Type	region
Native name	Telangana
State name	Andhra Pradesh
Largest city	Hyderabad
Skyline	India Telangana locator map.svg
Skyline caption	Map of India with the Telangana region highlighted in red
Official languages	Telugu
Area total	114840
Area total cite
Population total	35286757
Population as of	2011
Population density cite	}}

Telangana which literally means Land of Telugu people, is a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh, India and formerly was part of Hyderabad state which was ruled by the Nizams. It is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west, Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Orissa to the east. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions of which Telengana is one; others include Coastal Andhra region in the east and Rayalaseema region in the south. The Telangana region has an area of , and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census) which is 41.6% of Andhra Pradesh state population.

The Telangana region comprises 10 districts: Hyderabad, Adilabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.

Since Telangana was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state in 1956, there were several agitations in Telangana to invalidate the merger and to form Telangana state. On December 9, 2009, Government of India announced process of formation of Telangana state. Due to objections raised in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions immediately after the announcement, and due to the agitation in those regions for 14 days, the decision to form to new state was put on hold on December 23, 2009. Since December 2009, Telangana movement intensified and it continue to dominate the state politics and is the cause of instability in the region.

History

After the decline of the influential Mauryan Empire, the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE), the first great Telugu empire, came to be the dominant power in the region. It originated from the lands between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers. Kotilingala in Karimnagar was their first capital, before moving to Dharanikota. Excavations at Kotilingala revealed coinage of Simukha, the first Satavahana emperor. The Satavahana Empire was important in repelling foreign empires from India, such as the Kushans, Sakas and Greeks, thereby preserving Indian culture.

The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty, a Telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh from 1083 to 1323 AD. Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas, and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Cholas, who accepted his suzerainty in the year 1210. He established order in his vast dominion that stretched from the Godavari delta in the east to Raichur (in modern day Karnataka) in the west and from Karimnagar and Bastar (in modern day Chattisgarh) in the north to Srisailam and Tripurantakam, near Ongole, in the south. It was during his reign that the Golkonda fort was constructed. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty.

The region came under the Muslim rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by Bahmanis, Qutb Shahis, and the Mughals. It was during this period that the region was devastated by severe drought which lasted for many years. It caused severe water shortage in the Golconda fort and hence led to the construction of Hyderabad city on the banks of river Musi. In the reign of the Asaf jahi dynasty Hyderabad reached to the peak of its glory. Lot of migrants came from various parts of subcontinent and settled here making it the most cosmopolitan city of Indian sub continent. on the ruins of Kakatiya glory new city called Hanama konda was built in the region by two brothers Hanumaih and Kondaih. Lot of industries like Azam Jahi mills, Singareni colleries, Nizam sugars spurred in the region in the time of Nizams however most of these were closed down post merger in India.

Hyderabad city never saw a single communal riot in the time of Nizams and was known for its Ganga Jamuna culture, but once Andhra Pradesh was formed it became one of the most communal sensitive cities in India. Later, Hyderabad entered into a treaty of subsidiary alliance with the British Empire, and was the largest and most populous princely state in India. Telangana never came under direct British rule, unlike the Circars and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of British India's Madras Presidency.

Telangana Rebellion

The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt which was later supported by the Communists. It took place in the former princely state of Hyderabad between 1946 and 1951. This was led by the Communist Party of India.

The revolt began in the Nalgonda district and quickly spread to the Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against the local feudal landlords (''jagirdars'' and ''deshmukhs'') and later against the Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII. The initial aims were to do away with illegal and excessive exploitation meted out by these feudal lords in the name of bonded labour (Vetti Chakiri). The most strident demand was for all debts of the peasants to be written off.

Among the well-known individuals at the forefront of the movement were leaders like Ravi Narayan Reddy, Arutla Ramchandra Reddy, Dr.Arutla Kamala devi, Nalla Narasimhulu, Sateesh Arjula, Anabheri Prabhakar Rao, Puchalapalli Sundaraiah, Chandra Rajeswara Rao, Suddala Hanumanthu, the Urdu poet Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Hassan Nasir, Bhimreddy Narasimha Reddy, Mallu Venkata Narasimha Reddy, Mallu Swarajyam.

The violent phase of the movement ended after the central government sent in the army. Starting in 1951, the CPI shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the constraints of Indian democracy.

Post-independence

When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with Indian Union and wanted to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. He even asked for a corridor, a passage from India. Rebellion had started throughout the state against the Nizam's rule and his army, known as the Razakars. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called Operation Polo. When India became independent, Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of them in the former Nizam's dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the Madras Presidency (Northern Circars), and one in French-controlled Yanam.

The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras State and Bombay State. In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State in the first democratic election. During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement rule by natives of Hyderabad.

Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Northern Circars and Rayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state on the fast unto death by Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.

Merger of Telangana and Andhra

In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to study the creation of states on linguistic basis. The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state, despite their common language.

Paragraph 382 of the States Reorganisation Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly in favour of the larger unit; public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of Telangana to take a decision about their future".

The people of Telangana had several concerns. The region had a less-developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which people of Telangana feared might be diverted for use in Andhra. They feared that planned irrigation projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately, even though people of Telangana controlled the headwaters of the rivers. It was feared that the people of Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking government and educational jobs.

The commission proposed that the Telangana region be constituted as a separate state with a provision for unification with Andhra state, after the 1961 general elections, if a resolution could be passed in the Telangana state assembly with a two-thirds majority.

The Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, expressed his view that a majority of Telangana people were against the merger. He supported the Congress party's central leadership decision to merge Telangana and Andhra despite opposition in Telangana. Andhra state assembly passed a resolution on 25 November 1955 to provide safeguards to Telangana. The resolution said, "Assembly would further like to assure the people in Telangana that the development of that area would be deemed to be special charge, and that certain priorities and special protection will be given for the improvement of that area, such as reservation in services and educational institutions on the basis of population and irrigational development." Telangana leaders did not believe the safeguards would work. With lobbying from Andhra Congress leaders and with pressure from the Central leadership of Congress party, an agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests.

Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially was skeptical of merging Telangana with Andhra State, fearing a "tint of expansionist imperialism" in it. He compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having "provisions for divorce" if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.

Following the Gentlemen's agreement, the central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. The agreement provided reassurances to Telangana in terms of power-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.

Anti-Nehru politics emerged with the repression of the Telengana movement; many within the Congress Party extended their hands to leftist causes. Feroze Gandhi was among them.

Separate Telangana state movement

Grievances of Telangana proponents

Telangana is the largest of the three regions of Andhra Pradesh state, covering 41.47% of its total area. It is inhabited by 40.54% of the state's population and contributes about 76% of the state's revenues, excluding the contribution of the central government. When the central government's contribution to revenue is included, Andhra Pradesh's revenue sources come from Telangana: 61.47% (including 37.17% from Hyderabad); from the central government: 19.86%; from Andhra: 14.71%; and from Rayalaseema: 3.90%. Proponents of a separate Telangana state cite perceived injustices in the distribution of water, budget allocations, and jobs. Within the state of Andhra Pradesh, 68.5% of the catchment area of the Krishna River and 69% of the catchment area of the Godavari River are in the Telangana region. Telangana supporters state that the benefits of irrigation through the canal system under major irrigation projects is accruing substantially, 74.25%, to the Coastal Andhra region, while the share to Telangana is 18.20%. The remaining 7.55% goes to the Rayalaseema region.

There are allegations that in most years, funds allocated to Telangana were never spent. According to Professor Jayashankar only 20% of the total Government employees, less than 10% of employees in the secretariat, and less than 5% of department heads in the Andhra Pradesh government are from Telangana; those from other regions make up the bulk of employment. He also alleged that the state was represented by Telangana chief ministers for only 6 1/2 years out of over five decades of its existence, with no chief minister from the region being in power continuously for more than 2 1/2 years. As per Srikrishna committee on Telangana, Telangana held the position of CM for 10.5 years while Seema-Andhra region held it for 42 years. Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel that the agreements, plans, and assurances from the legislature and Lok Sabha over the last fifty years have not been honoured, and as a consequence Telangana has remained neglected, exploited, and backward. They allege that the experiment to remain as one state has proven to be a futile exercise and that separation is the best solution.

References

Category:Lists of people by cause of death Category:Telangana Category:suicides for telangana Category:self immolations for telangana

Geography

Telangana is situated in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. Of the three regions of the state of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana has the largest area, with . The Deccan plateau is drained by two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. 69% of the Krishna River and 79% of the Godavari River catchment area is in Telangana region. Telangana is also drained by other minor rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.

The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern Ghats and the plains. The surface is dotted with low depressions.

Climate

Telangana is a semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February. With little humidity and average temperatures in the range, this is the best time to visit the region.

Natural resources

The Telangana region has rich natural resources. 45% of the forest area in Andhra Pradesh state is in Telangana region, spread across five districts. 20% of the coal deposits in the country are in Telangana region. The Singareni Collieries Company excavates coal for industrial purposes and for thermal power stations. The power generated is supplied to the entire of South India. There are limestone deposits in the region, which cater to cement factories. Telangana has other resources such as bauxite and mica.

Demography and language

According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund 2009–10, 13 backward districts are located in Andhra Pradesh; 9 (Except Hyderabad) are from Telangana region and the rest are from other regions.

Telangana (including Hyderabad) has 86% Hindu, 12.4% Muslim, and 1.2% Christian population. Hyderabad city(district) has 55.4% Hindu, 41.2% Muslim, 2.4% Christian population. Other districts in Telangana region (outside of Hyderabad district) have 8.4% of the Muslim population.

About 11% of Telangana people speak Hyderabadi Urdu. Urdu speakers are mostly Muslims, though people of other ethnicities also use Urdu for day-to-day life. Most non-Muslims in Hyderabad also use Urdu/Hindi in day to day conversations. Most people outside Hyderabad speak Telugu. Hindi is spoken by people from other states of North and Central India. The people bordering other states speak Kannada and Marathi.

Culture and identity

The Hyderabad's Deccani or Dakkini culture is evolved on its own as a distinctive culture due to confluence of different people who came from different places to serve under the Golkonda rulers.

Festivals

Bonalu, Bathukamma, Diwali, Dassera, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Moharram, Milad un Nabi, Christmas, Sri Rama Navami, Vinayaka Chaviti, Tholi ekadasi, Sammakka Saralamma, Mahashivarathri, Varalaxmi Vratam, Nagula Panchami, Nagula Chavithi, Sri Krishnastami and Ugadi are prominent festivals in Telangana. Other festivals of Hindus and Muslims such as Holi, Raksha Bandhan, Eid-ul-Fitr and Milad un Nabi are also celebrated with equal enthusiasm as in rest of India. The Sankranti festival is celebrated at the beginning of harvest season, generally, on January 14 every year. Bathukamma and Bonalu are regional festivals of Telangana.

Literature

BammeraPothana, the poet who composed the classic SriMadh Maha Bhagavatamu, a Telugu translation of Sri Bhagavatham, authored by Veda Vyasa in Sanskrit, belongs to Telangana region. Golkonda Nawab Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry . Other prominent poets of the Telangana region in the early era include Kancherla Gopanna or Bhakta Ramadasu, Gona Budda Reddy, Palkuriki Somanatha, Mallinātha Sūri, Hulukki Bhaskara and in modern era poets include Padma Vibhushan Kaloji Narayana Rao, Sahitya Akademy award recipient Dasarathi Krishnamacharya, Vachaspathi Puraskar award recipient Sribhashyam Vijayasarathi and Jnanpith award recipient Dr. C. Narayana Reddy, Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao the 9th Prime Minister of India.

See also

States Reorganization Act

Northern Circars

Kosta/Coastal Andhra

Rayalaseema

Uttarandhra

Samaikhya Andhra

List of notable Telangana people

Self-immolations in India

References

http://www.etelangana.org/tel_audios_list.asp

External links

Demand for Telangana State: genuine and justified., Vijaya Bhaskar, 2010

Official history of AP on AP Government website

Telangana movement article in US Library of Congress

Committee on Telangana surpluses – 1969 Report by Justice Bhargava

Telangana Information Task Force www.eTelangana.org  – by rashu.

Subregionalism in India – A case of Telangana by Duncan B. Forrester. Alternate link

Planning Commission Document: Regional Balances in AP

The Historical Context of Andhra and Telangana, 1949–56 – Economic & Political Weekly, February 20, 2010 vol xlv no 8

State reorganization committee reports at Wiki Source

Fasting, Mining, Politicking? Telangana and the Burdens of History, D. Parthasarathy

Modern Hyderabad(Deccan) by John Law, 1914

The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants by KAREN LEONARD ; Source: The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3 (May, 1971), pp. 569–582 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2052461

Nizam – British Relations 1724–1857 by Sarojini Regani published 1963

Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol I (Main Report)

Sri Krishna Committee Report – Vol II (Appendix to the report)

Srikrishna Committee on Telangana: Recommendations at Variance with the Analysis - C.H Hanumanth Rao

Category:People from Telangana Category:Regions of India Category:Regions of Andhra Pradesh Category:Proposed states and union territories in India

bn:তেলেঙ্গানা zh-min-nan:Telangana ca:Telangana de:Telangana et:Telangana es:Telingana fr:Télangana hi:तेलंगाना kn:ತೆಲಂಗಾಣ ml:തെലങ്കാന mr:तेलंगणा nl:Telangana ja:テランガナ no:Telangana pl:Telangana ru:Телангана fi:Telangana sv:Telangana ta:தெலுங்கானா te:తెలంగాణ ur:تیلنگانا zh:泰伦加纳

name	T. Harish Rao
birth date	June 03, 1972
birth place	Siddipet, India
residence	Siddipet
official status	M. L. A. from Siddipet consitituency
constituency	Siddipet, Andhra Pradesh
term start	2004
party	Telangana Rashtra Samithi }}

Thanneru Harish Rao (born 3 June 1972) is an Indian politician belonging to the Telangana Rashtra Samithi. He represents Siddipet Assembly constituency.

Early life

Harish Rao was born in Siddipet, Medak District to Satyanarayana Rao. He is the nephew of TRS party chief K. Chandrashekhar Rao. He did his Bachelor of Arts in Siddipet.

Political career

Harish Rao was elected from the Siddipet Assembly constituency in 2004 at the age of 32, after the seat was vacated by K. Chandrashekhar Rao who had won both the Siddipet Assembly and Karimnagar Parliamentary seat in the 2004 General Elections.

Harish Rao who just then completed his studies had directly forayed in to politics and gradually started growing as a leader and earned the respect of the people in his constituency by involving in Telangana agitation as well as development/welfare activities.

After the TRS legislators resigned from their Assembly seats in 2008, protesting the delay in the formation of Telangana by the UPA Government( which had included Telangana state formation in their Common Minimum Programme(CMP)), he contested the by-polls in Siddipet constituency and won by a huge margin of 58,000 votes.

He was reelected in the general elections in 2009 which he won by a margin of 64,000 votes the highest margin in Andhra Pradesh.

In early 2010, TRS again resigned from the Assembly when the Government backtracked on their December 9, 2009, statement to "initiate the process of formation of Telangana". In the ensuing by-polls, he polled 85% of the votes, and was elected with a margin of 95,858 votes, breaking the record of chief minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, who was re-elected from Pulivendula constituency in Kadapa district last year with a margin of 68,681 . Another distinction being, his opponents did not get their deposits (achieving at least 1/6 of valid votes) in the last 3 elections for Siddipet (2008, 2009, 2010).

Personal life

Harish Rao is married to Sunitha and has a son.

References

External links

A blog post by T. Harish Rao

http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/international/2011/July/international_July1057.xml§ion;=international&col;=

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-07-05/news/29739072_1_resignations-trs-mlas-telangana-activists

http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/03/stories/2008060356990100.htm

Category:Indian politicians Category:Telangana Rashtra Samithi politicians Category:Telugu people Category:Living people Category:People from Medak Category:1972 births

name	Sushma Swaraj
office	Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha)
term start	18 December 2009
predecessor	Lal Krishna Advani
constituency	Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh)
office1	Minister of Information and Broadcasting
term start1	30 September 2000
term end1	29 January 2003
primeminister1	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
office2	Chief Minister of Delhi
term start2	13 October 1998
term end2	3 December 1998
office3	Minister of Information and Broadcasting and Telecommunications
term start3	19 March 1998
term end3	12 October 1998
primeminister3	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
office4	Minister of Information and Broadcasting
term start4	16 May 1996
term end4	1 June 1996
primeminister4	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
office5	Haryana State Minister of Education, Food and Civil Supplies
term start5	1987
term end5	1990
office6	Haryana State Minister of Labour and Employment
term start6	1977
term end6	1979
birth date	February 14, 1952
birth place	Palwal, Haryana
party	Bharatiya Janata Party
alma mater	Punjab University, Chandigarh
spouse	Swaraj Kaushal
residence	New Delhi
party	Bharatiya Janata Party
profession	Lawyer
awards	Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 2004 and 2010 }}

Sushma Swaraj () (born 14 February 1952) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)and Member of Parliament. She is currently the Leader of the Opposition in the 15th Lok Sabha. She is a former union cabinet minister of India and a former Chief Minister of Delhi. Also she served as the Chairperson of the BJP's 19 member campaign committee for the 2009 General Elections. She was the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.

Early life

She was born in Palwal, Haryana. She was educated at S.D. College, Ambala Cantonment and earned a B.A. degree. She studied LL.B. from the Law Department of Punjab University, Chandigarh. She is an advocate by profession.

She has been associated with many social and cultural bodies in various capacities. She was President of the Sahitya Sammelan, Haryana for four years.

Political career

Sushma Swaraj began her political career as a student leader in the 1970s, organizing protests against Indira Gandhi's government. She was a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 1977–82 and then from 1987–90. As a Janata Party MLA in Devi Lal's government, she was the Cabinet Minister of Labour and Employment (1977–1979). She joined the BJP in 1980. Under a combined Lok Dal-BJP government led by Devi Lal, she was the Cabinet Minister of Education, Food and Civil Supplies (1987–1990). She was judged Best Speaker of Haryana State Assembly for three consecutive years.

In 1980, 1984, and 1989, she unsuccessfully contested the Lok Sabha elections from Karnal in Haryana. All three times, she was defeated by the Congress Party's Chiranji Lal Sharma.

She was elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha in 1990. In 1996, she was elected to the 11th Lok Sabha from South Delhi. She was Union Cabinet Minister of Information and Broadcasting in 1996, during the 13-day Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government.

She was re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha for a 2nd term in 1998. Under the second Vajpayee government, she retained the Information and Broadcasting ministry and had additional charge of the Ministry of Telecommunications from 19 March to 12 October 1998.

She left the Union Cabinet from October – December 1998 to serve as the first woman Chief Minister of Delhi. The BJP lost the assembly elections, and she returned to national politics.

In 1999, she took on a high profile as she contested against the Congress party's President, Sonia Gandhi, from the Bellary constituency in Karnatka, which had returned Congress winners since India's independence. The fervent, high-pitched campaign came to an end with the expected loss of Sushma, Gandhi polled 51.7 percent of the vote, Swaraj coming not too far behind with 44.7 percent.

She returned to Parliament in April 2000 as a Rajya Sabha member from Uttarakhand. She was re-inducted into the cabinet as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting, which she held from September 2000 until January 2003. At that time, she was made the Minister of Health and Family Welfare, and also held the post of Minister of Parliamentary Affairs. She held these posts from January 2003 until May 2004, when the National Democratic Alliance government lost elections.

In a heavily publicized and emotionally charged episode following the elections, Sushma Swaraj threatened to shave her head, don a white saree and eat groundnuts (symbolically mourning) if Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born Congress leader, became Prime Minister of India.

She was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 2006 from Madhya Pradesh. She served as the deputy leader of BJP in Rajya Sabha. Speculation ran high that Sushma Swaraj was one of the top contenders to be President of the BJP, following Advani's resignation from that role in late 2005. Rajnath Singh ultimately was elected to that post.

She won the 2009 election to the 15th Lok Sabha from the Vidisha constituency in Madhya Pradesh, on a BJP candidacy, by a highest margin of 4.01 lakh votes. This is her 10th election.

She has been awarded by Outstanding Parliamentarian Award twice.

Leader of the opposition

Sushma Swaraj appointed as leader of the opposition party and replaced Lal Krishna Advani in December 2009 in the 15th Lok Sabha,

Personal life

She married Swaraj Kaushal on 13 July 1975 and has a daughter.

Positions held

1977–82 and 1987–90 Member, Haryana Legislative Assembly. 1977–79 Cabinet Minister, Labour and Employment, Government of Haryana. 1987–90 Cabinet Minister, Education, Food and Civil Supplies, Government of Haryana.

April 1990 Elected to Rajya Sabha

1996 Member, Eleventh Lok Sabha

16 May-1 June 1996 Union Cabinet Minister, Information and Broadcasting.

1998 Member, Twelfth Lok Sabha (2nd term)

19 March-12 Oct.1998 Union Cabinet Minister, Information and Broadcasting and Telecommunications (Additional charge)

13 Oct.-3 Dec. 1998 Chief Minister, Delhi

April 2000 Elected to Rajya Sabha (2nd term)

30 Sept. 2000–29 Jan. 2003 Minister of Information and Broadcasting

29 Jan. 2003 – 22 May 2004 Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs

April 2006 Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (3rd term) 16 May 2009 Elected to the 15th Lok Sabha. 3 June 2009 Elected as Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.

18 Dec 2009 Sushma Swaraj appointed as leader of the opposition party and replaced Lal Krishna Advani in December 2009.

External links

Official website of BJP

References

Category:People from Ambala Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:Indian politicians Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians Category:Chief Ministers of Delhi Category:Indian women in politics Category:Panjab University alumni Category:People from Delhi Category:Leaders of the Opposition (India) Category:Indian Hindus Category:Indian women lawyers

hi:सुषमा स्वराज mr:सुषमा स्वराज pl:Sushma Swaraj ta:சுஷ்மா சுவராஜ் te:సుష్మాస్వరాజ్