A postscript, abbreviated PS or P.S., is writing added after the main body of a letter (or other body of writing). The term comes from the Latin ''post scriptum'', an expression meaning "written after" (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing").

A postscript may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added to, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. In a book or essay, a more carefully composed addition (e.g., for a second edition) is called an afterword. An afterword, not usually called a postscript, is written in response to critical remarks on the first edition. The word "postscript" has, poetically, been used to refer to any sort of addendum to some main work, even if it is not attached to a main work, as in Søren Kierkegaard's book titled ''Concluding Unscientific Postscript.''

Sometimes, when additional points are made after the first postscript, abbreviations such as PPS (post-post-scriptum, or postquam-post-scriptum) and PPPS (post-post-post-scriptum, and so on, ''ad infinitum'') are used, though only PPS has somewhat common usage.

See also

Publishing

Afterword

Postface

Appendix

Addendum

''Nota bene''

P.S. I Love You, a list of media using "P.S." in the title

References

Category:Writing

ar:تذييل (نص) be:Постскрыптум be-x-old:Постскрыптум br:Post-scriptum ca:Post scriptum cs:Postskriptum de:Postskriptum es:Post scríptum fr:Post-scriptum it:Post scriptum he:נ"ב ka:პოსტსკრიპტუმი kk:Постскриптум lv:Post Scriptum nl:Postscriptum ja:追伸 no:Postskriptum pl:Postscriptum pt:Post-scriptum ru:Постскриптум fi:Jälkikirjoitus sv:Post scriptum uk:Постскриптум zh:附言

Donald E. Lancaster is a prolific author, inventor, and microcomputer pioneer best known for his magazine columns. He is also known for his "TV Typewriter" dumb terminal project, his book on technical entrepreneurship ''The Incredible Secret Money Machine,'' and his work on and advocacy of early print-on-demand technology. Lancaster's print-on-demand technique, with which he self-published several books, employed hand-tuned PostScript code sent to a laser printer through the game port of an Apple II rather than, as was common at the time, a Macintosh running PageMaker. He helped design and manufacture the Apple I keyboard. He held a radio amateur license (K3BYG) for a short time. He sells electronic surplus on eBay and participates regularly in the eBay seller's forums.

Bibliography

''TTL Cookbook'' (Macmillan, May 1974). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21035-5

''RTL Cookbook'' (Sams, 1969). 5th printing (Sams, 1973) Paperback ISBN 0-672-20715-X

''TV Typewriter Cookbook'' (January 1976). ISBN 0-672-21313-3

''The Incredible Secret Money Machine'' (January 1978). ISBN 0-672-21562-4

''The Cheap Video Cookbook'' (Sams, May 1978). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21524-1

''Son of Cheap Video'' (January 1980). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21723-6

''CMOS Cookbook'' 1st (Sams, 1980). ISBN 0-672-21398-2, 2nd rev. (Butterworth-Heinemann, January 1997). ISBN 0-7506-9943-4

''The Hexadecimal Chronicles'' (January 1981). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21802-X

''Don Lancaster's Micro Cookbook'' (Sams, October 1982). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21828-3

''Assembly Cookbook for Apple II/IIE'' (Sams, July 1984). Paperback ISBN 0-672-22331-7

''Enhancing Your Apple II'' (January 1985). Paperback ISBN 0-672-21846-1

''Applewriter Cookbook'' (January 1986). Paperback ISBN 0-672-22460-7

''The Incredible Secret Money Machine II''

''Enhancing Your Apple II and IIe'' ISBN 0-672-21822-4

''Book-On-Demand Resource Kit''

''Lancaster's Active Filter Cookbook'' (Butterworth-Heinemann, August 1996). Paperback ISBN 0-7506-2986-X

''The Case Against Patents : Selected Reprints from "Midnight Engineering" & "Nuts & Volts" Magazines'' (Synergetics Press, January 1996). Paperback ISBN 1-882193-71-7

External links

Don Lancaster's Guru's Lair (official site)

Don's general bio

Don's detailed bio

Category:People from Graham County, Arizona Category:American technology writers Category:Lafayette College alumni Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

it:Don Lancaster he:דון לנקסטר pt:Don Lancaster

name	Seamus Heaney
birth date	April 13, 1939
birth place	Bellaghy, Northern Ireland
occupation	Poet, playwright, translator
period	1966 – present
awards
influences	Dante Alighieri, Lord Byron, Geoffrey Chaucer, T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Ted Hughes, Patrick Kavanagh, John Keats, Michael MacLaverty, Derek Mahon, Wilfred Owen, Samuel Palmer, Rainer Maria Rilke, William Shakespeare, J.M. Synge, Virgil, William Wordsworth, W. B. Yeats
influenced	Eavan Boland, Giannina Braschi, Medbh McGuckian, Paul Muldoon, Dennis Nurkse, Edna O'Brien, Owen Sheers }}

Seamus Heaney (; born 13 April 1939) is an Irish poet, playwright, translator, lecturer and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born at Mossbawn farmhouse between Castledawson and Toomebridge, he now resides in Dublin.

As well as the Nobel Prize in Literature, Heaney has received the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize (1968), the E. M. Forster Award (1975), the Golden Wreath of Poetry (2001), T. S. Eliot Prize (2006) and two Whitbread Prizes (1996 and 1999). He has been a member of Aosdána since its foundation and has been Saoi since 1997. He was both the Harvard and the Oxford Professor of Poetry and was made a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et Lettres in 1996. Heaney's personal papers are held by the National Library of Ireland.

Robert Lowell called him "the most important Irish poet since Yeats" and many others, including the academic John Sutherland, have echoed the sentiment that he is "the greatest poet of our age".

Early life

Heaney was born on 13 April 1939 at the family farmhouse called Mossbawn, between Castledawson and Toomebridge in Northern Ireland; he was the first of nine children. In 1953, his family moved to Bellaghy, a few miles away, which is now the family home. His father, Patrick Heaney, a local of Castledawson, was the eighth child of ten born to James and Sarah Heaney. Patrick was a farmer but his real commitment was to cattle-dealing, to which he was introduced by the uncles who had cared for him after the early death of his own parents. Heaney's mother came from the McCann family, whose uncles and relations were employed in the local linen mill and whose aunt had worked as a maid for the mill owner's family. The poet has commented on the fact that his parentage thus contains both the Ireland of the cattle-herding Gaelic past and the Ulster of the Industrial Revolution; he considers this to have been a significant tension in his background.

Heaney initially attended Anahorish Primary School and when he was twelve years-old, he won a scholarship to St. Columb's College, a Catholic boarding school situated in Derry. Heaney's brother, Christopher, was killed in a road accident at the age of four while Heaney was studying at St. Columb's. The poems "Mid-Term Break" and "The Blackbird of Glanmore" focus on the death of Christopher.

Career

1957-1969

In 1957, Heaney travelled to Belfast to study English Language and Literature at Queen's University Belfast. During his time in Belfast he found a copy of Ted Hughes's ''Lupercal'', which spurred him to write poetry. "Suddenly, the matter of contemporary poetry was the material of my own life" he has said. He graduated in 1961 with a First Class Honours degree. During teacher training at St Joseph's Teacher Training College in Belfast (now merged with St Mary's, University College), Heaney went on a placement to St Thomas' secondary Intermediate School in west Belfast. The headmaster of this school was the writer Michael McLaverty from County Monaghan, who introduced Heaney to the poetry of Patrick Kavanagh. With McLaverty's mentorship, Heaney first started to publish poetry, beginning in 1962. Hillal describes how McLaverty was like a foster father to the younger Belfast poet. In the introduction to McLaverty's ''Collected works'', Heaney summarised the poet's contribution and influence: "His voice was modestly pitched, he never sought the limelight, yet for all that, his place in our literature is secure." Heaney's poem ''Fosterage'', in the sequence ''Singing School'' from ''North'' (1975) is dedicated to him.

In 1963, Heaney became a lecturer at St Joseph's and in the spring of 1963, after contributing various articles to local magazines, he came to the attention of Philip Hobsbaum, then an English lecturer at Queen's University. Hobsbaum was to set up a Belfast Group of local young poets (to mirror the success he had with the London group) and this would bring Heaney into contact with other Belfast poets such as Derek Mahon and Michael Longley. In August 1965 he married Marie Devlin, a school teacher and native of Ardboe, County Tyrone. (Devlin is a writer herself and, in 1994, published ''Over Nine Waves'', a collection of traditional Irish myths and legends.) Heaney's first book, ''Eleven Poems'', was published in November 1965 for the Queen's University Festival. In 1966, Faber and Faber published his first major volume, called ''Death of a Naturalist''. This collection met with much critical acclaim and went on to win several awards, the Gregory Award for Young Writers and the Geoffrey Faber Prize. Also in 1966, he was appointed as a lecturer in Modern English Literature at Queen's University Belfast and his first son, Michael, was born. A second son, Christopher, was born in 1968. That same year, with Michael Longley, Heaney took part in a reading tour called ''Room to Rhyme'', which led to much exposure for the poet's work. In 1969, his second major volume, ''Door into the Dark'', was published.

1970-1984

After a spell as guest lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley, he returned to Queen's University in 1971. In 1972, Heaney left his lectureship at Belfast and moved to Dublin in the Republic of Ireland, working as a teacher at Carysfort College. In 1972, ''Wintering Out'' was published, and over the next few years Heaney began to give readings throughout Ireland, Britain, and the United States.

In 1975, Heaney published his fourth volume, ''North''. Also published was ''Stations''. He became Head of English at Carysfort College in Dublin in 1976. His next volume, ''Field Work'', was published in 1979. ''Selected Poems 1965-1975'' and ''Preoccupations: Selected Prose 1968-1978'' were published in 1980. When Aosdána, the national Irish Arts Council, was established in 1981, Heaney was among those elected into its first group (he was subsequently elected a Saoi, one of its five elders and its highest honour, in 1997). Also in 1981, he left Carysfort to become visiting professor at Harvard University, where he was affiliated with Adams House. He was awarded two honorary doctorates, from Queen's University and from Fordham University in New York City (1982). At the Fordham commencement ceremony in 1982, Heaney delivered the commencement address in a 46-stanza poem entitled ''Verses for a Fordham Commencement''.

As he was born and educated in Northern Ireland, Heaney has felt the need to emphasise that he is Irish and not British. Following the success of the Field Day Theatre Company's production of Brian Friel's ''Translations'', Heaney joined the company's expanded Board of Directors in 1981, when the company's founders Brian Friel and Stephen Rea decided to make the company a permanent group. In 1984 his mother, Margaret Kathleen Heaney, died.

1985-1999

Heaney was Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard University (formerly Visiting Professor) 1985-1997 and Ralph Waldo Emerson Poet in Residence at Harvard 1998-2006. In 1986, Heaney received a Litt.D. from Bates College. His father, Patrick, died soon after publication of the 1987 volume, ''The Haw Lantern''. In 1988, a collection of critical essays called ''The Government of the Tongue'' was published.

In 1989, Heaney was elected Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford, which he held for a five-year term to 1994. The chair does not require residence in Oxford, and throughout this period he was dividing his time between Ireland and America. He also continued to give public readings; so well attended and keenly anticipated were these events that those who queued for tickets with such enthusiasm have sometimes been dubbed "Heaneyboppers", suggesting an almost teenybopper fanaticism on the part of his supporters. In 1993, Heaney guest-edited The Mays Anthology, a collection of new writing from students at the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge. In 1990, ''The Cure at Troy'', a play based on Sophocles's ''Philoctetes'', was published to much acclaim, followed by ''Seeing Things'' in 1991.

Heaney was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995 for what the Nobel committee described as "works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past". He was on holiday in Greece with his wife when the news broke and no one, not even journalists or his own children, could find him until he appeared at Dublin Airport two days later, though an Irish television camera traced him to Kalamata. Asked how it felt having his name to the Irish Nobel pantheon featuring William Butler Yeats, George Bernard Shaw and Samuel Beckett, Heaney responded: "It's like being a little foothill at the bottom of a mountain range. You hope you just live up to it. It's extraordinary." He and Marie were immediately whisked straight from the airport to Áras an Uachtaráin for champagne with the then President Mary Robinson.

Heaney's 1996 collection ''The Spirit Level'' won the Whitbread Book of the Year Award and repeated the success with the release of ''Beowulf: A New Translation''.

2000s

In 2000, Heaney was awarded an honorary doctorate and delivered the commencement address at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002, Heaney was awarded an honorary doctorate from Rhodes University and delivered a public lecture on "The Guttural Muse".

In 2003, the Seamus Heaney Centre for Poetry was opened at Queen's University Belfast. It houses the Heaney Media Archive, a record of Heaney's entire oeuvre, along with a full catalogue of his radio and television presentations. That same year Heaney, decided to lodge a substantial portion of his literary archive at Emory University, as a memorial to the work of William M. Chace, the university's recently retired president. The Emory papers represented the largest repository of Heaney's work (1964-2003), donated to build their large existing archive from Irish writers including Yeats, Paul Muldoon, Ciaran Carson, Michael Longley and other members of the The Belfast Group.

In 2003, when asked if there was any figure in popular culture who aroused interest in poetry and lyrics, Heaney praised rap artist Eminem, saying "He has created a sense of what is possible. He has sent a voltage around a generation. He has done this not just through his subversive attitude but also his verbal energy." Heaney was named an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society, Trinity College, Dublin and was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (1991). He composed the poem "Beacons of Bealtaine" for the 2004 EU Enlargement. The poem was read by Heaney at a ceremony for the twenty-five leaders of the enlarged European Union arranged by the Irish EU presidency.

Heaney suffered a stroke from which he recovered in August 2006, but cancelled all public engagements for several months. He was in County Donegal at the time on the occasion of the 75th birthday of Anne Friel, playwright Brian Friel's wife. He read the works of Henning Mankell, Donna Leon and Robert Harris while in hospital, and was visited at the time by Bill Clinton.

Heaney's ''District and Circle'' won the 2006 T. S. Eliot Prize. He became artist of honour in Østermarie, Denmark in 2008 and the Seamus Heaney Stræde (street) was named after him. In 2009, Heaney was presented with an Honorary-Life Membership award from the UCD Law Society, in recognition of his remarkable role as a literary figure. ''Stepping Stones: Interviews with Seamus Heaney'' by Dennis O'Driscoll was published by Faber & Faber in 2008 and has been described as the nearest thing to an autobiography of the poet. Heaney was awarded the David Cohen Prize for Literature in 2009. He spoke at the West Belfast Festival 2010 in celebration of his mentor, the poet and novelist Michael MacLaverty, who had helped Heaney to first publish his poetry.

2010s

In 2010, Faber published ''Human Chain'', Heaney's twelfth collection. ''Human Chain'' was awarded the Forward Prize for the Best Collection, one of the only major poetry prizes Heaney had never previously won, despite having been twice shortlisted. The book, published 44 years after the poet's first, was inspired in part by Heaney's stroke in 2006 which left him "babyish" and "on the brink". Poet and Forward judge Ruth Padel described the work as "a collection of painful, honest, and delicately weighted poems...a wonderful and humane achievement". Writer Colm Tóibín described ''Human Chain'' as "his best single volume for many years, and one that contains some of the best poems he has written... is a book of shades and memories, of things whispered, of journeys into the underworld, of elegies and translations, of echoes and silences." In October 2010, the collection, a Poetry Book Society Choice, was shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize.

Heaney was named one of "Britain's top 300 intellectuals" by ''The Observer'' in 2011, though the newspaper later published a correction acknowledging that "several individuals who would not claim to be British" had been featured, of which Heaney was one. That same year, he contributed translations of Old Irish marginalia for ''Songs of the Scribe'', an album by Traditional Singer in Residence of the Seamus Heaney Centre for Poetry, Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin. In December 2011, he donated his personal literary notes to the National Library of Ireland.

Work

Heaney's books make up two-thirds of the sales of living poets in the UK. His work often deals with the local surroundings of Ireland, particularly in Northern Ireland, where he was born. Speaking of his early life and education, he commented "I learned that my local County Derry experience, which I had considered archaic and irrelevant to 'the modern world' was to be trusted. They taught me that trust and helped me to articulate it." ''Death of a Naturalist'' (1966) and ''Door into the Dark'' (1969) mostly focus on the detail of rural, parochial life. Allusions to sectarian difference, widespread in Northern Ireland through his lifetime, can be found in his poems. His books Wintering Out (1973) and North (1975) seek to interweave commentary on 'The Troubles' with a historical context and wider human experience. Whilst some critics have accused Heaney of being "an apologist and a mythologizer" of the violence, Blake Morrison suggests the poet "has written poems directly about the Troubles as well as elegies for friends and acquaintances who have died in them; he has tried to discover a historical framework in which to interpret the current unrest; and he has taken on the mantle of public spokesman, someone looked to for comment and guidance... Yet he has also shown signs of deeply resenting this role, defending the right of poets to be private and apolitical, and questioning the extent to which poetry, however 'committed,' can influence the course of history." Shaun O'Connell in the ''New Boston Review'' notes that "those who see Seamus Heaney as a symbol of hope in a troubled land are not, of course, wrong to do so, though they may be missing much of the undercutting complexities of his poetry, the backwash of ironies which make him as bleak as he is bright." O'Connell notes in his ''Boston Review'' critique of ''Station Island'': "Again and again Heaney pulls back from political purposes; despite its emblems of savagery, ''Station Island'' lends no rhetorical comfort to Republicanism. Politic about politics, ''Station Island'' is less about a united Ireland than about a poet seeking religious and aesthetic unity". Heaney is described by critic Terry Eagleton as "an enlightened cosmopolitan liberal", refusing to be drawn. Eagleton suggests: "When the political is introduced... it is only in the context of what Heaney will or will not say." Reflections on what Heaney identifies as "tribal conflict", favour the description of people's lives and their voices, drawing out the 'psychic landscape'. His collections often recall the assassination of his family members and close friends, lynchings and bombings. Colm Tóibín wrote, "throughout his career there have been poems of simple evocation and description. His refusal to sum up or offer meaning is part of his tact."

Heaney published “Requiem for the Croppies” on the 50th anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising, a poem that commemorates the Irish rebels of 1798. He has read the poem to both Catholic and Protestant audiences in Ireland. He commented "To read ‘'Requiem for the Croppies'’ wasn't to say ‘up the IRA’ or anything. It was silence-breaking rather than rabble-rousing.” He stated “You don’t have to love it. You just have to permit it.” He turned down the offer of laureateship partly for political reasons, commenting "I’ve nothing against the Queen personally: I had lunch at the Palace once upon a time". He stated that his "cultural starting point" was "off centre". His most commonly cited political statement came in 1982 when he objected to being included in an anthology of British poetry, despite being of Northern Irish birth. He has lived in the Republic of Ireland since 1972 and claimed his Irish rather than British nationality, responding “Be advised my passport’s green. No glass of ours was ever raised to toast the Queen.”

He is concerned as a poet and a translator, with the English language itself, as it is spoken in Ireland but also as spoken elsewhere and in other times; the Anglo-Saxon influences in his work and study are strong. Critic W. S. Di Piero noted "Whatever the occasion, childhood, farm life, politics and culture in Northern Ireland, other poets past and present, Heaney strikes time and again at the taproot of language, examining its genetic structures, trying to discover how it has served, in all its changes, as a culture bearer, a world to contain imaginations, at once a rhetorical weapon and nutriment of spirit. He writes of these matters with rare discrimination and resourcefulness, and a winning impatience with received wisdom." Heaney's first translation came with the Irish lyric poem "Buile Suibhne", published as ''Sweeney Astray: A Version from the Irish'' (1984), a character and connection taken up in ''Station Island'' (1984). Heaney's prize-winning translation of ''Beowulf'' (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2000, Whitbread Book of the Year Award) was seen as ground-breaking in its use of modern language melded with the original Anglo-Saxon 'music'. His works of drama includes ''The Cure at Troy: A Version of Sophocles' Philoctetes'' (1991). Heaney's 2004 play ''The Burial at Thebes'' makes parallels between Creon with the foreign policies of the Bush administration.

Heaney's engagement with poetry as a necessary engine for cultural and personal change, is reflected in his prose works ''The Redress of Poetry'' (1995) and ''Finders Keepers: Selected Prose, 1971-2001 (2002)''. "When a poem rhymes," Heaney wrote, "when a form generates itself, when a metre provokes consciousness into new postures, it is already on the side of life. When a rhyme surprises and extends the fixed relations between words, that in itself protests against necessity. When language does more than enough, as it does in all achieved poetry, it opts for the condition of overlife, and rebels at limit." He expands: "The vision of reality which poetry offers should be transformative, more than just a printout of the given circumstances of its time and place".

Heaney's work is used extensively on school syllabi internationally, including the anthologies ''The Rattle Bag'' (1982) and ''The School Bag'' (1987) (both edited with Ted Hughes). Originally entitled ''The Faber Book of Verse for Younger People'' on the Faber contract, Hughes and Heaney decided the ''The Rattle Bag'''s main purpose was to offer enjoyment to the reader: "Arbitrary riches". Heaney commented "the book in our heads was something closer to ''The Fancy Free Poetry Supplement''". It included work that they would have liked to encountered sooner as well as nonsense rhymes, ballad-type poems, riddles, folk songs and rhythmical jingles. Much familiar canonical work was not included, since they took it for granted that their audience would know the standard fare. Fifteen years later ''The School Bag'' aimed at something different. The foreword stated that they wanted "less of a carnival, more like a checklist." It included poems in English, Irish, Welsh, Scots and Scots Gaelic, together with work reflecting the African-American experience.

Publications

Poetry: main collections

1966: ''Death of a Naturalist'', Faber & Faber

1969: ''Door into the Dark'', Faber & Faber

1972: ''Wintering Out'', Faber & Faber

1975: ''Stations'', Ulsterman

1975: ''North'', Faber & Faber

1979: ''Field Work'', Faber & Faber

1984: ''Station Island'', Faber & Faber

1987: ''The Haw Lantern'', Faber & Faber

1991: ''Seeing Things'', Faber & Faber

1996: ''The Spirit Level'', Faber & Faber

2001: ''Electric Light'', Faber & Faber

2006: ''District and Circle'', Faber & Faber

2010: ''Human Chain'', Faber & Faber

Poetry: collected editions

1980: ''Selected Poems 1965-1975'', Faber & Faber

1990: ''New Selected Poems 1966-1987'', Faber & Faber

1998: ''Opened Ground: Poems 1966-1996'', Faber & Faber

Prose: main collections

1980: ''Preoccupations: Selected Prose 1968-1978'', Faber & Faber

1988: ''The Government of the Tongue'', Faber & Faber

1995: ''The Redress of Poetry: Oxford Lectures'', Faber & Faber

2002: ''Finders Keepers: Selected Prose 1971-2001'', Faber & Faber

Plays

1990: ''The Cure at Troy'' A version of Sophocles' ''Philoctetes'', Field Day

2004: ''The Burial at Thebes'' A version of Sophocles' ''Antigone'', Faber & Faber

Translations

1983: ''Sweeney Astray: A version from the Irish'', Field Day

1992: ''Sweeney's Flight'' (with Rachel Giese, photographer), Faber & Faber

1993: ''The Midnight Verdict'': Translations from the Irish of Brian Merriman and from the ''Metamorphoses'' of Ovid, Gallery Press

1995: ''Laments'', a cycle of Polish Renaissance elegies by Jan Kochanowski, translated with Stanisław Barańczak, Faber & Faber

1999: ''Beowulf'', Faber & Faber

1999: ''Diary of One Who Vanished'', a song cycle by Leoš Janáček of poems by Ozef Kalda, Faber & Faber

2002: ''Hallaig'', Sorley MacLean Trust

2002: ''Arion'', a poem by Alexander Pushkin, translated from the Russian, with a note by Olga Carlisle, Arion Press

2004: ''The Testament of Cresseid'', Enitharmon Press

2004: ''Columcille The Scribe'', The Royal Irish Academy

2009: ''The Testament of Cresseid & Seven Fables'', Faber & Faber

Limited editions and booklets (poetry and prose)

1965: ''Eleven Poems'', Queen's University

1968: ''The Island People'', BBC

1968: ''Room to Rhyme'', Arts Council N.I.

1969: ''A Lough Neagh Sequence'', Phoenix

1970: ''Night Drive'', Gilbertson

1970: ''A Boy Driving His Father to Confession'', Sceptre Press

1973: ''Explorations'', BBC

1975: ''Stations'', Ulsterman Publications

1975: ''Bog Poems'', Rainbow Press

1975: ''The Fire i' the Flint'', Oxford University Press

1976: ''Four Poems'', Crannog Press

1977: ''Glanmore Sonnets'', Editions Monika Beck

1977: ''In Their Element'', Arts Council N.I.

1978: ''Robert Lowell: A Memorial Address and an Elegy'', Faber & Faber

1978: ''The Makings of a Music'', University of Liverpool

1978: ''After Summer'', Gallery Press

1979: ''Hedge School'', Janus Press

1979: ''Ugolino'', Carpenter Press

1979: ''Gravities'', Charlotte Press

1979: ''A Family Album'', Byron Press

1980: ''Toome'', National College of Art and Design

1981: ''Sweeney Praises the Trees'', Henry Pearson

1982: ''A Personal Selection'', Ulster Museum

1982: ''Poems and a Memoir'', Limited Editions Club

1983: ''An Open Letter'', Field Day

1983: ''Among Schoolchildren'', Queen's University

1984: ''Verses for a Fordham Commencement'', Nadja Press

1984: ''Hailstones'', Gallery Press

1985: ''From the Republic of Conscience'', Amnesty International

1985: ''Place and Displacement'', Dove Cottage

1985: ''Towards a Collaboration'', Arts Council N.I.

1986: ''Clearances'', Cornamona Press

1988: ''Readings in Contemporary Poetry'', DIA Art Foundation

1988: ''The Sounds of Rain'', Emory University

1989: ''An Upstairs Outlook'', Linen Hall Library

1989: ''The Place of Writing'', Emory University

1990: ''The Tree Clock'', Linen Hall Library

1991: ''Squarings'', Hieroglyph Editions

1992: ''Dylan the Durable'', Bennington College

1992: ''The Gravel Walks'', Lenoir Rhyne College

1992: ''The Golden Bough'', Bonnefant Press

1993: ''Keeping Going'', Bow and Arrow Press

1993: ''Joy or Night'', University of Swansea

1994: ''Extending the Alphabet'', Memorial University of Newfoundland

1994: ''Speranza in Reading'', University of Tasmania

1995: ''Oscar Wilde Dedication'', Westminster Abbey

1995: ''Charles Montgomery Monteith'', All Souls College

1995: ''Crediting Poetry: The Nobel Lecture'', Gallery Press

1997: ''Poet to Blacksmith'', Pim Witteveen

1998: ''Commencement Address'', UNC Chapel Hill

1998: ''Audenesque'', Maeght

1999: ''The Light of the Leaves'', Bonnefant Press

2001: ''Something to Write Home About'', Flying Fox

2002: ''Hope and History'', Rhodes University

2002: ''Ecologues in Extremis'', Royal Irish Academy

2002: ''A Keen for the Coins'', Lenoir Rhyne College

2003: ''Squarings'', Arion Press

2004: ''Anything can Happen'', Town House Publishers

2005: ''The Door Stands Open'', Irish Writers Centre

2005: ''A Shiver'', Clutag Press

2007: ''The Riverbank Field'', Gallery Press

2008: ''Articulations'', Royal Irish Academy

2008: ''One on a Side'', Robert Frost Foundation

2009: ''Spelling It Out'', Gallery Press

Critical studies of Heaney

1993: ''The Poetry of Seamus Heaney'' ed. by Elmer Andrews, ISBN 0-231-11926-7

1993: ''Seamus Heaney: The Making of the Poet'' by Michael Parker, ISBN 0-333-47181-4

1995: ''Critical essays on Seamus Heaney'' ed. by Robert F. Garratt, ISBN 0-7838-0004-5

1998: ''The Poetry of Seamus Heaney: A Critical Study'' by Neil Corcoran, ISBN 0-571-17747-6

2000: ''Seamus Heaney'' by Helen Vendler, ISBN 0-674-00205-9, Harvard University Press

2003: Seamus Heaney and the Place of Writing by Eugene O'Brien, University Press of Florida, ISBN 0-8130-2582-6

2004: Seamus Heaney Searches for Answers by Eugene O'Brien, Pluto Press: London, ISBN 0-7453-1734-0

2007: ''Seamus Heaney and the Emblems of Hope'' by Karen Marguerite Moloney, ISBN 978-0-8262-1744-8

2007: Seamus Heaney: Creating Irelands of the Mind by Eugene O'Brien, Liffey Press, Dublin, ISBN 1-904148-02-6

2009: ''The Cambridge Companion to Seamus Heaney'' edited by Bernard O'Donoghue

2010: '' Poetry and Peace: Michael Longley, Seamus Heaney, and Northern Ireland'' by Richard Rankin Russell ISBN 978-0-268-04031-4

2010: '' Defending Poetry: Art and Ethics in Joseph Brodsky, Seamus Heaney, and Geoffrey Hill'' by David-Antoine Williams

2010: “Working Nation(s): Seamus Heaney’s ‘Digging’ and the Work Ethic in Post-Colonial and Minority Writing”, by Ivan Cañadas

2011: "Seamus Heaney and ''Beowulf''," by M.J. Toswell, in: ''Cahier Calin: Makers of the Middle Ages. Essays in Honor of William Calin'', ed. Richard Utz and Elizabeth Emery (Kalamazoo, MI: Studies in Medievalism, 2011), pp. 18–22.

Selected discography

2003 ''The Poet & The Piper'' - Seamus Heaney & Liam O'Flynn

2009 ''Collected Poems'' - Recording of Heaney reading all of his collected poems

Major prizes and honours

1966 Eric Gregory Award

1967 Cholmondeley Award

1968 Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize

1975 E. M. Forster Award

1975 Duff Cooper Memorial Prize

1995 Nobel Prize for Literature

1996 Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

2001 Golden Wreath of Poetry, the main international award given by Struga Poetry Evenings to a world renowned living poet for life achievement in the field of poetry

2006 T. S. Eliot Prize for ''District and Circle''

2007 Poetry Now Award for ''District and Circle''

2009 David Cohen Prize

2011 Poetry Now Award for ''Human Chain''

2011 Griffin Poetry Prize finalist for ''Human Chain''

2011 Bob Hughes Lifetime Achievement Award

See also

List of Nobel laureates in Literature

List of people on stamps of Ireland

Faber and Faber (Heaney's U.K. publisher)

References

External links

Seamus Heaney at Aosdána

Seamus Heaney at Nobelprize.org

Seamus Heaney at the Poetry Foundation

Seamus Heaney at the Poetry Archive

Seamus Heaney at the Academy for American Poets

Portraits of Heaney at the National Portrait Gallery, London

Seamus Heaney Beowulf Papers at Queen's University Belfast

Video readings

Heaney's Nobel acceptance speech

.

Lannan Foundation reading and conversation with Dennis O'Driscoll, 1 October 2003. (Audio / video (40 mins). Prose transcript.

Seamus Heaney reading at the launch of ''Archipelago magazine'' in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 9 October 2007. (11 mins, audio).

Seamus Heaney reads "Deor" from ''The Word Exchange: Anglo-Saxon Poems in Translation''. Written and audio. Retrieved 2011-1-1

"History and the homeland" video from ''The New Yorker''. 15 October 2008 Paul Muldoon, interviews Heaney. (1 hr).

Griffin Poetry Prize biography of Seamus Heaney, including video clip of reading from ''Human Chain''

Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:Alumni of Queen's University Belfast Category:Aosdána members Category:David Cohen Prize recipients Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Northern Ireland Category:Essayists from Northern Ireland Category:Formalist poets Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Irish translators Category:Irish Nobel laureates Category:Nobel laureates from Northern Ireland Category:Nobel laureates in Literature Category:People from County Londonderry Category:People of the Year Awards winners Category:Poets from Northern Ireland Category:Translators from Old English Category:Translators from Polish Category:Irish poets Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature Category:Poetry by Seamus Heaney Category:Cholmondeley Award winners Category:Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford Category:People educated at St Columb's College Category:Translators from Irish

ar:شيموس هيني an:Seamus Heaney az:Şeymas Hini bn:শেমাস্‌ হীনি be:Шэймас Хіні be-x-old:Шэймас Гіні bg:Шеймъс Хийни br:Seamus Heaney ca:Seamus Heaney cs:Seamus Heaney cy:Seamus Heaney da:Seamus Heaney de:Seamus Heaney et:Seamus Heaney es:Seamus Heaney ext:Seamus Heaney eu:Seamus Heaney fa:شیموس هینی fr:Seamus Heaney ga:Seamus Heaney gd:Seamus Heaney gl:Seamus Heaney ko:셰이머스 히니 hy:Շեյմաս Հինի hi:सेमस हेनी hr:Seamus Heaney io:Seamus Heaney ilo:Seamus Heaney id:Seamus Heaney is:Seamus Heaney it:Séamus Heaney he:שיימוס היני sw:Seamus Heaney ku:Seamus Heaney la:Seamus Heaney lv:Šeimuss Hīnijs lt:Seamus Heaney hu:Seamus Heaney nl:Seamus Heaney ja:シェイマス・ヒーニー no:Seamus Heaney nn:Seamus Heaney oc:Seamus Heaney pnb:سیماس ہینی pl:Seamus Heaney pt:Seamus Heaney ro:Seamus Heaney ru:Хини, Шеймас simple:Seamus Heaney sk:Seamus Heaney sr:Шејмус Хини fi:Seamus Heaney sv:Seamus Heaney tr:Seamus Heaney uk:Шеймас Гіні vi:Seamus Heaney yo:Seamus Heaney zh:谢默斯·希尼

name	Shop Boyz
background	group_or_band
alias	The Boyz of Shop
origin	Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
genre	Hip Hop, Southern Rap, Rap Rock
years active	2004-2010
label	OnDeck Records/Universal Republic
associated acts	DJ Drama, Mims, Lil Boosie
website	http://www.shopboyzonline.com
current members	MeanieFatSheed
past members	Rich Shoo }}

The Shop Boyz are an Atlanta-based hip hop group, originating from the Kings Glen Trail in Decatur.They relocated to Des Plaines, Illinois during the early nineties. They are most known for their single "Party Like a Rockstar" from their debut album ''Rockstar Mentality''. The group is composed of Demetrius "Meany" Hardin, Richard "Fat" Stevens and Rasheed "Sheed" Hightower. In mid-2008, Rich "Shoo" left the group of a battle with Sheed.

Rockstar Mentality

The group's debut album, ''Rockstar Mentality'', was released through OnDeck Records, an imprint of Universal Records on June 19, 2007. The lead single, "Party Like a Rockstar," charted on the ''Billboard'' rap charts as well as "Rocking My New Hair Do" and the Hot 100 (peaking at #2 on the Charts). "Party Like a Rockstar" was the number one selling ringtone of 2007. Despite the success of "Party Like A Rockstar", the album sold fewer than 200,000 copies as of August 24, 2007.

Shop Boyz performed at CollegeFest 2007 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Album details	Peak chartpositions
		! width="30"	! width="30"	! width="30"
2007		* Release date: June 19, 2007	* Label: Universal Republic	11	4	2

Singles

Year	Song	Peak chart positions					Album
		! width="30"	! width="30"	! width="30"	! width="30"	! width="30"
		2	3	1	10	23
	—	111	—	—	—
2008		—	79	—	—	—

References

External links

Official website

Even Rappers Want to Be Rock Stars, ''The New York Times''. Published April 22, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2007.

Shop Boyz Category:American hip hop groups Category:Rappers from Atlanta, Georgia Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia Category:Southern hip hop groups

de:Shop Boyz pt:Shop Boyz

name	Albert Lamorisse
birth date	January 13, 1922
birth place	Paris, France
death date	June 02, 1970
death place	Tehran, Iran
occupation	Writer, Screenwriter, Director, Producer, Game Designer
yearsactive	1947-1970 }}

Albert Lamorisse (; 1922–1970) was a French filmmaker, film producer, and writer, who is best known for his award winning short films which he began making in the late 1940s, and also for inventing the famous strategic board game Risk in 1957. He was born in Paris, France.

He first came into prominence - just after ''Bim'' - for directing and producing ''White Mane'' (1953), an award winning short film that tells a fable of how a young boy befriends an untamable wild white stallion in the marshes of Camargue (the ''Petite Camargue'').

His best known work is the short film ''The Red Balloon'' (1956), which earned him the ''Palme d'Or'' Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and an Oscar for writing the best original screenplay in 1956.

Lamorisse also wrote, directed and produced the well-regarded films ''Stowaway in the Sky'' (1960) and ''Circus Angel'', as well as the documentaries ''Versailles'' and ''Paris Jamais Vu.'' In addition to films, he created the popular strategy board game ''Risk'' in 1957.

Lamorisse and his wife had three children: Pascal, a son, and two daughters named Sabine and Fanny. Pascal and Sabine were featured in ''The Red Balloon''. Albert Lamorisse died in a helicopter crash while filming the documentary ''Le Vent des amoureux'' (''The Lovers' Wind),'' during a helicopter-tour of Iran in 1970. His son and his widow completed the film, based on his production notes, and released the film eight years later, in 1978. It was nominated for a posthumous Oscar for best documentary.

Director filmography

Short films

''Bim'' (1950) ... aka ''Bim, le petit âne'' (France)

''Crin-Blanc'' (1953) ... aka ''White Mane'' (USA) and ''Wild Stallion''

''Le Ballon rouge'' (1956) ... aka ''The Red Balloon''

Feature films

''Le Voyage en ballon'' (1960); ... aka ''Stowaway in the Sky''

''Fifi la plume'' (1965) ... aka ''Circus Angel'' (USA: TV title)

''Le Vent des amoureux''

Documentaries

''Djerba'' (1947)

''Versailles'' (1967)

''Paris jamais vu'' (1967)

''Le Vent des amoureux'' (1978) ... aka ''The Lovers' Wind''

Awards

Wins

Cannes Film Festival: ''Palme d'Or'', ''White Mane'', Best Short Film, Albert Lamorisse; 1953.

Prix Jean Vigo: Prix Jean Vigo, ''White Mane'', Short Film, Albert Lamorisse; 1953.

Prix Louis Delluc: Prix Louis Delluc; ''The Red Balloon'', Albert Lamorisse; 1956. Cannes Film Festival: ''Palme d'Or du court métrage''/Golden Palm; ''The Red Balloon'', Best Short Film, Albert Lamorisse; 1956. Academy Awards: Oscar; ''The Red Balloon'', Best Writing, Best Original Screenplay, Albert Lamorisse; 1957. British Academy of Film and Television Arts: BAFTA Award; ''The Red Balloon'', Special Award, France; 1957.

Venice Film Festival: OCIC Award; ''Le Voyage en ballon''; 1960.

Cannes Film Festival: Technical Grand Prize; ''Fifi la plume'', 1965.

Cannes Film Festival: Technical Grand Prize - Special Mention; ''Versailles''; 1967.

National Board of Review: Top Foreign Films; ''The Red Balloon'',1957.

Nominations

British Academy of Film and Television Arts: BAFTA Film Award, ''White Mane'', Best Documentary Film, France; 1954.

Venice Film Festival: Golden Lion; ''Le Voyage en ballon''; 1960.

Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm; ''Fifi la plume''; 1965.

Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm; Best Short Film, ''Versailles''; 1967.

Academy Awards: Oscar; Best Documentary, Features, ''Le Vent des amoureux''; 1979.

References

External links

Albert Lamorisse at Google Books

Albert Lamorisse at Cinema Encyclopedie

Category:1922 births Category:1970 deaths Category:Best Original Screenplay Academy Award winners Category:Board game designers Category:French film directors Category:Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents Category:People from Paris Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Iran

ca:Albert Lamorisse de:Albert Lamorisse es:Albert Lamorisse fa:آلبرت لاموریس fr:Albert Lamorisse it:Albert Lamorisse ja:アルベール・ラモリス ru:Ламорис, Альбер tr:Albert Lamorisse