Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv (SNG)
Flag
Administrative center		Minsk
Largest city		Moscow
Official Language		Russian
Membership		10 members  Armenia  Azerbaijan  Belarus1  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan  Moldova  Russia1  Tajikistan  Turkmenistan2, 3  Uzbekistan 1 participating  Ukraine1, 2
Government		Commonwealth
-	Executive Secretary	Sergei Lebedev
-	Presidency	Russia
Establishment		21 December 1991
-	CST	15 May 1992
-	CISFTA signed	1994[1]
-	CISFTA established	By end of 2010[2]
Area
-	Total	22,100,843 km2  8,533,183 sq mi
Population
-	2008 estimate	276,917,629
-	Density	12.53/km2  32.5/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$2,906.944 billion
-	Per capita	$10,498
GDP (nominal)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$1,691.861 billion
-	Per capita	$6,110
Currency		10 Armenian dram Azerbaijani manat Belarusian ruble Kazakhstani tenge Kyrgyzstani som Moldovan leu Russian ruble Tajikistani somoni Turkmenistani manat Uzbekistani som +1 Ukrainian hryvnia
Time zone		(UTC+2 to +12)
Website http://www.cis.minsk.by/
1	Founding countries
2	Has not ratified the charter
3	Associate member
4	Georgia was an official member from 1994 to 2009

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; Russian: Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ, tr. Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG) is a regional organization whose participating countries are former Soviet Republics, formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union.

The CIS is a loose association of states and in no way comparable to a federation, confederation or supranational union such as the European Union. It is more comparable to the Commonwealth of Nations. Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is aimed at being more than a purely symbolic organization, nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention. Some of the members of the CIS have established the Eurasian Economic Community with the aim of creating a full-fledged common market.

History[link]

The organization was founded on 8 December 1991 by the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, when the leaders of the three countries met in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Natural Reserve, about 50 km (30 miles) north of Brest in Belarus and signed a Creation Agreement (Russian: Соглашение, Soglasheniye) on the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the creation of CIS as a successor entity to the USSR.^[3] At the same time they announced that the new alliance would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union, as well as other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union.

On 21 December 1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol and joined the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11.^[4] Georgia joined two years later, in December 1993.^[5] As of that time, 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS. Three former Soviet Republics, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, chose not to join.

Between the years of 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced a change of government in a series of colour revolutions: Eduard Shevardnadze was overthrown in Georgia, Viktor Yushchenko was elected in Ukraine, and, lastly, Askar Akayev was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. In February 2006, Georgia officially withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers, with the statement that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously",^[6][7] but it remained a full member of the CIS until August 2009, one year after officially withdrawing in the immediate aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war. In March 2007, Igor Ivanov, the secretary of the Russian Security Council, expressed his doubts concerning the usefulness of CIS, emphasizing that the Eurasian Economic Community was becoming a more competent organization to unify the biggest countries of the CIS.^[8] Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS.^[9]

In May 2009 the six countries Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine joined the Eastern Partnership, a project which was initiated by the European Union (EU).

Membership[link]

There are 10 member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter (Russian: Устав, Ustav) was adopted.^[10] The charter formalized the concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 7). Turkmenistan has not ratified the charter and changed its CIS standing to associate member as of 26 August 2005 in order to be consistent with its UN-recognized international neutrality status.^[11][12] Although Ukraine was one of the three founding countries and ratified the Creation Agreement in December 1991, Ukraine did not choose to ratify the CIS Charter and thus does not regard itself as a member of the CIS.^[5][13]

Country	Signed	Ratified	Charter ratified	Membership status
Armenia	21 December 1991	1992-02-18	1994-03-16	official member
Azerbaijan	21 December 1991	1993-09-24	1993-12-14	official member
Belarus	8 December 1991	1991-12-10	1994-01-18	official member
Kazakhstan	21 December 1991	1991-12-23	1994-04-20	official member
Kyrgyzstan	21 December 1991	1992-03-06	1994-04-12	official member
Moldova	21 December 1991	1994-04-08	1994-06-27	official member
Russia	8 December 1991	1991-12-12	1993-07-20	official member
Tajikistan	21 December 1991	1993-06-26	1993-08-04	official member
Turkmenistan	21 December 1991	1991-12-26	Not ratified	unofficial associate member
Ukraine	8 December 1991	1991-12-10	Not ratified	de facto participating; officially not a member
Uzbekistan	21 December 1991	1992-04-01	1994-02-09	official member

Former member states[link]

Country	Signed	Ratified	Charter ratified	Withdrawn	Effective
Georgia	—	3 December 1993	19 April 1994	18 August 2008	17 August 2009

Leadership[link]

Executive Secretaries of CIS[link]

Meeting of CIS leaders in Bishkek in 2008

Name	Country	Term
Ivan Korotchenya	Belarus	26 December 1991 - 29 April 1998
Boris Berezovsky	Russia	29 April 1998 - 4 March 1999
Ivan Korotchenya	Belarus	4 March - 2 April 1999
Yury Yarov	Russia	2 April 1999 - 14 June 2004
Vladimir Rushailo	Russia	14 June 2004 - 5 October 2007
Sergei Lebedev	Russia	since 5 October 2007

Military structures[link]

The CIS Charter establishes the Council of Ministers of Defense, which is vested with the task of coordinating military cooperation of the CIS member states. To this end, the Council develops conceptual approaches to the questions of military and defense policy of the CIS member states; develops proposals aimed to prevent armed conflicts on the territory of the member states or with their participation; gives expert opinions on draft treaties and agreements related to the questions of defense and military developments; issues related suggestions and proposals to the attention of the CIS Council of the Heads of State. Also important is the Council's work on approximation of the legal acts in the area of defense and military development.

An important manifestation of integration processes in the area of military and defense collaboration of the CIS member states is the creation, in 1995, of the joint CIS Air Defense System. Over the years, the military personnel of the joint CIS Air Defense System grew twofold along the western, European border of the CIS, and by 1.5 times, on its southern borders. ^[14]

When Boris Yeltsin became Russian Defence Minister on 7 May 1992, Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the man appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the CIS Armed Forces, and his staff, were ejected from the MOD and General Staff buildings and given offices in the former Warsaw Pact Headquarters at 41 Leningradsky Prospekt^[15] on the northern outskirts of Moscow.^[16] Shaposhnikov resigned in June 1993.

In December 1993, the CIS Armed Forces Headquarters was abolished.^[17] Instead, 'the CIS Council of Defence Ministers created a CIS Military Cooperation Coordination Headquarters (MCCH) in Moscow, with 50 per cent of the funding provided by Russia.'^[18] General Viktor Samsonov was appointed as Chief of Staff.

The chiefs of the CIS general staffs have spoken in favor of integrating their national armed forces.^[19]

Associated organizations[link]

Free trade area (CISFTA)[link]

In 1994, the CIS countries agreed to create a free trade area, but the agreements were never signed, so in 2009 a new agreement was achieved to create an FTA by the beginning of 2011.^[20] The 1994 agreement would have covered all twelve then CIS members except Turkmenistan.^[21] In October 2011, the new free trade agreement was finally achieved and then signed by eight of the eleven CIS states; Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine at a meeting in St. Petersburg. An agreement was also signed by the CIS prime ministers on the basic principles of currency regulation and currency controls in the CIS at the same meeting.^[22] The only CIS states not to sign up to the free trade agreement were Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, which will consider signing the agreement later and had requested few weeks to consider the agreement. The agreement itself had been worked out in May 2011 but the signing had been delayed in order to allow for the resolution of disputes by some Asian members of the CIS.^[23] The free trade agreement will eliminate export and import duties on a number of goods but also contains a number of exemptions that will ultimately be phased out.^[24] However, corruption and bureaucracy are serious problems for trade in CIS countries.^[25]

Eurasian Economic Community[link]

The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC or EAEC) originated from a customs union between Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan on the 29 March 1996.^[26] It was named the EAEC on 10 October 2000^[27] when Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan signed the treaty. EurAsEC was formally created when the treaty was finally ratified by all five member states in May 2001. Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine hold observer status. EurAsEC is working on establishing a common energy market and exploring the more efficient use of water in central Asia.

Organization of Central Asian Cooperation[link]

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan formed the OCAC in 1991 as Central Asian Commonwealth (CAC). The organization continued in 1994 as the Central Asian Economic Union (CAEU), in which Tajikistan and Turkmenistan did not participate. In 1998 it became the Central Asian Economic Cooperation (CAEC), which marked the return of Tajikistan. On 28 February 2002 it was renamed to its current name. Russia joined on 28 May 2004.^[28] On 7 October 2005 it was decided between the member states that Uzbekistan will join^[29] the Eurasian Economic Community and that the organizations will merge.^[30] The organizations joined on 25 January 2006. It is not clear what will happen to the status of current CACO observers that are not observers to EurAsEC (Georgia and Turkey).

Common Economic Space[link]

After discussion about the creation of a common economic space between the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, agreement in principle about the creation of this space was announced after a meeting in the Moscow suburb of Novo-Ogarevo on 23 February 2003. The Common Economic Space would involve a supranational commission on trade and tariffs that would be based in Kiev, would initially be headed by a representative of Kazakhstan, and would not be subordinate to the governments of the four nations. The ultimate goal would be a regional organisation that would be open for other countries to join as well, and could eventually lead even to a single currency.

On 22 May 2003 The Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian Parliament) voted 266 votes in favour and 51 against the joint economic space. However, most believe that Viktor Yushchenko's victory in the Ukrainian presidential election of 2004 was a significant blow against the project: Yushchenko has shown renewed interest in Ukrainian membership in the European Union, and such membership would be incompatible with the envisioned common economic space. Yushchenko's successor Viktor Yanukovych stated on April 27, 2010 "Ukraine's entry into the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan is not possible today, since the economic principles and the laws of the WTO do not allow it, we develop our policy in accordance with WTO principles".^[31] Ukraine is a WTO member.^[31]

A Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was thus created in 2010,^[32] with a single market envisioned for 2012.^[33]

Collective Security Treaty Organisation[link]

The logo of the CSTO.

  CSTO members

  GUAM members

  Other CIS members

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) (Russian: Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности) or simply the Tashkent Treaty (Russian: Ташкентский договор) first began as the CIS Collective Security Treaty^[34] which was signed on 15 May 1992, by Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, in the city of Tashkent. Azerbaijan signed the treaty on 24 September 1993, Georgia on 9 December 1993 and Belarus on 31 December 1993. The treaty came into effect on 20 April 1994.

The CST was set to last for a 5-year period unless extended. On 2 April 1999, only six members of the CSTO signed a protocol renewing the treaty for another five year period, while Azerbaijan, Georgia and Uzbekistan refused to sign, and withdrew from the treaty instead; together with Moldova and Ukraine, formed a non-aligned, more pro-Western pro-US group known as the "GUAM" (Georgia, Uzbekistan / Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova). The organization was named CSTO on 7 October 2002 in Tashkent. Nikolai Bordyuzha was appointed secretary general of the new organization. During 2005, the CSTO partners conducted some common military exercises. In 2005, Uzbekistan withdrew from GUAM, and on 23 June 2006, Uzbekistan became a full participant in the CSTO and its membership was formally ratified by its parliament on 28 March 2008.^[35] The CSTO is an observer organization at the United Nations General Assembly.

The charter reaffirmed the desire of all participating states to abstain from the use or threat of force. Signatories would not be able to join other military alliances or other groups of states, while aggression against one signatory would be perceived as an aggression against all. To this end, the CSTO holds yearly military command exercises for the CSTO nations to have an opportunity to improve inter-organization cooperation. The largest-scale CSTO military exercise held to date were the "Rubezh 2008" exercises hosted in Armenia where a combined total of 4,000 troops from all 7 constituent CSTO member countries conducted operative, strategic, and tactical training with an emphasis towards furthering efficiency of the collective security element of the CSTO partnership.^[36]

In May 2007 the CSTO secretary-general Nikolai Bordyuzha suggested Iran could join the CSTO saying, "The CSTO is an open organization. If Iran applies in accordance with our charter, we will consider the application."^[37] If Iran joined, it would be the first state outside the former Soviet Union to become a member of the organization.

On 6 October 2007, CSTO members agreed to a major expansion of the organization which would create a CSTO peacekeeping force that could deploy under a U.N. mandate or without one in its member states. The expansion would also allow all members to purchase Russian weapons at the same price as Russia.^[38] CSTO signed an agreement with the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), in the Tajik capital Dushanbe, to broaden cooperation on issues such as security, crime, and drug trafficking.^[39]

On 29 August 2008, Russia announced it would seek CSTO recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, three days after Russia officially recognized both.^[40] On 5 September 2008, Armenia assumed the rotating CSTO presidency during a CSTO meeting in Moscow, Russia.^[41]

In October 2009 Ukraine refused permission for the CIS Anti-Terrorist Center to hold anti-terrorist exercises on its territory because Ukraine's constitution bans foreign military units from operating on its territory.^[42]

The largest military exercises ever held by the CSTO, involving up to 12,000 troops were conducted between September 19 and 27, 2011 to raise preparedness and co-ordination in Arab Spring style anti-destabilization techniques.^[43]

Other activities[link]

Controversial election observation mission[link]

The CIS Election Monitoring Organization (Russian: Миссия наблюдателей от СНГ на выборах) is an election monitoring body that was formed in October 2002, following a Commonwealth of Independent States heads of states meeting which adopted the Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights, and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS-EMO has been sending election observers to member countries of the CIS since this time; they approved many elections which have been heavily criticised by independent observers.^[44]

• The democratic nature of the final round of the Ukrainian presidential election, 2004 which followed the Orange Revolution and brought into power the former opposition, was questioned by the CIS while the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) found no significant problems. This was the first time ever that the CIS observation teams challenged the validity of an election, saying that it should be considered illegitimate. On 15 March 2005, the Ukrainian Independent Information Agency quoted Dmytro Svystkov (a spokesman of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry) that Ukraine has suspended its participation in the CIS election monitoring organization.
• The CIS praised the Uzbekistan parliamentary elections, 2005 as "legitimate, free and transparent" while the OSCE had referred to the Uzbek elections as having fallen "significantly short of OSCE commitments and other international standards for democratic elections".^[45][46]
• Moldovan authorities refused to invite CIS observers in the Moldovan parliamentary elections, 2005, an action Russia criticized. Many dozens such observers from Belarus and Russia were stopped from reaching Moldova.^[47]
• CIS observers monitored the Tajikistan parliamentary elections, 2005 and in the end declared them "legal, free and transparent." The same elections were pronounced by the OSCE to have failed international standards for democratic elections.
• Soon after CIS observers hailed the Kyrgyz parliamentary elections of 2005 as "well-organized, free, and fair", a large-scale and often violent demonstrations broke out throughout the country protesting what the opposition called a rigged parliamentary election. In contrast the OSCE reported that the elections fell short of international standards in many areas.^[48]
• International observers of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly stated the 2010 local elections in Ukraine were organised well.^[49] While the Council of Europe uncovered a number of problems in relation to a new electorate law approved just prior to the elections^[49] and the Obama administration criticized the conduct of the elections, saying they "did not meet standards for openness and fairness".^[50][51]

Inter-Parliamentary Assembly[link]

The Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, established in March 1995, is a consultative parliamentary wing of the CIS created to discuss problems of parliamentary cooperation.^[52] The Assembly will hold its 32nd Plenary meeting in Saint Petersburg on 14 May 2009. Ukraine participates, but Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan do not participate.^[53]

Russian language status[link]

Russia has been urging that the Russian language receives official status in all of the CIS member states. So far Russian is an official language in only four of these states: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Russian is also considered an official language in the region of Transnistria, and the autonomous region of Gagauzia in Moldova. Viktor Yanukovych, the Moscow-supported presidential candidate in the controversial 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, declared his intention to make Russian an official second language of Ukraine. However, Viktor Yushchenko, the winner, did not do so. After his early 2010 election as President Yanukovych stated (on March 9, 2010) that "Ukraine will continue to promote the Ukrainian language as its only state language".^[54]

Sports events[link]

At the time of the Soviet Union's dissolution in December 1991, its sports teams had been invited to or qualified for various 1992 sports events. A joint CIS team took its place in some of these. The "Unified Team" competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics and 1992 Summer Olympics, and a CIS association football team competed in UEFA Euro 1992. Since then, CIS members have each competed separately in international sport.

Economic data[link]

The data is taken from the UN Statistics Division.

See also[link]

• Regional organisations in the Post-Soviet space

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Commonwealth of Independent States

• CIS Executive Committee
• Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS
• Charter of the CIS
• PINR - C.I.S. Struggles for Cohesion
• RZB Outlook For Commonwealth Of Independent States
• Food Security in Caucasus and Republic of Moldova (FAO)
• Kembayev, Zhenis. Legal Aspects of the Regional Integration Processes in the Post-Soviet Area. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009. Summary and Sample Pages

v t e Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Members Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Moldova Russia Tajikistan Uzbekistan Associate members Turkmenistan Ukraine Former member Georgia (1993-2009)

This is a list of sovereign states giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The list contains 207 entries. The states are divided using two distinct methods:

1. The membership within the United Nations system column divides the states into two categories: 193 member states and one observer state in the United Nations,^[1] and 13 other states.
2. The sovereignty disputes column divides the states into two categories: 17 states whose sovereignty is disputed and 190 other states

Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below.

List of states[link]

English name, and the official, national, and other important languages of the state [Note 1]	Membership within the UN System [Note 2]	Sovereignty dispute [Note 3]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty [Note 5]
A AAA	A AAA	A AAA
ZZZ↓ UN member states or observer states ↓	A AAA	ZZZ
ZZZAbkhazia → Abkhazia	UN member state	None
Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Persian: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان – افغانستان → Afgānestān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afgānestān Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت – افغانستان → Afghānistān – Afghānistān Islāmī Jumhūrīyat	A UN member state	A None
Albania – Republic of Albania Albanian: Shqipëria – Republika e Shqipërisë English: Albania – Republic of Albania Italian: Albania – Repubblica di Albania	A UN member state	A None
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية – الجزائر → Al Jazā'ir – Al Jumhūrīyah al Jazā'irīyah ad Dīmuqrāţīyah ash Sha‘bīyah	A UN member state	A None
Andorra – Principality of Andorra Catalan: Andorra – Principat d’Andorra	A UN member state	A None	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[3] who himself is appointed by the Vatican.
Angola – Republic of Angola Portuguese: Angola – República de Angola	A UN member state	A None
Antigua and Barbuda Leeward Caribbean Creole: Antigua an Barbuda English: Antigua and Barbuda	A UN member state	A None	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[Note 7][4]
Argentina – Argentine Republic [Note 8] Spanish: Argentina – República Argentina	A UN member state	A None	Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom.[5] Argentina claims Argentine Antarctica as part of its national territory, officially a department of the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands, which overlaps with the claims of the UK and Chile.[Note 9][6]
Armenia – Republic of Armenia Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն → Hayastan – Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun Russian: Армения – Республики Армения → Armeniya – Respubliki Armeniya	A UN member state	Not recognised by Pakistan[7][8]
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia English: Australia – Commonwealth of Australia	A UN member state	A None	Australia is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] and a federation of 6 states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:  Ashmore and Cartier Islands  Australian Antarctic Territory [Note 9]  Christmas Island  Cocos (Keeling) Islands  Coral Sea Islands Territory  Heard Island and McDonald Islands  Norfolk Island
Austria – Republic of Austria German: Österreich – Republik Österreich Hungarian: Ausztria – Osztrák Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Austria is a federation of 9 states (Bundesländer).
ZZZAzawad → Azawad	UN member state	None
Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan – Azərbaycan Respublikası Russian: Азербайджан – Азербайджанской Республики → Azerbaĭdzhan – Azerbaĭdzhanskoĭ Respublikiv	A UN member state	A None	Azerbaijan contains 2 autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[Note 7] In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established.
Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas Bahamian Creole: Bahamas – Commonwealth of Bahamas English: The Bahamas – Commonwealth of The Bahamas	A UN member state	A None	The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain Arabic: مملكة البحرين – البحرين → Al Baḩrayn – Mamlakat al Baḩrayn	A UN member state	A None
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh Bengali: বাংলাদেশ – গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ → Bāṁlādesh – Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṁlādesh	A UN member state	A None
Barbados Bajan Creole and English: Barbados	A UN member state	A None	Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Belarus – Republic of Belarus Belarusian: Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь → Bielarus' – Respublika Bielarus' Russian: Беларусь – Республика Беларусь → Belarus' – Respublika Belarus'	A UN member state	A None
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Dutch: België – Koninkrijk België French: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique German: Belgien – Königreich Belgien	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.
Belize English: Belize Kriol: Belize Spanish: Belice	A UN member state	A None	Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Benin – Republic of Benin [Note 10] French: Bénin – République du Bénin	A UN member state	A None
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ – འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ → Druk Yul – Druk Gyalkhap	A UN member state	A None
Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia Spanish: Bolivia – Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Aymara: Wuliwya – Wuliwya Suyu Guaraní: Volívia – Tetã Volívia Quechua: Buliwya – Buliwya Mama Llaqta[10]	A UN member state	A None
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian: Босна и Херцеговина → Bosna i Hercegovina Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina	A UN member state	A None	Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of 2 constituent units: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.[Note 11]
Botswana – Republic of Botswana Tswana: Botswana – Lefatshe la Botswana English: Botswana – Republic of Botswana	A UN member state	A None
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil Portuguese: Brasil – República Federativa do Brasil	A UN member state	A None	Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.
Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace Malay: Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام – بروني	A UN member state	A None	Brunei claims sovereignty over part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 12]
Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria Bulgarian: България – Република България → Bǎlgarija – Republika Bǎlgarija Turkish: Bulgaristan – Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Burkina Faso [Note 13] French: Burkina Faso	A UN member state	A None
Burma – Republic of the Union of Myanmar [Note 14][11] Burmese: မြန်မာပြည် – ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌ → Myanma – Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw	A UN member state	A None
Burundi – Republic of Burundi Kirundi: Uburundi – Republika y'Uburundi French: Burundi – République du Burundi	A UN member state	A None
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia Khmer: កម្ពុជា – ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រ កម្ពុជា → Kâmpŭchéa – Preăhréachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa	A UN member state	A None
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon French: Cameroun – République du Cameroun English: Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon	A UN member state	A None
Canada [Note 15] English and French: Canada	A UN member state	A None	Canada is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories.
Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde Portuguese: Cabo Verde – República de Cabo Verde	A UN member state	A None
Central African Republic French: République centrafricaine Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka	A UN member state	A None
Chad – Republic of Chad French: Tchad – République du Tchad Arabic: جمهوريّة تشاد – تشاد → Tshād – Jumhūrīyat Tshād	A UN member state	A None
Chile – Republic of Chile Spanish: Chile – República de Chile	A UN member state	A None	Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile in the Valparaíso Region. Chile claims part of Antarctica as a commune in its Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Its claim overlaps with those of the UK and Argentina.[Note 9]
China – People's Republic of China[Note 16] Chinese: 中国 – 中华人民共和国 → Zhōnggúo – Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Mongolian: [Note 17] → Bügüde Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus Tibetan: རྒྱ་ནག – ཀྲུང་ ཧྭ་ མི་ དམངས་ སྤྱི་ མཐུན་ རྒྱལ་ ཁབ། → Zhunghua Mimang Jitun Gyalkab Kazakh: جۇڭحۋا حالىق رەسپۋبليكاسى – جۇڭگو → Juñgo – Juñxwa Xalıq Respwblïkası Korean: 중국 – 중화인민공화국 → Jungguk – Junghwa Inmin Gonghwaguk Uyghur: جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىت – جۇڭگو → Junggo – Jungxua Xelq Jumhuriyiti Zhuang: Cunghgoz – Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz[12][13]	A UN member state	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 7] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:  Hong Kong  Macau It also claims: Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and Itu Aba, which are governed by the Republic of China (which claims sovereignty over the whole of China);[Note 18] The Paracel Islands (disputed);[Note 19] The Spratly Islands (disputed);[Note 12] South Tibet (governed by India as part of Arunachal Pradesh). Aksai Chin, controlled by the PRC, is claimed by India as a part of Jammu and Kashmir.[Note 20] The PRC is not recognised by 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise the ROC.[Note 21]
China, Republic of (Taiwan) → Taiwan	UN member state	None
Colombia – Republic of Colombia Spanish: Colombia – República de Colombia	A UN member state	A None
Comoros – Union of the Comoros Comorian: Komori – Udzima wa Komori French: Comores – Union des Comores Arabic: اتحاد جزر القمر – جزر القمر → al Qamar – al-Ittihad al-Qamar	A UN member state	A None	Comoros is a federation of 3 islands, and claims Mayotte, currently part of France, as a fourth.[Note 22][14] Comoros also disputes French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser.[5]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Congo-Kinshasa) [Note 23] French: République démocratique du Congo	A UN member state	A None
Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville) French: République du Congo	A UN member state	A None
ZZZCook Islands → Cook Islands	UN member state	None
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Spanish: Costa Rica – República de Costa Rica	A UN member state	A None
Côte d'Ivoire – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) French: Côte d'Ivoire – République de Côte d'Ivoire	A UN member state	A None
Croatia – Republic of Croatia Croatian: Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska English: Croatia – Republic of Croatia German: Kroatien – Republik Kroatien Italian: Croazia – Repubblica di Croazia Serbian: Хрватска – Република → Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska	A UN member state	A None
Cuba – Republic of Cuba Haitian Creole: Kiba – Repiblik nan Kiba Spanish: Cuba – República de Cuba	A UN member state	A None
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus English: Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία → Kýpros – Kypriakí Dimokratía Turkish: Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	A UN member state	Not recognised by Turkey and Northern Cyprus	Member of the EU.[Note 4] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute.
Czech Republic [Note 24] Czech and Slovak: Česko – Česká republika German: Tschechien – Tschechische Republik	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the	UN member state	None
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Danish and German: Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark English: Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] The Danish Realm also includes two self-governing territories:  Faroe Islands (Føroyar/Færøerne)  Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti French: Djibouti – République de Djibouti Arabic: جمهورية جيبوتي – جيبوتي → Jībūtī – Jumhūrīyat Jībūtī	A UN member state	A None
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica Antillean Creole: Donminik – Commonwealth dé Donminik English: Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica	A UN member state	A None
Dominican Republic Spanish: República Dominicana Taíno: Quisqueya	A UN member state	A None
East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [Note 25] Portuguese: Timor-Leste – República Democrática de Timor-Leste Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e – Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e	A UN member state	A None
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Spanish: Ecuador – República del Ecuador	A UN member state	A None
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt Arabic: جمهورية مصر العربية – مصر → Mişr – Jumhūrīyat Mişr al ‘Arabīyah	A UN member state	A None
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Spanish: El Salvador – República de El Salvador	A UN member state	A None
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial – República de Guinea Ecuatorial French: Guinée Équatoriale – République de Guinée équatoriale Portuguese: Guiné Equatorial – República da Guiné Equatorial	A UN member state	A None
Eritrea – State of Eritrea Tigrinya: ኤርትራ – ሃግሬ ኤርትራ → Iertra – Hagere Iertra Arabic: دولة إرتريا – إريتريا → Irītrīyā – Dawlat Irītrīyā	A UN member state	A None
Estonia – Republic of Estonia English: Estonia – Republic of Estonia Estonian: Eesti – Eesti Vabariik Russian: Эстония – Эстонская Республика → Estoniya – Estonskaya Respublika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ – የኢትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ → Ityop'iya – Ityop'iya Fe̱de̱ralawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripe̱blik	A UN member state	A None	Ethiopia is a federation of 9 regions and 2 chartered cities.
Fiji – Republic of Fiji Fijian: Viti – Matanitu ko Viti English: Fiji – Republic of Fiji Hindustani: फ़िजी / فیجی – फ़िजी गणराज्य / فیجی رپبلک → Fijī – Fijī dvip samooh ganarajya [15]	A UN member state	A None	Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[Note 7][16][17]
Finland – Republic of Finland Finnish: Suomi – Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Finland – Republiken Finland	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]  Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.[Note 7][Note 26]
France – French Republic French: France – République française	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] French overseas regions/departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion) are full, integral parts of France. The French Republic also includes the overseas territories of:  Clipperton Island  French Polynesia  New Caledonia  Saint-Barthélemy  Saint Martin  Saint Pierre and Miquelon  Wallis and Futuna  French Southern and Antarctic Lands (includes the Antarctic claim of Adélie Land).[Note 9] Clipperton Island is a possession of the government. French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Mayotte, and Tromelin Island is disputed in part by Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and the Comoros.[5]
Gabon – Gabonese Republic French: Gabon – République gabonaise	A UN member state	A None
Gambia  The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia English: The Gambia – Republic of The Gambia	A UN member state	A None
Georgia Georgian: საქართველო → Sak’art’velo	A UN member state	A None	Georgia contains 2 autonomous regions, Adjara and Abkhazia.[Note 7] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
Germany – Federal Republic of Germany German: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder).
Ghana – Republic of Ghana English: Ghana – Republic of Ghana	A UN member state	A None
Greece – Hellenic Republic Demotic Greek: Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία → Elláda – Ellinikí Dimokratía Katharevousa Greek: Ελλάς – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία → Ellás – Ellinikí Dimokratía	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[18]
Grenada English and Grenadian Creole: Grenada	A UN member state	A None	Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Spanish: Guatemala – República de Guatemala	A UN member state	A None
Guinea – Republic of Guinea French: Guinée – République de Guinée	A UN member state	A None
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau Portuguese: Guiné-Bissau – República da Guiné-Bissau	A UN member state	A None
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana English: Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana	A UN member state	A None	All land west of the Essequibo River is claimed by Venezuela.[5]
Haiti – Republic of Haiti French: Haïti – République d’Haïti Haitian Creole: Ayiti – Repiblik d’Ayiti Spanish: Haití – República de Haití	A UN member state	A None
Holy See → Vatican City	UN member state	None
Honduras – Republic of Honduras Spanish: Honduras – República de Honduras	A UN member state	A None
Hungary Hungarian: Magyarország	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Iceland – Republic of Iceland Icelandic: Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland	A UN member state	A None
India – Republic of India Hindi: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Bhārat – Bhāratīya Gaṇarājya English: India – Republic of India Assamese: ভাৰত – ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য → Bhārôt – Bhārôt Gôṇrājẏô Bengali: ভারত – ভারতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র → Bhārôt – Bhārôtīyô Prôjātôntrô Bhojpuri: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇrādzya Gujarati: ભારત – ભારત ગણરાજ્ય → Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇrājya Kannada: ಭಾರತ – ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ → Bhārata – Bhārata Gaṇarājya Kashmiri: ہِندوستان → Hindustān Konkani: भारत – भारोत गोणराज → Bhārot – Bhārot Goṇrāj Maithili: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Bhārat – Bhārat Ganarājya Malayalam: ഭാരതം – ഭാരത ഗണരാജ്യം → Bhārataṃ – Bhārata Gaṇarājyaṃ Marathi: भारत – भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक → Bhārat – Bhāratīy Pradzāsattāk Meitei: ভারত – ভারত গণরাজ্য → Bhārata – Bhārata Gaṇarājya Nepali: भारत – भारत गणराज्य → Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇrādzya Oriya: ଭାରତ – ଭାରତ ଗଣରାଜ୍ଯ → Bhārôt – Bhārôt Gôṇrājẏô Punjabi: ਭਾਰਤ – ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ → Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇtãtar Sanskrit: भारतम् – भारत गणराज्यम् → Bhārat – Bhāratam Gaṇarājyam Sindhi: भारत, ڀارت – भारत गणराज्य, هندستانڀارت → Bhāratu – Bhārat Ganarājya Tamil: இந்தியா – இந்தியக் குடியரசு → Intiyā – Intiyak Kuṭiyaracu Telugu: భారత్ – భారత గణతంత్ర రాజ్యము → Bhārata – Bhārata Gaṇataṃtra Rājyamu Urdu: جمہوریہ بھارت – بھارت → Bhārat – Jumhūrīyâ-e Bhārat [19]	A UN member state	A None	India is a federation of 28 states and 7 union territories. Indian sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by the People's Republic of China.[5] India claims sovereignty over the whole of Kashmir, but administers only part of it as the federated state of Jammu and Kashmir.[Note 20]
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia Indonesian: Indonesia – Republik Indonesia	A UN member state	A None	Indonesia has 3 provinces with official special autonomy status: Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Papua, and West Papua.[Note 7]
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران – ایران → Īrān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān	A UN member state	A None
Iraq – Republic of Iraq Arabic: جمهورية العراق – العراق → Al ʿIrāq – Jumhūrīyat al ʿIrāq Kurdish: كۆماری عێراق – عێراق → ʿÎraq – Komara Îraqę [20]	A UN member state	A None	Iraq is a federation[Note 22][21] of 18 governorates, 3 of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[Note 7]
Ireland [Note 27] English: Ireland Irish: Éire	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] The Constitution of Ireland asserts the aspiration towards creating a United Ireland by peaceful means.[22]
Israel – State of Israel Hebrew: מדינת ישראל – ישראל → Yisra'el – Medinat Yisra'el Arabic: دولة إسرائيل – إسرائيل → Isrā'īl – Dawlat Isrā'īl	A UN member state	Not recognized by 33 states	Israel annexed East Jerusalem, and occupies the Golan Heights[23] and parts of the West Bank. These areas are not internationally-recognised as being part of Israel.[5] Israel no longer has a permanent military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, but is still considered the occupying power under international law.[24][25][26][27][28] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) and by the SADR.
Italy – Italian Republic Italian: Italia – Repubblica Italiana	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[Note 7]
Ivory Coast → Côte d'Ivoire	UN member state	None
Jamaica English: Jamaica Jamaican Patois: Jumieka	A UN member state	A None	Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Japan Japanese: 日本 – 日本国 → Nihon/Nippon – Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku[Note 28]	A UN member state	A None	Japan disputes Russian administration of the South Kuril Islands.
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Arabic: المملكة الأردنّيّة الهاشميّة – الأردن → Al Urdun – Al Mamlakah al Urdunīyah al Hāshimīyah	A UN member state	A None
Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakh: Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы → Qazaqstan – Qazaqstan Respūblīkasy Russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан → Kazahstan – Respublika Kazahstan	A UN member state	A None
Kenya – Republic of Kenya English: Kenya – Republic of Kenya Swahili: Kenya – Jamhuri ya Kenya	A UN member state	A None
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati Gilbertese: Kiribati – Ribaberiki Kiribati English: Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati	A UN member state	A None
Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea Korean: 조선 – 조선민주주의인민공화국 → Chosŏn – Chosŏn-minjujuŭi-inmin-konghwaguk	A UN member state	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.[Note 29][29]
Korea, South – Republic of Korea Korean: 한국 – 대한민국 → Han’guk – Taehan Min’guk	A UN member state	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.[Note 7][30] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[Note 29]
ZZZKosovo → Kosovo	UN member state	None
Kuwait – State of Kuwait Arabic: دولة الكويت – الكويت → Al Kuwayt – Dawlat al Kuwayt	A UN member state	A None
Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан – Кыргыз Республикасы → Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Respublikasy Russian: Кыргызстан – Кыргызская Республика → Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyzskaya Respublika	A UN member state	A None
Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic Lao: ລາວ – ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ → Lao – Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao	A UN member state	A None
Latvia – Republic of Latvia Latvian: Latvija – Latvijas Republika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic Arabic: الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة – لبنان → Lubnān – Al Jumhūrīyah al Lubnānīyah French: Liban – République libanaise	A UN member state	A None
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho English: Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho Sotho: Lesotho – Mmuso wa Lesotho	A UN member state	A None
Liberia – Republic of Liberia English: Liberia – Republic of Liberia	A UN member state	A None
Libya Arabic: ليبيا → Lībyā	A UN member state	A None	The former government of Muammar Gaddafi, which claims to be the sole legitimate representative of the Libyan people, still has some international recognition (see Foreign relations of the National Transitional Council and Foreign relations of Libya under Gaddafi).
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein German: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein	A UN member state	A None
Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania Lithuanian: Lietuva – Lietuvos Respublika	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg – Groussherzogdem Lëtzebuerg French: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché du Luxembourg German: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia Macedonian: Македонија – Република Македонија → Makedonija – Republika Makedonija Albanian: Maqedonia – Republika e Maqedonisë	A UN member state	A None	Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".
Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar Malagasy: Madagasikara – Repoblikan'i Madagasikara French: Madagascar – Republique de Madagascar	A UN member state	A None	Madagascar claims the French territories of Banc du Geyser, Juan de Nova Island, and the Glorioso Islands.[5]
Malawi – Republic of Malawi English: Malawi – Republic of Malawi Chewa: Malaŵi – Dziko la Malaŵi	A UN member state	A None
Malaysia Malay: Malaysia Jawi: مليسيا English: Malaysia Chinese: 马来西亚 → Măláixīyà Tamil: மலேசியா → Malēciyā [31]	A UN member state	A None	Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and 3 federal territories. Malaysia claims part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 12]
Maldives – Republic of Maldives Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ → Dhivehi Raajje – Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa	A UN member state	A None
Mali – Republic of Mali French: Mali – République du Mali	A UN member state	A None	Mali claims Azawad, an unrecognised state, as part of its sovereign territory.
Malta – Republic of Malta Maltese: Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta English: Malta – Republic of Malta	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands Marshallese: Aelōn̄ in M̧ajeļ – Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ[32] English: Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania Arabic: الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية – موريتانيا → Mūrītāniyā – Al Jumhūrīyah al Islāmīyah al Mūrītānīyah French: Mauritanie – République Islamique de la Mauritanie	A UN member state	A None
Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius English: Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius French: Île Maurice – République de Maurice Mauritian Creole: Moris – Repiblik Moris	A UN member state	A None	Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[Note 7] Mauritius claims the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French island of Tromelin.[5]
Mexico – United Mexican States Spanish: México – Estados Unidos Mexicanos	A UN member state	A None	Mexico is a federation of 31 states and 1 federal district.
Micronesia, Federated States of English: Federated States of Micronesia	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of 4 states.
Moldova – Republic of Moldova Romanian:[Note 30] Moldova – Republica Moldova	A UN member state	A None	Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.
Monaco – Principality of Monaco French: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco Monegasque: Múnegu – Principatu de Múnegu Italian: Monaco – Principato di Monaco	A UN member state	A None
Mongolia Mongolian: Монгол улс → Mongol uls	A UN member state	A None
Montenegro Montenegrin: Црна Гора → Crna Gora	A UN member state	A None
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco Arabic: المملكة المغربية – المغرب → Al Maghrib – Al Mamlakah al Maghribīyah Berber: ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ – ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ → Lmaɣrib – Tagldit n Lmaɣrib[33]	A UN member state	A None	Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputes Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Melilla and the "Plazas de soberanía".[5]
Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique Portuguese: Moçambique – República de Moçambique	A UN member state	A None
Myanmar → Burma	UN member state	None
ZZZNagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh	UN member state	None
Namibia – Republic of Namibia English: Namibia – Republic of Namibia	A UN member state	A None
Nauru – Republic of Nauru Nauruan: Naoero – Ripublik Naoero English: Nauru – Republic of Nauru	A UN member state	A None
Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Nepali: नेपाल – संघिय लोकतन्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल → Nepāl – Saṁghīya Loktāntrik Gaṇatantra Nepāl	A UN member state	A None	Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Dutch: Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden Papiamentu: Hulanda (or Ulanda) – Reino di Hulanda English: Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Frisian: Nederlân – Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:  Netherlands  Aruba  Curaçao  Sint Maarten The monarch and her ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of the country the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands (Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius) became special municipalities of the Netherlands. The designation "Netherlands" can refer to either one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g., in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
New Zealand English: New Zealand Māori: Aotearoa	A UN member state	A None	New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] and has responsibilities for (but has no sovereignty over) two freely associated states:  Cook Islands  Niue The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 31 and 6 UN members respectively.[34][35][36] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[37] and are members of some UN specialized agencies. New Zealand has the dependent territories of:  Ross Dependency [Note 9]  Tokelau The Tokelauan government claims sovereignty over Swains Island, part of American Samoa, a territory of the United States.[38] New Zealand does not recognize the Tokelauan claim.[39]
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Spanish: Nicaragua – República de Nicaragua	A UN member state	A Claims the San Andrés archipelago, currently part of Colombian territorial waters	Nicaragua contains 2 autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[Note 7]
Niger – Republic of Niger French: Niger – République du Niger Hausa: Nijar – Jamhuriyar Nijar	A UN member state	A None
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria English: Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria Hausa: Nijeriya – Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Nijeriya Igbo: Naigeria – Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà Yoruba: Naìjírìà – Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà	A UN member state	A None	Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.
ZZZNiue → Niue	UN member state	None
ZZZNorthern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus	UN member state	None
North Korea → Korea, Democratic People's Republic of	UN member state	None
Norway – Kingdom of Norway Bokmål: Norge – Kongeriket Norge Nynorsk: Noreg – Kongeriket Noreg	A UN member state	A None	Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty. Bouvet Island is a dependent territory of Norway. Norway also claims Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land as dependent territories of Norway.[Note 9]
Oman – Sultanate of Oman Arabic: سلطنة عُمان – عُمان → ʿUmān – Salţanat ʿUmān	A UN member state	A None
Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان → Pākistān – Islāmī Jamhūriya Pākistān English: Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Punjabi: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان – پاکستان Sindhi: پاکستان گنراجیۃ – پاکستان → Pākistān – Pākistān Ganarājya Persian: جمهوری اسلامی پاکستان – پاکستان	A UN member state	A None	Pakistan is a federation of 4 provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes Indian sovereignty over Kashmir. It exercises control over some areas, but does not explicitly claim any part of it,[40][41] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[42][43] The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[Note 20]  Azad Kashmir  Gilgit–Baltistan
Palau – Republic of Palau Palauan: Belau – Beluu er a Belau English: Palau – Republic of Palau	A UN member state	A None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
ZZZPalestine → Palestine	UN member state	None
Panama – Republic of Panama English: Panama – Republic of Panama Spanish: Panamá – República de Panamá	A UN member state	A None
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea English: Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini – Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini[44] Hiri Motu: Papuaniugini	A UN member state	A None	Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[Note 7]
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Guarani: Paraguay – Tetã Paraguái Spanish: Paraguay – República del Paraguay	A UN member state	A None
Peru – Republic of Peru Spanish: Perú – República del Perú Aymara: Piruw – Piruw Republika Quechua: Piruw – Piruw Suyu[45]	A UN member state	A None
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Filipino and Tagalog: Pilipinas – Republika ng Pilipinas English: Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Spanish: Filipinas – República de Filipinas	A UN member state	A None	The Philippines contains two autonomous regions, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao[Note 7] and the Cordillera Administrative Region.[46] The Philippines administers Scarborough Shoal and some of the Spratly Islands,[Note 12] and claims sovereignty over the Macclesfield Bank and Sabah, which is part of Malaysia.[5]
Poland – Republic of Poland Polish: Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Portugal – Portuguese Republic Portuguese: Portugal – República Portuguesa Mirandese: Pertual – República Pertuesa	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Portugal contains 2 autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[Note 7] Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga.[5]
Pridnestrovie → Transnistria	UN member state	None
Qatar – State of Qatar Arabic: دولة قطر – قطر → Qaţar – Dawlat Qaţar	A UN member state	A None
Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the	UN member state	None
Romania Romanian: România Hungarian: Románia	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Russia – Russian Federation Russian: Россия – Российская Федерация → Rossiya – Rossiyskaya Federatsiya	A UN member state	A None	Russia is officially a federation of 83 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[Note 7] Sovereignty over the South Kuril Islands is disputed by Japan.
Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda Kinyarwanda: Rwanda – Republika y'u Rwanda French: Rwanda – République du Rwanda English: Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda	A UN member state	A None
ZZZSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	UN member state	None
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis English: Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis	A UN member state	A None	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] and is a federation [Note 22] of 14 parishes.
Saint Lucia English: Saint Lucia Saint Lucian Creole: Sentlisi	A UN member state	A None	Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines English and Vincentian Creole: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	A UN member state	A None	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Samoa – Independent State of Samoa Samoan: Sāmoa – Malo Sa‘oloto Tuto'atasi o Sāmoa English: Samoa – Independent State of Samoa	A UN member state	A None
San Marino – Republic of San Marino Italian: San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino	A UN member state	A None
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe – República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe	A UN member state	A None	São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[Note 7]
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Arabic: المملكة العربيّة السّعوديّة – السعودية → As Su‘ūdīyah – Al Mamlakah al ‘Arabīyah as Su‘ūdīyah	A UN member state	A None
Senegal – Republic of Senegal French: Sénégal – République du Sénégal	A UN member state	A None
Serbia – Republic of Serbia Serbian: Србија – Република Србија → Srbija – Republika Srbija Hungarian: Szerbia – a Szerbia Köztársaság Albanian: Serbia – Republika e Serbisë	A UN member state	A None	Serbia contains 2 autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[Note 7] Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.
22x20px Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles English: Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles French: Seychelles – République des Seychelles Seselwa: Sesel – Repiblik Sesel	A UN member state	A None	Seychelles claims the British Indian Ocean Territory.[5]
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone English: Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone	A UN member state	A None
Singapore – Republic of Singapore English: Singapore – Republic of Singapore Malay: Singapura – Republik Singapura Chinese: 新加坡 – 新加坡共和国 → Xinjiapo – Xinjiapo Gongheguo Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் – சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு → Chiṅkappūr – Chiṅkappūr Kuṭiyarachu	A UN member state	A None
Slovakia – Slovak Republic Slovak: Slovensko – Slovenská republika Hungarian: Szlovákia – Szlovák Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia Slovenian: Slovenija – Republika Slovenija Italian: Slovenia – Repubblica slovena Hungarian: Szlovénia – a Szlovén Köztársaság	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Solomon Islands English: Solomon Islands	A UN member state	A None	The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Somalia – Somali Republic Somali: Soomaaliya – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya Arabic: جمهورية الصومال – الصومال → Aş Şūmāl – Jumhūrīyat aş Şūmāl English: Somali Republic Italian: Somalo Repubblica	A UN member state	A None	Somalia is presently divided with its official government (TFG) controlling only part of the country. Puntland and Galmudug have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the TFG does not recognise),[47][Need quotation to verify] while Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
ZZZSomaliland → Somaliland	UN member state	None
South Africa – Republic of South Africa Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika – Republiek van Suid-Afrika English: South Africa – Republic of South Africa Northern Sotho: Afrika-Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa Sotho: Afrika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa Southern Ndebele: Sewula Afrika – iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika Swazi: Ningizimu Afrika – iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika Tsonga: Afrika Dzonga – Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga Tswana: Aforika Borwa – Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa Venda: Afurika Tshipembe – Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe Xhosa: uMzantsi Afrika – iRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika Zulu: Ningizimu Afrika – iRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika	A UN member state	A None
South Korea → Korea, Republic of	UN member state	None
ZZZSouth Ossetia → South Ossetia	UN member state	None
South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan English: South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan	A UN member state	A None	South Sudan is a federation of 10 states. Disputes Abyei with the Republic of the Sudan.[5]
Spain – Kingdom of Spain Spanish: España – Reino de España Basque: Espainia – Espainiako Erresuma Catalan: Espanya – Regne d'Espanya Galician: España – Reino de España Occitan: Espanha – Reialme d'Espanha[12][48]	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] Spain is divided into autonomous communities and cities.[Note 7] Sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas is disputed by Morocco. Sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga is disputed by Portugal. Spain calls for sovereignty over Gibraltar.[5]
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා – ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය → Shrī Laṁkā – Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya Tamil: இலங்கை – இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு → Ilaṅkai – Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Choṣhalichak Kuṭiyarachu	A UN member state	A None	Formerly known as Ceylon.
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan Arabic: جمهورية السودان – السودان → As Sūdān – Jumhūrīyat as Sūdān English: Sudan – Republic of the Sudan	A UN member state	A None	Sudan is a federation of 17 states. Disputes Abyei and Kafia Kingi with South Sudan.
ZZZSudan, South → South Sudan	UN member state	None
Suriname – Republic of Suriname Dutch: Suriname – Republiek Suriname Sranan Tongo: Sranankondre – Ripoliku Sranan	A UN member state	A None
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland English: Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland Swazi: eSwatini – Umbuso weSwatini	A UN member state	A None
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden Swedish: Sverige – Konungariket Sverige	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4]
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation German: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft French: Suisse – Confédération suisse Italian: Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Svizra – Confederaziun Svizra Latin: Helvetia – Confoederatio Helvetica	A UN member state	A None	Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربيّة السّوريّة – سورية → Sūrīyah – Al Jumhūrīyah al ‘Arabīyah as Sūrīyah	A UN member state	A None	Israel occupies the Golan Heights.[23]
ZZZTaiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan	UN member state	None
Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan Tajik: Тоҷикистон – Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон → Tojikiston – Jumhurii Tojikiston	A UN member state	A None	Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[Note 7]
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania Swahili: Tanzania – Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania English: Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania	A UN member state	A None	Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[Note 7]
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand Thai: ประเทศไทย – ราชอาณาจักรไทย → Prathet Thai – Ratcha Anachak Thai	A UN member state	A None
Timor-Leste → East Timor	UN member state	None
Togo – Togolese Republic French: Togo – République togolaise	A UN member state	A None
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga Tongan: Tonga – Pule'anga Tonga English: Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga	A UN member state	A None
ZZZTransnistria → Transnistria	UN member state	None
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago English: Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Tobagonian Creole: Trinidad an Tobago – Repiblik of Trinidad an Tobago Trinidadian Creole: Trinidad at Tobago – Repiblik na Trinidad at Tobago	A UN member state	A None	Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[Note 7]
Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية – تونس → Tūnis – Al Jumhūrīyah at Tūnisīyah French: Tunisie – République tunisienne	A UN member state	A None
Turkey – Republic of Turkey Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kurdish: Tirkiye – Komara Tirkiyeyê	A UN member state	A None
Turkmenistan Turkmenian: Türkmenistan	A UN member state	A None
Tuvalu Tuvaluan and English: Tuvalu	A UN member state	A None	Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 6]
Uganda – Republic of Uganda English: Uganda – Republic of Uganda Swahili: Uganda – Jamhuri ya Uganda Luganda: Uganda – Ensi ya Yuganda	A UN member state	A None
Ukraine Ukrainian: Україна → Ukrajina Russian: Украина → Ukraina	A UN member state	A None	Ukraine contains 1 autonomous region, Crimea.[Note 7]
United Arab Emirates Arabic: اَلإمَارَات اَلْعَرَبِيَّة اَلْمُتَّحِدَة → Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḩidah	A UN member state	A None	The United Arab Emirates is a federation of 7 emirates.
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland English: United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Scots: Unitit Kinrick – Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland Scottish Gaelic: Rìoghachd Aonaichte – Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mòire agus Èireann a Tuath Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig – Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon[49]	A UN member state	A None	Member of the EU.[Note 4] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[Note 6] consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:  Akrotiri and Dhekelia  Anguilla  Bermuda  British Indian Ocean Territory (disputed by Mauritius and Seychelles)[5]  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Falkland Islands (disputed by Argentina)[5]  Gibraltar (status disputed by Spain)  Montserrat  Pitcairn Islands  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands  Turks and Caicos Islands  British Antarctic Territory [Note 9] (disputed by Argentina and Chile) The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:  Guernsey, with three dependencies:  Alderney  Herm  Sark  Isle of Man  Jersey
United States – United States of America English: United States – United States of America French: États-Unis – États-Unis d'Amérique Hawaiian: ʻAmelika Hui – ‘Amelika Huipū‘ia[50] Spanish: Estados Unidos – Estados Unidos de América	A UN member state	A None	The United States is a federation of 50 states, 1 federal district, and the incorporated territory of Palmyra Atoll. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:  American Samoa (including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)  Guam  Northern Mariana Islands  Puerto Rico  U.S. Virgin Islands In addition, there are uninhabited possessions of the United States in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Navassa Island, and Wake Island. The United States also asserts claims to Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank.[5]
Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay Spanish: Uruguay – República Oriental del Uruguay Portuguese: Uruguai – República Oriental do Uruguai	A UN member state	A None
Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan Uzbek: Ўзбекистон – Ўзбекистон Республикаси → O'zbekiston – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi [51]	A UN member state	A None	Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[Note 7]
Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu Bislama: Vanuatu – Ripablik blong Vanuatu English: Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu French: Vanuatu – République du Vanuatu	A UN member state	A None
Vatican City – State of the Vatican City Latin: Civitas Vaticana – Status Civitatis Vaticanæ Italian: Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano[12]	A UN observer state	A None	Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 178 states. The Holy See is a permanent observer of the UN in the category of "Non-member State"[52] and a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Archdiocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. The Holy See also administers a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy.
Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Spanish: Venezuela – República Bolivariana de Venezuela	A UN member state	A None	Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam Vietnamese: Việt Nam – Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam	A UN member state	A None	Vietnam claims sovereignty over the Paracel[Note 19] and Spratly Islands.[Note 12][5]
Yemen – Republic of Yemen Arabic: الجمهوريّة اليمنية – اليمن → Al Yaman – Al Jumhūrīyah al Yamanīyah	A UN member state	A None
Zambia – Republic of Zambia English: Zambia – Republic of Zambia Bemba: Zambia – Ichalo Ca Zambia Kaonde: Zambia – Kyalo Kya Zambia Lozi: Zambia – Naha Zambia Ye Ipusa Chewa: Zambia – Dziko La Zambia Tonga: Zambia – Cisi Ca Zambia[12]	A UN member state	A None
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe English: Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe Ndebele: Zimbabwe – iRiphabliki ye Zimbabwe	A UN member state	A None
ZZZ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑	A ZZZ	ZZZ
ZZZ	AB	B
ZZZ↓ Other states ↓	D AAA	ZZZ
Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia Abkhaz: Аҧсны – Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра → Apsny – Apsny Akheyntkarra Russian: Aбхазия – Республика Абхазия → Abhaziya – Respublika Abhaziya	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Tuvalu,[53] Vanuatu, Venezuela,[54] South Ossetia and Transnistria.[55] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Azawad – Independent State of Azawad Arabic: دولة أزواد المستقلة – أزواد → Azawād – Dawlat Azawād al-Mustaqillah French: Azawad – l'Etat Independant de l’Azawad Tamasheq: ⴰⵣⴰⵓⴰⴷ	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	Independence from Mali declared on 6 April 2012.[56] No recognitions have been given.
Cook Islands English: Cook Islands Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani	D Member of some UN specialized agencies	A None	A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by Japan,[57] Netherlands[58] and China.[59] The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[37] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo Albanian: Kosova – Republika e Kosovës Serbian: Косово / Kosovo – Република Косово / Republika Kosovo	D Member of some UN specialized agencies	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has received diplomatic recognition from 91 UN member states and the Republic of China. Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo is formally under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ – Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Հանրապետություն → Leṙnalin Ġarabaġ – Leṙnayin Ġarabaġi Hanrapetut‘yun	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	A de facto independent state,[60][61] recognised only by Abkhazia,[62] South Ossetia[62] and Transnistria.[62][63] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[64]
Niue English: Niue Niuean: Niuē	D Member of some UN specialized agencies	A None	A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by China.[65] Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[37] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti	D No membership	Claimed by Cyprus	Recognised only by Turkey. It has participated as an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation under the name "Turkish Cypriot State" since 1979. In addition, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan has not followed suit.[citation needed] Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[66]
Palestine – State of Palestine Arabic: دولة فلسطين – فلسطين → Filasṭin – Dawlat Filasṭin	D Member of one UN specialized agency	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 130 states.[67] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed.[68] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, which has permanent observer status at the United Nations General Assembly as a non-member entity.[52] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO.[69]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية → Al-Jumhūrīya al-`Arabīya as-Sahrāwīya ad-Dīmuqrātīya Spanish: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	Recognised by 84 other states. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland Somali: Soomaaliland – Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland Arabic: جمهورية أرض الصومال – أرض الصومال → Ard as-Sūmāl – Jumhūrīyat Ard as-Sūmāl	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	A de facto independent state,[70][71][72] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Somali Republic.[73]
South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикæ Хуссар Ирыстон → Khussar Iryston – Respublikæ Khussar Iryston Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия → Yuzhnaya Osetiya – Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	A de facto independent state,[74] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,[54] Abkhazia and Transnistria.[55] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[75]
Taiwan – Republic of China[Note 16] Chinese: 中華民國 → Zhōnghuá Mínguó [Note 31]	D Former UN member state; Participant in some UN related organizations as "Chinese Taipei"	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[Note 12] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[76] The Republic of China is recognised by 23 states as of 2011, including the Holy See. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 18] The Republic of China participates in the World Health Organization and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei". The Republic of China enjoyed UN membership from 1945 to 1971.
Transnistria – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester) Russian: Приднестровье – Приднестровская Молдавская Республика → Pridnestrovye – Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika Ukrainian: Придністров'я – Придністровська Молдавська Республіка → Pridnistrov'ya – Pridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika Romanian: Транснистрия – Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ → Transnistria – Republica Moldovenească Nistreană	D No membership	B Claimed by Georgia Claimed by North Korea Claimed by Serbia Claimed by Somalia Claimed by the People's Republic of China Claimed by the Republic of China Claimed by South Korea Claimed by Azerbaijan Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus Disputed by Israel Claimed by Morocco Claimed by Moldova Claimed by Mali	A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[55] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.[77]
ZZZ↑ Other states ↑	D ZZZ	ZZZ
ZZZZ	ZZZZ	ZZZZ