorded his first solo album Amor Amarillo (Yellow Love).

Cerati has experimented with various musical genres, including electronic music (Plan V) and symphonic music. Throughout his career Cerati has been nominated for various Grammy, MTV, and Gardel awards. In 2007, Cerati reunited with Soda Stereo for a reunion tour Me Veras Volver Tour. On the 15th of May 2010 Cerati suffered a cerebral stroke after a show in Venezuela. Since then he remains in a coma under respiratory aide.^[6]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Cerati was born on the 11th of August 1959 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was the oldest son of the engineer and accountant Juan José Cerati, and Lilian Clark.^[7] From an early age Cerati showed an interest in music. His first incursion into music was a broomstick band that he formed in elementary school. Besides music, Cerati enjoyed drawing. He would spend long hours drawing superheroes such as “Superbrain" (similar to Superman, minus the predilection to kryptonite). He was an able athlete who practiced swimming and athletics. He won second place in a competition for the Billiken magazine after running 100 meters in an intercollegiate competition. One of Cerati’s main activities during his youth was directing the choir for the College, where he was suspended for burping during mass (he was later pardoned after winning a singing competition). As a teenager he worked as a medical assistant at the Boehringer laboratory in Argentina in 1981. A few years later he served in the Argentinian military.

His first musical influences were groups like The Police –Cerati recorded “Bring on the Night” for a tribute album featuring Andy Summers on guitar and Vinnie Colaiuta on drums. Queen, (whom he covered with Soda Stereo), The Cure, David Bowie, Brian May, Ritchie Blackmore and Deep Purple.

In High School Cerati won a Christmas themed songwriting contest sponsored by Channel 9 (Argentina). He played in different bands including, "Savage," a rock and blues group, "Vozarron," a fusion band, and a trio called "Triciclo" (tricycle). "Savage" was made up of two British singers who would also perform at a cabaret in front of Parque Centenario (Centennial Park).^[8]

Soda Stereo[link]

Cerati performing live with Soda Stereo in 2007.

Main article: Soda Stereo

In 1982 Cerati established a close relationship with Héctor "Zeta" Bosio, which was to prove decisive in the future of both. They knew each other from the advertising major at the University of Salvador in Buenos Aires. Their relationship was cemented in the summer of 1982 in Punta del Este, Uruguay where they were playing with their respective bands. They decided to return to Buenos Aires to form a band. Zeta and Gustavo shared the same musical tastes and had the same aspirations. They wanted to integrate the new wave sound of The Police (which had toured Argentina earlier that year), with their own sound. And they wanted to sing in Spanish. Charly Alberti was recruited as drummer and they formed Los Estereotipos. After a brief period in which various configurations were tested, including one with Daniel Melero, Richard Coleman, and others, they decided to remain as a trio and changed their name to Soda Stereo.

From the beginning the group worked on building their image, aided by Alfredo Lois (college roommate), who took care of the aesthetic details; makeup, hairstyles, and so forth. The first concerts were held in July of 1983 at the disco Airport and at Stud Free Pub. Following those early shows Soda toured the pub circuit with obligatory stops at Cafe Einstein and Zero, which at the time, represented the less commercial scene of the moment.

Along with Soda Stereo Gustavo Cerati recorded seven studio albums: Soda Stereo (1984), Nada Personal (1985), Signos (1986), Doble Vida (1988), Canción Animal (1990), Dynamo (1992), Sueño Stereo (1995).

Solo career[link]

Cerati recorded two solo albums while playing with Soda Stereo. These albums are:

• Colores Santos (1991) A project with Daniel Melero. Notable songs from the álbum include "Vuelta por el Universo", "Tu Medicina" and "Colores Santos".
• Amor Amarillo (1994) Cerati’s very first solo album which included Hector (Zeta) Bosio, ex-bass player for Soda Stereo, contributing bass on the song "Amor Amarillo" ("Yellow Love"). Notable singles from the album include "Lisa", "Te llevo para que me lleves", "Pulsar" and "Bajan".

Cerati's solo albums since the breakup of Soda Stereo are:

• Bocanada (1999) Considered his first official solo album, Bocanada is marked by heavy use of electronic samples and beats. Some outstanding songs from this album include "Engaña", "Río Babel", "Bocanada", "Puente" and "Paseo Inmoral". During an interview, Cerati said that he would like to name this album "Cerati Iluminado" in regards of the lyrics and music they arranged for the records.
• +Bien (2001) Soundtrack of the movie of the same name, directed by Eduardo Capilla, in which he also stars and makes his acting debut. Another soundtrack he produced was for the movie "Solo Por Hoy".
• 11 Episodios Sinfónicos (2001) A live recording of Cerati singing with a classic orchestra performing some of the most popular songs from his own catalog and that of Soda Stereo.
• Siempre es Hoy (2002) The third non-instrumental album of his solo career, it marks a new perspective for his music and sound. Some highlights include "Karaoke", "Cosas Imposibles" and "Artefacto".
• Siempre es Hoy / Reversiones (2003) A compilation of remixes from the album "Siempre es hoy" performed by several artists of the ambient electronica around the world.
• Ahí vamos (2006) Probably his most rock-oriented album to date, Ahí vamos is an album that combines Cerati's guitar roots and a melodic style. It includes songs such as "Un lago en el cielo", "Crimen", "La excepcion", "Uno entre mil", "Adios", "Me quedo aqui" and "Medium". Hector Castillo and Tweety Gonzalez were responsible for the sound engineering of the album.
• Fuerza Natural (2009) Released on September 1, 2009, the album is Cerati’s fifth solo album and features a folk sound with acoustic guitars and presence of mandolins. The first single from the album was "Déjà vu". It also includes songs such as "Fuerza Natural", "Rapto", "Magia".

Cerati is known for his lead and rhythm guitar talents and for his ability to play intricate lead solos on guitar while singing in key. In his album Ahí vamos his guitar playing is featured prominently as opposed to the heavy use of electronic samplers as in Bocanada. Ahí Vamos was certified platinum in Argentina in only one day.

Cerati has several electronic music alter egos as well, namely Plan V, Ocio and Roken. He has produced albums for other artists, most notably Sueños en Tránsito for Nicole and Mar for Leo García as well as for the band Friccion. He is a contributing artist on several albums for artists such as Caifanes, Los Calzones, and Shakira.

Despite stating that the Grammys do not matter to him. He attended the Latin Grammys ceremony on November 2, 2006 where he won for Best Rock Album and Best Rock Song.^[9]

On March 10, 2007 Cerati played a free concert in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The show was held in a popular square and main streets were closed. The concert was the closure of the Summer Programme of the city government. The government estimated that between 150,000^[10] and 200,000^[11] people attended.

On July 7, 2007 he performed at Live Earth with Shakira in Germany.

Gustavo Cerati won Best Rock Album for Fuerza Natural and Best Rock Song for Deja Vu during the 2010 Latin Grammy Awards.^[12]

Personal life[link]

Cerati was married to Chilean model Cecilia Amenábar from 1992 until 2002. They had two children: Lisa and Benito. Amenábar contributed vocals and double bass to Cerati's first solo album, Amor Amarillo.

Stroke[link]

On May 15, 2010, Cerati suffered a stroke^[13] due to a decompensation after his performance in Caracas, Venezuela. He was hospitalized in Centro Médico La Trinidad in Caracas under medical surveillance. Three days later, according to the Venezuelan media,^[14] Cerati underwent surgery to relieve pressure on his brain due to the ischemic stroke he suffered.

On June 7, 2010, Cerati was finally transferred to Argentina and hospitalized in the FLENI Neurological Institute in Buenos Aires.^[15] Doctors there began treatment with antibiotics due to a respiratory tract infection.^[16] The following day, doctors reported extensive brain damage due to the stroke, according to the Agence France-Presse.^[17] Cerati currently remains in a coma.

While performing at Rock in Rio Madrid on June 5, 2010, Colombian singer Shakira, a close friend of Cerati, debuted a new song, the title track from her upcoming Spanish album "Sale el Sol" (The Sun Comes Out), dedicated to Gustavo Cerati. The song states that the sun will rise even after the storm and that there is light at the end of the tunnel.^[18]

A month after the stroke, Claudio E. Pensa M.D., medical director of the FLENI Neurological Institute, issued a statement to the press stating that Cerati's medical condition remained unchanged and that he would only provide new information if changes were to occur.^[19]

Viejas Locas singer Cristian “Pity” Alvarez, during a performance in Cordoba on June 20, 2010, claimed that Cerati was already dead, but his decease was withheld due to financial issues.^[20] On June 21, Álvarez and the rest of Viejas Locas issued a statement expressing their wishes for Cerati's full recovery.^[21]

On Cerati's official webpage his family issued two statements, with the first on June 20, 2010 thanking and acknowledging the medical staff in Venezuela for their work, as well as the efforts of the personnel of Evenpro and Cerati's roadies and musicians.^[22] On June 27, 2010 the family's second statement was released, which affirmed that Cerati is receiving good medical care and asked fans to disregard any malicious rumors related to his health.^[19]

On December 2, 2010 a statement was issued by ALCLA Clinic's medical director stating that, neurologically, Cerati is reacting to thermal stimuli.^[23]

The Irish rock band U2 remembered Gustavo Cerati in one of their concerts in La Plata, Argentina, on March 2011 during the intro of their song "Moment of Surrender". Bono said "We would like you to think about Gustavo Cerati. We send him our love and respect, and he will hear our voices tonight", earning a standing ovation from 60,000 fans at the Único Stadium.^[24]

Guitars[link]

Cerati with his PRS Custom.

Gustavo has an extensive collection of guitars. The guitar he uses most is the PRS Custom Multifoil, which he has used for more than 20 years and is his characteristic guitar, but unlike other musicians that only use one or just a few guitars, he uses several, varying them depending on the song that he's playing in order to achieve the right sound. The guitars he most uses are:

• PRS Custom Multifoil
• G&L Legacy HB, Black finish
• Gibson ES-335, Cherry finish
• Fender Telecaster, Cherry finish
• G&L ASAT Classic, Cherry finish
• Jackson Soloist, Blue finish
• Fender Electric XII, Sunburst finish
• Gibson Les Paul, White / Black finish
• Gibson Chet Atkins SST
• Parker Fly Deluxe
• Pensa Custom MK1, Black quilt finish

Discography[link]

Gustavo Cerati has released five solo albums and with Soda Stereo he released seven studio albums and three live albums.

Solo releases[link]

• Amor Amarillo (1993)^[25]
• Bocanada (1999)
• Siempre es Hoy (2002)
• Ahí vamos (2006)
• Fuerza Natural (2009)

Soda Stereo[link]

LPs

• Soda Stereo (1984)
• Nada Personal (1985)
• Signos (1986)
• Doble Vida (1988)
• Canción Animal (1990)
• Dynamo (1992)
• Sueño Stereo (1995)

EPs, remixes

• Languis (1989)
• Rex Mix (1991)
• Zona de Promesas (1993)

Live

• Comfort y Música Para Volar (1996)
• El Último Concierto (1997)
• Gira Me Verás Volver (2008)

Other albums[link]

• Colores Santos (featuring the Argentine musician Daniel Melero) (1991)
• +Bien (Movie Soundtrack) (2001)
• 11 Episodios Sinfónicos (Live with Symphonic Orchestra) (2001)

Compilations[link]

• Chau Soda (1997)
• Siempre es Hoy: Reversiones (2003) (Double CD- Remixes Compilation)
• Canciones Elegidas 93-04 (2004) (European edition)
• Canciones Elegidas 93-04 (2004) (American edition) (CD + DVD)
• Me Verás Volver (2007)

Other projects[link]

• Fricción (with Richard Coleman) (1985)
• Colores Santos (with Daniel Melero) (1992)
• Colores Santos, the Remixes (1995)
• Plan V (with Andrés Bucci, Guillermo Ugarte, Christian Powditch, and Hugo Chávez) (1996)
• Plan Black V Dog (with Black Dog) (1998)
• Ocio - Medida Universal (with Flavius E.) (1999)
• Ocio - Insular (2000)
• Roken (with Flavius E., Leandro Fresco) (only live presentations, no album or record was done) (2004)
• Nicole - Sueños en tránsito (Producer) (1997)
• Leo García- Mar (Producer) (2000)

Collaborations[link]

Cerati Gustavo has done a lot of collaborations with other artists, some of the highlights are:

• The Child Will Fly - Roger Waters, Shakira, Eric Clapton, Pedro Aznar and Gustavo Cerati. In March 2008, Gustavo Cerati reunited with Roger Waters in New York to collaborate on a track to benefit the Alas Foundation. The session took place in the Looking Glass studio belonging to the renowned minimalist composer Philip Glass. There, Gustavo Cerati and Roger Waters worked under the command of Hector Castillo, recording engineer Here we go. Filming for the music video has begun.^[26]
• Outlandos D'Americas - Tribute to The Police, with Andy Summers, song "Tráeme la noche" ("Bring on the Night")
• Tribute to Queen (Soda Stereo, song "Algún Día" ("Some Day One Day")
• Los Durabeat (Beatles Tribute)
• Shakira - Fijación Oral Vol. 1 + 2 ("Día Especial", "No"), Sale el Sol ("Mariposas" "Devoción" "Tu Boca")
• No lo Soporto - Avión, song "Nunca Iré"
• Plasticos from Los Calzones-tribute to Argentine rock songs made in ska version (en la ciudad de la furia)
• Bajofondo - Mar Dulce, song "El Mareo"
• "Savage" guitar solo on Los Brujos debut LP's song "Fin de Semana Salvaje". He also co-produced this album with Daniel Melero.
• "Caifanes Vol. 1" - Guitar on "la Bestia Humana".

References[link]

External links[link]

• Gustavo Cerati's official website
• Soda Stereo official website
• 2006 Interview with Cerati by Patrick Ambrose at The Morning News

Charlie Sheen
Sheen on March 11, 2009
Born	Carlos Irwin Estevez (1965-09-03) September 3, 1965 (age 46)[1] New York City, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1974–present
Spouse	Donna Peele (1995–1996) Denise Richards (2002–2006) Brooke Mueller (2008–2011)[2]
Children	5
Parents	Martin Sheen (father) Janet Templeton (mother)
Relatives	Emilio Estevez (brother) Ramon Estevez (brother) Renée Estevez (sister)
Website
www.charliesheen.com

Carlos Irwin Estevez (born September 3, 1965), better known by his stage name Charlie Sheen, is an American film and television actor. He is the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen.

His character roles in films have included Chris Taylor in the 1986 Vietnam War drama Platoon, Jake Kesey in the 1986 film The Wraith, and Bud Fox in the 1987 film Wall Street. His career has also included more comedic films such as Major League, the Hot Shots! films, and Scary Movie 3 and Scary Movie 4. On television, Sheen is known for his roles on two sitcoms: as Charlie Crawford on Spin City and as Charlie Harper on Two and a Half Men. In 2010, Sheen was the highest paid actor on television, earning US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men.^[3]

Sheen's personal life has also made headlines, including reports about alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems as well as allegations of domestic violence. He was fired from his role on Two and a Half Men by CBS and Warner Bros. on March 7, 2011. Sheen subsequently announced a nationwide tour.^[4]

Early life[link]

Sheen was born Carlos Irwin Estevez in New York City, the youngest son and third of four children of actor Martin Sheen and artist Janet Templeton.^[5] His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Galicia (northwestern Spain) and Ireland.^[6] Sheen has two older brothers, Emilio Estevez and Ramon Estevez, and a younger sister, Renée Estevez, all actors. His parents moved to Malibu, California, after Martin's Broadway turn in The Subject Was Roses. Sheen's first movie appearance was at age nine in his father’s 1974 film The Execution of Private Slovik. Sheen attended Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica, California, where he was a star pitcher and shortstop for the baseball team.^[5][7]

At Santa Monica High School, he showed an early interest in acting, making amateur Super 8 films with his brother Emilio and school friends Rob Lowe and Sean Penn under his birth name. A few weeks before graduation, Sheen was expelled from school for poor grades and attendance. Deciding to become an actor, he took the stage name Charlie Sheen. His father had adopted it in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J. Sheen.^[8][9]

Acting career[link]

Film[link]

Sheen's film career began in 1984 with a role in the Cold War teen drama Red Dawn with Patrick Swayze, C. Thomas Howell, Lea Thompson, and Jennifer Grey. Sheen and Grey reunited in a small scene in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986). He also appeared in an episode of the anthology series Amazing Stories. Sheen had his first major role in the Vietnam War drama Platoon (1986). In 1987, he starred with his father in Wall Street. Both Wall Street and Platoon were directed by Oliver Stone. In 1988, Stone asked Sheen to star in his new film Born on the Fourth of July (1989), but later cast Tom Cruise instead. Sheen was never notified by Stone, and only found out when he heard the news from his brother Emilio. Sheen did not take a lead role in Stone's subsequent films,^[10] although he did have a cameo role in Money Never Sleeps.

In 1987, Sheen was cast to portray Ron in the unreleased Grizzly II: The Predator, the sequel to the 1976 low budget horror movie Grizzly. In 1988, he starred in the baseball film Eight Men Out as outfielder Happy Felsch. Also in 1988, he appeared opposite his brother Emilio in Young Guns and again in 1990 in Men at Work. In 1989, Sheen, John Fusco, Christopher Cain, Lou Diamond Phillips, Emilio Estévez and Kiefer Sutherland were honored with a Bronze Wrangler for their work on the film Young Guns.^[11]

In 1990, he starred alongside his father in Cadence as a rebellious inmate in a military stockade and with Clint Eastwood in the buddy cop action film The Rookie.^[5] The films were directed by Martin Sheen and Eastwood, respectively. In 1992, he starred in Beyond the Law with Linda Fiorentino and Michael Madsen. In 1994, Sheen was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[11] In 1997, Sheen wrote his first movie, Discovery Mars, a direct-to-video documentary revolving around the question, "Is There Life on Mars?". The next year, Sheen wrote, produced and starred in the action movie No Code of Conduct.^[12]

Sheen appeared in several comedy roles, including the Major League films, Money Talks, and the spoof Hot Shots! films. In 1999, Sheen appeared in a pilot for A&E Network, called Sugar Hill, which was not picked up. In 1999, Sheen played himself in Being John Malkovich. He also appeared in the spoof series Scary Movie 3 and follow up Scary Movie 4.

Sheen appears as Dex Dogtective in the unreleased Lionsgate animated comedy Foodfight.^[12]

Sheen has been cast to star alongside Jason Schwartzman in Roman Coppola's upcoming film A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charlie Swan III.^[13]

Television[link]

In 2000, Sheen debuted on the small screen when he replaced Michael J. Fox for the last two seasons of the sitcom Spin City. For his work on Spin City, Sheen was nominated for two ALMA Awards and won his first Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy.^[14][15] The series ended in 2002.

In 2003, Sheen was cast as Charlie Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, which followed the popular Monday night time slot of Everybody Loves Raymond. Sheen's role on Two and a Half Men was loosely based on Sheen's bad boy image.^[16] The role garnered him an ALMA Award and he gained three Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe award nominations.^[14] During his eighth and final season on the show, Sheen earned a record $1.8 million per episode.^[3]

Warner Bros. dismissal[link]

In January 2011, production of Two and a Half Men went on hiatus while Sheen underwent a substance rehabilitation program in his home, his third attempt at rehab in twelve months.^[17][18][19] The following month, however, CBS canceled the season's four remaining episodes after Sheen publicly made derogatory comments about the series' creator, Chuck Lorre,^[20] and Warner Bros. officially banned Sheen from entering its production lot.^[21] Sheen, already the highest-paid actor on television,^[3] responded by publicly demanding a 50 percent raise,^[22] claiming that in comparison to the amount that the series was making, he was "underpaid."^[22]

CBS and Warner Bros. fired Sheen from Two and a Half Men on March 7, 2011.^[23] He was replaced by Ashton Kutcher.^[24][25] In the aftermath of his dismissal, Sheen remained vocally critical of Chuck Lorre,^[26] and filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Lorre and Warner Bros., which was settled the following September 26.^[27] That same month, Sheen, while presenting an award at the Primetime Emmy Awards, addressed "everybody here from Two and a Half Men" and stated, "From the bottom of my heart, I wish you nothing but the best for this upcoming season. We spent eight wonderful years together and I know you will continue to make great television."^[28]

Meltdown[link]

This section requires expansion.

In the wake of the dismissal, Sheen had a highly publicized "meltdown" which was broadcast on television and the internet. He made bizarre statements in television interviews, suggesting that he was a "warlock" with "tiger blood" and "Adonis DNA".^[29] He also posted videos to YouTube showing himself smoking cigarettes through his nose, and cursing out his former employers. ^[30] He told one TV interviewer, "‘I’m tired of pretending I’m not special. I’m tired of pretending I’m not a total bitchin’ rock star from Mars."^[31]

Other[link]

On September 19, 2011, Sheen was roasted on Comedy Central. It was watched by 6.4 million people, making it the highest rated roast on Comedy Central to date.^[32]

Other ventures[link]

In 2006, Sheen launched a clothing line for kids, called Sheen Kidz.^[33]

In 2011, Sheen set a new Guinness World Record for Twitter as the "Fastest Time to Reach 1 Million Followers" (adding an average of 129,000 new followers per day^[34]) as well as the Guinness record for "Highest Paid TV Actor Per Episode – Current" at $1.25 million while he was a part of the cast of Two and a Half Men sitcom.^[35] On March 3, 2011, Charlie Sheen signed with Ad.ly marketing agency specializing in Twitter and Facebook promotions.^[36][37]

Sheen's "My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option" tour on the marquee of Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

On March 10, 2011, Sheen announced a nationwide tour, "My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option", which began in Detroit on April 2.^[38] The tour sold out in 18 minutes, a Ticketmaster record.^[39] However, on April 1, 2011 the Detroit Free Press featured an article that stated as of March 30 that there were over 1000 tickets available from a third-party reseller, some at 15% less than the cheapest seats sold at the Fox Theater.^[40] The Huffington Post reported that it was expected Sheen would earn $1 million in 2011 from Twitter endorsements and $7 million from the North American tour.^[41] Many of those attending the April 2 performance in Detroit found it disappointing;^[42] the subsequent performance in Chicago, which featured some adjustments, received a more positive reception.^[43]

Sheen has taken up a new business venture as a partner in a line of electronic cigarettes. The "NicoSheen" product will feature the actor's signature smirk on packages of disposable E-cigarettes and related products.^[44]

On August 13, 2011, Sheen appeared as a host at the 12th annual Gathering of the Juggalos. He received a mixed reaction from the audience. Some cheered him, and some booed and threw things at him.^[45]

Personal life[link]

Family and relationships[link]

Sheen has been married three times and has five children. His first daughter, Cassandra Jade Estevez, was born on December 12, 1984, to his former high school girlfriend, Paula Profit.^[46][47]

In January 1990, Sheen accidentally shot his fiancee, Kelly Preston, in the arm.^[48] She broke off the engagement soon after.^[49][50][51]

In the 1990s, Sheen dated a number of adult film actresses, including Ginger Lynn^[48][52][53] and Heather Hunter.^[48]

On September 3, 1995,^[54] Sheen married Donna Peele.^[55] That same year, Sheen was named as one of the clients of an escort agency operated by Heidi Fleiss.^[56] Sheen and Peele divorced in 1996.^[5]

On June 15, 2002, Sheen married actress Denise Richards. They have two daughters, Sam^[57] and Lola Sheen.^[58] In March 2005, Richards filed for divorce, accusing Sheen of alcohol and drug abuse and threats of violence.^[59] The divorce was finalized in November 2006 and preceded a custody dispute over their two daughters.^[60][61][62]

On May 30, 2008, Sheen married Brooke Mueller, who later gave birth to their twin sons, Bob and Max.^[63][64][65] In November 2010, Sheen filed for divorce. On March 1, 2011, police removed Bob and Max from Sheen's home. Sheen told NBC's Today, "I stayed very calm and focused."^[66] According to People, social services took the children after Mueller obtained a restraining order against Sheen. The document said, "I am very concerned that [Sheen] is currently insane."^[67] Asked if he would fight for the children, Sheen texted People, "Born ready. Winning."^[67] Sheen and Mueller's divorce became final on May 2, 2011.^[2][68][69]

On March 1, 2011, Sheen was concurrently living with pornographic actress Rachel Oberlin and model and graphic designer Natalie Kenly, whom he collectively nicknamed his "goddesses".^{[70][71][72][73][74]} Oberlin left Sheen in April 2011, and Kenly left in June 2011.^[75][76]

Substance abuse and legal issues[link]

On May 20, 1998, Sheen overdosed while using cocaine and was hospitalized. On August 11, 1998, Sheen, already on probation for a previous drug offense, had his probation extended for an extra year and entered a rehab clinic.^[77][78] In a 2004 interview, Sheen admitted that the overdose was caused by his experimentation with injecting cocaine.^[79]

On December 25, 2009, Sheen was arrested for assaulting his wife, Brooke Mueller. He was released the same day from jail after posting an $8,500 bond.^[80][81] Sheen was charged with felony menacing, as well as third-degree assault and criminal mischief.^[82] On August 2, 2010, Sheen pleaded guilty to misdemeanor assault as part of a plea bargain that included dismissal of the other charges against him. Sheen was sentenced to 30 days in a drug rehab center, 30 days of probation, and 36 hours of anger management.^[83]

On October 26, 2010, the police removed Sheen from his suite at the Plaza Hotel after he reportedly caused $7,000 in damage.^[84] According to the NYPD, Sheen admitted to drinking and using cocaine the night of the incident.^[84] He was released after entering a hospital for observation.^[85]

Political views and activities[link]

Charitable activities[link]

Sheen was the 2004 spokesperson for the Lee National Denim Day breast cancer fundraiser that raised millions of dollars for research and education regarding the disease. Sheen stated that a friend of his died from breast cancer, and he wanted to try to help find a cure for the disease.

A major donor and supporter of Aid For AIDS since 2006, Sheen was honored with an AFA Angel Award, one of only a few ever given, at the nonprofit's 25th Silver Anniversary Reception in 2009.^[86] In addition to his financial support, he has volunteered to act as a celebrity judge for several years for their annual fundraiser, Best In Drag Show,^[87] which raises around a quarter of a million dollars^[86] each year in Los Angeles for AIDS assistance.^[88][89] He has brought other celebrities to support the event, including his father, actor Martin Sheen.^[90] Sheen's interest in AIDS was first reported in 1987 with his support of Ryan White, an Indiana teenager who became a national spokesperson for AIDS awareness after being infected with AIDS through a blood transfusion for his hemophilia.^[91][92]

On March 27, 2008, Sheen and Jenna Elfman co-hosted a New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project charity event.^[93]

Sheen is donating one dollar from each ticket sold from his “My Violent Torpedo of Truth/Defeat is Not An Option Show” 2011 tour to the Red Cross Japanese Earthquake Relief Fund.^[39]

In 2011, Sheen took on a Twitter challenge by a grieving mother to help critically ill babies born with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia by supporting CHERUBS – The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research, Awareness and Support.^[94]

September 11 attacks[link]

On March 20, 2006, Sheen stated that he questions the U.S. Government's account of the September 11 attacks.^[95] He said during the interview that the collapse of the World Trade Center towers looked like a controlled demolition.^[96][97]

Sheen has since become a prominent advocate of the 9/11 Truth movement.^[98] On September 8, 2009, he appealed to President Barack Obama to set up a new investigation into the attacks. Presenting his views as a transcript of a fictional encounter with Obama, he was characterized by the press as believing the 9/11 Commission was a whitewash and that the administration of former President George W. Bush may have been responsible for the attacks.^[99][100]

Filmography[link]

Films[link]

Short films[link]

Television[link]

References[link]