The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com:80/ALTO
Sunday, 10 June 2012
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Hallelujah - altos only
Suzuki Alto
Car review: New Maruti Suzuki Alto K10
Natalie Weiss--
Beyoncé - Halo - Alto and Tenor Saxophone Duet
Natalie Weiss -
2009 Suzuki Alto Video Car Review - NRMA Drivers Seat
Xerox Alto Computer
The Xerox Alto Computer
Südtirol - Alto Adige
Peter King with Charlie Parker ALto
Euro NCAP | Suzuki Alto | 2009 | Crash test

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Hallelujah - altos only
  • Order:
  • Published: 19 Nov 2009
  • Duration: 4:05
  • Updated: 20 May 2012
Author: Radio3Video
Sing Hallelujah is a nationwide project which encourages people to find their voice and discover the joy of singing through Handel's famous "Hallelujah Chorus". Sing Hallelujah is a project from the BBC, led by BBC Radio 3, and English National Opera (ENO) www.bbc.co.uk
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Hallelujah - altos only
Suzuki Alto
  • Order:
  • Published: 07 Feb 2011
  • Duration: 3:26
  • Updated: 07 May 2012
Author: VicRulZz
Suzuki Alto Slide Show
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Suzuki Alto
Car review: New Maruti Suzuki Alto K10
  • Order:
  • Published: 07 Aug 2010
  • Duration: 4:52
  • Updated: 17 May 2012
Author: ETnow
The Maruti SuzukiAlto is here with a new, modern heart. The mini-sizzler is out to captivate, with its peppy and fuel efficient K10 engine
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Car review: New Maruti Suzuki Alto K10
Natalie Weiss--
  • Order:
  • Published: 22 Jan 2008
  • Duration: 4:12
  • Updated: 21 May 2012
Author: UrInTown
Natalie Weiss sings "Alto's Lament" by Marcy Heisler and Zina Goldrich at Monday Night New Voices. January 2008 at the Duplex in NYC. Honors: #85 - Top Favorites (This Week) - Music #78 - Top Favorites (1.23.08) - All of youtube #10 - Top Favorites (1.23.08) - Music #62 - Top Rated (1.23.08) - Music #26 - Top Favorites (1.22.08) - Music #87 - Top Rated (1.22.08) - Music
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Natalie Weiss--"Alto's Lament"
Beyoncé - Halo - Alto and Tenor Saxophone Duet
  • Order:
  • Published: 09 Apr 2009
  • Duration: 4:42
  • Updated: 21 May 2012
Author: charlez360
Check out my album on iTunes! Album Link: itunes.apple.com Become a charlez360 fan on Facebook! www.facebook.com This is me, charlez360, playing my Yamaha (YAS-275, 4C mouthpiece) Alto saxophone and my Jean-Baptiste (480T, Dukoff D7 mouthpiece) to Beyoncé Knowles' hit, "Halo." I actually heard this yesterday for the first time. I feel like a douche because I had never heard it before, and it's been so popular. Ok, I pick up the alto in this vid, it's definitely been a while. I just wanted to remind you guys that I can "Giit R Done" with my alto too, even though I prefer tenor. Enjoy, I appreciate all ratings, comments, favorites, and of course, subscriptions. IF YOU WANT TO DOWNLOAD ANY OF MY SONGS FREE, GO TO: charlez-360.skyrock.com IF YOU WANT FREE SHEET MUSIC: SUBSCRIBE AND SEND ME A MESSAGE! FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions): 1.) How old are you? 18 (Birthday: April 3, 1991) 2.) How long have you been playing sax? Alto: 8 years Tenor: 1.5 years. 3.) When you record, do you have sheet music in front of you? No. I write the sheet music 2 weeks after I upload the video. 4.) Where do you get your sheet music? I write it. 5.) What kind of saxes/mouthpieces/reeds do you use? Alto: Yamaha YAS-275, 4C mouthpiece, Rico Royal 2.5. Tenor: Jean-Baptiste 480T, Dukoff D7 mouthpiece, Rico Royal 2.5. 6.) Can I add you on MSN, Facebook, Myspace, etc.? Yes, you can add me on MSN using my email, my Myspace is at the bottom, and for Facebook, just search "Charlie Lamprecht." charlez360 <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Beyoncé - Halo - Alto and Tenor Saxophone Duet
Natalie Weiss -
  • Order:
  • Published: 28 Apr 2008
  • Duration: 3:28
  • Updated: 21 May 2012
Author: nextstopbway
Natalie Weiss sings "Alto's Lament" (Lyrics by Marcy Heisler, Music by Zina Goldrich) at "Just So You Know, I'm Kind of a Big Deal (on YouTube) at the Laurie Beechman April 26th, 2008 7pm. Part of the Spotlight Cabaret Series. Musical Direction by Adam Wachter.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Natalie Weiss - "Alto's Lament"
2009 Suzuki Alto Video Car Review - NRMA Drivers Seat
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Sep 2009
  • Duration: 4:16
  • Updated: 15 May 2012
Author: nrmadriverseat
Join NRMA's Tim Pomroy and Lisa Kable as they take a look at the new Suzuki Alto. For any of your Roadside Assistance needs, go to www.mynrma.com.au Suzuki are no strangers when it comes to selling small, light, fuel efficient cars in Australia. The original Suzuki Swift was a popular model that was economical, reliable and fun to drive. Even the Alto name used on this latest model had a run as a three-cylinder five door hatch way back in the eighties and nineties.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/2009 Suzuki Alto Video Car Review - NRMA Drivers Seat
Xerox Alto Computer
  • Order:
  • Published: 30 May 2008
  • Duration: 5:05
  • Updated: 20 May 2012
Author: lactomangulators
This is a demostration of the Xerox Alto computer in 1974. The Alto, introduced in 1973, but never commercially produced, was perhaps the most innovative design in computer history: it had a mouse, a GUI, an object-oriented OS and development tools, and fast networking with the first ethernet cards. These are features that wouldn't be common until 10 years later, and even 20 years later some of them were still cutting edge.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Xerox Alto Computer
The Xerox Alto Computer
  • Order:
  • Published: 20 Jun 2008
  • Duration: 0:32
  • Updated: 02 May 2012
Author: 13579111317192329
The Xerox Alto Computer promotional film by Xerox. From the Triumph of the nerds, comment by Robert Cringely.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/The Xerox Alto Computer
Südtirol - Alto Adige
  • Order:
  • Published: 27 May 2009
  • Duration: 2:16
  • Updated: 20 May 2012
Author: suedtirolinfo
Südtirol / Alto Adige / South Tyrol / Zuid Tirol / Jižní Tyrolsko / Południowy Tyrol / Haute Adige Film in HD www.suedtirol.info Watch the video with location names here www.youtube.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Südtirol - Alto Adige
Peter King with Charlie Parker ALto
  • Order:
  • Published: 18 Dec 2006
  • Duration: 8:07
  • Updated: 13 May 2012
Author: bary01
A piece of History , the Charlie Parker alto sax , blowed by Peter King
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Peter King with Charlie Parker ALto
Euro NCAP | Suzuki Alto | 2009 | Crash test
  • Order:
  • Published: 26 May 2009
  • Duration: 1:13
  • Updated: 25 Apr 2012
Author: euroncapcom
www.euroncap.comFrontal Impact takes place at 64 Km/h, 40% of the width of the car striking a deformable barrier. In the side impact, a mobile deformable barrier impacts the driver's door at 50 km/h. In the pole test, the car tested is propelled sideways at 29km/h into a rigid pole.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Euro NCAP | Suzuki Alto | 2009 | Crash test
Maruti launches Alto's new variant K10
  • Order:
  • Published: 08 Aug 2010
  • Duration: 4:34
  • Updated: 13 May 2012
Author: ndtvprofit
The Car & Bike Show: India's leading car-maker has completely revamped the country's highest selling car. New looks and a new heart. Here's a look at the new Alto K10.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/Maruti launches Alto's new variant K10
The Kids of El Alto
  • Order:
  • Published: 04 Mar 2009
  • Duration: 5:21
  • Updated: 18 Apr 2012
Author: GlobalNomadsGroup
In this brief documentary, three teenagers from El Alto, Bolivia, talk about their lives, their city and their aspirations.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120610050223/http://wn.com/The Kids of El Alto
  • Hallelujah - altos only...4:05
  • Suzuki Alto...3:26
  • Car review: New Maruti Suzuki Alto K10...4:52
  • Natalie Weiss--"Alto's Lament"...4:12
  • Beyoncé - Halo - Alto and Tenor Saxophone Duet...4:42
  • Natalie Weiss - "Alto's Lament"...3:28
  • 2009 Suzuki Alto Video Car Review - NRMA Drivers Seat...4:16
  • Xerox Alto Computer...5:05
  • The Xerox Alto Computer...0:32
  • Südtirol - Alto Adige...2:16
  • Peter King with Charlie Parker ALto...8:07
  • Euro NCAP | Suzuki Alto | 2009 | Crash test...1:13
  • Maruti launches Alto's new variant K10...4:34
  • The Kids of El Alto...5:21
Sing Hallelujah is a nationwide project which encourages people to find their voice and discover the joy of singing through Handel's famous "Hallelujah Chorus". Sing Hallelujah is a project from the BBC, led by BBC Radio 3, and English National Opera (ENO) www.bbc.co.uk
4:05
Hal­lelu­jah - altos only
3:26
Suzu­ki Alto
4:52
Car re­view: New Maru­ti Suzu­ki Alto K10
4:12
Na­tal­ie Weiss--"Alto's Lament"
4:42
Be­y­oncé - Halo - Alto and Tenor Sax­o­phone Duet
3:28
Na­tal­ie Weiss - "Alto's Lament"
4:16
2009 Suzu­ki Alto Video Car Re­view - NRMA Drivers Seat
5:05
Xerox Alto Com­put­er
0:32
The Xerox Alto Com­put­er
2:16
Südtirol - Alto Adige
8:07
Peter King with Char­lie Park­er ALto
1:13
Euro NCAP | Suzu­ki Alto | 2009 | Crash test
4:34
Maru­ti launch­es Alto's new vari­ant K10
5:21
The Kids of El Alto
3:57
Alto's Lament-Lyrics
81:58
The Xerox Alto: A Per­son­al Ret­ro­spec­tive
5:03
Care­less Whis­per by George Michael - Alto sax cover
3:43
"Alto's Lament" - Divas For Life 2007
4:49
Por­ta-des­de lo alto
8:58
Par­tido Alto - Part II
4:11
Han­del - Mes­si­ah (alto karaoke)
3:54
in alto fabri fibra HD


  • A Hewlett-Packard worker walk in the main entrance of HP Headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif., Thursday, May 17, 2012.
    AP / Paul Sakuma
  • Alto cumulus perlucidus.Altocumulus (Alto,
    Creative Commons / The Great Cloudwatcher
  • Altocumulus at sunset, Altocumulus (Alto,
    Creative Commons / Simon Eugster
  • Facebook employees during a town hall meeting at Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif., Wednesday, April 20, 2011.
    AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez
  • Blue Colour Maruti Suzuki - Alto car , India
    WN / Geeta
  • A customer fills out a lottery ticket in Palo Alto, Calif., Friday, March 30, 2012 in hopes to win at least $640 million in the Mega Millions lottery.
    AP / Paul Sakuma
  • The old Pinos Altos Opera House. Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico.
    Creative Commons / Tom Blackwell
  • President Barack Obama shakes hands with a member of the audience at a town hall meeting to discuss reducing the national debt, Wednesday, April 20, 2011, at Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
    AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
  • FILE - In this April 20, 2011, file photo, President Barack Obama, accompanied by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, speaks during a town hall meeting to discuss reducing the national debt at Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif. Social media companies have “friended” the 2012 presidential contest at a level almost unimaginable just four years ago, hosting debates and sponsoring presidential town halls while remaining indispensable tools for candidates looking to connect with voters in the digit
    AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
  • The Falls of Saint Anthony, Alto Mississippi, Henry Lewis, 1847. Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza.
    Creative Commons / Thyssen-Bornemisza
  • Niederdorf (Italian: Villabassa) is a municipality in South Tyrol in the autonomous Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 110 km northeast of Trento and about 70 km northeast of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / X-Weinzar
  • Typical street and the Saint Mary Church. Auer (Italian: Ora) is a Gemeinde (municipality) in South Tyrol in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
    Creative Commons / Richard Huber
  • St. Lorenzen (Italian: San Lorenzo di Sebato) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 100 km northeast of Trento and about 50 km northeast of Bolzano (Bozen).
    Creative Commons / Alex1011
  • Sand in Taufers (Italian: Campo Tures) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 110 km northeast of the city of Trento and about 70 km northeast of the city of Bolzano, on the border with Austria.
    Creative Commons / Fedi
  • Kiens (Italian: Chienes) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 100 km northeast of Trento and about 50 km northeast of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / Bustrachris
  • A close sight of the inner town. Sterzing (Italian: Vipiteno) is a comune in South Tyrol in the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy.
    Creative Commons / Piergiuliano Chesi
  • Corvara in July 2007 with Mount Sassongher in the background. Corvara (German: Corvara or Kurfar; Italian: Corvara in Badia) is a comune (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 80 km northeast of Trento and about 40 km east of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / Kuebi
  • Main Church St. Jenesius, La Valle, Alto Adige, Italia.
    Creative Commons / Alex1011
  • Old Bath Rumestluns
    Creative Commons / Alex1011
  • San Martin de Tor (German: St. Martin in Thurn; Italian: San Martino in Badia) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 90 km northeast of the city of Trento and about 45 km northeast of the city of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / Bbruno
  • Urtijëi (About this sound pronunciation (help·info), German: St. Ulrich in Gröden; Italian: Ortisei) is a town of 4,637 inhabitants in South Tyrol, in the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
    Creative Commons / Aldo Iannotti
  • Völs am Schlern (Italian: Fiè allo Sciliar; Ladin: Fíe or Fië) is a municipality in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
    Creative Commons / Klaus Graf
  • Oswald von Wolkenstein Town Square. Waidbruck (Italian: Ponte Gardena; Ladin: Pruca) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 70 km northeast of Trento and about 20 km northeast of Bolzano
    Creative Commons / Haneburger
  • Klausen (Italian: Chiusa; Ladin: Tluses or Tlüses) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 70 km northeast of the city of Trento and about 20 km northeast of the city of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / Tohma
  • Mölten (Italian: Meltina) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 60 km north of Trento and about 12 km northwest of Bolzano (Bozen).
    Creative Commons / JFKCom
  • The court of the Abbey of Neustift in Vahrn (Italian: Varna) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 90 kilometres northeast of the city of Trento and about 35 km northeast of the city of Bolzano.
    Creative Commons / Snowdog
  • Grapes Grown in the 'Pergola Trentino' Style. There are currently more than twenty vineyards producing Trento DOC, including Cavit, the largest cooperative in the province with some 65% of production and whose Pinot Grigio is widely exported but produced under a different DOC designation in the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol wine region
    Creative Commons / Bruce gilardi
  • In this May 10, 2011 file photo, the exterior view of Skype offices in Palo Alto, Calif., are shown.
    AP / Paul Sakuma
  • El presidente Leonel Fernández recibe en su despacho del Palacio Nacional al Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR),
    WN / A. Akor
  • César Pina Toribio, ministro de la Presidencia, habla al término de una reunión con el Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura, encabezada por el presidente Leonel Fernández, donde se aprobó el orden de escogencia de los jueces que habrán de integrar los altos tribunales
    WN / A. Akor
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more news on: Alto
The musical term alto, meaning "high" in Italian (Latin: ''altus''), refers to the second highest part of a contrapuntal musical texture and is also applied to its associated vocal range, especially in choral music. More rarely it describes the highest male solo voice type (usually designated countertenor), and it is also the root word of contralto, the lowest standard female voice type. When designating instruments, "alto" likewise can refer either to the corresponding vocal range (alto flute & alto trombone, respectively the lowest and highest common instruments of their families) or to musical role (treble or alto recorder and alto clarinet, with ranges of F4-F6 and G2-B♭5).

Etymology[link]

In choral music for mixed voices, "alto" describes the lowest part commonly sung by women. The explanation for the anomaly of this name is to be found not in the use of adult falsettists in choirs of men and boys but further back in innovations in composition during the mid-15th century. Before this time it was usual to write a melodic ''cantus'' or ''superius'' against a tenor (from Latin ''tenere'', to hold) or 'held' part, to which might be added a contratenor, which was in counterpoint with (in other words, against = contra) the tenor. The composers of Ockeghem's generation wrote two contratenor parts and designated them as ''contratenor altus'' and ''contratenor bassus''; they were respectively higher and lower than the tenor part. From these derive both the modern terms "alto" (and contralto) and "bass".

Description[link]

The alto range in choral music is approximately from G3 (the G below middle C) to F5 (the F in the second octave above middle C). In common usage, alto is used to describe the voice type that typically sings this part, though this is not strictly correct: alto, like the other three standard modern choral voice classifications (soprano, tenor and bass) was originally intended to describe a part within a homophonic or polyphonic texture, rather than an individual voice type; neither are the terms alto and contralto interchangeable or synonymous, though they are often treated as such. Although some women who sing alto in a choir are contraltos, many would be more accurately called mezzo-sopranos (a voice of somewhat higher range and different timbre), and many male countertenors (this latter term is a source of considerable controversy, some authorities preferring the usage of the term "male alto" for those countertenors who use a predominantly falsetto voice production). The contralto voice is a matter of vocal timbre and tessitura as well as range, and a classically-trained solo contralto would usually have a range greater than that of a normal choral alto part in both the upper and lower ranges. However, the vocal tessitura of a classically trained contralto would still make these singers more comfortable singing in the lower part of the voice. A choral non-solo contralto may also have a low range down to D3 (thus perhaps finding it easier to sing the choral tenor part), but some would have difficulty singing above E5. In a choral context mezzo-sopranos and contraltos might sing the alto part, together with countertenors, thus having three vocal timbres (and two means of vocal production) singing the same notes.

Alto is rarely used to describe a solo voice, though there is a multitude of terms in common usage in various languages and in different cultures for solo singers in this range. Examples include contralto, countertenor, ''haute-contre'', and ''tenor altino'' among others.

The term "alto" is also used to designate a specific kind of musical clef. See alto clef.

See also[link]

  • Fach, the German system for classifying voices
  • Voice classification in non-classical music
  • References[link]

    Further reading[link]

    Category:Voice types Category:Pitch (music) Category:Musical terminology

    cs:Alt de:Alt (Stimmlage) et:Alt el:Άλτο es:Alto eo:Aldo fa:آلتو fr:Alto (voix) ko:알토 hr:Alt hu:Alt ms:Alto nl:Alt (zangstem) ja:アルト pl:Alt (głos) pt:Alto (voz) ru:Альт (голос) simple:Alto sl:Alt sh:Altovi sr:Алт fi:Altto sv:Alt th:อัลโต uk:Альт (голос) zh:女低音

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    nameCharlie Parker
    backgroundnon_vocal_instrumentalist
    birth nameCharles Parker, Jr.
    aliasBird, Yardbird,Zoizeau (in France)
    birth dateAugust 29, 1920
    Birth placeKansas City, Kansas, U.S.
    death dateMarch 12, 1955
    Death placeNew York City, New York, U.S.
    instrumentAlto saxophone, tenor saxophone
    genreJazz, bebop
    occupationSaxophonist, composer
    years active1937–1955
    labelSavoy, Dial, Verve
    website
    notable instrumentsBuescher, Conn, King and Grafton alto saxophones }}

    Charles Parker, Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), also known as Yardbird and Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

    Parker acquired the nickname "Yardbird" early in his career and the shortened form, "Bird", which continued to be used for the rest of his life, inspiring the titles of a number of Parker compositions, such as "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology", "Bird Gets the Worm", and "Bird of Paradise."

    Parker was a highly influential jazz soloist and a leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and improvisation. Parker introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas, including rapidly passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. His tone ranged from clean and penetrating to sweet and somber. Many Parker recordings demonstrate virtuosic technique and complex melodic lines, combining jazz with other musical genres, including blues, Latin, and classical.

    Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual, rather than an entertainer.

    Biography[link]

    Childhood[link]

    Charlie Parker was born in Kansas City, Kansas, and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, the only child of Charles and Addie Parker. Parker attended Lincoln High School. He enrolled in September 1934 and withdrew in December 1935, just before joining the local Musicians Union.

    Parker began playing the saxophone at age 11, and at age 14 joined his school's band using a rented school instrument. His father, Charles, was often absent but provided some musical influence; he was a pianist, dancer and singer on the T.O.B.A. circuit. He later became a Pullman waiter or chef on the railways. Parker's mother Addie worked nights at the local Western Union office. His biggest influence at that time was a young trombone player who taught him the basics of improvisation.

    Early career[link]

    In the late thirties Parker began to practice diligently. During this period he mastered improvisation and developed some of the ideas that led to bebop. In an interview with Paul Desmond, he said that he spent 3–4 years practicing up to 15 hours a day.

    Bands led by Count Basie and Bennie Moten undoubtedly influenced Parker. He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style.

    In 1938, Parker joined pianist Jay McShann's territory band. The band toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and New York City. Parker made his professional recording debut with McShann's band.

    As a teenager, Parker developed a morphine addiction while in the hospital, after an automobile accident, and subsequently became addicted to heroin. He continued using heroin throughout his life, which ultimately contributed to his death.

    New York City[link]

    In 1939 Parker moved to New York City, to pursue a career in music. He held several other jobs as well. He worked for nine dollars a week as a dishwasher at Jimmie's Chicken Shack, where pianist Art Tatum performed

    In 1942 Parker left McShann's band and played with Earl Hines for one year, whose band included Dizzy Gillespie, who later played with Parker as a duo. Unfortunately, this period is virtually undocumented, due to the strike of 1942–1943 by the American Federation of Musicians, during which time few recordings were made. Parker joined a group of young musicians, and played in after-hours clubs in Harlem, such as Clark Monroe's Uptown House and Minton's Playhouse. These young iconoclasts included Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, guitarist Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. The beboppers' attitude was summed up in a famous quotation attributed to Monk by Mary Lou Williams: "We wanted a music that they couldn't play" – "they" being the white bandleaders who had usurped and profited from swing music. The group played in venues on 52nd Street, including ''Three Deuces'' and ''The Onyx''. While in New York City, Parker studied with his music teacher, Maury Deutsch.

    Bebop[link]

    According to an interview Parker gave in the 1950s, one night in 1939, he was playing "Cherokee" in a jam session with guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet when he hit upon a method for developing his solos that enabled one of his main musical innovations. He realized that the twelve tones of the chromatic scale can lead melodically to any key, breaking some of the confines of simpler jazz soloing.

    Early in its development, this new type of jazz was rejected by many of the established, traditional jazz musicians who disdained their younger counterparts. The beboppers responded by calling these traditionalists "moldy figs". However, some musicians, such as Coleman Hawkins and Benny Goodman, were more positive about its development, and participated in jam sessions and recording dates in the new approach with its adherents.

    Because of the two-year Musicians' Union ban of all commercial recordings from 1942 to 1944, much of bebop's early development was not captured for posterity. As a result, it gained limited radio exposure. Bebop musicians had a difficult time gaining widespread recognition. It was not until 1945, when the recording ban was lifted, that Parker's collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Bud Powell and others had a substantial effect on the jazz world. One of their first (and greatest) small-group performances together was rediscovered and issued in 2005: a concert in New York's Town Hall on June 22, 1945. Bebop soon gained wider appeal among musicians and fans alike.

    On November 26, 1945, Parker led a record date for the Savoy label, marketed as the "greatest Jazz session ever." The tracks recorded during this session include "Ko-Ko" and "Now's the Time".

    Shortly afterwards, the Parker/Gillespie band traveled to an unsuccessful engagement at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles. Most of the group returned to New York, but Parker remained in California, cashing in his return ticket to buy heroin. He experienced great hardship in California, eventually being committed to Camarillo State Mental Hospital for a six-month period.

    Addiction[link]

    Parker's chronic addiction to heroin caused him to miss gigs and lose work. He frequently resorted to busking on the streets, receiving loans from fellow musicians and admirers, and pawning his saxophones, for drug money. Heroin use was rampant in the jazz scene and the drug could be acquired easily.

    Although he produced many brilliant recordings during this period, Parker's behavior became increasingly erratic. Heroin was difficult to obtain when he moved to California, where the drug was less abundant, and Parker began to drink heavily to compensate for it. A recording for the Dial label from July 29, 1946, provides evidence of his condition. Prior to this session, Parker drank a quart of whiskey. According to the liner notes of ''Charlie Parker on Dial Volume 1'', Parker missed most of the first two bars of his first chorus on the track, "Max Making Wax." When he finally did come in, he swayed wildly and once spun all the way around, away from his microphone. On the next tune, "Lover Man", producer Ross Russell physically supported Parker. On "Bebop" (the final track Parker recorded that evening) he begins a solo with a solid first eight bars. On his second eight bars, however, Parker begins to struggle, and a desperate Howard McGhee, the trumpeter on this session, shouts, "Blow!" at Parker. Charles Mingus considered this version of "Lover Man" to be among Parker's greatest recordings, despite its flaws. Nevertheless, Parker hated the recording and never forgave Ross Russell for releasing it. He re-recorded the tune in 1951 for Verve.

    When Parker was released from the hospital, he was clean and healthy, and proceeded to do some of the best playing and recording of his career. He converted to Islam in the manner of the Ahmadiyya movement in the US. Before leaving California, he recorded "Relaxin' at Camarillo", in reference to his hospital stay. He returned to New York, resumed his addiction to heroin and recorded dozens of sides for the Savoy and Dial labels, which remain some of the high points of his recorded output. Many of these were with his so-called "classic quintet" including trumpeter Miles Davis and drummer Max Roach.

    Charlie Parker with Strings[link]

    A longstanding desire of Parker's was to perform with a string section. He was a keen student of classical music, and contemporaries reported he was most interested in the music and formal innovations of Igor Stravinsky, and longed to engage in a project akin to what later became known as Third Stream Music, a new kind of music, incorporating both jazz and classical elements as opposed to merely incorporating a string section into performance of jazz standards. On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians. Six master takes from this session comprised the album ''Charlie Parker with Strings'': "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April in Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If I Should Lose You". The sound of these recordings is rare in Parker's catalog. Parker's improvisations are, in comparison to his usual work, more distilled and economical. His tone is darker and softer than on his small-group recordings, and the majority of his lines are beautiful embellishments on the original melodies rather than harmonically based improvisations. These are among the few recordings Parker made during a brief period when he was able to control his heroin habit, and his sobriety and clarity of mind are evident in his playing. Parker stated that, of his own records, ''Bird With Strings'' was his favorite. Although using classical music instrumentation with jazz musicians was not entirely original, this was the first major work where a composer of bebop was matched with a string orchestra.

    Jazz at Massey Hall[link]

    In 1953, Parker performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, Canada, joined by Gillespie, Mingus, Bud Powell and Max Roach. Unfortunately, the concert clashed with a televised heavyweight boxing match between Rocky Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott, so was poorly attended. Mingus recorded the concert, resulting in the album ''Jazz at Massey Hall''. At this concert, he played a plastic Grafton saxophone. At this point in his career he was experimenting with new sounds and materials. Parker himself explained the purpose of the plastic saxophone in a May 9, 1953 broadcast from Birdland and does so again in subsequent May 1953 broadcast.

    Parker is known to have played several saxophones, including the Conn 6M, The Martin Handicraft and Selmer Model 22. Parker is also known to have performed with a King "Super 20" saxophone. Parker's King Super 20 saxophone was made specially for him in 1947.

    Death[link]

    Parker died in the suite of his friend and patron Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter at the Stanhope Hotel in New York City while watching ''The Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show'' on television. The official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a bleeding ulcer but Parker also had an advanced case of cirrhosis and had suffered a heart attack. The coroner who performed his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be between 50 or 60 years of age.

    Parker had been living since 1950 with Chan Richardson, the mother of his son Baird and his daughter Pree (who died as an infant of cystic fibrosis). He considered Chan his wife; however he never formally married her, nor did he divorce his previous wife, Doris (whom he had married in 1948). This complicated the settling of Parker's inheritance and would ultimately serve to frustrate his wish to be quietly interred in New York City.

    It was well known that Parker never wanted to return to Kansas City, even in death. Parker had told Chan that he did not want to be buried in the city of his birth; that New York was his home. Dizzy Gillespie paid for the funeral arrangements and organized a lying-in-state, a Harlem procession officiated by Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., as well as a memorial concert, before Parker's body was flown back to Missouri, in accordance with his mother's wishes. Parker was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, in a hamlet known as Blue Summit.

    Parker's estate is managed by CMG Worldwide.

    Music[link]

    Parker's style of composition involved interpolation of original melodies over pre-existing jazz forms and standards, a practice still common in jazz today. Examples include "Ornithology" ("How High The Moon") and "Yardbird Suite", the vocal version of which is called "What Price Love", with lyrics by Parker. The practice was not uncommon prior to bebop; however, it became a signature of the movement as artists began to move away from arranging popular standards and compose their own material.

    While tunes such as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", and "Cool Blues" were based on conventional twelve-bar blues changes, Parker also created a unique version of the 12-bar blues for his tune "Blues for Alice". These unique chords are known popularly as "Bird Changes". Like his solos, some of his compositions are characterized by long, complex melodic lines and a minimum of repetition although he did employ the use of repetition in some tunes, most notably "Now's The Time".

    Parker contributed greatly to the modern jazz solo, one in which triplets and pick-up notes were used in unorthodox ways to lead into chord tones, affording the soloist with more freedom to use passing tones, which soloists previously avoided. Parker was admired for his unique style of phrasing and innovative use of rhythm. Via his recordings and the popularity of the posthumously published ''Charlie Parker Omnibook'', Parker's uniquely identifiable style dominated jazz for many years to come.

    Discography[link]

    Awards and recognitions[link]

    ;Grammy Award {| class=wikitable |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| Charlie Parker Grammy Award History |- ! Year ! Category ! Title ! Genre ! Label ! Result |- align=center | 1974 | Best Performance By A Soloist | ''First Recordings!'' | Jazz | Onyx | Winner |}

    ;Grammy Hall of Fame Recordings of Charlie Parker were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."

    {| class=wikitable |- | colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| Charlie Parker: Grammy Hall of Fame Awards |- ! Year Recorded ! Title ! Genre ! Label ! Year Inducted |- align=center | 1945 | "Billie's Bounce" | Jazz (Single) | Savoy | 2002 |- align=center | 1953 | ''Jazz at Massey Hall'' | Jazz (Album) | Debut | 1995 |- align=center | 1946 | "Ornithology" | Jazz (Single) | Dial | 1989 |- align=center | 1950 | ''Charlie Parker with Strings'' | Jazz (Album) | Mercury | 1988 |}

    ;Inductions {| class=wikitable |- ! Year Inducted ! Title |- align=center | 2004 | Jazz at Lincoln Center: Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame |- align=center | 1984 | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award |- align=center | 1979 | Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame |}

    ;National Recording Registry

    In 2002, the Library of Congress honored his recording "Ko-Ko" (1945) by adding it to the National Recording Registry.

    ;U.S. Postage Stamp

    {| class=wikitable |- ! Year Issued ! Stamp ! USA ! Note |- align=center | 1995 | 32 cents Commemorative stamp | U.S. Postal Stamps | Photo (Scott #2987) |}

    Musical tributes[link]

  • Lennie Tristano's overdubbed solo piano piece "Requiem" was recorded in tribute to Parker shortly after his death. It begins with a classically-tinged introduction, and then turns into a slow blues that gradually accumulates layers of overdubbing – one of the earliest experiments in jazz with multiple overdubbing.
  • Deeply touched by Charlie Parker's death, street musician Moondog wrote his famous "Bird's Lament" in his memory. Moondog affirmed that he had met Charlie Parker in the streets of New York and that they had planned to jam together.
  • The Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized many of Parker's improvisations for a five-piece saxophone section, which to many listeners bring new life to them, whereas others consider the arrangements as somewhat constructed.
  • Saxophonist Phil Woods recorded a tribute concert for Parker, and in an interview stated that he thought Parker had said everything he needed to say.
  • Weather Report's jazz fusion track and highly acclaimed big band standard "Birdland", from the ''Heavy Weather'' album (1977), was a dedication by bandleader Joe Zawinul to both Charlie Parker and the New York 52nd Street club itself. The piece featured Jaco Pastorius playing electric fretless bass. (Pastorius had made a name for himself when he included on his debut solo album an astounding rendition of the Charlie Parker and Miles Davis standard "Donna Lee".) The Manhattan Transfer made a vocalese cover version of the composition with lyrics by Jon Hendricks.
  • References to Charlie Parker was made and a remix of the song "Birdland" appeared on the songs "Jazz Corner of the World/Birdland" from Quincy Jones' album ''Back on the Block''.
  • In 2003 various artists including Serj Tankian and Dan the Automator put out ''Bird Up: The Charlie Parker Remix Project''. This album created new songs by remixing Charlie Parker's originals.
  • The biographical song "Parker's Band" was recorded by Steely Dan on its 1974 album ''Pretzel Logic''.
  • British jazz-rock band If paid tribute to Parker in the title track of their last album, ''Tea Break Over, Back on Your 'Eads'' (1975), including a Parker-styled saxophone solo and the lyrics "The Bird was the man to be heard" and "The music was the word".
  • The avant-garde trombonist George Lewis recorded ''Homage to Charles Parker'' (1979), an album that offers a unique combination of electronic music and the blues.
  • TISM's ''The White Albun'' (2004) contains the song "Tonight Harry's Practice Visits the Home of Charlie 'Bird' Parker". The song focuses on celebrity resentment and the possibility that taking drugs will make the otherwise dull celebrities more interesting. The title of the song refers to Australian television show Harry's Practice and, more specifically, the segment where Dr. Harry Cooper would visit a celebrity, in this case, the visit is to Charlie "Bird" Parker's house.
  • Sparks released the song "(When I Kiss You) I Hear Charlie Parker Playing" on their 1994 album ''Gratuitous Sax & Senseless Violins'', which prominently features Charlie Parker's name in the lyrics and makes references to his saxophone playing.
  • Duane Allman devised a unique slide guitar technique that enabled him to mimic the sounds of chirping birds, stating in at least one interview that this was his tribute to Parker. This can be heard in numerous live recordings, most notably "Mountain Jam" on The Allman Brothers Band's CDs ''Eat a Peach'' and ''The Fillmore Concerts'' (shortly before the drum interlude). Another, more delicate, version is in the song "Finding Her" on Boz Scaggs' self-titled debut album, first released in 1969. This technique can also be heard at the end of Derek & the Dominos 1970 hit "Layla" on which Allman played.
  • ''The Only World'' by poet Lynda Hull includes the poem "Ornithology" about Charlie Parker.
  • The poem "Song for Bird and Myself" by Jack Spicer was written in memory of Charlie Parker.
  • The song "Jack & Neal/California, Here I Come," on the album ''Foreign Affairs'' by Tom Waits has a line that goes: "...with Charlie Parker on the bandstand not a worry in the world".
  • The lyrics of the song "Can't Stop" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers reference Parker with the line "birds that blow the meaning into bebop."
  • Richard Thompson references Charlie Parker in his song "Outside of the Inside" on the album ''The Old Kit Bag'' (2005).
  • Charlie Parker is referenced in the song "Rothko Chapel" by David Dondero on the album ''Simple Love'' (2007).
  • Harry Chapin references Charlie Parker in the song "There Only Was One Choice" from the 1977 ''Dance Band On The Titanic'' album.
  • Refused included live recordings of Parker at the end of the song "Liberation Frequency" and transitioned it into "The Deadly Rhythm" on the album ''The Shape of Punk to Come''.
  • Spanish rock band Saratoga wrote a song "Charlie se fue" ("Charlie is Gone") as a tribute to Parker. It is included in its 1999 album ''Vientos de Guerra''. The song's lyrics begin: ''"Antes que Malcom y King, que Lennon, en Kansas City surgio la estrella."'' ("Before Malcolm and King, before Lennon, in Kansas City arose the Star".)
  • nameCharlie Parker Residence
    nrhp typenrhp
    locmapinNew York City
    lat degrees40
    lat minutes43
    lat seconds36
    lat directionN
    long degrees73
    long minutes58
    long seconds50
    long directionW
    coord parametersregion:US-NY_type:landmark
    location151 Avenue BManhattan, New York City
    builtc.1849
    architectureGothic Revival
    addedApril 7, 1994
    designated nrhp typeApril 7, 1994
    refnum94000262
    governing bodyprivate
    designated other2 nameNYC Landmark
    designated other2 dateMay 18, 1999
    designated other2 abbrNYCL
    designated other2 linkNew York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
    designated other2 color#ff0000 }}

    Charlie Parker Residence[link]

    From 1950 to 1954, Parker and his common-law wife, Chan Richardson, lived in the ground floor of the townhouse at 151 Avenue B, across from Tompkins Square Park in Manhattan's East Village. The Gothic Revival building, which was built c.1849, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and was designated a New York City landmark in 1999. Avenue B, between East 7th and 10th Streets, was renamed Charlie Parker Place in 1992.

    Other tributes[link]

  • The 1957 story "Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin features a jazz/blues playing virtuoso who names Bird as the "greatest" jazz musician, whose style he hopes to emulate.
  • The 1985 film ''Round Midnight'' included a character who was the daughter of the main character (played by Dexter Gordon) whose name was "Chan", and the end theme was entitled "Chan's Song", written by Herbie Hancock. Chan was the name of Parker's common-law wife when he died.
  • In 1949, the New York night club Birdland was named in his honor. Three years later, George Shearing wrote "Lullaby of Birdland", named for both Parker and the nightclub.
  • A memorial to Parker was dedicated in 1999 in Kansas City at 17th Terrace and The Paseo, near the American Jazz Museum located at 18th and Vine, featuring a tall bronze head sculpted by Robert Graham.
  • The Charlie Parker Jazz Festival is a free two-day music festival that takes place every summer on the last weekend of August in Manhattan, New York City, at Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem and Tompkins Square Park in the Lower East Side, sponsored by the non-profit organization City Parks Foundation. The festival marked its 17th anniversary in 2009.
  • Every August, the Tribes Gallery in New York's Lower East Side sponsors a Charlie Parker Festival that includes musical performances, art exhibits, poetry readings.
  • Every weekday morning, disc jockey Phil Schaap plays Parker's music on WKCR in New York. His show, called ''Birdflight'', is devoted to Parker's music and has been running since 1981.
  • In one of his most famous short story collections, ''Las armas secretas'' (''The Secret Weapons''), Julio Cortázar dedicated "''El perseguidor''" ("The Pursuer") to the memory of Charlie Parker. This piece examines the last days of Johnny, a drug-addict saxophonist, through the eyes of Bruno, his biographer. Some qualify this story as one of Cortazar's masterpieces in the genre.
  • A biographical film called ''Bird'', starring Forest Whitaker as Parker and directed by Clint Eastwood, was released in 1988.
  • In 1984, legendary modern dance choreographer Alvin Ailey created the piece ''For Bird – With Love'' in honor of Parker. The piece chronicles his life, from his early career to his failing health.
  • In 2005, the Selmer Paris saxophone manufacturer commissioned a special "Tribute to Bird" alto saxophone, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the death of Charlie Parker (1955–2005). This saxophone will be built until 2010, each one featuring a unique engraving and an original design.
  • Parker's performances of "I Remember You" and "Parker's Mood" (recorded for the Savoy label in 1948, with the Charlie Parker All Stars, comprising Parker on alto sax, Miles Davis on trumpet, John Lewis on piano, Curley Russell on bass, and Max Roach on drums) were selected by Harold Bloom for inclusion on his shortlist of the "twentieth-century American Sublime", the greatest works of American art produced in the 20th century. A vocalese version of "Parker's Mood" was a popular success for King Pleasure.
  • Parker is referenced in Jack Kerouac's ''On the Road'' as being a major influence of the Bop movement; at the time, Kerouac's character watches a performance of Parker at a club in downtown Chicago.
  • The Oris Watch Company created a limited edition timepiece in Charlie Parker's name. The watch features the word "bird" at the 4 o'clock hour, in honor of Parker's nickname and signifying "Jazz, until 4 in the morning".
  • Jean-Michel Basquiat created many pieces to honour Charlie Parker, including ''Charles the First'', ''CPRKR'' and ''Discography I''.
  • In 1995, ''Live Bird'', a one-man play about Charlie Parker, written and performed by actor/saxophonist Jeff Robinson, made its premier at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston, Massachusetts.
  • A ''Far Side'' cartoon published on Parker's birthday in 1990 entitled "Charlie Parker's private hell" shows him locked in a recording booth, screaming, while a whistling devil pipes in nothing but new age music.
  • Charley Parker, the real name of comic book character Golden Eagle, is a reference to Parker.
  • In an episode of ''Cowboy Bebop'', Jet Black dreams that Parker tells him, "Only hands can wash hands. If you want to receive, you have to give."
  • In an episode of ''Metalocalypse'' William Murderface of the band Dethklok is heard to be singing his own tribute to Charlie Parker while drunk in a bar in the opening minutes of an episode. The lyrics included "Stand up U.S.A, stand up like Charlie Parker stood up, stand up Charlie Parker style..."
  • Owen Dodson wrote a poem whose title itself indicates the tribute. It is called "Yardbird's Skull".
  • On the Del Close recording ''How to Speak Hip'', John Brent's character, Geets Romo, says it is "uncool to claim you used to run with Bird, or that you have Bird's ax, and you know, it's even less cool to ask, 'Who is Bird?'" This is also sampled in the 1994 Hans Dulfer song "Jazz Disaster (Cool)".
  • Parker plays at a night club in ''The Subterraneans'' by Jack Kerouac. He appears in other works by Kerouac as well.
  • In episode 16 of ''The Mighty Boosh'', Charlie Parker's rare "Yardbird" LP can be seen on one of the racks in the Nabootique.
  • The protagonist in John Connolly's series of crime novels is named Charlie Parker and even shares the nickname "Bird."
  • Charlie Watts, drummer for the Rolling Stones, wrote a children's book entitled ''Ode to a High Flying Bird'' as a tribute to Parker. Watts has cited Parker as a major influence in his life as a young man learning to play jazz.
  • Notes [link]

    References[link]

  • Aebersold, Jamey, editor (1978). ''Charlie Parker Omnibook''. New York: Michael H. Goldsen.
  • Giddins, Gary (1987). ''Celebrating Bird: The Triumph of Charlie Parker''. New York: Beech Tree Books, William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-05950-3
  • Koch, Lawrence (1999). ''Yardbird Suite: A Compendium of the Music and Life of Charlie Parker''. Boston, Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55555-384-1
  • Parker, Chan (1999). ''My Life In E-Flat''. University Of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-245-9
  • Reisner, George (1962). ''Bird: The Legend of Charlie Parker''. New York, Bonanza Books.
  • Russell, Ross (1973). ''Bird Lives! The High Life & Hard Times of Charlie (Yardbird) Parker''. New York:Charterhouse. ISBN 0-306-80679-7
  • Woideck, Carl (1998). ''Charlie Parker: His Music and Life''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08555-7
  • Woideck, Carl, editor (1998). ''The Charlie Parker Companion: Six Decades of Commentary''. New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-864714-9
  • Yamaguchi, Masaya, editor (1955). ''Yardbird Originals''. New York: Charles Colin, reprinted 2005.
  • External links[link]

  • The Official Site of Charlie "Yardbird" Parker
  • Charlie Parker discography at Discogs
  • Charlie Parker discography
  • Charlie Parker on Find A Grave
  • Charlie Parker Sessionography
  • Clips and notes about Parker
  • Category:1920 births Category:1955 deaths Category:People from Kansas City, Kansas Category:African American musicians Category:American buskers Category:American jazz composers Category:American jazz saxophonists Category:Bebop saxophonists Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Infectious disease deaths in New York Category:Jazz alto saxophonists Category:Musicians from Missouri Category:Savoy Records artists

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    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    nameGeorge Michael
    backgroundsolo_singer
    birth nameGeorgios Kyriacos Panayiotou
    birth dateJune 25, 1963
    birth placeEast Finchley, North London, England
    instrumentVocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar, piano, keyboards, drums, percussion
    genrePop rock, New Wave, synthpop, blue-eyed soul
    occupationMusician, singer-songwriter, record producer
    years active1980–present
    labelColumbia, Sony, Aegean Records
    associated actsWham!, Band Aid, Elton John, Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, Mutya Buena, Whitney Houston, Jody Watley
    influencesStevie Wonder, Elton John, Paul McCartney, Aretha Franklin, Paul Young, The Temptations, Queen, Marvin Gaye
    website
    notable instrumentsPiano''John Lennon'' model "Z" Steinway }}

    George Michael [born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (); 25 June 1963) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. Michael rose to fame in the 1980s when he formed the pop duo Wham! with his school friend, Andrew Ridgeley. His first solo single, "Careless Whisper", was released when he was still in the duo and sold about six million copies worldwide.

    As one of the world's best-selling music artists, Michael has sold more than 100 million records worldwide as of 2010. His 1987 debut solo album, ''Faith'', has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide and made several records and achievements in the United States. Michael has garnered seven number one singles in the UK and eight number one hits on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in the US. In 2008, ''Billboard'' magazine ranked Michael the 40th most successful artist on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists list.

    Michael has won numerous music awards throughout his 30-year career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male twice, four MTV Video Music Awards, four Ivor Novello Awards, three American Music Awards, and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations.

    In 2004, the Radio Academy named Michael as the most played artist on British radio between the period of 1984–2004. The documentary ''A Different Story'' was released in 2005; it covered his personal life and professional career. In 2006, George Michael announced his first tour in 15 years. The 25 Live tour was a massive, worldwide undertaking by Michael, spanning three individual tours over the course of three years (2006, 2007 and 2008).

    Early life[link]

    Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou in East Finchley, North London. His father, Kyriacos Panayiotou, a Greek Cypriot restaurateur, moved to England in the 1950s and changed his name to Jack Panos. Michael's mother, Lesley Angold (née Harrison, 1937–1997), was an English dancer who died from cancer in Fulham. His maternal grandmother was Jewish, but hid that fact from her children during World War II for fear of persecution. Michael spent the majority of his childhood in North London, in the home his parents bought soon after his birth. While in his early teens, the family moved to Radlett. There Michael attended the Bushey Meads School, where he met Andrew Ridgeley. The two had the same career ambition of being musicians. George Michael lived in Kingsbury NW9 and use to play in Roe Green Park, he attended Kingsbury High School. His father still owns a restaurant in Edgware called Mr Jack's. When Wham! reached No. 1 in the UK, the duo had a party at the restaurant.

    George Michael used to be seen in Kingsbury as a child playing with his sisters outside Boots.

    His involvement in the music business began with his working as a DJ, playing at clubs and local schools around Bushey, Stanmore and Watford. This was followed by the formation of a short-lived ska band called The Executive with Ridgeley, Ridgeley's brother Paul, Andrew Leaver, and David Mortimer (aka David Austin).

    Musical career[link]

    1981–1986: Wham![link]

    Michael first found success after forming the duo Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981. The band's first album ''Fantastic'' reached no. 1 in the UK and produced a series of top 10 singles including "Young Guns (Go For It!)", "Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)" and "Club Tropicana". Their second album, ''Make It Big'', was the breakthrough that made the duo international superstars, reaching No. 1 on the charts in the US Singles from that album included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go", "Freedom", "Everything She Wants", and "Careless Whisper", the latter of which was Michael's first solo effort as a single.

    Michael sang on the original Band Aid recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and donated the profits from "Last Christmas/Everything She Wants" to charity. In addition, he contributed background vocals to David Cassidy's 1985 hit "The Last Kiss", as well as Elton John's 1985 successes "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up". Michael cited Cassidy as a major career influence and interviewed Cassidy for David Litchfield's prestigious Ritz Newspaper.

    Wham!'s tour of China in April 1985, the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, generated enormous worldwide media coverage, much of it centred on Michael. The tour was documented by celebrated film director Lindsay Anderson and producer Martin Lewis in their film ''Foreign Skies: Wham! In China'' and contributed to Michael's ever-increasing fame.

    With the success of Michael's solo singles, "Careless Whisper" (1984) and "A Different Corner" (1986), rumours of an impending break up of Wham! intensified. The duo officially separated during the summer of 1986, after releasing a farewell single, "The Edge of Heaven" and a singles compilation, ''The Final'', plus a sell-out concert at Wembley Stadium that included the world premiere of the China film. The Wham! partnership ended officially with the commercially successful single "The Edge of Heaven", which reached no.1 on the UK chart in June 1986.

    Solo career[link]

    The beginning of his solo career, during early 1987, was a duet with soul music icon Aretha Franklin. "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" was a one-off project that helped Michael achieve an ambition by singing with one of his favourite artists, and it scored number one on both the UK Singles Chart and the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 upon its release.

    For Michael, it became his third consecutive solo number one in the UK from three releases, after 1984's "Careless Whisper" (though the single was actually from the Wham! album ''Make It Big'') and 1986's "A Different Corner". The single was also the first Michael had recorded as a solo artist which he had not written himself. The co-writer, Simon Climie, was unknown at the time, although he would have success as a performer with the band Climie Fisher in 1988. Michael and Aretha Franklin won a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best R&B; Performance – Duo or Group with Vocal for the song.

    1987–1989: ''Faith''[link]

    During the autumn of 1987, Michael released his first solo album, ''Faith''. In addition to playing a large number of instruments on the album, he wrote and produced every track on the recording, except for one, which he co-wrote.

    The first single released from the album was "I Want Your Sex", during the summer of 1987. The song was banned by many radio stations in the UK and US, due to its sexually suggestive lyrics. MTV would broadcast the video, featuring celebrity make-up artist Kathy Jeung in a basque and suspenders, only during the late night hours. Michael argued that the act was beautiful if the sex was monogamous. Michael even recorded a brief prologue for the video in which he said: "This song is not about casual sex." One of the racier scenes involved Michael writing the words "explore monogamy" on his partner's back in lipstick. Some radio stations played a toned-down version of the song, "I Want Your Love," which was mainly the word "love" replacing "sex." When the tune reached the US charts, ''American Top 40'' host Casey Kasem refused to say the song's title, referring to it only as "the new single by George Michael."

    Despite censorship and radio play problems, "I Want Your Sex" reached No.2 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart and at No.3 in Britain.

    The second single, "Faith", was released during October 1987, just a few weeks before the album. "Faith" would become one of his most popular songs. The song hit No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and maintained that position for four consecutive weeks. It also reached no.2 in the UK Singles Chart. The famous video provided some definitive images of the 1980s music industry in the process—Michael in shades, leather jacket, cowboy boots, and Levi's jeans, playing a guitar near a classic-design jukebox. On 30 October, Faith was released in the UK and in several markets worldwide. In the United States, the album had 51 non-consecutive weeks in the Top 10 of ''Billboard'' 200, including 12 weeks at no.1. "Faith" had many successes, four of which ("Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey") reached no. 1. Eventually, "Faith" received Diamond certification by the RIAA for sales of 10 million copies in the US. To date, global sales of ''Faith'' are more than 25 million units.

    In 1988, Michael embarked on a world tour. The nightly set list included from the Wham! era "Everything She Wants" and "I'm Your Man", as well as covers of "Lady Marmalade" or "Play That Funky Music". In Los Angeles, California, Michael was joined on stage by Aretha Franklin for "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)". It was the second highest grossing event of 1988, earning $17.7 million. According to Michael in his film, ''A Different Story'', success did not make him happy and he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls. The whole ''Faith'' process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family. At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards in Los Angeles, Michael received the Video Vanguard Award. In 1990, he told his record company Sony that, for his second album, he did not want to do promotions like the one for Faith.

    1990–1992: ''Listen Without Prejudice''[link]

    ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1'' was released in September 1990. For this album, Michael tried to create a new reputation as a serious-minded artist; the title is an indication of his desire to be taken more seriously as a songwriter. Michael refused to make any kind of promotion for this album, including no music videos for the singles released. The first single, "Praying for Time", was released in August 1990. It concerned social ills and injustice; the song was an instant success, reaching No. 6 in the UK and No. 1 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100, despite the absence of a video. A video was released shortly thereafter, consisting of the lyrics on a dark background. Michael did not appear in this video or any subsequent videos for the album.

    The second single "Waiting for That Day" was an acoustic-heavy single, released as an immediate follow-up to "Praying For Time". It reached No. 27 in the US and No. 23 in the UK in October 1990. The album was released in Europe on 3 September 1990 (and one week later in the United States). It reached No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart and peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200. It spent a total of 88 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and was certified 4 times Platinum by the BPI. The album produced 5 UK singles, which were released quickly, within an at eight-month period: "Praying for Time", "Waiting for That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40).

    "Freedom '90" was the second of only two of its singles to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time"). The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music. As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, and Cindy Crawford to appear in and lip sync in his stead. It also featured the reduction of his sex symbol status. It had contrasting fortunes on each side of the Atlantic—a No.8 success on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in the US, but only No.28 on the UK Singles Chart. "Mother's Pride" gained significant radio play in the United States during the first Persian Gulf War during 1991, often with radio stations mixing in callers' tributes to soldiers with the music. It reached No.46 on ''Billboard'' Hot 100 with only airplay. In the end, ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1'' sold approximately 8 million copies.

    In 1991, George Michael embarked on the "Cover to Cover Tour" in Japan, England, the US, and Brazil, where he performed at the "Rock in Rio" event. In the audience in Rio, he saw and later met Anselmo Feleppa, the man who would become his partner. The tour was not a proper promotion for ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1''. Rather, it was more about Michael singing his favourite cover songs. Among his favourites was "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", a 1974 song by Elton John; Michael and John had performed the song together at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and again for Michael's concert at London's Wembley Arena on 25 March 1991, where the duet was recorded. The single was released at the end of 1991 and became a success on both sides of the Atlantic.

    In the meantime, the expected follow-up album, ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 2'', was scrapped due to Michael's lawsuit with Sony. Among Michael's complaints was that Sony had not completely supported the release of his second album, resulting in its poor performance in the US as compared to ''Faith''. Sony responded that Michael's refusal to appear in promotional videos had caused the bad response. Michael ended the idea for ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 2'' and donated three songs to the charity project ''Red Hot + Dance'', for the Red Hot Organization which raised money for AIDS awareness, while a fourth track "Crazyman Dance" was the B-side of 1992's "Too Funky". Michael donated the royalties from "Too Funky" to the same cause. The song did not appear on any George Michael studio album, although later it was included on his solo collections ''Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael'' in 1998 and ''Twenty Five'' in 2006. The video featured Michael (sporadically) as a director filming supermodels Linda Evangelista, Beverly Peele, Estelle Lefébure and Nadja Auermann at a fashion show. "Too Funky" was a success, reaching number 4 in the UK singles chart and number 10 in the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

    1993: ''Five Live''[link]

    George Michael performed at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert on 20 April 1992 at London's Wembley Stadium. The concert was a tribute to the life of the late Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, with some proceeds going to AIDS research. Michael performed "'39" and "Somebody to Love". The performance of the latter was released on the "Five Live" EP.

    ''Five Live'', released in 1993 for Parlophone in the UK and Hollywood Records in the US, features five—and in some countries, six—tracks performed by George Michael, Queen, and Lisa Stansfield."Somebody to Love" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives" were recorded at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. "Killer", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and "Calling You" were all live performances recorded during his "Cover to Cover Tour" from 1991. Michael's performances of "Somebody to Love" was hailed as "one of best performances of the tribute concert". The idea of having George Michael take over as full-time lead singer of Queen was even given serious consideration.

    All proceeds from the sale of the EP benefited the Mercury Phoenix Trust. Sales of the EP were very strong through Europe, where it debuted at number 1 in the UK and several European countries. Chart success in the United States was less spectacular, where it peaked at number 40 on the ''Billboard'' 200 ("Somebody to Love" reached No.30 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100).

    1994–1997: ''Older''[link]

    During November 1994, after a long period of seclusion, George Michael appeared at the first MTV Europe Music Awards show, where he gave a touching performance of a brand-new song, "Jesus to a Child". The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993.

    The song was Michael's first self-penned success in his homeland in almost four years; it entered the UK singles chart at No. 1 and No. 7 on ''Billboard'' in the same month of release. It was also Michael's longest UK Top 40 single, at almost seven minutes long. The exact identity of the song's subject—and the nature of Michael's relationship with Feleppa—was shrouded in innuendo and speculation, as Michael had not confirmed he was homosexual and did not do so until 1998. The video for "Jesus to a Child" was a picture of images recalling loss, pain and suffering. Michael consistently dedicates the song to Feleppa before performing it live.

    The second single, released in April 1996, was "Fastlove", an energetic tune about wanting gratification and fulfilment without commitment. The song was somewhat unusual for a popular song, in that it did not have a defined chorus and that the single version was nearly five minutes long. "Fastlove" was supported by a futuristic virtual reality-related video. It scored No. 1 in the UK singles chart, spending three weeks at the top spot. In the US, "Fastlove" peaked at No. 8, his most recent single to reach the top 10 on the US charts. Following "Fastlove", Michael finally released ''Older'', his first studio album in six years and only the third in his ten year solo career. The album's US and Canada release was particularly notable as it was the first album released by David Geffen's (now-defunct) DreamWorks Records. Older was particularly notable for the release of its six singles. Each of them reached the UK Top 3, a record for the most singles in the British Top 3 released from a single album. At the time of release of the album's fifth single, "Star People '97", chart specialist James Masterton noted George Michael's success on the singles charts, writing: "George Michael nonetheless makes an impressive Top 3 entry with this single. The Older album has now proved itself to be far and away his most commercially successful recording ever. Five singles now lifted and every single one has been a Top 3 hit. Compare this with the two Top 3 hits produced by ''Faith'' and ''Listen Without Prejudice's'' scant total of one Top Tenner and one single which missed the Top 40 altogether. This sustained single success has, of course, been achieved with a little help from marketing tricks such as remixes – or in this case a new recording of the album track which gives it a much-needed transformation into a deserved commercial smash."

    In 1996, Michael was voted 'Best British Male', at the MTV Europe Music Awards and the Brit Awards; and at The Ivor Novello Awards, he was awarded the prestigious title of 'Songwriter of The Year' for the third time. Michael performed a concert at Three Mills Studios, London, for ''MTV Unplugged''. It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother. The next year, she died of cancer.

    1998: ''Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael''[link]

    ''Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael'' was Michael's first solo greatest hits collection released in 1998. The collection of 28 songs (29 songs are included on the European and Australian release) are separated into two halves, with each containing a particular theme and mood. The first CD, titled "For the Heart", predominantly contains Michael's successful ballads, while the second CD, "For the Feet", consists mainly of his popular dance tunes. It was released through Sony Music Entertainment as a condition of severing contractual ties with the label.

    The album is notable for containing a large number of compilation tracks and duets that had not previously appeared on his albums, including his duet with Aretha Franklin, "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"; "Desafinado", a duet in Portuguese with Brazilian legendary singer Astrud Gilberto; and the Elton John duet "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me".

    ''Ladies & Gentlemen'' was an instant success, peaking at number one on the UK Albums Chart for 8 weeks. It has spent over 200 weeks in the UK Charts, and it is the 38 best-selling album of all time in the UK. It is certified 7 times platinum in the United Kingdom and Multi-Platinum in the United States, and it's George Michael's most commercially successful album in his homeland having sold more than 2.8 million copies. To date, the album has reached worldwide sales of approximately 15 million copies.

    The first single of the album, "Outside" was a humorous song about his arrest for soliciting a policeman in a public restroom. "As", his duet with Mary J. Blige, was released as the second single in many territories around the world. Both singles reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart.

    1999: ''Songs from the Last Century''[link]

    ''Songs from the Last Century'' is a studio album of cover tracks. It was released in 1999 and was the final George Michael album to be released through Virgin Records. To date, the album has peaked the lowest of his solo effort. The album debuted at number 157 on the American ''Billboard'' 200 albums chart, which was also the album's peak position. It was also his lowest-charting album in the UK, becoming his only solo effort not to reach number 1. It peaked at number 2 in the UK Albums Chart. It consists of old standards, plus new interpretations of more recent popular songs such as "Roxanne", "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"; and the Frank Sinatra classic "Where or When". Each of the 11 tracks was co-produced by Phil Ramone and George Michael.

    2000–2005: ''Patience''[link]

    Michael began working on what would be his fifth studio album, spending two years in the recording studio. His first single "Freeek!", taken from the new album, was successful in Europe going to number one in Italy, Portugal, Spain and Denmark in 2002 and reaching the top 10 in the UK and the top 5 in Australia. It made 22 charts around the world. However, his next single "Shoot the Dog" proved to be highly controversial when released in July 2002. It was highly critical of George W. Bush and Tony Blair in the leadup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It reached number one in Denmark and made the top 5 in most European charts. However, in Britain it peaked at only number 12 in the UK Singles Chart.

    On 17 November 2003, George Michael re-signed with Sony Music after a legal battle with the company led to his contract being sold to rival record companies Virgin Records and DreamWorks Records. When Michael's fifth studio album, ''Patience'', was released in 2004, it went straight to number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, and became one of the fastest selling albums in the UK, selling over 200,000 copies in the first week alone. In Australia it reached number 2 on 22 March. It reached the Top 5 on most European charts, and peaked at number 12 in the United States, selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA. Critically acclaimed, it is considered the album of George Michael's comeback to the spotlight in the new millennium, selling around 7 million copies worldwide and spawning four (of six) new hit singles.

    "Amazing", the first single off the album, became a number one hit in Europe. When Michael appeared on the ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' on 26 May 2004, to promote the album, he performed "Amazing", along with his classic songs "Father Figure" and "Faith". On the show Michael spoke of his arrest, revealing his homosexuality, and his resumption of public performances. He allowed Oprah's crew inside his home outside of London. The second single taken off the album was "Flawless (Go to the City)", It was a dance hit in Europe as well as North America, reaching no.1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot Dance Club Play and became Michael's last number one single on the United States Dance chart. In November, Sony released another single – "Round Here". It was the least successful single taken from ''Patience'' when it stalled the UK charts at no. 32. In 2005, "John and Elvis Are Dead" was released as the final single from the album; it was released as a download single and was therefore unable to chart in the United Kingdom.

    George Michael announced that ''Patience'' will be the last record on sale to the public. He told BBC Radio 1 on 10 March 2004 that future music that he puts out will be available for download, with fans encouraged to make a donation to charity.

    2005–2008: ''Twenty Five'' and concert tours[link]

    ''Twenty Five'' was George Michael's second greatest hits album, celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career. Released in November 2006 by Sony BMG, it debuted at no.1 in the UK.

    The album contains songs chiefly from George Michael's solo career but also from his earlier days in Wham! It comes in two formats: two CDs or a limited edition three-CD set. The 2-CD set contained 26 tracks, including four recorded with Wham! and three new songs: "An Easier Affair"; "This Is Not Real Love" (a duet with Mutya Buena, formerly of Sugababes, which peaked at No.15 in the UK Charts); and a new version of "Heal the Pain" recorded with Paul McCartney. The limited edition three-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks, including one from Wham! and another completely new song, "Understand".

    ''Twenty Five'' was released in North America on 1 April 2008 as a 29-song, two-CD set featuring several new songs (including duets with Paul McCartney and Mary J. Blige and a song from the short-lived TV series Eli Stone) in addition to many of Michael's successful songs from both his solo and Wham! career. To commemorate the ''Twenty Five'' album, George Michael toured North America for the first time in 17 years, playing large venues in major cities including New York, Los Angeles, St. Paul/Minneapolis, Chicago and Dallas.

    The DVD version of ''Twenty Five'' contains 40 videos on two discs, including seven with Wham!.

    During the 2005 Live 8 concert, Michael joined Paul McCartney on stage, harmonising on The Beatles classic "Drive My Car". Michael was one of several remixers commissioned in 1990 to work on dance mixes for Bananarama's "Tripping on Your Love". Bananarama covered "Careless Whisper" for their ''Exotica'' album in 2001, and the track was also released as a single in France.

    In 2006, Michael started his first tour in 15 years, 25 Live. The tour began in Barcelona, Spain, on 23 September and finished in December at Wembley Arena in England. According to his website, the 80-show tour was seen by 1.3 million fans. On 12 May 2007 in Coimbra, Portugal, he began the European "25 Live Stadium Tour 2007", including London and Athens, and ending on 4 August 2007 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. There were 29 tour dates (as of 21 April 2007) across Europe. On 9 June 2007 Michael became the first artist to perform live at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium in London, where he was later fined £130,000 for overrunning the programme for 13 minutes.

    On 25 March 2008 a third part of the 25 Live Tour was announced for North America. This part included 21 dates in the United States and Canada. This was Michael's first tour of North America in 17 years. Following news of Michael's North American tour, ''Twenty Five'' was released in North America on 1 April 2008 as a 29-song, 2-CD set featuring several new songs (including duets with Paul McCartney and Mary J. Blige and a song from the short-lived TV series, ''Eli Stone'') in addition to many of Michael's successful songs from both his solo and Wham! career. In addition, a companion 2-disc DVD of 40 videos was also made available.

    Michael made his American acting debut by playing a guardian angel to Jonny Lee Miller's character on ''Eli Stone'', a TV series that was broadcast in the United States. In addition to performing on the show as himself and as "visions", each episode of the show's first season was named after a song of his. Michael appeared on the 2008 finale show of ''American Idol'' on 21 May singing "Praying for Time". When asked what he thought Simon will say of his performance, he replied "I think he'll probably tell me I shouldn't have done a George Michael song. He's told plenty of people that in the past, so I think that'd be quite funny."

    On 1 December, Michael played a last concert in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, as part of the 37th National Day Celebrations.

    2008–present: Latest projects[link]

    On 25 December 2008, Michael released a new track "December Song" on his website for free. It was hoped that fans who download the song would donate money to charity. Though the song is not available any more on his website, it remains available on file sharing networks and on 29 October 2009 the BBC said that George Michael was to join the race for the UK Christmas number one as a remastered version of "December Song" would go on sale on 13 December. The popularity of the single was boosted by a promotional appearance that Michael made on ''The X Factor'', where he performed the song with David Austin playing piano.

    At the end of 2009, Michael announced, after months of speculation, that he would be performing shows in the Australian cities of Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, his first concerts in Australia since 1988. On 20 February 2010, Michael performed his first show in Perth at the Burswood dome to an audience of 15,000.

    On 5 March 2010, Michael confirmed that he would be a guest performer at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras After Party, where he performed at 1 am, followed by Kelly Rowland at 3 am.

    On 2 March 2011 Michael announced the release of his cover version of New Order's 1987 hit "True Faith" in aid of the charity Comic Relief. ''The Guardian'' called his version a "dreary run through a song that now sounds like it's being performed by a depressed Dalek" and questioned whether it was "the worst 'non-comedy' charity single of all time". Michael released a cover of Stevie Wonder's 1972 song, "You and I" on 15 April 2011, as an MP3 gift to Prince William and Catherine Middleton on the occasion of their wedding on 29 April 2011.

    Although the MP3 was released for free download, Michael appealed that those who do download the special track that make a contribution to "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund".

    On 11 May 2011, the Symphonica Tour was announced. Only European dates were released. The first show on the tour was performed at the Prague State Opera House on 22 August. In November, he had to cancel the remainder of the tour though, as he became severely ill in Vienna, Austria.

    In October 2011, Michael was announced as one of the final nominees for the Songwriter's Hall of Fame.

    Michael told fans over Twitter in January 2012 that he did not think his vocal cords would be ready for performance "till the summer", and that the tour will probably take place in September of that year, and may include previously unheard songs. Michael also announced in an interview with OK! magazine in October 2011 that he is working on a dance influenced album.

    Personal life[link]

    Sexuality[link]

    In a 2007 interview, Michael admitted that he had hidden the fact he was gay because of worries over what effect it might have on his mother.

    Relationships[link]

    Michael established a relationship with Anselmo Feleppa, whom he had met at the 1991 concert Rock in Rio. Feleppa died of a brain haemorrhage in 1993. Michael's single "Jesus to a Child" is a tribute to Feleppa (he consistently dedicates it to him before performing it live), as is his 1996 album ''Older''.

    In 1996, Michael entered into a long-term relationship with Kenny Goss, a former cheerleader coach and sportswear executive from Dallas. They had homes in London and Dallas. In late November 2005, it was reported that Michael and Goss would register their relationship as a civil partnership in the UK, but because of negative publicity and his upcoming tour, they postponed it to a later date. On 22 August 2011, the opening night of his Symphonica world tour, Michael announced that he and Goss had split two years earlier. Goss was present at Michael's British sentencing for driving under the influence of marijuana on 14 September 2010.

    Anonymous sex[link]

    Questions of Michael's sexual orientation persisted in public until 7 April 1998, when he was arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public toilet in a park in Beverly Hills, California. He was arrested by an undercover policeman named Marcelo Rodríguez, in a sting operation using so-called "pretty police."

    In an MTV interview, Michael stated: "I got followed into the restroom and then this cop—I didn't know it was a cop, obviously—he started playing this game, which I think is called, 'I'll show you mine, you show me yours, and then when you show me yours, I'm going to nick you!"

    After pleading "no contest" to the charge, Michael was fined US$810 and sentenced to 80 hours of community service. Soon afterwards, Michael made a video for his single "Outside" which was obviously based on the public toilet incident and which featured men dressed as policemen kissing. Rodríguez claimed that this video "mocked" him, and that Michael had slandered him in interviews. In 1999, he brought a US$10 million court case in California against the singer. The court dismissed the case, but an Appellate court reinstated the case on 3 December 2002. The court then ruled Rodríguez, as a public official, could not legally recover damages for emotional distress.

    After the incident, Michael became explicit about his sexuality and his relationship with Kenny Goss which began in June 1996.

    On 23 July 2006. Michael was again accused of engaging in anonymous public sex, this time at London's Hampstead Heath. The anonymous partner was later discovered to be 58-year-old Norman Kirtland, an unemployed van driver. Despite stating that he intended to sue both the ''News of the World'' tabloid who photographed the incident and Norman Kirtland for slander, Michael stated that he cruises for anonymous sex and that this was not an issue in his relationship with partner Kenny Goss.

    Drugs[link]

    On 26 February 2006, Michael was arrested for possession of Class C drugs, an incident that he described as "my own stupid fault, as usual." He was cautioned by the police and released.

    Michael was arrested in Cricklewood, North-West London, after motorists reported a car obstructing the road at traffic lights. He pleaded guilty on 8 May 2007 to driving while unfit through drugs. He was banned from driving for two years, and sentenced to community service.

    During September 2007, on ''Desert Island Discs'', he said that his cannabis use was a problem; he wished he could smoke less of it and was constantly trying to do so.

    On 19 September 2008, Michael was arrested in a public toilet in the Hampstead Heath area of London for possession of Class A and C drugs. He was taken to the police station and cautioned for controlled substance possession.

    On 5 December 2009, in an interview with ''The Guardian'', Michael explained he had cut back on cannabis and now smokes only 'seven or eight' spliffs per day instead of the 25 he used to smoke.

    In the early hours of Sunday 4 July 2010 Michael was returning from the Gay Pride parade. The singer was spotted on CCTV driving into the front of a Snappy Snaps store in Hampstead, North London and was arrested on suspicion of being unfit to drive. On 12 August, London's Metropolitan Police said he was "charged with possession of cannabis and with driving while unfit through drink or drugs". Michael had also been taking the prescription medication Amitriptyline.

    On 24 August 2010 the singer pleaded guilty at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court in London after admitting driving under the influence of drugs and on 14 September 2010 at the same court, was sentenced to eight weeks in prison, a fine, and a five year ban from driving. Michael was released from Highpoint Prison in Suffolk on 11 October 2010, after serving four weeks. It was reported that Michael had also been taking the prescription medication, Amitriptyline, a sleeping pill.

    Politics[link]

    Michael wrote "Shoot the Dog", a song critical about the friendly relationship between the American and British governments and their involvement in the Iraq War.

    During 2000, Michael joined Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, the Pet Shop Boys, and k.d. lang, to perform in Washington, D.C. as part of 'Equality Rocks' – a concert to benefit the Human Rights Campaign.

    During 2007, he sent the £1.45 million piano that John Lennon used to write "Imagine" around the United States on a "peace tour," having it on display at places where violence had taken place, such as Dallas' Dealey Plaza, where US President John. F. Kennedy was shot.

    He devoted his concert in Sofia, Bulgaria from his "Twenty Five Tour" to the Bulgarian nurses prosecuted in the HIV trial in Libya.

    On 17 June 2008, Michael said he was thrilled by California's legalisation of same-sex marriage, calling the move "way overdue."

    Charity[link]

    During 1984, he sang as part of Band Aid on the charity song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for famine relief in Ethiopia. This single scored No.1 on the UK music charts over Christmas 1984, holding Michael's own song, "Last Christmas" by Wham!, at #2. Michael donated the royalties from "Last Christmas" to Band Aid and subsequently sang with Elton John at Live Aid (the Band Aid charity concert) in 1985.

    In 2003 he paired up with Ronan Keating on the ''Who Wants to be a Millionaire?'' and won £32,000, after having their original £64,000 winnings halved after missing the £125,000 question.

    The proceeds from the single "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" were divided among 10 different charities for children, AIDS and education.

    Michael is supporting a campaign to help raise US$32 million (GBP15 million) for terminally ill children.

    Assets[link]

    According to reports, between the years 2006 and 2008, Michael earned £48.5 million ($97 million) from the 25 Live tour alone, as well as earning millions more for private concerts that he periodically does, such as for Billionaire Vladimir Potanin and super rich fashion shop owner Sir Philip Green. According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2011, George Michael is worth £90 million in currency alone.

    Memoirs[link]

    In 1991 Michael released an autobiography titled "Bare" through Penguin Books, which he co-wrote with writer Tony Parsons. The over 200 page book covers various aspects of his life, including details of his relationship with a former girlfriend. On 16 January 2008, Michael signed a contract with HarperCollins for an autobiography which he is to write "entirely himself".

    Health troubles[link]

    On 26 October 2011, Michael had to cancel a performance at London's Royal Albert Hall due to viral infection. On 21 November 2011, Michael was admitted to hospital in Vienna after complaining of chest pains at a hotel two hours prior to him performing at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour. Michael was later confirmed to have suffered from pneumonia and until 1 December was in an intensive-care unit. While Michael appeared to be "in good spirits" and was responding well to treatment following his admittance, hospital officials said on 25 November, that Michael's condition had "worsened overnight". This development led to Michael's remaining 2011 dates, most of them in the United Kingdom, being cancelled and postponed. Michael's partner, celebrity hairstylist Fadi Fawaz, told press that Michael's health was improving "by the hour". On 1 December, doctors in the hospital Michael stayed in, announced that the singer was "steadily improving" and had moved out of the intensive care unit. On 21 December 2011, Michael was discharged from the hospital. On 23 December 2011, Michael made a public speech in London about how the staff at the Vienna General Hospital had saved his life and how he was so grateful that he was going to perform a concert for the staff. Whilst making the speech, he became emotional and became breathless. During the speech, he also mentioned he had undergone a tracheotomy.

    Discography[link]

    Studio albums[link]

  • 1987: ''Faith''
  • 1990: ''Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1''
  • 1996: ''Older''
  • 1999: ''Songs from the Last Century''
  • 2004: ''Patience''
  • Awards[link]

    Tours[link]

  • Faith World Tour (1988–1989)
  • Cover to Cover (1991)
  • 25 Live (2006–2008)
  • George Michael Live in Australia (2010)
  • Symphonica Tour (2011–2012)
  • See also[link]

  • List of artists by total number of UK number-one singles
  • List of best-selling music artists
  • References[link]

    External links[link]

    Category:Living people Category:1963 births Category:Blue-eyed soul singers Category:Brit Award winners Category:British people of Greek descent Category:British people of Jewish descent Category:English Jews Category:English dance musicians Category:English-language singers Category:English multi-instrumentalists Category:English people of Cypriot descent Category:English pop singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English tenors Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Gay musicians from the United Kingdom Category:Gay people from England Category:Musicians from London Category:People convicted of drug offenses Category:People from Bushey Category:People from Finchley Category:Pop singer-songwriters Category:Singers from London Category:Wham! members Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from the United Kingdom

    ar:جورج مايكل az:Corc Maykl be:Джордж Майкл bg:Джордж Майкъл ca:George Michael cs:George Michael cy:George Michael da:George Michael de:George Michael et:George Michael es:George Michael eo:George Michael fa:جورج مایکل fo:George Michael fr:George Michael ga:George Michael gu:જ્યોર્જ માઇકલ ko:조지 마이클 hy:Ջորջ Մայքլ hi:जॉर्ज माइकल hr:George Michael io:George Michael id:George Michael it:George Michael he:ג'ורג' מייקל ka:ჯორჯ მაიკლი lv:Džordžs Maikls lt:George Michael hu:George Michael nl:George Michael ja:ジョージ・マイケル no:George Michael pl:George Michael pt:George Michael ro:George Michael ru:Джордж Майкл simple:George Michael sk:George Michael sr:Џорџ Мајкл sh:George Michael fi:George Michael sv:George Michael te:జార్జ్ మైకేల్ th:จอร์จ ไมเคิล tr:George Michael uk:Джордж Майкл vi:George Michael zh:乔治·迈克尔

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



    NameFabri Fibra
    Backgroundsolo_singer
    Birth nameFabrizio Tarducci
    BrotherNesli
    Birth dateOctober 17, 1976
    OriginSenigallia, Marche, Italy
    GenreHip hop, pop rap, electro hop
    Years active1996–present
    Websitehttp://www.fabrifibra.it }}
    Fabri Fibra (born Fabrizio Tarducci on 17 October 1976) is an Italian rapper.

    Biography [link]

    Tarducci was born in Senigallia, Marche. He became interested in music from a young age; he wrote and performed his first piece when he was 17 years old.

    In 1995 he recorded his first demo. He created the tandem Uomini di Mare with DJ Lato, beatmaker and deejay, and in 1996 they produced the underground CD ''Dei del mare quest'el gruv''. In 1999 Fabri and Lato produced and distributed the LP ''Sindrome di fine millennio'' ''("End of the Millennium Syndrome")'', with collaborations from El Presidente (also known as Esa), Inoki, Joe Cassano and his brother Nesli.

    Following his underground success, Fabri Fibra began performing around Italy. In 2000 he established his label and group Teste Mobili Records (Bobbing Head Records), and collaborated with various Italian rap groups, lending vocals as well as lyrics to the mixtape circuit.

    Solo career [link]

    ''Turbe Giovanili'' (2002) [link]

    In 2002 Fabri released his first solo album, titled ''Turbe giovanili'' ''(Juvenile Troubles)'', for which he wrote and recorded his lyrics under the production and arrangement of Neffa. A year later Fabri distributed ''Lato e Fabri Fibra'' which brought a close to the partnership with Lato and the Uomini di mare project with aky il grande.

    Nesli's ''Home'' and Fabri Fibra's ''Mr. Simpatia'' were released simultaneously on 1 September 2004.

    ''Mr. Simpatia'' (2004) [link]

    Released in 2004, ''Mr. Simpatia'' ''(Mr. Sympathy)'' is Fibra's second solo album. All the instrumental bases were made by his younger brother, the rapper Nesli Rice, with the exceptions of "Non Ti Invidio" ("I Don't Envy You") (made by Bassi Maestro) and the album's bonus track (by Bosca).

    The album cover shows Fibra's head lying on its side with a gruesome injury. ''Mr. Simpatia'' is an ironic title; the tracks' main themes are the Italian hip hop scene, contempt for society, relationships with girls, and Fibra's frustration about his job.

    ''Tradimento'' (2006) [link]

    After splitting from his recording company contract at Vibrarecords, Fabri went underground and went unheard from for a year, until he resurfaced with a new deal at major recording company Universal Music Italia. Under the production of Fish and brother Nesli Fabri created his most commercially and artistically successful album, ''Tradimento'' ("Betrayal"). His first single, released in Europe 4 April 2006, was "Applausi per Fibra" ("Applause for Fibra"). The single discussed Fibra's personal and life experiences overcome by Fabri himself, with a certain emphasis on self-praise.

    Only a week after the official launch (6 June 2006) the album reached the number one spot in album sales. However it was criticized for its use of expletives, indifference in its presentation of provocative themes, and its misogynist views of women, all of which were found across the album.

    Following the success of "Applausi per Fibra", the second, more urban-themed single, "Su le mani" ("On Your Hands"), was released. This was followed by the release of "Mal di stomaco" ("Stomachache"), which gained instant infamy, most notably for the originality of its music video (a fabricated broadcast of SKY TG24 - a Satellite news station) that reports on the death of Fabri Fibra in a car accident. The authenticity is sealed with "live coverage" reports, interviews from famous stars such as Fernanda Lessa, Eva Henger, Jimmy Ghione, producer Fish, rapper Vacca and brother Nesli. The video ends with Fabri's body disappearing from the morgue.

    The last single is "Idee stupide" ("Stupid Ideas"), with a black and white video which, whilst not as original as the former video, uses a ''Rocky''-style montage that compliments Fabri's underdog lyrics.

    In 2010, ''Tradimento'' came second in a newspaper poll, making it the second most important album of the decade in Italy. ''Tradimento'' is the biggest selling album in Italian music history.

    ''Bugiardo'' (2008) [link]

    Fabri Fibra's next album, ''Bugiardo'' ''(Liar)'', came out on 9 November 2007, after the release of the street-single "Questo è il nuovo singolo" ("This is the new single"). The first official single, "Bugiardo", came out on 15 October 2007 and the second official single being "La Soluzione" ("The Solution"), which came out on 9 November 2007. On 25 April 2008, Fibra released the single “In Italia” featuring singer Gianna Nannini. The song became a massive summer hit, being the most watched music video in Italy of 2008 and earning a nomination at the MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Italian Act.

    '' Chi Vuole Essere Fabri Fibra? '' (2009) [link]

    On 10 April 2009, Fibra released his fifth album, entitled ''Chi Vuole Essere Fabri Fibra?'' ''(Who Wants To Be Fabri Fibra?)'' He released two songs from the album, entitled "Incomprensioni" ("Incomprehension") (featuring Federico Zampaglione) and "Speak English", which discusses the cultural differences between Italy and England; the video for "Speak English" was shot in Brighton, where Fibra lived and worked for four years. A track off the album, entitled "Donna Famosa" ("Famous Woman"), is featured in the soundtrack of the ''FIFA 10'' football video game.

    '' Controcultura '' (2010) [link]

    From 18 February 2010, MTV Italia broadcast a program on Thursday nights entitled ''Fabri Fibra: Italy''. The program was defined as a docu-drama, and included five episodes showing the lives of young people living in socially disadvantaged situations. On 4 May 2010, Fibra released a remastered album of ''Turbe giovanilili'', entituled ''Turbe giovanili Remaster''. On 20 July 2010, Fibra also released his first web-album, entitled ''Quorum'', which is available in his website.

    The album ''Controcultura'' ''(Counterculture)'' was released on 7 September 2010 and reached #1 in the Italian albums chart. The album has so far spawned three singles named "Vip In Trip", "Tranne Te" ("Except for You") (both peaking at #2 in the Italian singles chart), "Qualcuno Normale" ("Somebody Normal") featuring the artist Marracash and "Le Donne" ("The Women"). Fibra said that "Le Donne" music was a response to the bales of misogyny that he had to face for years, mainly because of "Mrs. Simpatia".

    On 1 March 2011, Fibra released the "Tranne Te: Rap Futuristico EP", a extended-play which had remixes of Tranne Te with other artists, like Redman, the French rapper Soprano and old friends from Fibra like Marracash and Dargen D'Amico. At the same month, Fibra released a online mixtape named "Venerdì 17" ("Friday 17"), available to download for free on his website. It contains many freestyles and remixes of some of his earlier work including many remixes of some of his more recent work.

    The year of 2011 was also remarkable for Fibra, which he has won four consecutives awards: the platinum disc for "Controcultura", a multiplatinum disc for "Tranne Te", a "Superman" award from the TRL Awards 2011 and a "Wind Music" award.

    In the Summer of 2011 Fibra launched his own record label named "Tempi Duri Records" (Hard Times Records). Young rappers Entics and Clementino have been signed to the label.

    ''Rapstar''-''Non é gratis'' (2012) [link]

    Fabri Fibra met Clementino in the summer of 2011 at his ''Controcultura Tour'' in Naples, and immediately they began to record together. The initial idea, as stated by Clementino in an interview, was simply to make a mixtape. Subsequently, however, both changed their minds and decided to produce a whole album under the name of Rapstar. On January 9, 2012 out double single: Ci rimani male/Chimica Brother, single opening of Non é gratis, debut album of the band, released on January 31, 2012.

    Discography [link]

    With Uomoni di Mare[link]

  • 1996 - Del mare quest'el gruv
  • 1999 - Sindrome di fine millenio
  • Solo career[link]

  • 2002 - ''Turbe giovanili''
  • 2004 - ''Mr. Simpatia''
  • 2005 - ''Mr. Simpatia (Live)''
  • 2005 - ''Mr. Simpatia (Gold Edition)''
  • 2006 - ''Tradimento ''
  • 2006 - ''Tradimento + Pensieri scomodi''
  • 2007 - ''Bugiardo''
  • 2009 - ''Chi vuole essere Fabri Fibra?'' (Gold)
  • 2010 - ''Turbe giovanili Remaster''
  • 2010 - ''Quorum''
  • 2010 - ''Controcultura'' (Platinum)
  • 2011 - ''Tranne Te: Rap Futuristico EP (EP)
  • 2011 - ''Venerdì 17'' (Mixtape)
  • With Rapstar[link]

  • 2012 - ''Non é gratis''
  • Singles [link]

    Solo career[link]

  • ''Applausi per Fibra'' (2006)
  • ''Mal Di Stomaco'' (2006)
  • ''Su Le Mani'' (2006)
  • ''Idee Stupide'' (2006)
  • ''Questo è Il Nuovo Singolo (Street Single)'' (2007)
  • ''Bugiardo'' (2007)
  • ''La soluzione'' (2008)
  • ''In Italia'' featuring Gianna Nannini (2008)
  • ''Incomprensioni'' featuring Federico Zampaglione (2009)
  • ''Speak English'' (2009)
  • ''Festa Festa'' featuring Crookers & Dargen D'Amico (2010)
  • ''Vip in Trip'' (2010)
  • ''Tranne Te'' (2010)
  • ''Qualcuno Normale'' featuring Marracash (2011)
  • ''Le Donne'' (2011)
  • With Rapstar[link]

  • ''Ci rimani male/Chimica Brother'' (2012)
  • References [link]

    External links [link]

  • Official website
  • Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:People from Senigallia Category:Italian rappers Category:Electro-hop musicians

    de:Fabri Fibra es:Fabri fibra fr:Fabri Fibra it:Fabri Fibra lmo:Fabri Fibra pl:Fabri Fibra pt:Fabri Fibra tr:Fabri Fibra

    This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.



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