Hari (Sanskrit: हरि) is an Avatar, another name of and , and appears as the 650th name in the Vishnu sahasranama of Mahabharata. In Sanskrit "''hari''" sometimes refers to a colour, green, yellow, or fawn-coloured/khaki. It is the colour of the Sun and of Soma. The word Hari is widely used in Dharmic literature covering Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sikh religions.

Some other related meaning of Hari

1. bearing (adj.) 2. bay 3. tawny 4. an exclamation 4. people 5. sun 6. Lion 7. horse 8. monkey 9. steed

Religious usage

The word Hari is a particular class of gods under manu tamasa.

The Harivamsha ("lineage of Hari") is a text in both the Puranic and Itihasa traditions.

Vaishnavites believe that God (conceived as Vishnu) has form and is without form. Swami Tapasyananda, in his book, ''Bhakti Schools of Vedanta'', reminds readers that Vishnu pervades everything and is not anthropomorphic. Vishnu has no particular material form but can manifest in any form, and is a center of all force, power, will, auspiciousness, goodness, beauty, grace, responsiveness, etc. As Swami Tapasyananda said, "Vishnu is the Indwelling Spirit in all beings and the whole cosmos constitute His body."

In the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, Hari is a name of both Krishna or Vishnu meaning "he who steals, or takes away", referring to how Krishna takes away all distress and anxieties, and lovingly robs the heart of His devotee. During religious festivals it is a common occurrence to hear people call out ''Haribol ! Haribol !'' meaning "please call out the name Hari", the Hare Krishna mantra contains the name in the vocative.

According to Adi Sankara's commentary on the Vishnu sahasranama, Hari means "One who destroys samsara", which is the entanglement in the cycle of birth and death, along with ignorance, its cause.

In the Ravidasi religion it is the holy symbol consisting of the three Gurmukhi letters with the character for "i" being made into a flame. It adorns all Ravidasi temples, known as Gurdehras. In Ravidassia Dharam it is used as "हरि" "ਹਰਿ".

It is a name of God in Hindu.

Influences

The Avestan cognate is ''zari'', sometimes incorrectly identified as the first part of the name of Zarathustra. The English words "gold" and "yellow" are probably also both cognates of ''hari''. They all derive from the hypothetical Proto-Indo-European root *ghel-, meaning "to shine". Many words in other unrelated languages in Asia are also derived from the word due to the influence of Sanskrit as a language of learning in the region. For example, the word for "daylight" in Indonesian, the word for "day" in Malay and the word for "king" in Tagalog are "hari". It is also a commonly used name in many Indian languages.

See also

Gauranga

Hari Nama Keerthanam

Hari Tuma Haro

Harikatha

Hara, a name for Shiva

References

Cited from ''Sri Vishnu Sahasranama'', commentary by Sri Sankaracharya, translated by Swami Tapasyananda ((Ramakrishna Math Publications, Chennai))

External links

Online Vedic Encyclopedia

Krishna.com All about Krishna.

Category:Forms of Krishna Category:Forms of Vishnu Category:Sanskrit words and phrases Category:Singular God Category:Titles and names of Krishna

it:Hari pl:Hari pt:Hari ru:Хари

name	Gloc-9
background	solo_singer
birth name	Aristotle Pollisco
birth date	October 18, 1977
origin	Philippines
instrument	Vocals, Rapping
genre	Hip Hop, Alternative
occupation	Rap Artist, Composer
associated acts	Death Threat, Parokya Ni Edgar, 6 Cycle Mind, Zelle, Amber Davis, Francis Magalona, Sheng Belmonte
years active	1996 – present
label	Star Records (2002–2006)Sony Music Philippines (2007–present)
website	Gloc-9 Official Website }}

Aristotle Pollisco (born October 18, 1977), better known by his stage name Gloc-9, is an Awit Award-winning Filipino rapper. His fast-flowing vocal style has made him one of the most successful hip-hop artists in the Philippines. He was described by fellow Filipino rapper Francis Magalona as "a blacksmith of words and letters, and a true Filipino poet."

He is an award-winning rapper who has collaborated almost a dozen of songs with other OPM artists; ''“Lando”'' collaborated with late Francis M., ''“Upuan”'' with Jaezelle, ''“Bagsakan”'' with Parokya ni Edgar and Francis M., and ''“Sari-Saring Kwento”'' with Noel Cabangon and Champ Lui Pio. His songs mostly tackle social issues such as social injustices, poverty and patriotism.

Personal life

He is the son of Orlando Pollisco, Sr. and the second of four siblings: Sharito (born 1976), Orlando, Jr. (born 1978) and Sharon (born 1982). Gloc 9 is a graduate of BS Nursing. He is married to Thea Pollisco and the father of fraternal twins, Sean Daniel and Danielle Shaun.

Discography

Studio Albums

Year !! Album !! Recording Company
2003	G9 (album)>G9	Star Records
2005	Ako Si...
2007	Diploma (Gloc-9 album)>Diploma
2009	Matrikula >
2011	Talumpati

Singles

"''Hinahanap Ng Puso''"

"''Isang Araw''"

"''Sayang''"

"''Ako Si''"

"''Simpleng Tao''"

"''Bakit''"

"''Ayoko Na''"

"''Masama Yan''"

"''Nag-iisang Mundo''"

"''Nginig''"

"''Tula''"

"''Ipagpatawad Mo''"

"''Love Story Ko"''

"''Liwanag''"

"''Ako Si''"

"''B.I.''"

"''Jologs''"

"''Get To Know You''"

"''Diploma''"

"''Lando''"

"''Torpedo''"

"''Sumayaw Ka''"

"''Upuan''"

"''Balita''"

"''Martilyo''"

"''Walang Natira''"

"''Elmer''"

"''Kung Tama siya *"''

"''One Hit Combo"''

"''Hari Ng Tondo"''

Endorsements and appearances

2011 Protégé: The Battle For The Big Break '' GMA Network Mentors

V-Fresh from Columbia Foods Corporation (2005–present)

Awards

!Year	!Ceremony	!Award	!Result
2012	Myx Music Awards	Favorite Male Artist	Favorite Urban Video
2011	Myx Music Awards	Favorite Male Artist
	23rd Awit Awards
Tambayan 101.9 OPM Awards	Song Of The Year – ''“Upuan”''
Myx Music Awards	Favorite Urban Video – ''“Upuan”''
Wave891 Urban Music Awards	Best Male Hip Hop
	Waki OPM Awards 101.9	Best Dance Hit – ''“Sumayaw Ka”''
2008
2007
2006
MTV Pilipinas	Video Of The Year – ''“Sayang”''
2003	Awit Awards	Best Christmas Song – ''“Pasko Na Naman”''
	Awit Awards
Katha

See also

Filipino hip hop

Death Threat (hip hop musician)

Francis Magalona

List of Filipino hip hop artists

References

External links

Official Multiply

Sony BMG Gloc-9 on Sony BMG Music Site

Gloc-9 on Star Records

Category:Filipino musicians Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Filipino rappers

es:Gloc-9 tl:Gloc-9

name	Badr Hari
native name	بدر هاري
other names	The Golden Boy Bad Boy
nationality	Dutch Moroccan
birth date	December 08, 1984
birth place	Amsterdam, Netherlands
height m	1.97
weight kg	106
weight class	Super Heavyweight
style	Muay Thai
team	Mike's Gym (2005-present) Chakuriki Gym (2000-2005) Sitan Gym
trainer	Mike Passenier Thom Harinck Naazim Richardson
years active	2000-present (Kickboxing)
kickbox win	89
kickbox kowin	78
kickbox loss	10
mma subloss	1
sherdog	4542
updated	January 28, 2012 }}

Badr Hari born December 8, 1984 in Amsterdam, Netherlands) is a Moroccan-Dutch super heavyweight kickboxer from the Netherlands, fighting out of Mike's Gym in Amsterdam. He is a former K-1 Heavyweight champion (2007—2008) and ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009'' finalist. As of May 2011, Hari is ranked the #2 heavyweight in the world by LiverKick.com. Hari has been a prominent figure in the world of kickboxing and considered one of the best kickboxers in the world, however he has been involved in a number of controversies relating to his "unsportsmanlike conducts" in the sport and alleged crimes of violence outside of the ring.

He was disqualified in the final match of the ''K-1 World GP 2008 Finals'' due to "unsportsmanlike conduct" against Remy Bonjasky. In May 2009 he knocked out Semmy Schilt in the first round and became the first ever It's Showtime World Heavyweight champion. However he lost this title when he was again disqualified after another unsportsmanlike conduct against Hesdy Gerges at the ''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam''. Aside from the sport, he has been arrested multiple times since 2006 on various assault charges against others.

Hari has been officially praised by the king of Morocco, Mohammed VI, since 2009 for his outstanding accomplishments in the sport.

In late 2011, Hari announced he would leave kickboxing as of 2012, to pursue a career in boxing. His farewell match was on January 28, 2012 against Gokhan Saki, whom he knocked out in the first round. Hari will move to Philadelphia to train with Naazim Richardson, and is anticipated to become a contestant for the heavy weight world champion title.

Early life

بدر هاري Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Badr Hari began practicing kickboxing at the age of seven, under the guidance of former World Champion Mousid Akamrane. As a teenager he trained at the Sitan Gym. When the Sitan Gym moved to Rotterdam, he joined the famous Chakuriki Gym ran by Thom Harinck. Under Harinck, Hari developed into one of the greatest kickboxing talents of the Netherlands. Badr Hari was fighting under the Dutch flag till he lost his match against Stefan Leko in 2005. It was the first time his parents attented one of his fights and he asked for the microphone to say some words to the Dutch audience. Hari couldn't be understood as the audience proceeded to boo him, after which Hari was quoted saying "I thought to myself, I have never witnessed such ungratefulness". From that day Hari decided to represent Morocco and stopped working with Tom Harinck. Mike Passenier became his new coach.

Kickboxing career

Early career

Under Harinck's coaching, Hari suffered few losses. In 2003 he replaced Melvin Manhoef with only a few days notice, to fight Alexey Ignashov. Hari, outweighed by more than 18 kg, lost the fight by knockout (body punch), but gained a lot of respect for stepping up to such an opponent under those circumstances.

In January 2005, Hari left the Chakuriki Gym and joined Simon Rutz's It's Showtime team. After a few months' training at the Mejiro Gym he returned to Harinck's, but left again a couple of weeks later. Since then he has been coached by Mike Passenier, who has also trained Joerie Mes, Bjorn Bregy and Melvin Manhoef.

Road to K-1

Hari's road to fame began with a pair of matches against Stefan Leko in 2005. The first took place at the ''It's Showtime 2005'' event in June 2005. Hari, who was generally known for his big mouth and slow ring entrance started some trash talk between them before the fight, making the hype even greater. Hari's long ring entrance took longer than the actual fight, where Hari was knocked out by Leko's trademark spinning back kick.

Hari got his chance for revenge in November 2005 when he entered the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2005'' tournament as a reserve fighter against Leko, making his K-1 World GP debut at the age of 20. Hari knocked Leko out by a spinning back high kick to the jaw at 1:30 in the second round. After all the bad blood between both fighters, Hari helped his opponent up and escorted the dazed German to the corner.

''K-1 New Zealand 2006''

In 2006 Badr Hari was scheduled to participate in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Amsterdam'' on May 13, 2006, but fought in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Auckland'', in New Zealand, instead as a last minute replacement. His opponent in the first round was Australian Peter "The Chief" Graham. Hari once again showed his bad boy reputation by abusing Graham and starting a street fight at the press conference. In the actual fight Hari was knocked out by Graham's trademark "Rolling Thunder". The heel hit Hari hard on the head and knocked him out cold. Graham's kick broke Hari's jaw in multiple places and sidelined Hari for several months.

Return to K-1

Hari returned to the ring at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 Final Elimination'' in Osaka, Japan against Ruslan Karaev. Karaev hurt Badr with a straight right that left Hari slouching over in the corner, then Karaev delivered a kick to Hari's face; Hari was counted out by the referee but immediately he and his corner protested, claiming the kick was a foul. When the referee did not respond, Hari and his cornermen caused a commotion and refused to leave the ring until they were escorted out by K-1 officials. Hari left in anger and trashed his changing room. Six months later, Hari was awarded a rematch against the Russian. After being knocked down by Karaev in the second round, Hari stood back up, slipped a punch and delivered a KO blow with a straight right to Karaev.

Despite being knocked out, Hari was once again picked as a reserve fighter in the ''K-1 Grand Prix 2006 Finals'' against Paul Slowinski. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Hari then fought the Danish Nicholas Pettas at the ''K-1 Premium 2006 Dynamite!!'' extravaganza and broke Pettas's left shoulder in the second round with a right high kick.

Hari got his revenge against Karaev at the ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Yokohama''. Karaev and Hari's matchup was one of two bouts to qualify for the first K-1 Heavyweight Title Match, scheduled on April 28, 2007 in Hawaii. Hari was knocked down in the second round and was just able to make it to his feet when Karaev intended to finish the fight with a swinging punch which Hari ducked, and landed a right cross to score a KO.

K-1 Heavyweight champion

On April 28, at ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Hawaii'', Badr Hari and Yusuke Fujimoto fought for the newly introduced Heavyweight belt. Hari won the fight in 56 seconds with a kick to the chin. With the knockout Hari became the world's first ever K-1 Heavyweight champion.

Hari got his chance for revenge against Peter Graham, whose turning kick broke his jaw in 2006, in Hong Kong at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 in Hong Kong''. He dropped Graham with a body punch and won by unanimous decision. After the bout, Hari and Graham seemed to bury the hatchet, hugging each other, although the two started taunting each other again at the post-fight press conference.

In September 2007 at the ''K-1 World GP 2007 Final Elimination'', Badr Hari beat the ''K-1 World GP 2007 in Las Vegas'' tournament champion, Doug Viney, by a second round KO and qualified for his first K-1 World GP Final, held on December 8 in Yokohama, Japan. His winning streak came to an end with a decision loss to Remy Bonjasky, during quarter final.

2008

''K-1 World GP 2008''

All of Hari's wins in 2008 were by knockouts, by beating Ray Sefo in Yokohama, Glaube Feitosa (whom he defended his heavyweight title) in Fukuoka and Domagoj Ostojic in Hawaii. On his next fight in Seoul he qualified for the ''K-1 World GP 2008 Final'' by TKO win over the Korean giant Hong Man Choi. In the quarterfinals on December 6, Hari defeated three time K-1 World champion Peter Aerts by TKO in the second round. In the semis he knocked out Errol Zimmerman and headed to his first K-1 Final against Remy Bonjasky. After suffering a knockdown in the first, Hari was disqualified in the second round for unsportsmanlike conduct by stomping and punching an already downed Bonjasky. First the referee Nobuaki Kakuda issued a yellow card and one point deduction. Meanwhile Hari proceeded to Bonjasky’s corner shouting, and quarreled with his opponent's trainer Ivan Hippolyte who then also approached Hari aggressively, but the officials prevented any further physical contact between them. After the five-minute recovery time elapsed, the doctor reported Bonjasky was seeing double and could not continue. Hari was issued a red card and Bonjasky was declared the K-1 World GP 2008 champion.

In later interviews Hari claimed Bonjasky was acting, and that "Remy's corner was screaming at him to stay down". At a press conference before the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Yokohama'', where Alistair Overeem attended along with Bonjasky, Overeem handed Bonjasky a statue which looked exactly like the statue of Oscar, implying Bonjasky was acting.

Although numerous Japanese media sources assumed that K-1 would suspend Hari indefinitely, he was not suspended, but he received the most severe punishment ever in the history of K-1. K-1 stripped him of his heavyweight title, his runner-up title in the tournament, his prize money from the tournament and the full amount of his fee for participation in the tournament.

''Dynamite!! 2008''

While there were many rumours of his and his opponent's participation, it was finally announced that Hari would face MMA Heavyweight Alistair Overeem in a K-1 rules match on K-1's New Year's Eve extravaganza ''Dynamite!! 2008''. Hari lost the fight by a left hook KO at 2:02 in the first round. After the match, Hari commented that this would be the last time he would participate in the ''Dynamite!!'' series, and that he would stick to stand-up fighting so he would never have an MMA rules match with Overeem.

2009

In May 2009 at the ''It's Showtime 2009 Amsterdam'', Hari fought Semmy Schilt in a long-awaited bout for the newly introduced It's Showtime World Heavyweight title. Hari came out very aggressively and knocked Schilt down twice in the first round. The fight was stopped after the second knockdown and Hari took the heavyweight title in 45 seconds. Simon Rutz, the president of It's Showtime, has referred to this as one of his favorite bouts in the history of It's Showtime.

In September 2009 at the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 Final 16'', Hari again used his trademark right body shot to score a first round knockout over Zabit Samedov.

At the selection for the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 Final'' Hari chose to fight Ruslan Karaev for the third time. He ran through the tournament with first round knockouts over Karaev and Alistair Overeem in a rematch, to make it to the World Grand Prix Final for the second year against Semmy Schilt. In their rematch Hari lost by KO after being knocked down 3 times in the first round.

2010

His first fight in 2010 was at the ''It's Showtime 2010 Prague'' in the Czech Republic, where Hari defended his Showtime heavyweight title with a second round knockout over Mourad Bouzidi. In April Hari defeated Alexey Ignashov in the ''K-1 World Grand Prix 2010 in Yokohama''. The fight went to decision, Hari's first non-knockout win in 3 years.

''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam''

Hari's Showtime title was again on the line against his former Chakuriki fellow Hesdy Gerges in Amsterdam in May. Before the match, he claimed in a press interview that his opponent at the event was originally planned to be Remy Bonjasky but Bonjasky refused to fight Hari, stating Bonjasky was afraid to lose. The ''It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam'' event took place at the Amsterdam Arena in May 2010. Hari dominated most of the first round, hitting Gerges many times and having him on the ropes. Hesdy surprised everyone on the night for taking the punishment. In the second round Gerges came forward, Hari counter-attacked forcefully and Gerges fell, when Gerges was standing up Badr Hari kicked him in the face. Badr was again disqualified and did not speak in the ring after Gerges was announced the winner. Instead, training partner Melvin Manhoef apologized to the fans on Badr's behalf but was booed by the crowd because of Badr's unsportsmanship Gerges became the new "Its Showtime" Heavyweight champion.

2011

After the Gerges fight, Hari took a year off from kickboxing. He stated that it was his own choice. He made his return to the ring at It's Showtime 2011 Lyon against French Kickboxer, Gregory Tony. Rather than using the catwalks for his entrance he decided to walk through his adoring fans, to where the fight was actually delayed because he was unable to get to the ring without security holding his fans away. What was expected to be a great warm up fight for Hari, turned out to be one-sided as Hari, with ease, won by TKO in round one with 3 quick knockdowns.

Though the biggest interest was for Badr to rematch Hesdy Gerges for the Showtime heavyweight title it was announced that he would fight Romanian Daniel Ghita in September. Ghita has been ranked as one of the best 5 kickboxers in the world and lost a decision against Gerges earlier in the year, but many feel he was robbed and is viewed as a tough opponent for Hari.

The fight never materialised, however, and he instead announced that he would retire from kickboxing and transition to boxing. He stated that he will compete in the 2011 K-1 World Grand Prix in October and December, and then face Gökhan Saki in the Netherlands on January 28, 2012 as his final match. The K-1 World Grand Prix was cancelled, however, due to financial difficulties.

2012

Hari faced Gökhan Saki at ''It's Showtime 2012 in Leeuwarden'' on January 28, 2012 in his latest kickboxing match. He defeated Saki by scoring three knockdowns in the first round before the referee stopped the fight, which earned him a TKO victory. He dropped Saki for the first time with a right uppercut. The second knockdown came from a right hook. Finally, he landed a right uppercut which dropped Saki and ended the fight. In April 2012 the new organization K-1 Global Limited President, Mr. Mike Kim, announced that Hari will make his comeback in K1. Hari's first fight will take place on May 27 in Madrid, Spain. If he wins, he will also participate in the final qualifications in October in Asia and the K-1 World Grand Prix Final in New York in December.

Titles

2009 K-1 World Grand Prix runner up

2009-2010 It's Showtime Heavyweight world champion +95 kg (1st title defence)

2007-2008 K-1 Heavyweight champion -100 kg (1st title defence)

2002 WPKL Dutch Muay Thai champion

Kickboxing record

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of It's Showtime champions

List of male kickboxers

References

External links

Extensive Resource on Badr Hari

Official website (entrance)—(start page)

K-1 profile

Mike's Gym official website

Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch kickboxers Category:Moroccan kickboxers Category:Super heavyweight kickboxers Category:Dutch mixed martial artists Category:Moroccan mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:Dutch Muay Thai practitioners Category:Moroccan Muay Thai practitioners Category:Dutch people of Moroccan descent Category:Dutch people of Arab descent Category:Arab people Category:People from Amsterdam

ar:بدر هاري de:Badr Hari es:Badr Hari fr:Badr Hari ko:바다 �?리 nl:Badr Hari ja:�??�?��?��?��?� pl:Badr Hari ru:Хари, Бадр fi:Badr Hari sv:Badr Hari tr:Badr Hari uk:Бадр Харі

Name	Hari Mata Hari
Background	group_or_band
Origin	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia
Genre	Pop rock
Years active	1985-present
Website	Official website
Current members	Hari Varešanović - vocalIzudin Kolečić - percussionKarlo Martinović - solo guitarŽeljko Zuber - bass guitar
Past members	Neno Jeleč, Adi Mulahalilović, Edo Mulahalilović, Miki Bodlović, Pjer Žalica, Zoran Kesić }}

Hari Mata Hari is a popular music band from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hari Mata Hari is the stage name for the singer Hajrudin "Hari" Varešanović. The group originated from the city of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The group has performed over 1,000 concerts and sold 5,000,000 albums to date. Their songs are among the most famous and popular love ballads in the former Yugoslav era. Hari Mata Hari was the representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 held in Athens, Greece.

The Group

The band, Hari Mata Hari, has constantly changed its members. Today, the group is composed of Hajrudin Varešanović (vocal), Izudin Izo Kolečić (percussion), Karlo Martinović (solo guitar, background vocal), and Željko Zuber (bass guitar, background vocal). Most of the Hari Mata Hari's songs are arranged by Hajrudin Varešanović. The lyrics are primarily written by Fahrudin Pecikoza - also known as Peco.

Hari grew up in the Vratnik neighborhood of Sarajevo's old town. His grandfather was one of the more well-known singers of traditional Bosnian Music called Sevdalinke. At the age of six, Hajrudin began to sing and learned to play the guitar. At the local cultural center, he was asked to sing, then at the age of ten he sang with the group "Omi", and later for the group "Sedam šuma". In Vratnik, Hari recorded his first song "Zašto da ne uzmem nju". (Why don't I take her) After finishing electrical school, Varešanović began to study Philosophy and attended classes of natural politics, but he never completed the courses. Music took up much of his time, as did his love of photography.

In 1979, Hari joined the group Zov with whom he recorded the hit song "Poletjela golubica sa Baščaršije." The song is still very popular. Next, Varešanović sang with the group "Ambasadori", with whom, it is said, that he matured into a professional artist. After his serving mandatory military service in the town of Niš, he appeared on the music scene by himself releasing the (1984) album ''Zlatne Kočije''. In September of 1985, Hari Varešanović together with the group members of Baobab - Izo Kolečić, Edo Mulahalilović, Pjer Žalica, and Zoran Kesić - won the festival Nove nade, nove snage (New hopes, new strengths), and created the musical group Hari Mata Hari. That same year, the new group announced the release of their new album ''U tvojoj kosi. (In your hair)'' In 1986, Pjer Žalica - "Badžo" and Zoran Kesić left the group. They were replaced by pianist Adi Mulihalilović and bass player Neno Jeleč, who will eventually be replaced by Željko Zuber. Their album of 1986, ''Ne bi te odbranila ni cijela Jugoslavija, (Not even all of Yugoslavia could defend you)'' was voted as the best album of the year, and Jugovision, the national competition for Eurovision, announced them as the candidate for Yugoslavia. Hari Mata Hari, in 1986, received fifth place for the song "U tvojoj kosi (In your hair)," and fourteenth place for the song "Nebeska kraljica" in 1987 in Belgrade.

1988 brought much prosperity to the group. Hari began to record for the recording company Jugoton, based in Zagreb. The album "Ja te volim najviše na svijetu" (I love you the most in the world) from 1988 sold over 300,000 copies, and carried 10 songs that are still popular (2006) - ("Igrale se delije", "Javi se", "Sedamnaest ti je godina" (You're 17) with Tatjana Matejaš-Tajči, "Naše malo misto", "Ja te volim najviše na svijetu" (I love you the most in the world), "Hej, kako si" (Hey, how are you?), "Zapleši" (Dance), "Kad dođe oktobar" (When October comes), "Ruža bez trna", "Poslednji valcer sa Dunava").

This prosperity was followed by another great album called ''Volio bih da te ne volim (I wish I didn't love you)'', which sold over 500,000 copies - ("Svi moji drumovi", "Na more dođite" (Come to the sea), "Što je bilo bilo je", "Pazi šta radiš" (Careful what you do) with Matejaš-Tajči). Then in 1990, Hari Mata Hari releases another album called ''Strah me da te volim (I'm afraid to love you)''. This album sold over 700,000 copies - ("Prsten i zlatni lanac" (Ring and a golden necklace), "Otkud ti k'o sudbina", "Ostavi suze za kraj", "Daj još jednom da čujem ti glas", "Nek' nebo nam sudi").

The collapse of Yugoslavia and the wars that ensued, left a mark in Hari Mata Hari's career. In 1991, Edo Mulahalilović left the group to start his own career. In late 1991, the group releases the album ''Rođena si samo za mene (You were born only for me)'' through the recording company Diskoton, located in Sarajevo. Some of the songs from the album are: "Ja ne pijem with" with Haris Džinović, "Nije za te bekrija", "Nije zima što je zima", that had solid sales and success. With that album, most activity stopped, due to the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In late 1994, the group released another album, while they were refugees in Germany. The album was called ''Ostaj mi zbogom ljubavi'' - "Bilo je lijepo dok je trajalo" (It was beautiful while it lasted), "Ti si mi droga" (You're my drug), "Ja sam kriv što sam živ", te obrada pesme "Poletjela golubica" (The dove flew) with Halid Bešlić. This album was made only by Hari and Izo, the rest of the group would not reunite until 1997-1998. The group was composed of (besides Hari and Izo) Karlo Martinović, Miki Bodlović, Adi Mulihalilović, and Emir Mehić. They returned to the music scene with a greatest hits album called ''Ja nemam snage da te ne volim (I don't have the strength to not love you)''. It was released in 1998 - ("Ne lomi me", "Emina", "Ja nemam snage da te ne volim" (I don't have the strength to not love you), "Gdje li si sada ljubavi" (Where are you now love?), "Upomoć").

In 1999 Hari Varešanović was chosen to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina for Eurovision. However, he was disqualified due to an issue with the song's status. Hari sold the song "Starac i more" (The old man and the sea) to Finland in 1997 and Finnish artist Janne Hurme recorded that song in Finnish, named "Sydänveri" (Finnish for "Heart Blood"). Dino Merlin, who was the runner up, was sent to Eurovision instead and received seventh place. Hari, together with Hanka Paldum, recorded the duet "Crni snijeg" (Black snow) in 2001. That same year (2001) the album ''Baš ti lijepo stoje suze'' came out with a few hit songs - ("Kao domine" (Like dominoes), "Zjenico oka moga", "Baš ti lijepo stoje suze"). In 2002 with the song "Ruzmarin" (Rosemary), that became an instant hit. Hari Mata Hari was one of the six finalists in the Croatian Radio Festival and represented Bosnia and Herzegovina for the OGAE in France. Also, in 2002 Hari Mata Hari won the first Davorin song of the year award, for the song "Kao Domine" (Like dominoes). The music for the song was written by Miki Bodlović and Hari Varešanović, with lyrics by Fahrudin Pecikoza. Then in 2003 Hari's song "Idi", brought him to the seventh Croatian Radio Festival with the song "Navodno" with Ivana Banfić. He then went to the Splitski festival. After Hari's small concerts on the Balkans, in Europe, and in Australia, the group began to record a new album. Franjo Valentić, Hari's long time friend joins the group, while Miki Bodlović leaves the group to start his own career in U.S. and he was replaced by Nihat Voloder. At the eighth ''Hrvatski radiski festival'' the group competed with the song "Nema čega nema". At the ''Splitski festival'' the group entered the competition with the song "Zakon jačega" (Law of the strong) recorded with Bosnian superstar singer Kemal Monteno. Later that year the group released another album under the name of the song "Zakon jačega", for Sarajevo's Diskoton, Zagreb's Croatia Records, and Belgrade's HI-FI Centar.

PBSBiH, through a public on-line voting system, Hari Mata Hari was chosen as the Bosnian representative for Eurovision. BH Eurosong gave the name "Vrijeme je za Bosnu i Hercegovinu" (It's time for Bosnia-Herzegovina), and the song was described as Bosnia's Romeo and Juliet. The first time the song was aired to the public was on March 5, 2006 on a special live evening celebration held by "BH Eurosong 06" in Sarajevo's theater. Hari sang the song for the first time in public and received a standing ovations. Six days later, Hari sang the song at his first stage appearance in Belgrade on the final evening of Evropesma 2006. The song "Lejla" (Composer: Željko Joksimović, Lyric writers: Fahrudin Pecikoza & Dejan Ivanovic) is a powerful love ballad about far away love. It uses styles of sevdah and local traditional instruments. The female name Lejla is a traditional Arab name. Eric Clapton and ZZ Top both used the name Leyla in their songs. It is said the title refers to a popular Bosnian song from 1981, when a song called "Lejla" was the Yugoslavian entry to the Eurovision Songcontest. It was sung by Bosnian artist Seid Memić Vajta and reached 15th place in Dublin.

The lyrics of the song were written by Fahrudin Pecikoza and Dejan Ivanović with the music by Željko Joksimović. Joksimović, represented Serbia and Montenegro at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 in Istanbul ("Lane moje", second place), the song was written for non-profit and was solely voluntary. The music video of "Lejla" was directed by Pjer Žalica, along with Hari and the band. It shows many old Bosnian traditions. It was recorded in several areas of Herzegovina: on the mountains of Blidinja and on the national park/lake Hutovo Blato, on Ruištu, and in the beautiful city of Mostar. The video ends with the Stari Most, the older part of the city, in the background. The song received its name through on-line voting (with 3501 votes, other name ideas were "Zar bi mogla ti drugog voljeti?" (Could you not love another?) with 660, and "Sakrivena" with 462 votes). Hari Mata Hari took 3rd place at Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with 229 points.

In 2007 the group releases the single: "Zar je to još od nas ostalo".

In 2009 the group released th album: Sreća (Luck) and this album came out with a few hit songs: "Azra", "Sreća", "Ne mogu ti reći šta je tuga" with Nina Badrić, "Tvoje je samo to što daš" with Eldin Husenbegović.

Nihat Voloder left the group and he was replaced by Željko Zuber.

Even with huge concerts in Sarajevo's "Skenderija" and "Zetra", Hari Mata Hari never has any problems filling up concerts wherever they go in the former Yugoslavia areas. In 1999, the group played for seven days in Belgrade at the "Sava center".

Hari Mata Hari continues to be one of the most well-known, popular and respected Bosnian musical groups of all time.

Group Members

Current members

Hari (Hajrudin) Varešanović - vocal

Zeljko Zuber - bass guitar

Karlo Martinović - solo guitar

Izudin - Izo Kolečić - drums

Former Members

Pjer Žalica

Zoran Kesić

Neno Jeleč

Adi Mulahalilović

Edo Mulahalilović

Miki Bodlović

Emir Mehić

Nihat Voloder

Festivals

''2002 - Croatian Radio Festival 2002''

''2003 - Croatian Radio Festival 2003''

''2003 - Split 2003''

''2004 - Croatian Radio Festival 2004''

''2007 - Croatian Radio Festival 2007''

Discography

''1984 - Zlatne kočije (Golden Carriage)'' - Hari Varešanović's solo album

''1985 - Skini haljinu (Take Off Your Dress)''

''1985 - U tvojoj kosi (In Your Hair)''

''1986 - Ne bi te odbranila ni cijela Jugoslavija (Even All of Yugoslavia Couldn't Defend You)''

''1988 - Ja te volim najviše na svijetu (I love You the Most in the World)''

''1989 - Volio bi' da te ne volim (I Would Love not to Love You)''

''1990 - Strah me da te volim (I'm Afraid to Love You)''

''1991 - Rođena si samo za mene (You Were Born Only for Me)''

''1994 - Ostaj mi zbogom ljubavi (Stay Well, My Love)''

''1998 - Ja nemam snage da te ne volim (I Don't Have the Strength Not to Love You)''

''2001 - Baš ti lijepo stoje suze (Tears Look Good on You)''

''2002 - Ruzmarin (Rosemary)''

''2004 - Zakon jačega (Stronger Will)''

''2009 - Sreća (Luck)''

See also

Sarajevo school of pop rock

External links

Hari Mata Hari performing Lejla at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006

Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina musical groups Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina Eurovision Song Contest entrants Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2006 Category:Yugoslav rock music groups

az:Hari Mata Hari bg:Хари Мата Хари bs:Hari Mata Hari cs:Hari Mata Hari de:Hari Mata Hari fr:Hari Mata Hari hr:Hari Mata Hari it:Hari Mata Hari lt:Hari Mata Hari nl:Hari Mata Hari no:Hari Mata Hari pl:Hari Mata Hari ro:Hari Mata Hari ru:Hari Mata Hari sr:Хари Мата Хари sh:Hari Mata Hari fi:Hari Mata Hari sv:Hari Mata Hari tr:Hari Mata Hari uk:Hari Mata Hari

Name	Mata Hari
Birth name	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle
Birth date	August 07, 1876
Birth place	Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Death date	October 15, 1917
Death place	Vincennes, Paris, France
Death cause	Execution by firing squad
Nationality	Dutch
Other names	Mata Hari
Spouse	Rudolf John MacLeod (1895-1903)
Children	Norman-John MacLeodJeanne-Louise MacLeod
Footnotes	}}

Margaretha Geertruida "Margreet" Zelle (7 August 1876 - 15 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari, was a Dutch exotic dancer, courtesan, and accused spy who was executed by firing squad in France under charges of espionage for Germany during World War I.

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands, the eldest of four children of Adam Zelle (2 October 1840 - 13 March 1910) and his first wife Antje van der Meulen (21 April 1842 - 9 May 1891). She had three brothers. Her father owned a hat store, made successful investments in the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha a lavish early childhood that included exclusive schools until the age of 13.

However, Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced soon thereafter, and her mother died in 1891. Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (11 March 1844 - 1 December 1913), with whom he had no children. The family had fallen apart and Margaretha moved to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. In Leiden, she studied to be a kindergarten teacher, but when the headmaster began to flirt with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution by her offended godfather. After only a few months, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered an advertisement in a Dutch newspaper placed by Dutch Colonial Army Captain Rudolf MacLeod (1 March 1856 - 9 January 1928) who was living in the then Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife. Margaretha married Rudolf in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of the Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye) and Dina Louisa Baroness Sweerts de Landas. This was significant as the marriage enabled her to move into the Dutch upper class and her finances were placed on a sound footing. They moved to Malang on the East side of the island of Java and had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (30 January 1897 - 27 June 1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (2 May 1898 - 10 August 1919).

The marriage was an overall disappointment. MacLeod appears to have been an alcoholic who would take out his frustrations on his wife, who was twenty years younger, and whom he blamed for his lack of promotion. He also openly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Dutch East Indies at that time. The disenchanted Margaretha abandoned him temporarily, moving in with Van Rheedes, another Dutch officer. For months, she studied the Indonesian traditions intensively, joining a local dance company. In 1897, she revealed her artistic name: ''Mata Hari'', Indonesian for "sun" (literally, "eye of the day"), via correspondence to her relatives in Holland.

At MacLeod's urging, Margaretha returned to him, although his aggressive demeanour did not change. She escaped her circumstances by studying the local culture. In 1899, their children fell violently ill from complications relating to the treatment of syphilis contracted from their parents, though the family claimed they were poisoned by an irate servant. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Some sources maintain that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned a supper to kill both of their children. After moving back to the Netherlands, the couple separated in 1902 and divorced in 1907. Margaretha initially retained custody of Jeanne, but after Rudolf deliberately reneged on a support payment, Margaretha was forced to give Jeanne back to him. Jeanne later died at the age of 21, also possibly from complications relating to syphilis.

Paris

In 1903, Margaretha moved to Paris, where she performed as a circus horse rider, using the name Lady MacLeod, much to the disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a living, she also posed as an artist's model.

By 1905, Mata Hari began to win fame as an exotic dancer. She was a contemporary of dancers Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis, leaders in the early modern dance movement, which around the turn of the 19th to 20th century looked to Asia and Egypt for artistic inspiration. Critics would later write about this and other such movements within the context of Orientalism. Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from the debut of her act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905. She became the long-time mistress of the millionaire Lyon industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée. She posed as a Java princess of priestly Hindu birth, pretending to have been immersed in the art of sacred Indian dance since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this period, nude or nearly so. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthened his case in keeping custody of their daughter.

Mata Hari brought this carefree provocative style to the stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The most celebrated segment of her act was her progressive shedding of clothing until she wore just a jeweled bra and some ornaments upon her arms and head. She was seldom seen without a bra as she was self-conscious about being small-breasted. She wore a bodystocking for her performances that was similar in color to her own skin.

Although Mata Hari's claims about her origins were fictitious, this was common practice for entertainers of that era. Her act was spectacularly successful because it elevated exotic dance to a more respectable status, and so broke new ground in a style of entertainment for which Paris was later to become world famous. Her style and her free-willed attitude made her a very popular woman, as did her eagerness to perform in exotic and revealing clothing. She posed for provocative photos and mingled in wealthy circles. At the time, as most Europeans were unfamiliar with the Dutch East Indies and thus thought of Mata Hari as exotic, it was assumed her claims were genuine.

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that the success and dazzling features of the popular Mata Hari was due to cheap exhibitionism and lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important social events throughout Europe, she was held in disdain by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who did not know how to dance.

Mata Hari was also a successful courtesan, though she was known more for her sensuality and eroticism rather than for striking classical beauty. She had relationships with high-ranking military officers, politicians, and others in influential positions in many countries. Her relationships and liaisons with powerful men frequently took her across international borders. Prior to World War I, she was generally viewed as an artist and a free-spirited bohemian, but as war approached, she began to be seen by some as a wanton and promiscuous woman, and perhaps a dangerous seductress.

Double agent

During World War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch subject, Margaretha Zelle was thus able to cross national borders freely. To avoid the battlefields, she travelled between France and the Netherlands via Spain and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. In 1916, she was travelling by steamer from Spain when her ship called at the English port of Falmouth. There she was arrested and brought to London where she was interrogated at length by Sir Basil Thomson, Assistant Commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of counter-espionage. He gave an account of this in his 1922 book ''Queer People'', saying that she eventually admitted to working for French Intelligence. Initially detained in Canon Street police station, she was then released and stayed at the Savoy Hotel. A full transcript of the interview is in Britain's National Archives and was broadcast with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron on the independent station London Broadcasting in 1980.

It is unclear if she lied on this occasion, believing the story made her sound more intriguing, or if French authorities were using her in such a way, but would not acknowledge her due to the embarrassment and international backlash it could cause.

In January 1917, the German military attaché in Madrid transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy, code-named H-21. French intelligence agents intercepted the messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. Unusually, the messages were in a code that German intelligence knew had already been broken by the French, leaving some historians to suspect that the messages were contrived.

Trial and execution

thumb|Execution of Mata Hari (1920 movie) On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in her room at the Hotel Plaza Athénée in Paris. She was put on trial, accused of spying for Germany and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers. Although the French and British intelligence suspected her of spying for Germany, neither could produce definite evidence against her. Secret ink was found in her room, which was incriminating evidence in that period. She contended that it was part of her make-up. She wrote several letters to the Dutch Consul in Paris, claiming her innocence. "My international connections are due of my work as a dancer, nothing else [...]. Because I really did not spy, it is terrible that I cannot defend myself." She was found guilty and was executed by firing squad on 15 October 1917, at the age of 41.

German documents unsealed in the 1970s prove that Mata Hari was truly a German agent. In the fall of 1915, she entered German service, and on orders of section III B-Chief Walter Nicolai, she was instructed about her duties by Major Roepell during a stay in Cologne. Her reports were to be sent to the Kriegsnachrichtenstelle West (War News Post West) in Düsseldorf under Roepell as well as to the Agent mission in the German embassy in Madrid under Major Arnold Kalle, with her direct handler being Captain Hoffmann, who also gave her the code name H21.

In December 1916, the French Second Bureau of the French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names of six Belgian agents: five of whom were suspected of submitting fake material and working for the Germans, while the sixth was suspected to be a double agent for Germany and France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris for a trip to Madrid, the double agent was executed by the Germans, while the five others continued their operations. This development served as proof to the Second Bureau that the names of the six spies had been communicated by Mata Hari to the Germans.

According to Pat Shipman's biography ''Femme Fatale'' Mata Hari never was a double agent, but was used as a scapegoat by the French military authority to obscure the failing of the French military operations at the front. This information was obtained by Shipman when she was allowed to study newly opened files in Paris.

The court file concerning the alleged double agent will not be opened before the 15 October 2017, exactly one hundred years after her execution. This might shed new light on what really happened.

Disappearance and rumours

Mata Hari's body was not claimed by any family members and was accordingly used for medical study. Her head was embalmed and kept in the Museum of Anatomy in Paris, but in 2000, archivists discovered that the head had disappeared, possibly as early as 1954, when the museum had been relocated. Records dated from 1918 show that the museum also received the rest of the body, but none of the remains could later be accounted for.

A 1934 ''New Yorker'' article reported that at her execution she actually wore "a neat Amazonian tailored suit, specially made for the occasion, and a pair of new white gloves" though another account indicates she wore the same suit, low-cut blouse and tricorn hat ensemble which had been picked out by her accusers for her to wear at trial, and which was still the only full, clean outfit which she had along in prison. Neither description matches photographic evidence. According to an eyewitness account by British reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. Wales records her death, saying that after the volley of shots rang out "...Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, and without the slightest change of expression on her face. For the fraction of a second it seemed she tottered there, on her knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her life. Then she fell backward, bending at the waist, with her legs doubled up beneath her..." A non-commissioned officer then walked up to her body, pulled out his revolver, and shot her in the head to make sure she was dead.

Museum

The Frisian Museum at Leeuwarden, Netherlands exhibits a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit are two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug embroidered with the footsteps of her fan dance. Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for research into the life and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen.

Legend and popular culture

The fact that almost immediately after her death questions arose about the justification of her execution, on top of rumours about the way she acted during her execution, set the story. The idea of an exotic dancer working as a lethal double agent, using her powers of seduction to extract military secrets from her many lovers fired the popular imagination, set the legend and made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of the femme fatale.

Much of the popularity is owed to the film titled ''Mata Hari'' (1931) and starring Greta Garbo in the leading role. While based on real events in the life of Margaretha Zelle, the plot was largely fictional, appealing to the public appetite for fantasy at the expense of historical fact. Immensely successful as a form of entertainment, the exciting and romantic character in this film inspired subsequent generations of storytellers. Eventually, Mata Hari featured in more films, television series, and in video games, but increasingly, it is only the use of Margaretha Zelle's famous stage name that bears any resemblance to the real person. Kurt Vonnegut's novel ''Mother Night'' is dedicated to her. Many books have been written about Mata Hari, some of them serious historical and biographical accounts, but many of them highly speculative. Mata Hari was also the basis for a Broadway musical of the same name, which was a notorious financial flop when it was premiered in 1967.

In 2007 Dutch author Tomas Ross published ''De Tranen van Mata Hari'' (Mata Hari's tears), in which book he describes the secrets concerning her actions during the great war. According to this book Mata Hari was innocent.

Mata Hari was portrayed by Domiziana Giordano in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. She engaged in a brief relationship with Indiana Jones during his time in the Belgian army.

Margarette was a main character in the game Shadow Hearts for Playstation One.

Bibliography

Marijke Huisman, ''Mata Hari (1876-1917): de levende legende''. Hilversum, Netherlands: House Verloren. ISBN 90-6550-442-7.

Shipman, Pat (2007). ''Femme Fatale: A Biography of Mata Hari''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-85074-1. ISBN 978-0-297-85074-8. (USA edition (2007)

Waagenaar, Sam (1965) ''Mata Hari''. Appleton-Century

''Femme Fatale: Love, Lies, and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari''. William Morrow. ISBN 0-06-081728-3. ISBN 978-0-06-081728-2.

Tomas Ross (2007). ''De tranen van Mata Hari.'' Cargo (De Bezige Bij, Amsterdam). ISBN 978-90-234-2333-1.

References

External links

Biography at Court TV's Crime Library

Multi-language (nl, fr, de, en) website on Mata Hari

Details of the disappearance of the corpse

Mata Hari: Dancer, Stripper, Spy - slideshow by ''Life magazine''

"The Execution of Mata Hari, 1917," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2005)

Mata-Hari.com: Pictures and Photos of Mata Hari (English + Deutsch + Español + Português + Français + Italiano)

Category:Women in World War I Category:Dutch people of World War I Category:Dutch dancers Category:World War I spies for Germany Category:Double agents Category:Female wartime spies Category:Executed spies Category:People executed by firing squad Category:1876 births Category:1917 deaths Category:People from Leeuwarden Category:Dutch courtesans Category:Dutch people executed abroad Category:People executed by the French Third Republic Category:Executed Dutch women Category:World War I espionage Category:Malay words and phrases

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