Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information through the processes of correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media, performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete output.

Editing activity is as old as human communication. Its earliest record is visual, dated to 20,000 years ago. However, signaling using sounds has been suggested by anthropologists to significantly predate painting as a form of communication, using agreed-on sound forms. Writing dates to only about 9,000 years ago. All these forms of communication, to be mutually intelligible to the author and the recipient, had to comply to some culturally agreed-upon standard. The need to assure this compliance created experts in the use of these forms of communication with the social authority to correct others, i.e. to edit.

Modern transmission of communications began with the invention of maritime signal flags in the mid-17th century by the Duke of York. A ship's message had to be approved by the Officer of the watch who was in a sense the first modern telecommunications editor.

In a sense, the editing process originates with the idea for the work itself, and continues in the relationship between the author and the editor. Editing is, therefore, also a practice that includes creative skills, human relations, and a precise set of methods.

Print media

There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds junior editorial assistants reporting to the senior-level editorial staff and directors who report to senior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing a product to its final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles run together.

The title of the top editor at many publications may be "Editor in Chief", "Executive Editor", or just "Editor". A frequent and esteemed contributor to a magazine may acquire a title of ''Editor At-Large'' or ''Contributing Editor'' (See below).

In the book publishing industry, editors organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions of a classic author's works ("Scholarly Editor"), and organize and manage contributions to a multiauthor book (symposium editor or volume editor). Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibility of a sponsoring editor. Obtaining copy or recruiting authors such as: an ''Acquisitions Editor'' or a ''commissioning editor'' for a publishing house.

Midlevel newspaper editors often manage or help manage sections, such as business, sports and features. In U.S. newspapers, the level below the top editor is usually the managing editor.

Improving an author's writing so that they indeed say what they mean to say in an effective manner, is "substantive editing". Depending on the writer's competence, this editing can sometimes turn into ghost writing. Many types of editors do substantive editing, either in-house at a publishing company or on an independent basis.

Changes to the publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors.

Copy editors correct spelling, grammar, and align writings to house style. At newspapers and wire services, they write headlines and work on more substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness, and taste. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion. At U.K. and Australian newspapers, the term is "Sub-Editor". They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer—a ''production editor.'' This type of work earns one a title of "Layout Editor", "Design Editor", "News Designer", or—more so in the past—"Makeup Editor".

Light edits, heavy edits, and derivative works

A "light edit", otherwise known as a "minor change", may be regarded as a change that does not substantively change the theme, typeface, tone, structure, characters, or other elements of intellectual property that are held by the author. Such changes would include changes to spelling or grammar that don't deviate from the author's use of, for example, non-standard grammar or speech patterns.

A "heavy edit" may substantively change the tone, structure, characters, or other elements of intellectual property contained in the work.

Executive editor

The top editor sometimes has the title executive editor or editor-in-chief. This person is generally responsible for the content of the publication. An exception is large newspapers, who usually have a separate editor for the editorials and opinion pages to separate news reporting and editorial content.

The executive editor sets the publication standards for performance, and motivates and developes the staff. The executive editor is also responsible for developing and maintaining the publication budget. In concert with the publisher and the operating committee, the Executive Editor is responsible for strategic and operational planning. The Executive Editor is effectively the head of the newspaper and has considerable influence on its content.

Periodicals

Editors at newspapers supervise journalists and improve their work. Newspaper editing encompasses a variety of titles and functions. These include:

Copy editors

Department editors

Managing editors and assistant or deputy managing editors (the managing editor is often second in line after the top editor)

News editors, who oversee the news desks

Photo or picture editors

Section editors and their assistants, such as for business, features, and sports

Editorial Page Editor who oversees the coverage on the editorial page. This includes chairing the Editorial Board and assigning editorial writing responsibilities. The editorial page editor may also oversee the op-ed page or those duties are assigned to a separate op-ed editor.

Top editors, who may be called ''editor in chief'', ''executive editor,'' or sometimes just ''editor''

Readers' editors, sometimes known as the ombudsman, who arbitrate complaints

Wire editors, who choose and edit articles from various international wire services, and are usually part of the copy desk

Administrative editors (who actually don't edit but perform duties such as recruiting and directing training)

The term ''city editor'' is used differently in North America and South America, where it refers to the editor responsible for the news coverage of a newspaper's local circulation area (also sometimes called ''metro editor''), than in the United Kingdom, where it refers to the editor responsible for coverage of business in the City of London and, by extension, coverage of business and finance in general.

Scholarly books and journals

Editors of scholarly books and journals are of three types, each with particular responsibilities: the ''acquisitions editor'' (or ''commissioning editor'' in Britain), who contracts with the author to produce the copy, the ''project editor'' or ''production editor,'' who sees the copy through its stages from manuscript through bound book and usually assumes most of the budget and schedule responsibilities, and the ''copy editor'' or ''manuscript editor,'' who performs the tasks of readying the copy for conversion into printed form.

The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying the standards of the publisher to the copy. Most scholarly publishers have a preferred style guide, usually a combination of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary and: (a) either ''the Chicago Manual of Style'', the ''MLA Style Manual'', or the ''APA Publication Manual'' in the US; or (b) the New Hart's Rules in the UK. The New Hart's Rules are based on "Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers", published by the University Press, Oxford (1893). Since scholars often have strong preferences, very often a publisher will adopt different styles for different fields. For instance, psychologists prefer the APA style, while linguists might prefer the MLA style. These guidelines offer sound advice on making cited sources complete and correct and making the presentation scholarly.

Technical editing

Technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, and identifying errors (grammar, punctuation and use of words) related to the use of language in general or adherence to a specific style guide.

Technical editing may include any of the following: correction of grammatical mistakes, misspellings, mistyping, incorrect punctuation, inconsistencies in usages, poorly structured sentences, wrong scientific terms, wrong units and dimensions, inconsistency in significant figures, technical ambivalence, technical disambiguation, correction of statements conflicting with general scientific knowledge, correction of synopsis, content, index, headings and subheadings, correcting data and chart presentation in a research paper or report, correcting errors in citations.

This activity ensures that documentation is of good quality. In large companies, experienced writers are dedicated to the technical editing function. In organizations that cannot afford dedicated editors, experienced writers typically peer-edit text produced by their relatively less experienced colleagues.

It helps if the technical editor is familiar with the subject being edited, but that is not always essential. The "technical" knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on a particular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related to that product or technology. In the long run, however, the skills that really matter are attention to detail, the ability to sustain focus while working through lengthy pieces of text on complex topics, tact in dealing with writers, and excellent communication skills.

Revising is also another form of editing. It is looking for awkward sentences, run-on sentences, and in general parts of the paper that don't make sense to the editor. Usually the writer revises his/her copy before turning it in.

A number of standards and tools (such as XML editors) have been elaborated for the editing of technical documents such as

Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA)

DocBook

Business editing

Businesses and nonprofit organizations often use editors, who may be employees of a company, individual contractors working on site at a client's office or independently off-site, or employees or partners in a specialized copywriting agency. Working with writers inside or outside the business, such editors provide services such as proofreading, copy editing, line editing, developmental editing, editing for search engine optimization (SEO), etc.

References

See also

Editor (disambiguation)

Audio editing

Film editing

Society for Editors and Proofreaders (in the UK)

Video editing

External links

American Copy Editors Society

Blake Morrison "Black day for the blue pencil" ''The Guardian'', 6 August 2005

Editorial Freelancers Association (USA)

Society for Editors and Proofreaders (UK)

Technical Editing special interest group (SIG) of the Society for Technical Communication (STC)

Writer Beware of Independent Editors and Manuscript Assessment Services Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, 22 July 2010

Category:Journalism occupations Category:Media occupations

bo:སྒྲིག་མཁན། cs:Editace cy:Golygu da:Redaktion de:Redaktion es:Edición (proceso) fa:ویرایش ko:편집 hi:सम्पादन ia:Redaction kk:Редакциялау lt:Redagavimas ml:എഡിറ്റിങ്ങ് ms:Menyunting mn:Редакторлах зүй nl:Redactie ja:編集 no:Redaksjon pl:Redakcja pt:Edição jornalística ru:Редактирование sl:Filmski in televizijski montažer fi:Redaktio sv:Redaktion tl:Pamamatnugot th:บรรณาธิการ ur:Editing yi:רעדאקטירונג zh:编辑

Coordinates	°′″N°′″N
name	Charlie Brooker
birth name	Charlton Brooker
birth date	March 03, 1971
birth place	Reading, Berkshire, England
nationality	British
occupation	Broadcaster, writer, columnist, comedian, critic
spouse	Konnie Huq (2010–present)
years active	1998–present
alma mater	Polytechnic of Central London }}

Charlton "Charlie" Brooker (born March 03, 1971) is a British journalist, screenwriter and broadcaster. His style of humour is savage and profane, with surreal elements and a consistent satirical pessimism. He presents TV shows ''Screenwipe'', ''Gameswipe'' and ''Newswipe'', wrote a review column for ''The Guardian'' newspaper and currently writes a comment piece each Monday for The Guardian supplement G2, and is one of four creative directors of comedy production company Zeppotron. His five-part horror drama ''Dead Set'' for ''E4'' earned him a nomination for a BAFTA. Brooker won Columnist of the Year at the 2009 British Press Awards for his column, and the Best Newcomer at the British Comedy Awards 2009. He is co-presenter of ''10 O'Clock Live'' on Channel 4. He has also presented the documentary series ''How TV Ruined Your Life'' on BBC Two and created the Channel 4 satirical drama trilogy ''Black Mirror'' (writing and co-writing Episodes 1 and 2 respectively).

Early life and education

Brooker was born in Reading, Berkshire. He first worked as a writer and cartoonist for ''Oink!'', a comic produced in the late-1980s.

After attending Wallingford School, Brooker attended the Polytechnic of Central London (which became the University of Westminster during his time there) – studying for a BA in Media Studies. He did not graduate because his dissertation was written on video games, which was not an acceptable topic.

Career

''PC Zone''

Brooker wrote for ''PC Zone'' magazine in the mid-1990s. Aside from games reviews, his output included the comic strip "Cybertwats" and a column titled "Sick Notes", where Brooker would insult anyone who wrote in to the magazine and offered a £50 prize to the "best" letter.

In February 1998, one of Brooker's one-shot cartoons caused the magazine to be pulled from the shelves of many British newsagents. The cartoon was titled "Helmut Werstler's Cruelty Zoo" and professed to be an advert for a theme park created by a Teutonic psychologist for children to take out their violent impulses on animals rather than humans. It was accompanied by photoshopped pictures of children smashing the skulls of monkeys with hammers, jumping on a badger with a pitchfork, and chainsawing an orang-utan, among other things. The original joke was supposed to be at the expense of the ''Tomb Raider'' games, known at the time for the number of animals killed, but the original title, "Lara Croft's Cruelty Zoo", was changed for legal reasons.

In October 2008, Brooker and several other ex-writers were invited back to review a game for the 200th issue. Brooker reviewed Euro Truck Simulator.

SuperKaylo

A number of Brooker's artworks were available to the public on his website. This body of work is drawn both from the commissions of his various patrons, and began as a paper comic that was sold to customers at Brooker's former workplace CeX. In addition to its counter presence, Brooker sold issues to mail order customers when they called up to place orders for games.

One aspect of the SuperKaylo site was a series of recorded phone conversations, that had originally started from a commissioned featured for ''PC Zone'' on technical support phonelines. Brooker took things further than this half serious investigation, when in 1999 he called up the then editor of ''Edge'' magazine, Jason Brookes. Pretending to be an angry father, he phoned up enraged by an advert that had appeared in a previous issue for CeX, one that Brooker himself had written and drawn.

TVGoHome

From 1999 to 2003 he wrote the satirical ''TVGoHome'' website, a regular series of mock TV schedules published in a format similar to that of the ''Radio Times'', consisting of a combination of savage satire and surreal humour and featured in technology newsletter Need To Know. A print adaptation of the site was published by Fourth Estate in 2001. A TV sketch show based on the site was broadcast on UK digital station E4 the same year.

Newspaper columns

Brooker began writing a TV review column titled "Screen Burn" for ''The Guardian'' newspaper's Saturday entertainment supplement ''The Guide'' in 2000, a role he continued through to October 2010.

From the autumn of 2005, he wrote a regular series of columns in ''The Guardian'' supplement "G2" on Fridays called "Supposing", in which he free-associated on a set of vague what-if themes. Since late October 2006 this column has been expanded into a full-page section on Mondays, including samples from TVGoHome and Ignopedia, an occasional series of pseudo-articles on topics mostly suggested by readers. The key theme behind Ignopedia was that, while Wikipedia is written and edited by thousands of users, Ignopedia would be written by a single sub-par person with little or no awareness of the facts.

On 24 October 2004, he wrote a column on George W. Bush and the forthcoming 2004 US Presidential Election which concluded:

''The Guardian'' withdrew the article from its website and published and endorsed an apology by Brooker. He has since commented about the remark in the column stating: }}

Brooker left the "Screen Burn" column in 2010. In the final column, he noted how increasingly difficult he found it to reconcile his role in mainstream media and TV production with his writing as a scabrous critic or to objectively criticise those he increasingly works and socialises with. Longtime covering contributor Grace Dent took over the column. He continues to contribute other articles to The Guardian on a regular basis.

Television

From 1999 to 2000, Brooker played hooded expert 'the Pundit' in short-lived show Games Republic hosted by Trevor and Simon on BSkyB.

In 2000, Brooker was one of the writers of the Channel 4 show ''The Eleven O'Clock Show'' and a co-host (with Gia Milinovich) on BBC Knowledge's ''The Kit'', a low-budget programme dedicated to gadgets and technology (1999–2000). In 2001, he was one of several writers on Channel 4's controversial ''Brass Eye'' special on the subject of paedophilia.

In 2003, Brooker wrote an episode entitled "How to Watch Television" for Channel 4's ''The Art Show''. The episode was presented in the style of a public information film and was partly animated, and gave advice on how to view television.

Together with ''Brass Eye'''s Chris Morris, Brooker co-wrote the sitcom ''Nathan Barley'', based on a character from one of TVGoHome's fictional programmes. The show was broadcast in 2005 and focused on the lives of a group of London media 'trendies'. The same year, he was also on the writing team of the Channel 4 sketch show ''Spoons'', produced by Zeppotron.

In 2006, Brooker began writing and presenting his signature television series ''Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe'' on BBC Four, a TV review programme in a similar style to his ''Screen Burn'' columns in ''The Guardian''. After an initial pilot series of three editions in April of that year, the programme returned in the autumn for a second run of four episodes plus Christmas and Review of the Year specials in December 2006. A third series followed in February 2007 with a fourth broadcast in September 2007, followed by a Review of the Year in December 2007. The fifth series started in November 2008 and was followed by another Review of the Year special. This series was also the first to be given a primetime repeat on terrestrial television (BBC Two), in January 2009.

''Screenwipe'''s format mostly consists of two elements. The first is the playing of clips from other television shows – both mainstream and obscure – interspersed with shots of Brooker, sitting in his living room, delivering witty critiques on them. The second is where Brooker explains, again with a slice of barbed humour, the way in which a particular area of the television industry operates. Also occasionally present are animations by David Firth and guest contributions, which have included the poetry of Tim Key, and segments in which a guest explains their fascination with a certain television show or genre.

Brooker has regularly experimented with ''Screenwipe'', with some editions focusing on a specific theme. These themes have included American television, TV news, advertising and children's programmes. (The last of these involved a segment where Brooker joined the cast of ''Toonattik'' for one week, playing the character of "Angry News Guy".) Probably the most radical departure from the norm came with an episode focused on scriptwriting, which saw several of British television's most prominent writers interviewed by Brooker.

As per the development of his career with ''The Guardian'', a similar show called Newswipe, focusing on current affairs reportage by the international news media, began on BBC Four on 25 March 2009. A second series began on 19 January 2010. He has also written and presented the one off special Gameswipe which focused on video games and aired on BBC Four on 29 September 2009.

Brooker has appeared on three episodes and one webisode of the popular BBC current affairs news quiz ''Have I Got News for You''. He appeared on an episode of the Channel 4 panel show ''8 Out of 10 Cats'', ''The Big Fat Quiz of the Year 2009'', ''Never Mind the Buzzcocks'' and ''Would I Lie To You?''. In December 2006 reviewed two games written by the presenters of ''VideoGaiden'', on their show. He also made a brief appearance in the third and final instalment of the documentary series ''Games Britannia'', discussing the rise and popularity of computer games.

Brooker wrote for the BBC Three sketch show ''Rush Hour''.

In 2009, Brooker began hosting ''You Have Been Watching'', a panel comedy TV quiz on Channel 4 which discusses television. A second series was broadcast the following year.

On 6 May 2010, Brooker was a co-host of the Channel 4 alternative election night, along with David Mitchell, Jimmy Carr and Lauren Laverne. The telethon was interspersed with contributions from Brooker, some live in the studio but mostly pre-recorded. Notably, an "Election Special" of ''You Have Been Watching'' and two smaller segments in an almost identical style to ''Screenwipe'' (the only noticeable difference being that Brooker was sitting in a different room). Brooker described the experience of live television as being so nerve-wracking he "did a piss" during the broadcast. A spin-off series, ''10 O'Clock Live'', started in January 2011 with the same four hosts.

Brooker's "2010 Wipe", a review of 2010 in the style of Screenwipe/Newswipe/Gameswipe, was broadcast on BBC2 on 27 December 2010, and a new documentary series ''How TV Ruined Your Life'' started on BBC 2 on 25 January 2011. He has co-written a feature-length spoof crime drama along with Daniel Maier for Sky1 called A Touch Of Cloth (due early 2012).

In December 2011, Brooker's new darkly satirical 3-part series Black Mirror aired on Channel 4 to largely positive reviews. As well as creating the show, Brooker wrote the first episode and co-wrote the second with his wife Konnie Huq.

''Charlie Brooker's 2011 Wipe'', an hour-long review show of 2011, was broadcast on BBC Four on 30 December 2011. It was repeated on BBC Two on 3 January 2012.

Dead Set

Brooker wrote ''Dead Set'', a five part zombie horror thriller for E4 set in the Big Brother house. The show was broadcast in October 2008 to coincide with Halloween and was repeated on Channel 4 in January 2009 to coincide with Celebrity Big Brother, and again for Halloween later that year. It was produced by Zeppotron, which also produced Screenwipe.

Brooker told MediaGuardian.co.uk it comprised a "mixture of known and less well known faces" and "Dead Set is very different to anything I've done before, and I hope the end result will surprise, entertain and appall people in equal measure." He added that he has long been a fan of horror films and that his new series "could not be described as a comedy". "I couldn't really describe what it is but it will probably surprise people," Brooker said, adding that he plans to "continue as normal" with his print journalism.

Jaime Winstone starred as a runner on the TV programme, and ''Big Brother'' presenter Davina McCall guest starred as herself. Dead Set received a BAFTA nomination for ''Best Drama Serial''.

Radio

Beginning on 11 May 2010, Brooker presented a 5-part BBC Radio 4 series celebrating failure titled ''So Wrong It's Right'', in which guests compete to pitch the worst possible ideas for new franchises and give the 'most wrong' answer to a question. Also featured are guests' recollections about their own personal life failures and their complaints about life in general in a round called 'This Putrid Modern Hell'. Guests have included David Mitchell, Lee Mack, Josie Long, Frank Skinner and Richard Herring. A second series was confirmed, and it began airing on 10 March 2011. In common with ''Screenwipe's'' use of a Grandaddy track (''A.M. 180'') from the album ''Under The Western Freeway'' as its theme tune, ''So Wrong It's Right'' uses another track from the same album, ''Summer Here Kids''.

Personal life

Brooker became engaged to former ''Blue Peter'' presenter Konnie Huq after dating for 9 months, having met whilst filming an episode of Screenwipe. They married on 26 July 2010 at the Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas. On 15 December 2011, Huq's agent announced a baby boy is expected early in April 2012.

Brooker is an atheist and contributed to The Atheist's Guide to Christmas.

Brooker has become an avid running enthusiast, running for up to an hour every day.

Awards

Brooker won Columnist of the Year at the 2009 British Press Awards for his ''Guardian'' column, where the judges described Brooker as "edgy, entertaining and wonderfully surreal, he has the explosive writing skills that can turn your thinking upside down. A definite destination read and a jewel of a column. Acerbic, nasty, spiteful, yet clearly in love with every subject he writes about at the same time. Must read stuff". He won Best Newcomer at the British Comedy Awards 2009 and the Royal Television Society award 2010 for Best Entertainment Programme (''Newswipe''), beating ''The X Factor'' and ''Britain's Got Talent''. His show (''Newswipe'') won Best Comedy Entertainment Show at the 2011 British Comedy Awards.

Publications

''TV Go Home'', 2001 (rescanned reprint in 2010) (ISBN 1-84115-675-2)

''Unnovations'', 2002 (rescanned reprint in 2011) (ISBN 1-84115-730-9)

''Screen Burn'', 2004 (ISBN 0-571-22755-4)

''Dawn of the Dumb: Dispatches from the Idiotic Frontline'', 2007 (ISBN 9780571238415)

''The Hell of it All'', Charlie Brooker, 2009 (ISBN 9780571229574)

References

External links

Charlie Brooker's Official Biography Page on zeppotron.com

Charlie Brooker's Agents and Production Company – zeppotron.com

TV Go Home

Charlie Brooker's Guardian columns

Shuffle's Cue & Ehh? with Charlie Brooker

Charlie Brooker's made-up film awards

Charlie Brooker Interview about You Have Been Watching

Charlie Brooker's page, Conville and Walsh literary agents

Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century writers Category:21st-century writers Category:Alumni of the University of Westminster Category:British television critics Category:English atheists Category:English comedians Category:English comedy writers Category:English satirists Category:English television presenters Category:English television producers Category:English television writers Category:People from Reading, Berkshire Category:The Guardian journalists

Coordinates	°′″N°′″N
name	Lasse Gjertsen
birth date	July 19, 1984
birth place	Norway
known for	"Hyperactive" and "Amateur" videos on YouTube
occupation	animator, musician, and videographer }}

Lasse Gjertsen (born 19 July 1984) is a Norwegian animator, musician, and videographer known on YouTube as ''lassegg''. He is best known for his short pieces "Hyperactive" and "Amateur", which string together short clips of video to create a unique form of video akin to stop-motion animation. His "Hyperactive" video has over 7 million views and his "Amateur" video has over 13 million views.

Biography

Gjertsen was born in Larvik, Norway. He studied animation at Kent Institute of Art & Design in England, and at Volda University College in Norway. His time at Kent Institute ended with his teachers failing to appreciate his work, specifically ''Hyperactive''.

YouTube

Lasse originally submitted ''Hyperactive'' to YouTube after seeing a copy uploaded by another user with poor sound quality. Over the next six months Lasse uploaded 16 more videos, many created during his animation course. As of May 12, 2007 he has the 31st most subscribed channel, and four videos have been featured on the YouTube front page, ''Hyperactive'', ''What The Fuck?'', ''Amateur'', and ''Sogno ad Occhi Aperti''. While ''Hyperactive'' has been the most popular, ''Amateur'' was featured in an article in the online edition of the ''Wall Street Journal''.

Another video by Gjertsen has also been featured on YouTube; "Hva faen, Speil?" in which he is looking into a mirror while some of the effects of LSD become apparent through very clever video and audio editing.

Lasse Gjertsen's video ''Hyperactive'' was nominated in the category Most Creative video in YouTube's 2006 Video Awards. The video achieved third place.

Hyperactive was copied by Cartoon Network in an advert for the show ''Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends''. Lasse initially considered legal action but after talking to a lawyer decided it would be too arduous.

It was also spoofed in an advertisement for the 3rd season of the FX TV show ''It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia''. Whether this was done with or without Gjertsen's permission is unclear.

Lasse Gjertsen is also the creator of the soundtrack of the Chaplin Snakker videos on YouTube. Chaplin Snakker is one of his electronic songs, in which the freedom- and awe-inspiring speech of Charlie Chaplin from his movie ''The Great Dictator'' (1940) is elevated by the use of music.

Beyond YouTube

The YouTube success has resulted in offers from international companies like Chevrolet and MTV. However, Gjertsen publicly denounces the concept of advertising, considering it below prostitution, and has refused all such offers.

In addition to his video work, Lasse has a self-produced album of electronica music.

In 2007 Lasse worked on a two-part music video collaboration, named ''Sogno ad Occhi Aperti'', with the Italian Cellist Giovanni Sollima. This was presented at the 8th International Fringe Film Festival in Marzamemi, Italy. In the same year he directed the music video for the Swedish rapper Timbuktu's song "Get Fizzy".

Software

Lasse has stated he uses the following software in the creation of his videos:

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Premiere Pro

Adobe After Effects

Debugmode WinMorph

FL Studio

Music

Lasse uses FL Studio to create original compositions in his videos. Although he claims not to have much skill with instruments, he has sampled himself using Drums, Piano, Guitar, Harmonica, and singing.

The only videos without original compositions are the two music videos, ''Home Sweet Home'' by Norwegian Rapper Sirius, and ''Sogno ad Occhi Aperti'' by Italian Cellist Giovanni Sollima.

YouTube video chronology

2006

! Title	! Release Date	! Length	! Notes
				(the same video uploaded by user champaR has 14,366,600 views )

2007

! Title	! Release Date	! Length	! Notes

2008

! Title	! Release Date	! Length	! Notes
				Lasse had his profile temporarily deleted after uploading the video, and was asked to add a disclaimer when his account was re-instated. It was thought to be real, but it was heavily edited yet still realistic.

2009

! Title	! Release Date	! Length	! Notes

2010

! Title	! Release Date	! Length	! Notes

See also

YouTube celebrities

References

External links

Lasse Gjertsen on YouTube

Lasse Gjertsen on Myspace

Lasse Gjertsen Exclusive content created for E4

Category:Norwegian film directors Category:Norwegian animators Category:Norwegian comedians Category:Internet memes Category:1984 births Category:Living people

Category:Alumni of the University for the Creative Arts

de:Lasse Gjertsen fr:Lasse Gjertsen it:Lasse Gjertsen ja:ラッセ・イェルツェン no:Lasse Gjertsen pl:Lasse Gjertsen fi:Lasse Gjertsen sv:Lasse Gjertsen

Coordinates	°′″N°′″N
birth date	July 22, 1947
birth name	Albert Lawrence Einstein
birth place	Beverly Hills, California, USA
years active	1968–present
occupation	Actor, Comedian, Director, Writer
spouse	Kimberly Shlain(1997–present) }}

Albert Lawrence Brooks (born Albert Lawrence Einstein; July 22, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian and director. He received an Academy Award nomination in 1987 for his role in ''Broadcast News''. His voice acting credits include Marlin the clownfish in ''Finding Nemo,'' recurring guest voices for the animated television series ''The Simpsons,'' and Russ Cargill in ''The Simpsons Movie''.

Early life

Brooks was born in Beverly Hills, California, the son of Thelma Leeds (née Goodman), a singer and actress, and Harry Einstein, aka Harry Parkyakarkas, a radio comedian who performed on Eddie Cantor's radio program and was known as Parkyakarkus. His brothers are comedic actor Bob Einstein, better known by his stage name "Super Dave Osborne," and Cliff Einstein, a partner and longtime chief creative officer at Los Angeles advertising agency Dailey & Associates. His half-brother was Charles Einstein (1926–2007), a writer for such television programs as ''Playhouse 90'' and ''Lou Grant''. Brooks is Jewish. He grew up among show business royalty in southern California, attending Beverly Hills High School with the likes of Richard Dreyfuss and Rob Reiner. Albert has no family relation to Mel Brooks or James L. Brooks.

Career

Early career

Brooks attended Carnegie Mellon in Pittsburgh, but dropped out after one year to focus on his comedy career. He changed his surname from ''Einstein'' (to avoid confusion with the famous physicist) and began a comedy career that quickly made him a regular on variety and talk shows during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Brooks led a new generation of self-reflective baby-boomer comics appearing on NBC's ''The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson''. His onstage persona, that of an egotistical, narcissistic, nervous comic, an ironic showbiz insider who punctured himself before an audience by disassembling his mastery of comedic stagecraft, influenced other '70s post-modern comedians, including Steve Martin, Martin Mull and Andy Kaufman.

After two successful comedy albums, ''Comedy Minus One'' (1973) and the Grammy Award-nominated ''A Star Is Bought'' (1975), Brooks left the stand-up circuit to try his hand as a filmmaker; his first film, ''The Famous Comedians School'', was a satiric short that appeared on PBS and was an early example of the mockumentary sub-genre.

In 1975, he directed six short films for the first season of NBC's ''Saturday Night Live'':

October 11, 1975 episode (host: George Carlin) – "The Impossible Truth"

October 18, 1975 episode (host: Paul Simon) – failed ''Candid Camera'' stunts and home movies

October 25, 1975 episode (host: Rob Reiner – heart surgery

November 8, 1975 episode (host: Candice Bergen) – upcoming season

December 13, 1975 episode (host: Richard Pryor) – sick

January 9, 1976 episode (host: Elliott Gould) - audience test screening

In 1976 he appeared in his first mainstream film role, in Martin Scorsese's landmark ''Taxi Driver''; Scorsese allowed Brooks to improvise much of his dialogue. The role reflected Brooks's decision to move to Los Angeles to enter the film business. In an interview, Brooks mentioned a conversation he'd had with ''Taxi Driver'' screenwriter Paul Schrader, in which Schrader said that Brooks's character was the only one in the movie that he could not "understand" – a remark that Brooks found amusing, as the movie's antihero was a psychotic loner.

Brooks directed his first feature film, ''Real Life'', in 1979. The film, in which Brooks obnoxiously films a typical suburban family in an effort to win both an Oscar and a Nobel Prize, was a sendup of PBS's ''An American Family'' documentary. It has also been viewed as foretelling the future emergence of reality television. Brooks also made a cameo appearance in the film ''Private Benjamin'' (1980), starring Goldie Hawn.

1980s–1990s

Through the 1980s and 1990s, Brooks co-wrote (with longtime collaborator Monica Johnson), directed and starred in a series of well-received comedies, playing variants on his standard neurotic and self-obsessed character. These include 1981's ''Modern Romance'', where Brooks played a film editor desperate to win back his ex-girlfriend (Kathryn Harrold). The film received a limited release and ultimately grossed under $3 million domestically, but was well received by critics, with one reviewer commenting that the film was "not Brooks at his best, but still amusing". His best-received film, ''Lost in America'' (1985), featured Brooks and Julie Hagerty as a couple who leave their yuppie lifestyle and drop out of society to live in a motor home as they have always dreamed of doing. They meet comic disappointment.

Brooks's ''Defending Your Life'' (1991) placed his lead character in the afterlife, put on trial to justify his human fears and thus determine his cosmic fate. Critics responded to the offbeat premise and the surprising chemistry between Brooks and Meryl Streep as his post-death love interest. His later efforts did not find large audiences, but still retained Brooks's touch as a filmmaker. He garnered positive reviews for ''Mother'' (1996), which starred Brooks as a middle-aged writer moving back home to resolve tensions between himself and his mother (Debbie Reynolds). 1999's ''The Muse'' featured Brooks as a down-and-out Hollywood screenwriter using the services of an authentic muse (Sharon Stone) for inspiration.

Brooks also acted in other writers' and directors' films during the 1980s and 1990s. He had a cameo in the opening scene of ''Twilight Zone: The Movie'', playing a driver whose passenger (Dan Aykroyd) has a shocking secret. In James L. Brooks's hit ''Broadcast News'' (1987), Albert Brooks was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor as an insecure, supremely ethical network TV reporter, who offers the rhetorical question, "Wouldn't this be a great world if insecurity and desperation made us more attractive?" He also won positive notices for his role in 1998's ''Out of Sight'', playing an untrustworthy banker and ex-convict.

2000s

Brooks received positive reviews for his portrayal of a dying retail store owner who befriends disillusioned teen Leelee Sobieski in ''My First Mister'' (2001). Brooks has appeared as a guest voice on ''The Simpsons'' five times during its run (always under the name ''A. Brooks''), and is described as the best guest star in the show's history by IGN, particularly for his role as supervillain Hank Scorpio in the episode "You Only Move Twice". Brooks continued his voiceover work in Disney and Pixar's ''Finding Nemo'' (2003), as the voice of "Marlin", one of the film's protagonists; ''Nemo'' is Brooks's largest grossing film to date.

In 2005, his film ''Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World'' was dropped by Sony Pictures due to their desire to change the title. Warner Independent Pictures purchased the film and gave it a limited release in January 2006; the film received mixed reviews and a low box office gross. The movie goes back to the days of Brooks's ''Real Life'', as Brooks once again plays himself, a filmmaker commissioned by the U.S. government to see what makes the Muslim people laugh, thus sending him on a tour of India and Pakistan.

In 2006 he appeared in the documentary film ''Wanderlust'' as David Howard from "Lost in America". The documentary included many other well known people.

In 2007, he continued his long term collaboration with ''The Simpsons'' by voicing Russ Cargill, the main antagonist of ''The Simpsons Movie''.

He has played Lenny Botwin, Nancy Botwin's estranged father-in-law, on Showtime's television series ''Weeds''. St. Martin's Press published his first novel, ''2030: The Real Story of What Happens to America'', on May 10, 2011. In 2011 Brooks will be costarring in the motion picture ''Drive'' alongside Ryan Gosling and Carey Mulligan.

Personal life

Brooks married Kimberly Shlain, an artist he met through a mutual friend. The couple have two children, Jacob Eli and Claire Elizabeth, and reside in New York City.

Filmography

Films

! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
1976	''Taxi Driver''	Tom
1979		Albert Brooks	Also Writer/Director
1980	''Private Benjamin''	Yale Goodman
1981	''Modern Romance''	Robert Cole	Also Writer/Director
	''Twilight Zone: The Movie''	Car Driver	Segment: ''Prologue''
''Terms of Endearment''	Voice of Rudyard Greenway	Credited as "A. Brooks"
1984		Norman Robbins
1985	''Lost in America''	David Howard	Also Writer/Director
1987		Aaron Altman	Nominated – Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
1991	''Defending Your Life''	Daniel Miller	Also Writer/Director
	''I'll Do Anything''	Burke Adler
	Al Percolo	Also Writer
1996		John Henderson	Also Writer/Director
	''Critical Care''	Dr. Butz
''Bad Day on the Block''	Stephen Wilder
		Jacob the Tiger	Voice Only
''Out of Sight''	Richard Ripley
1999		Steven Phillips	Also Writer/Director
2001	''My First Mister''	Randall 'R' Harris
		Jerry Peyser
''Finding Nemo''	Marlin	Voice Only
2006	''Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World''	Himself	Also Writer/Director
2007	''The Simpsons Movie''	Russ Cargill	Voice OnlyCredited as "A. Brooks"
2011		Bernie Rose

Television

! Year	! Series	! Role	! Notes
1969		Kip ChogiAdditional voices
1970		Rudy	Episode 1.8: "Oscar, the Model" and Episode 1.11: "Felix Is Missing"
1971	''Love, American Style''	Christopher Leacock	Episode 2.16: "Love and Operation Model/Love and the Sack"
1972	''The New Dick Van Dyke Show''	Dr. Norman	Episode 2.2: "The Needle"
1975–1976	''Saturday Night Live''	Additional characters	Writer and director of several segments
1976	''The Famous Comedians School''	N/A	TV film; writer, editor and director
1990–2011	''The Simpsons''	Various characters	Appeared in six episodesCredited as "A. Brooks"
2008		Lenny Botwin	Appeared in six episodes

References

External links

Interview: Albert Brooks: Comedy And Dystopia – On Point.

Category:1947 births Category:American film actors Category:American voice actors Category:American screenwriters Category:American stand-up comedians Category:English-language film directors Category:American Jews Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish comedians Category:Jewish American writers Category:Living people Category:Actors from Los Angeles, California Category:People from Beverly Hills, California Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni

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