16 (sixteen) is the natural number following 15 and preceding 17. 16 is a composite number, and a square number, being 4² = 4 × 4. It is the smallest number with exactly five divisors, its proper divisors being , , and .

In speech, the numbers 16 and 60 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 16 vs 60 . However, in dates such as 1666 or when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as ''15, 16, 17,'' the stress shifts to the first syllable: 16 .

Sixteen is the fourth power of two. For this reason, 16 was used in weighing light objects in several cultures. The British have 16 ounces in one pound; the Chinese used to have 16 ''liangs'' in one ''jin''. In old days, weighing was done with a beam balance to make equal splits. It would be easier to split a heap of grains into sixteen equal parts through successive divisions than to split into ten parts. Chinese Taoists did finger computation on the trigrams and hexagrams by counting the finger tips and joints of the fingers with the tip of the thumb. Each hand can count up to 16 in such manner. The Chinese abacus uses two upper beads to represent the 5s and 5 lower beads to represent the 1s, the 7 beads can represent from a hexadecimal digit from 0 to 15 in each column.

In mathematics

Sixteen is the first number to be the aliquot sum of a lesser number; 12, it is also the aliquot sum of the greater number; the discrete semiprime, 26. It is the fourth power of two.

Sixteen is the only integer that equals ''m''^''n'' and ''n''^''m'', for some unequal integers ''m'' and ''n'' (''m'' = 4, ''n'' = 2, or vice versa). It has this property because 2² = 2 × 2. It is also equal to ³2 (see tetration).

15 and 16 form a Ruth–Aaron pair under the second definition in which repeated prime factors are counted as often as they occur.

Since it is possible to find sequences of 16 consecutive integers such that each inner member shares a factor with either the first or the last member, 16 is an Erdős–Woods number. The smallest such range of 16 consecutive integers is from 2184 to 2200.

In bases 20, 24 and 30, sixteen is a 1-automorphic number (displayed as the numeral 'G').

16 is a centered pentagonal number.

16 is the base of the hexadecimal number system, which is used extensively in computer science.

16 appears in the Padovan sequence, preceded by the terms 7, 9, 12 (it is the sum of the first two of these).

In science

Age 16

In sports

Association football

Auto racing

College athletics

Multiple sports

In addition, both the NBA and NHL both operate four best-four-out-of-seven rounds during the playoffs; thus, 16 is the minimum number of games that a team could possibly play in the playoff series (neither league has ever had a team play that few games, though).

In other fields

References

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Bernard Lee "Pretty" Purdie (born June 11, 1939) is an American session drummer, and is considered an influential and innovative exponent of funk. He is known for his strict musical time keeping and "The Purdie Shuffle".

Purdie recorded ''Soul Drums'' (1968) as a band leader and although he went on to record ''Alexander's Ragtime Band'', the album remained unreleased until ''Soul Drums'' was reissued on CD in 2009 with the ''Alexander's Ragtime Band'' sessions. Other solo albums include ''Purdie Good'' (1971),''Soul Is...Pretty Purdie'' (1972) and the soundtrack for the Blaxploitation film ''Lialeh'' (1973).

Purdie was credited on the sound track album for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978) and more recently he was the drummer for the 2009 Broadway revival of Hair and appeared on the associated Broadway cast recording. In 2010, he had his portrait painted by Jane Moorhouse, an artist based in London.

Biography

In 1961 he moved from his home town of Elkton, Maryland, to New York. There he played sessions with Mickey and Sylvia and regularly visited the Turf Club on 50th and Broadway, where musicians, agents, and promoters met and touted for business. It was during this period that he played for the saxophonist Buddy Lucas, who nicknamed him 'Mississippi Bigfoot'. Eventually Barney Richmond contracted him to play session work. In the same year original Beatles drummer Pete Best and guitarist Tony Sheridan recorded tracks in Hamburg with the Beatles. Later Bernard Purdie added drum overdubs to tracks from these sessions, including "Ain't She Sweet", "Take Out Some Insurance on Me Baby" and "Sweet Georgia Brown". The main reason for this was to give them a punchier sound for the US market. These tracks were eventually released on January 31, 1964 by Polydor. Ringo Starr's physical approach to drumming was probably influenced by Purdie's Motown style.

Purdie was contracted by arranger Sammy Lowe to play a session with James Brown in 1965 and recording session records also show that Purdie played on "Ain't That A Groove" at the same session. This was one of several sessions he played with Brown and the track "Kansas City" from Brown's album ''Cold Sweat'' (1967), displays one of the most sophisticated and driving shuffles recorded for Brown's catalogue. Purdie is also credited on the albums ''Say It Loud-I'm Black and I'm Proud'' (1969) and ''Get on the Good Foot'' (1972) on which "Ain't That A Groove" appeared.

Purdie started working with Aretha Franklin as musical director in 1970 and held that position for five years, as well as drumming for Franklin's opening act, King Curtis and The King Pins. In 1970 he performed with both bands at the Fillmore West; the resulting live recordings were released as ''Aretha Live at the Fillmore West'' (1971) and King Curtis's ''Live at Fillmore West'' (1971). His best known track with Franklin was "Rock Steady", on which he played what he described as "a funky and low down beat". Of his time with Franklin he once commented that "backing her was like floating in seventh heaven".

Encounter Records

Drumming style

Purdie is known as a groove drummer with immaculate timing and makes use of precision half note, backbeats, and grooves. Purdie's signature sixteenth note hi-hat lick ''pish-ship, pish-ship, pish-ship'' is distinct and hard to copy and he is known for his versatility. He often employs a straight eight groove sometimes fusing several influences such as swing, blues and funk. He created now well-known drum pattern such as the ''Purdie shuffle'', ''Half-Time Purdie Shuffle'', also the ''Bernard Purdie half-time feel shuffle'' that is a blues shuffle variation with the addition of syncopated ghost notes on the snare drum. Variations on this shuffle can be heard on songs such as Led Zeppelin's "Fool in the Rain", Death Cab For Cutie's "Grapevine Fires", and Toto's "Rosanna" (Rosanna shuffle). Purdie's shuffle can be heard on Steely Dan's "Babylon Sisters" and "Home At Last".

Discography

Albums

Contributions

Notes

References

External links

Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:People from Elkton, Maryland Category:American jazz drummers Category:American funk musicians Category:American rock musicians Category:American soul musicians Category:Jazz-blues musicians Category:Soul-jazz musicians Category:American session musicians Category:Steely Dan members Category:James Brown Orchestra members Category:Flying Dutchman Records artists

Early life and career

In 1998, Banhart began studying at the San Francisco Art Institute on a scholarship while living in The Castro, San Francisco's gay neighborhood. He began to busk instead of attending classes and played his first show in a church at a gay wedding, performing Elvis Presley's "Love Me Tender" and the classic hymn "How Great Thou Art." Banhart dropped out of art school in 2000 and left San Francisco after the dot-com bust worsened the city's economy. He moved to Paris, France, over the summer and opened shows for indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Banhart returned to the United States in the fall of 2000 and played music in San Francisco and Los Angeles, until he was discovered by Michael Gira, owner of Young God Records, after Siobhan Duffy, Gira's wife, bought a copy of Banhart's demo CD ''The Charles C. Leary'' and gave it to Gira.

Banhart and Gira compiled an album from Banhart's recordings, and in 2002, ''Oh Me Oh My'', which was made up of short fragments, was published by Young God Records and received favorable reviews. He recorded two other albums and an EP for the label: ''Rejoicing in the Hands'', ''Niño Rojo'', and ''The Black Babies''; the releases had a simple acoustic sound. Banhart changed to XL Recordings in 2005 and released ''Cripple Crow'', which was recorded in Bearsville Studios, New York and had a more elaborate sound. He recorded his second album for XL Records, ''Smokey Rolls Down Thunder Canyon'', at his home studio in Topanga, California. The album charted on the Billboard 200 at number 115. The album's song "Lover" was featured in the soundtrack of the movie ''Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist'', which included a cameo appearance by Banhart. Banhart performs with the band Vetiver and has performed in Carnegie Hall and Hollywood Bowl opening for Gilberto Gil, as well as at Bonnaroo and Coachella music festivals. He founded a record label, Gnomonsong, with Andy Cabic of Vetiver, in 2005. In 2007, he signed with Neil Young's manager Elliot Roberts, who also contributed vocals to ''Smokey Rolls Down Thunder Canyon''. In 2008, Banhart released the album ''Surfing'' in a collaborative project with multi-instrumentalist Greg Rogove named Megapuss. In 2009, he signed to Warner/Reprise and plans to release a new album, ''What Will We Be''. He has, at the band's request, produced a remix of Oasis' "(Get Off Your) High Horse Lady". Along with "Neighbors", Devendra remixed the Phoenix song "Rome" from their 2009 album Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix.

On September 4, 2009, Beck announced his second Record Club covers album, ''Songs of Leonard Cohen''. Banhart will contribute, alongside MGMT, Andrew Stockdale of Wolfmother and Binki Shapiro of Little Joy.

He is a collector of music artifacts. Banhart wrote the foreword for and appears in his friend Lauren Dukoff's book ''Family: Photographs by Lauren Dukoff''. He has also written the introduction to a selection of poems by Kenneth Patchen.

On October 27, 2009, Banhart released ''What Will We Be'', his first record on Warner/Reprise. Banhart and Jon Beasley, who were credited as art directors for the album's artwork and packaging, were nominated for a Grammy in 2011 for Best Recording Package.

The film ''Life During Wartime'', directed by Todd Solondz, features a musical collaboration between Banhart and Beck. The song plays over the film's end credits. Banhart sings lead vocals while Beck adds backing vocals and also recorded the track. The lyrics were written by Solondz and the music by composer Marc Shaiman.

Banhart is an avid skateboarder, and in March 2010 broke a bone in his right leg while skating, only hours before a concert in Phoenix, resulting in the cancelation of future shows in Utah and Colorado.

In 2011, he collaborated with Marisa Monte and Rodrigo Amarante on a version of the song "Nú Com a Minha Música" for the Red Hot Organization's most recent charitable album "Red Hot+Rio 2." The album is a follow-up to the 1996 "Red Hot + Rio." Proceeds from the sales will be donated to raise awareness and money to fight AIDS/HIV and related health and social issues.

In April of 2012 Banhart took place in artist Doug Aitken's audiovisual project "Song 1" at the Hirshorn Museum in Washington D.C. Banhart joined Beck and James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem in performing "I Only Have Eyes For You" for the the project that uses eleven high-definition video projectors working in tandem to blanket the museum’s entire surface with a video of the performance.

Visual Art

Banhart's drawings have also been featured in the Art Basel Contemporary Art Fair in Miami, FL, the Mazzoli Gallery in Modena, Italy, Spain's ARCOmadrid. and the Andrew Roth Gallery gallery in New York.

Banhart's drawings were previously featured in MOCA's exhibit: "The Artist's Museum" which showcases the works of influential Los Angeles based artists from the last 30 years. As part of the exhibit Banhart collaborated with artist Doug Aitken and musicians Beck and Caetano Veloso for a musical and visual performance piece.

Style

Many notable reviewers, including AllMusic, ''The Times'', and ''Mojo'', have pointed out similarities between Banhart's songs and production with that of the early 1970s band Tyrannosaurus Rex (an early version of Mark Bolan's T. Rex). In a May 2004 interview with ''Arthur'' magazine, Banhart claimed that he was unaware of the music of Tyrannosaurus Rex until after he began writing and recording songs. Devendra Banhart has played down Bolan's influence on his music, and instead prefers to credit Vashti Bunyan, Karen Dalton, Caetano Veloso, Simon Diaz, Fred Neil, Nico, Donovan, Six Organs of Admittance and certain albums such as David Crosby's If I Could Only Remember My Name among his main influences.

Discography

Albums

Singles and EPs

Collaborations and compilations

Equipment

References

External links

Category:1981 births Category:American folk singers Category:Living people Category:New Weird America Category:Musicians from Houston, Texas Category:Psych folk musicians Category:San Francisco Art Institute alumni Category:Spanish-language singers of the United States Category:American people of Venezuelan descent Category:XL Recordings artists Category:American folk rock musicians Category:Freak folk