The jaguar ( or ; ''Panthera onca'') is a big cat, a feline in the ''Panthera'' genus, and is the only ''Panthera'' species found in the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. The jaguar's present range extends from Southern United States and Mexico across much of Central America and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Apart from a known and possibly breeding population in Arizona (southeast of Tucson), the cat has largely been extirpated from the United States since the early 20th century.

This spotted cat most closely resembles the leopard physically, although it is usually larger and of sturdier build and its behavioural and habitat characteristics are closer to those of the tiger. While dense rainforest is its preferred habitat, the jaguar will range across a variety of forested and open terrains. It is strongly associated with the presence of water and is notable, along with the tiger, as a feline that enjoys swimming. The jaguar is largely a solitary, opportunistic, stalk-and-ambush predator at the top of the food chain (an apex predator). It is a keystone species, playing an important role in stabilizing ecosystems and regulating the populations of the animals it hunts. The jaguar has an exceptionally powerful bite, even relative to the other big cats. This allows it to pierce the shells of armoured reptiles and to employ an unusual killing method: it bites directly through the skull of prey between the ears to deliver a fatal bite to the brain.

The jaguar is a near threatened species and its numbers are declining. Threats include loss and fragmentation of habitat. While international trade in jaguars or their parts is prohibited, the cat is still frequently killed by humans, particularly in conflicts with ranchers and farmers in South America. Although reduced, its range remains large; given its historical distribution, the jaguar has featured prominently in the mythology of numerous indigenous American cultures, including that of the Maya and Aztec.

Etymology [link]

It comes to English from one of the Tupi–Guarani languages, presumably the Amazonian trade language Tupinambá, via Portuguese ''jaguar''. The Tupian word, ''yaguara'' "beast", is sometimes translated as "dog". The specific word for jaguar is ''yaguareté'', with the suffix -''eté'' meaning "real" or "true".

The first component of its taxonomic designation, ''Panthera'', is Latin, from the Greek word for leopard, ''πάνθηρ'', the type species for the genus. This has been said to derive from the ''παν-'' "all" and ''θήρ'' from ''θηρευτής'' "predator", meaning "predator of all" (animals), though this may be a folk etymology—it may instead be ultimately of Sanskrit origin, from ''pundarikam'', the Sanskrit word for "tiger".

''Onca'' is the Portuguese ''onça'', with the cedilla dropped for typographical reasons, found in English as ''ounce'' for the snow leopard, ''Uncia uncia''. It derives from the Latin ''lyncea'' lynx, with the letter L confused with the definite article (Italian ''lonza'', Old French ''l'once)''.

In many Central and South American countries, the cat is referred to as ''el tigre'' (the tiger).

Taxonomy [link]

The jaguar, ''Panthera onca'', is the only extant New World member of the ''Panthera'' genus. DNA evidence shows the lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, snow leopard, and clouded leopard share a common ancestor, and that this group is between six and ten million years old; the fossil record points to the emergence of ''Panthera'' just two to 3.8 million years ago. Phylogenetic studies generally have shown the clouded leopard (''Neofelis nebulosa'') is basal to this group. The position of the remaining species varies between studies and is effectively unresolved.

Based on morphological evidence, British zoologist Reginald Pocock concluded the jaguar is most closely related to the leopard. However, DNA evidence is inconclusive and the position of the jaguar relative to the other species varies between studies. Fossils of extinct ''Panthera'' species, such as the European jaguar (''Panthera gombaszoegensis'') and the American lion (''Panthera atrox''), show characteristics of both the lion and the jaguar. Analysis of jaguar mitochondrial DNA has dated the species' lineage to between 280,000 and 510,000 years ago, later than suggested by fossil records.

Asian ancestry [link]

While jaguars now live only in the Americas, they are descended from Old World cats. Two million years ago, scientists believe, the jaguar and its closest relative, the similarly spotted leopard, shared a common ancestor in Asia. In the early Pleistocene, the forerunners of modern jaguars crept across Beringia, the land bridge that once spanned the Bering Strait and connected Asia and North America. These jaguar ancestors then moved south into Central and South America, feeding on the deer and other grazing animals that once covered the landscape in huge herds.

Geographical variation [link]

The last taxonomic delineation of the jaguar subspecies was performed by Pocock in 1939. Based on geographic origins and skull morphology, he recognized eight subspecies. However, he did not have access to sufficient specimens to critically evaluate all subspecies, and he expressed doubt about the status of several. Later consideration of his work suggested only three subspecies should be recognized.

Recent studies have also failed to find evidence for well-defined subspecies, and are no longer recognized. Larson (1997) studied the morphological variation in the jaguar and showed there is clinal north–south variation, but also the differentiation within the supposed subspecies is larger than that between them, and thus does not warrant subspecies subdivision. A genetic study by Eizirik and coworkers in 2001 confirmed the absence of a clear geographical subspecies structure, although they found that major geographical barriers, such as the Amazon River, limited the exchange of genes between the different populations. A subsequent, more-detailed study confirmed the predicted population structure within the Colombian jaguars.

Pocock's subspecies divisions are still regularly listed in general descriptions of the cat. Seymour grouped these in three subspecies.

# ''Panthera onca onca'': Venezuela through the Amazon, including #* ''P. onca peruviana'' (Peruvian jaguar): Coastal Peru # ''P. onca hernandesii'' (Mexican jaguar): Western Mexico – including #* ''P. onca centralis'' (Central American jaguar): El Salvador to Colombia #* ''P. onca arizonensis'' (Arizonan jaguar): Southern Arizona to Sonora, Mexico #* ''P. onca veraecrucis'': Central Texas to southeastern Mexico #* ''P. onca goldmani'' (Goldman's jaguar): Yucatán Peninsula to Belize and Guatemala # ''P. onca palustris'' (the largest subspecies, weighing more than 135 kg or 300 lb): The Pantanal regions of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, along the Paraguay River into Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.

The ''Mammal Species of the World'' continues to recognize nine subspecies, the eight subspecies above and additionally ''P. o. paraguensis''.

Biology and behavior [link]

Physical characteristics [link]

The jaguar is a compact and well-muscled animal. Size and weight vary considerably: weights are normally in the range of 56–96 kilograms (124–211 lb). Larger males have been recorded to weigh as much as (roughly matching a tigress or lioness), and the smallest females have low weights of . Females are typically 10–20% smaller than males. The length of the cats varies from , and their tails may add a further . It stands tall at the shoulders. Like the slightly smaller Old World leopard, this cat is relatively short and stocky in build.

Further variations in size have been observed across regions and habitats, with size tending to increase from the north to south. A study of the jaguar in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the Mexican Pacific coast, showed ranges of just about 50 kilograms (110 lb), about the size of the cougar. By contrast, a study of the jaguar in the Brazilian Pantanal region found average weights of 100 kilograms (220 lb), and weights of or more are not uncommon in old males. Forest jaguars are frequently darker and considerably smaller than those found in open areas (the Pantanal is an open wetland basin), possibly due to the smaller numbers of large, herbivorous prey in forest areas.

A short and stocky limb structure makes the jaguar adept at climbing, crawling and swimming. The head is robust and the jaw extremely powerful. The jaguar has the strongest bite of all felids, capable of biting down with . This is twice the strength of a lion and the second strongest of all mammals after the spotted hyena; this strength adaptation allows the jaguar to pierce turtle shells. A comparative study of bite force adjusted for body size ranked it as the top felid, alongside the clouded leopard and ahead of the lion and tiger. It has been reported that "an individual jaguar can drag a 360 kg (800 lb) bull 8 m (25 ft) in its jaws and pulverize the heaviest bones". The jaguar hunts wild animals weighing up to 300 kilograms (660 lb) in dense jungle, and its short and sturdy physique is thus an adaptation to its prey and environment. The base coat of the jaguar is generally a tawny yellow, but can range to reddish-brown and black, for most of the body. However the ventral surfacess are white. The cat is covered in rosettes for camouflage in the dappled light of its forest habitat. The spots vary over individual coats and between individual jaguars: rosettes may include one or several dots, and the shapes of the dots vary. The spots on the head and neck are generally solid, as are those on the tail, where they may merge to form a band.

While the jaguar closely resembles the leopard, it is sturdier and heavier, and the two animals can be distinguished by their rosettes: the rosettes on a jaguar's coat are larger, fewer in number, usually darker, and have thicker lines and small spots in the middle that the leopard lacks. Jaguars also have rounder heads and shorter, stockier limbs compared to leopards.

Colour morphism [link]

Colour morphism occurs in the species. A near-black melanistic form occurs regularly. Jaguars with melanism appear entirely black, although their spots are still visible on close examination.

The black morph is less common than the spotted form but, at about six percent of the population, it is several orders of magnitude above the rate of mutation. Hence, it is being supported by selection. Some evidence indicates the melanism allele is dominant. The black form may be an example of heterozygote advantage; breeding in captivity is not yet conclusive on this.

Melanistic jaguars are informally known as black panthers, but like all forms of polymorphism, they do not form a separate species.

Extremely rare albino individuals, sometimes called white panthers, also occur among jaguars, as with the other big cats. As usual with albinos in the wild, selection keeps the frequency close to the rate of mutation.

Reproduction and life cycle [link]

Jaguar females reach sexual maturity at about two years of age, and males at three or four. The cat is believed to mate throughout the year in the wild, although births may increase when prey is plentiful. Research on captive male jaguars supports the year-round mating hypothesis, with no seasonal variation in semen traits and ejaculatory quality; low reproductive success has also been observed in captivity. Female estrus is 6–17 days out of a full 37-day cycle, and females will advertise fertility with urinary scent marks and increased vocalization. Both sexes will range more widely than usual during courtship.

Mating pairs separate after the act, and females provide all parenting. The gestation period lasts 93–105 days; females give birth to up to four cubs, and most commonly to two. The mother will not tolerate the presence of males after the birth of cubs, given a risk of infanticide; this behaviour is also found in the tiger.. There are multiple zoological reports of jaguar in California, two as far north as Monterey in 1814 (Langsdorff) and 1826 (Beechey). The coastal Diegueño (Kumeyaay people) of San Diego and Cahuilla Indians of Palm Springs had words for jaguar and the cats persisted there until about 1860. The only recorded description of an active jaguar den with breeding adults and kittens in the U.S. was in the Tehachapi Mountains of California prior to 1860. In 1843, Rufus Sage, an explorer and experienced observer recorded jaguar present on the headwaters of the North Platte River 30–50 miles north of Long's Peak in Colorado. Cabot's 1544 map has a drawing of jaguar ranging over the Pennsylvania and Ohio valleys. Historically, the jaguar was recorded in far eastern Texas, and the northern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. However, since the 1940s, the jaguar has been limited to the southern parts of these states. Although less reliable than zoological records, native American artefacts with possible jaguar motifs range from the Pacific Northwest to Pennsylvania and Florida.

Jaguars were rapidly eliminated by Anglo-Americans in the United States, along with most other large predators. The last female jaguar in the United States was shot by a hunter in Arizona's White Mountains in 1963. In 1969, Arizona outlawed most jaguar hunting, but with no females known to be at large, there was little hope the population could rebound. During the next 25 years, only two jaguars were documented in the United States, both killed: a large male shot in 1971 near the Santa Cruz River by two teenage duck hunters, and another male cornered by hounds in the Dos Cabezas Mountains in 1986. Then in 1996, Warner Glenn, a rancher and hunting guide from Douglas, Arizona, came across a jaguar in the Peloncillo Mountains and became a jaguar researcher, placing webcams which recorded four more Arizona jaguars.

On November 19, 2011, a 200-pound male jaguar was photographed near Cochise in southern Arizona by a hunter after being treed by his dogs (the animal left the scene unharmed). This is the last jaguar seen since another male, named Macho B, died shortly after being radio-collared by Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD) officials in March, 2009. In the Macho B incident, a former AGFD subcontractor pleaded guilty to violating the endangered species act for trapping the cat and a Game and Fish employee was fired for lying to federal investigators. None of the other four male jaguars sighted in Arizona in the last 15 years have been seen since 2006. However, a second 2011 sighting of an Arizona jaguar was reported by a Homeland Security border pilot in June 2011, and conservation researchers sighted two jaguars within 30 miles of the Mexico/U.S. border in 2010.

Legal action by the Center for Biological Diversity led to federal listing of the cat on the endangered species list in 1997. However, on January 7, 2008, George W. Bush appointee H. Dale Hall, Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, signed a recommendation to abandon jaguar recovery as a federal goal under the Endangered Species Act. Critics, including the Center of Biological Diversity and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, were concerned the jaguar was being sacrificed for the government's new border fence, which is to be built along many of the cat's typical crossings between the United States and Mexico. In 2010, the Obama Administration reversed the Bush Administration policy and pledged to protect "critical habitat" and draft a recovery plan for the species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is under a court order to develop a jaguar recovery plan and designate critical habitat for the cats.

In mythology and culture [link]

Pre-Columbian Americas [link]

In pre-Columbian Central and South America, the jaguar has long been a symbol of power and strength. Among the Andean cultures, a jaguar cult disseminated by the early Chavín culture became accepted over most of what is today Peru by 900 BC. The later Moche culture of northern Peru used the jaguar as a symbol of power in many of their ceramics.

In Mesoamerica, the Olmec—an early and influential culture of the Gulf Coast region roughly contemporaneous with the Chavín—developed a distinct "were-jaguar" motif of sculptures and figurines showing stylised jaguars or humans with jaguar characteristics. In the later Maya civilization, the jaguar was believed to facilitate communication between the living and the dead and to protect the royal household. The Maya saw these powerful felines as their companions in the spiritual world, and a number of Maya rulers bore names that incorporated the Mayan word for jaguar (''b'alam'' in many of the Mayan languages). The Aztec civilization shared this image of the jaguar as the representative of the ruler and as a warrior. The Aztecs formed an elite warrior class known as the Jaguar Knights. In Aztec mythology, the jaguar was considered to be the totem animal of the powerful deity Tezcatlipoca.

}}

Bibliography[link]

External links [link]

More pictures and information from Arkive

BBC videos on Jaguars

People and Jaguars a Guide for Coexistence

Felidae Conservation Fund

Category:Panthera Category:Animals described in 1758 Category:Fauna of the Southwestern United States Category:Mammals of North America Category:Mammals of South America Category:Mammals of the United States Category:Megafauna of North America Category:Megafauna of South America Category:National symbols of Guyana Category:Portuguese loanwords Category:Mammals of Costa Rica Category:Mammals of Mexico Category:Mammals of Guatemala Category:Mammals of Venezuela Category:Near threatened animals

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DJ Rolando (born Rolando Rocha)

References[link]

External links[link]

http://www.renegaderhythms.com/home.html?main=http://www.renegaderhythms.com/articles/ur/home.html

http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=jaguar

http://www.residentadvisor.net/feature-read.aspx?id=354

DJ Rolando at Discogs.com

Category:American dance musicians Category:American electronic musicians Category:American techno musicians Category:American DJs Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Club DJs Category:Remixers

de:DJ Rolando es:DJ Rolando fr:DJ Rolando pl:DJ Rolando

name	Sébastien Léger
birth name	Sébastien Léger
background	non_performing_personnel
alias	Sébastien "Legend" Léger, Seb, Elesse, Sebago, The White Duck
birth date	February 03, 1979
Birth place	Evry, France
genre	House, tech house, techno
occupation	DJ, Producer
years active	1999 - present
label	Mistakes Music, Rising Music, Black Jack
website	www.sebastienleger.net }}

Sébastien Léger is a French house DJ and producer. Currently ranked 138 on ''The DJ List'', his singles "Hit Girl", "Hypnotized" and "Aqualight" have become hit dance singles played in clubs across Europe.

Beginning 2010 in fine form, his label, Mistakes, has further strengthened his role as one of Europe’s leading proponents of contemporary underground techno. The antithesis of the showman that is fellow countryman, David Guetta, Leger mines a wholly different vein, updating the rich musical histories of Detroit and Chicago with a quiet determination and no-nonsense approach.

His much lauded ability to fashion intricate rhythms from cold and lifeless circuitry stems from a classical background, but formal musical training is but one half of the story; having served his ‘apprenticeship’ in clubs around France in his teens.

The 1990s saw the first explosion of French dance music culture, and as a young producer and DJ, he saw his heroes such as Laurent Garnier, Daft Punk, and Etienne De Crecy, begin to carve out a distinctive new wave of electronic music. He began producing at the end of that decade, and though surrounded with French filter house, he looked across the Atlantic for his own inspiration, with Underground Resistance, Derrick May, and Juan Atkins being a few prime examples.

Heritage techno might be an influence, but it’s a mere reference point for Sebastien’s productions and the output from his label, as he’s always made technology dance to his very own, distinct tune. Leger is thoroughly 21st century in his delivery and execution, packing a punch that has seen Mistakes become a best-seller on Beatport, and an imprint that is defining a new sound away from the soulless beats and clicks of minimal.

Tracks such as ‘Binola’, ‘The White Island’, and ‘The Rhythm’, lie at the funkier end of the techno scale, throbbing and coursing with a proudly European sensibility; but regional influences aside, the reception to Leger’s recorded output ensures his popularity remains truly global.

Over 50 Eps for labels including Black Jack, Ovum, Intec, SCI+TEC, and beyond, make for an enviable discography, but as the cliché goes, you’re as good as your last record, and Leger has always kept the bar high despite a prolific release schedule.

His remix for Cirez D’s ‘On/Off’ on Mouseville, shows that he doesn’t just keep his best ideas for himself. Léger has consistently pushed his production boundaries and adapted himself to the sounds and technology around him. Despite his more cerebral sound of late, he brings to proceedings a dancefloor sensibility that is all about the ‘funk’, injected with a heart and soul attitude that means his music is never clinical.

In addition to his studio exploits, a busy DJ diary means gigs across the planet, from Germany to Japan, the UK to Ibiza, and the US to Asia. It’s a schedule that means Sebastien remains at the forefront of modern EDM, taking his music to wherever dance culture shines brightest.

Discography [link]

Singles and albums [link]

{| width="100%" | width="50%" valign="top" |

width="0%"	Year	Title	Label
1999	Sébastien Léger - ''There Is Life After Us EP''	Black Jack
1999	The White Duck - ''The Groove'' / ''The Million Dollar Track''
2000	Sébastien Léger - Untitled (4 Tracks)
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Astrosyn Skunk'' / ''The Babe Coke''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Atomic Pop LP''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Hysterik Conspiration'' / ''Amnezik Impulsion''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Midnight In Galaxy'' / ''Diametrik Acidness''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Off The Wall''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''We Are''
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''You Can Hide From Your Beat''
2001	Elesse - ''Pop Corn EP''
2001	Elesse - ''P.Y.T.''
2001	Sébastien Léger - Untitled (3 Tracks)
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Burned Funk'' / ''Cracked Face''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Dazed and Confused EP''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Express''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Impossible à Cerner EP''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Seems So Far''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''The Mushroom Project EP''
2001	Sébastien Léger - ''Thorny EP''
2002	Elesse - ''Liberian Track''
2002	Sébastien Léger - ''King Size LP''
2002	Sébastien Léger - ''The Mushroom Project 2 EP''
2002	Sébastien Léger - ''We Are EP''
2002	Sébastien Léger - ''Victory EP''
2002	The Last Blade - ''Requiem'' / ''Just Bask From Hell''
2003	Elesse: ''Rare & Unrelease Cutz''
2003	Sébastien Léger - ''Azidobrazil'' / ''Listen''
2003	Sébastien Léger - ''First Beats EP''
2004	Sebago - ''Hands On Me''
2004	Sébastien Léger - ''5th Birthday''
2004	Sébastien Léger - ''Grab My Hipps'' / ''My Slap''

| width="50%" valign="top" |

width="0%"	Year	Title	Label
2004	Sébastien Léger - ''LFO Swing EP''	Aroma Jackin
2005	Sébastien Léger - ''1979 EP''
2005	Sébastien Léger - ''Epoxy''
2005	Sébastien Léger - ''Lunar EP''
2005	Sébastien Léger - ''Mooguno EP''
2005	Sébastien Léger - ''Take Your Pills''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Brouwersgracht EP''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Bad Clock 04 EP''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Cosmogold EP''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Geft'' / ''T''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Hit Girl''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Hypnotized''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''Mistakes EP''
2006	Sébastien Léger - ''The Bug EP''
2007	Sébastien Léger - ''Mercury'' / ''Mars''
2007	Sébastien Léger - ''Aqualight''
2007	Sébastien Léger - ''Pluton'' / ''Saturn''
2007	Sébastien Léger - ''Planets LP''
2008	Sébastien Léger - ''Jaguar''
2008	Sébastien Léger - ''Word'' / ''Ghost''
2008	Sébastien Léger - ''Majestic''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''Marina'' / ''Jungle''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''Seaweed'' / ''Sunset'' / ''Snapshot''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''Foxxy'' / ''Le Moustique''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''Bubbly'' / ''Discotechno''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''The Rhythm''
2009	Sébastien Léger - ''Binola / The White Island''
2010	Sébastien Léger - ''Plik Plok''
2010	Sébastien Léger - ''Take Your Pills''
2010	Sébastien Léger - ''Balkamaniac / Les Frelons''
2010	Sébastien Léger - ''Silicone Carne / Superdrums''
2010	Sébastien Léger - ''Gone Wild / Mixtape''
2011	Sébastien Léger - ''Origines''
2011	Sébastien Léger - ''Polymod / Like Before''
2012	Sébastien Léger - ''Packbo / Grey Sky & Yellow Coconuts''
2012	Sébastien Léger - ''Wesh Wesh Wesh''
2012	Sébastien Léger - ''Florida / C4N Y0U R34D 7H15''

|}

Exclusive tracks [link]

{| width="100%" | width="50%" valign="top" |

Sébastien Léger - ''The Skyy Soul'' Sébastien Léger - ''The Hell of a Guy''

width="0%"	Year	Title	Compilation	Label
1999	Sébastien Léger - ''Rock It & Play''	Blackjack Sampler 1
1999	|	Blackjack pres. Jackpot	Black Jack
2000	|	Flamingo EP	Black Jack

| width="50%" valign="top" |

Sébastien Léger - ''Overdrived'' Sébastien Léger - ''Refresh Your Mind''

width="0%"	Year	Title	Compilation	Label
2000	Sébastien Léger - ''Ice Cream''	Cruel Summer
2004	|	Bassethound Sampler 1	Bassethound Rec.
2004	|	Always Open	Sismic Music

|}

Remixes [link]

{| width="100%" | width="50%" valign="top" |

width="0%"	Year	Title	Label
1999	Fafa Monteco - ''Vous Voulez de la Musique''	Sculpture
1999	Tony Esposito - ''Kalimba De Luna''
1999	Da Bitchie Boyz - ''Le Zeeep''
1999	Fafa Monteco - ''Good Time''
2000	Paul Jonhson - ''Noise''
2000	Ron Carrol - ''The Sermon''
2000	Fab G - ''Frenchy Frenzy''
2000	DJ Nekbath - ''Feel It''
2000	Chris Rubix - ''Brooklin Queen''
2000	Phunky Data - ''Body Music''
2000	Fab G - ''Feelings''
2001	Eminence feat. Kathy Brown - ''Give It Up''
2001	Nicholas - ''The Cruise''
2001	Def Bond & Fafa Monteco - ''The Master''
2001	Rok - ''Cycle Cuts''
2001	Jimmy Van De Velde - ''Beginnings''
2001	Dj Nekbath - ''Think Twice''
2002	Nicolas Vallée - ''Land Of The Free''
2002	Jaimy & Kenny D. - ''Keep On Touchin Me''
2002	Jakatta feat. Seal - ''My Vision''
2002	M - ''So Fly''
2002	Etienne De Crecy - ''Three Day Week End''
2002	Liquid People vs. Simple Minds - ''Monster''
2002	Alexander East - ''Tears''
2004	Fat Phaze - ''Take Care''
2004	Manuel Tur - ''Keep It Warm''
2004	Dave Armstrong - ''Make Your Move''
2004	Sébastien Léger & Alexander Koning - ''Greencross''

| width="50%" valign="top" |

Co-Fusion - ''Hot

width="0%"	Year	Title	Label
2005	Highstreets - ''Don't Let Go''	Ledge Music
2005	Hot! (Love To Heart)''	Southern Fried Rec.
2005	Hiroki Esashika - ''Kazane''
2005	DJ Marnix - ''Fire''
2005	Armand Van Helden - ''Into Your Eyes''
2005	Inner City - ''Say Something''
2005	The Soul Monkey - ''Equator''
2005	Invader - ''Desperate House''
2005	Lifelike - ''Running Out''
2006	Dannii Minogue - ''Greatest Dancer''
2006	Bruno Banner - ''Spaceshift''
2006	Giorgio Prezioso vs. Libex - ''Xperimetal Scratch''
2006	Dave Robertson & Jon Gurd - ''The Rendition''
2006	Supermode - ''Tell Me Why''
2006	Claude Vonstroke - ''Deep Throat''
2006	Eric Prydz>Cirez D - ''Knockout''
2006	Fairmont - ''Gazebo''
2006	Hystereo - ''Winters In The City'' / ''Executive Memo''
2006	Don Diablo - ''Blow''
2007	Julian Jeweil - ''Air Conditionné''
2007	Ida Engberg - ''Disco Volante''
2007	Justin Timberlake - ''What Goes Around''
2007	Ali Love - ''Secret Sunday Lover''
2007	Stefy - ''Chelsea''
2007	Chris Lake feat. Emma Hewitt - ''Carry Me Away''
2007	Angel Alanis feat. Renée - ''Cage Me In''
2007	Eric Prydz vs. Pink Floyd>Floyd - ''Proper Education''
2007	Ida Engberg - ''Disco Volante''
2010	Cirez D - ''On/Off''
2011	Gabriel Ananda - ''Hey Blop''

|}

External links [link]

Official Site

Interview / FAQ with Sébastien Léger

Ministry of Sound Radio

Sébastien Léger Essential Mix

References[link]

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:French DJs Category:People from Breda Category:French house musicians

da:Sebastien Leger de:Sébastien Léger fr:Sébastien Léger nl:Sébastien Léger fi:Sébastien Léger

Name	Carl Cox
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Carl Cox
Birth date	July 29, 1962
Origin	Barbados
Genre	Techno, house
Occupation	Producer, DJ
Label	Intec Digital
Website	http://www.carlcox.com/
Associated acts	DJ Relentless
Past members	}}

Carl Cox (born 29 July 1962, Barbados) is a British techno and house music DJ and producer.

Biography[link]

Cox grew up in Oldham, Lancashire, before attending Glastonbury High Boys secondary modern school on Glastonbury Road in Morden. Cox began his career as a hardcore and rave DJ in the mid 1980s. One of the first gigs he played was in legendary promoters John Binton and Terry Onion's Squeeze my buttered Onions! club in Hackney, London Unconfirmed reports suggest he was coerced into swallowing an onion on stage, one of Terry's famous requests he gave to his acts. He was named the "Three Deck Wizard" after playing on three turntables simultaneously at the Second Summer of Love in 1988. He has performed at clubs such as The Eclipse, Edge, Shelly's, Sterns Nightclub, Heaven, Sir Henry's in Cork, Ireland and Angels and The Haçienda, as well as raves for Fantazia, Dreamscape, and Amnesia House. He now spearheads two record labels, Intec Records and 23rd Century Records. He also has his own stage every year at Ultra Music Festival called Carl Cox and Friends.

He also ran Ultimate Base at the now defunct Velvet Underground on Charing Cross Road in the mid to late 1990s. Of his many DJ highlights, he also managed to cram in the Millennium (1999 to 2000) New Year's Eve twice by flying and cheating the timezones. He has had shows on Kiss FM and was a monthly live, global resident for BBC Radio One's Essential Mix in 1998–99, as well as over a decades worth of Ibiza live mixes broadcast from Club Space.

SW4 Exclusive[link]

In 2012, Carl will play at South West Four Festival, cited on Clapham Common (London), this will be his UK festival exclusive performance this year.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

1996: ''At The End Of The Cliche'', Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1999: ''Phuture 2000'', Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records

2005: ''Second Sign'', Play It Again Sam

2011: ''All Roads Lead To The Dancefloor'', Intec Digital

Singles[link]

1991: "I Want You (Forever)", Perfecto Records – UK No.23

1992: "Does It Feel Good To You", Perfecto Records – UK No.35

1993: "The Planet of Love", Perfecto Records – UK No.44

1995: "Two Paintings And A Drum", Edel UK Records – UK No.24

1996: "Sensual Sophis-ti-cat" / The Player", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.25

1996: "Tribal Jedi", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1998: "The Latin Theme", Edel UK Records – UK No.52

1998: "Phuture 2000", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.40

1999: "Dr. Funk", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1999: "The Latin Theme", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records

2002: "Club Traxx Vol.1", Trust the DJ

2003: "Club Traxx Vol.2", Trust the DJ

2003: "Dirty Bass", 23rd Century Records 2011: "Chemistry" ft. Shelley Segal, Intec Digital

Compilations[link]

1994: ''Nonstopmix 1994'', Liquid Rec.

1994: ''Fantazia III – Made in Heaven Remix'', Fantazia

1994: ''Fantazia The DJ Collection Carl Cox'', Fantazia

1995: ''F.A.C.T.'', React

1997: ''F.A.C.T. 2'', Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1998: ''DJF 250'', Sony Music Entertainment

1998: ''Non Stop 98/01'', FFRR Records

1998: ''The Sound Of Ultimate B.A.S.E.'', Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1999: ''Non Stop 2000'', FFRR Records

1999: ''F.A.C.T. Australia'', X-Over Recordings

2000: ''Mixed Live Crobar Nightclub, Chicago'', Moonshine Music

2002: ''Global'', Play It Again Sam

2002: ''Mixed Live 2nd Session Area 2, Detroit'', Moonshine Music

2003: ''F.A.C.T. Australia II'', Warner Music Group

2003: ''U60311 Compilation Techno Division Vol. 3'', V2 Records

2004: ''Back To Mine'', DMC Publishing

2004: ''Pure Intec'', Intec Records

2005: ''Live at space'', featuring Allan Banford

2005: ''The Latin Theme'',

2006: ''Intec 50 EP'', Intec Records

2007: ''Global'', Play It Again Sam

2008: ''Ultimate Carl Cox'', Ministry of Sound Australia

2010: ''Global Underground 38 – Black Rock Desert

Remixes[link]

1991: Supreme Love Gods – "Cherry White (Carl Cox Remix)", One Little Indian

1991: art of Noise – "Shades Of Paranoimia (Carl Cox Remix)", China Records

1992: Eternal – "Eternal (Carl Cox Remix)", Underground Level Recordings

1992: Robert Owens – "Gotta Work (Carl's Renaissance Remix)", Freetown Inc.

1992: Patti Day – "Hot Stuff (Carl Cox Remix)", Starway Records

1992: DJ Phantasy – "Jepron (Carl Cox Remix)", Liquid Wax Recordings

1992: Sunscreem – "Perfect Motion (Carl Cox's Rhythm's A Drug Remix)", Sony BMG Music Entertainment

1993: Visa – "Let Me See Ya Move (Carl Cox's Militant March Remix)", MMR Productions

1993: Smooth But Hazzardous – "Made You Dance (Carl Cox Remix)", Sound Entity Records

1994: Laurent Garnier – "Astral Dreams (Carl Cox's MMR Remix)", F-Communications

1994: Trevor Rockcliffe Presents Glow – "Break The Law (Carl's Reconstructed Remix)", MMR Productions

1994: Quench – "Hope (Carl Cox Remix)", Infectious Records

1994: FKW – "Jingo (Carl Cox Remix)", PWL

1994: O.T.T. – "Raw (Carl Cox Remix)", Industrial Strength Records

1994: Aurora Borealis – "Raz (Carl's MMR Remix)", F-Communications

1994: English Muffin – "The Blood Of An English Muffin (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions

1994: Lunatic Asylum – "The Meltdown (Carl Cox & John Selway's Circular Cycle Remix)", MMR Productions

1995: Jam & Spoon – "Angel (Ladadi O-Heyo) (Carl Cox Remix)", Epic Records

1995: The Stone Roses – "Begging You (Cox's Ultimatum Remix)", Geffen Records

1995: Yello – "L'Hotel (Carl Cox's Hands On Yello Remix)", Urban

1995: Dr. Fernando "Stomach Substance (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions

1995: Infrequent Oscillation – "Burning Phibes (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions

1995: Technohead – "Get Stoned (Carl Cox Remix)", Mokum Records

1995: AWeX – "It's Our Future (Carl Cox's Ultimate Remix)", Plastic City UK

1995: Slab – "Rampant Prankster (Carl Cox's Jumper Remix)", Hydrogen Dukebox

1995: Steve Mason & Tony Crooks – "Shallow Grave (Carl Cox's After Hours Remix)", Rain Forest Records

1995: Josh Abrahams – "March Time (Carl Cox Remix)", MMR Productions

1996: System 7 – "Hangar 84 (Cox's W.W. Ultimatum Remix)", Butterfly Records

1996: Electroliners – "Loose Caboose (Carl Cox Remix)", XL Recordings

1996: Barefoot Boys – "Need No Man (Cox's Harder Remix), Stealth Records

1996: The Advent – "Mad Dog (Carl Cox Remix)", Internal

1996: JX – "There's Nothing I Won't Do (Carl Cox's Full House Remix)", FFRR Records

1996: Consolidated – "This Is Fascism (Carl Cox's Burning Gold Remix)", MC Projects

1996: Vernon – "Vernon's Wonderland (Carl Cox's Full Remix)", Eye Q

1996: Poltergeist – "Vicious Circles (Carl Cox's MMR Remix)", Manifesto

1997: DJ SS – "DJs Anthem (Carl Cox Remix)", Formation Records

1997: Tenth Chapter – "Prologue (Carl Cox & Paul van Dyk Remix)", Jackpot

1999: Needle Damage – "That Zipper Track (Carl Cox Remix)", Worldwide Ultimatum Records

1999: Grooverider – "Where's Jack The Ripper (Carl Cox's Techno Radio Edit)", Higher Ground Records

2000: Tony Moran Featuring Cindy Mizelle – "Shine On (Carl Cox's Sweat Dub)", Contagious Records

2001: Slam – "Positive Education (Carl Cox's Intec Remix)", VC Recordings

2001: Trevor Rockcliffe & Blake Baxter – "Visions Of You (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records

2001: Ramirez – "Volcan De Passion (Carl Cox Remix)", Terapia

2002: Cormano – "Mangamana vs. Revenge (Carl Cox's Turntable Remix)" 4 Play Records, Inc.

2003: Tomaz vs Filterheadz – "Sunshine (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records

2003: Bad Cabbage – "You're Rude (Get Fucked) (Carl Cox's Not So Rude Remix)", Mutant Disc

2004: Eric Powell – "Don't Deny It (Carl Cox Remix)", 23rd Century Records

2004: Johan Cyber – "Natural Funk (Carl Cox Remix)", 23rd Century Records

2004: Cohen vs Deluxe – "Just Kick! (Carl Cox Remix)", Intec Records

2007: Sander Van Doorn – "Riff (Carl Cox's Global Remix)", Doorn Records

2010: Moby – "Walk With Me (Carl Cox Remix)", thelittleidiot

References[link]

External links[link]

CarlCox.com – Official website

Discogs.com – Discography

Coxy's big break – the move to Frankston

Carl Cox at Heaven

Carl Cox live at Space Ibiza (video)

Carl Cox talks about social media and how he uses technology (Video interview)

Music with Carl Cox

Category:1962 births Category:Living people Category:Club DJs Category:Black British musicians Category:Electronic music radio shows Category:English people of Barbadian descent Category:English DJs Category:English electronic musicians Category:English house musicians Category:English techno musicians Category:E1 Music artists Category:Hardcore musicians Category:Music in Oldham Category:People from Oldham Category:Remixers

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