Name | Nantes |
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Image coat of arms | Blason_Nantes.svg |
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Coat of arms legend | Coat of arms |
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City motto | ("Neptune favours the traveller")
| longitude-1.5528
| latitude47.2181 |
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Time zone | CET (GMT +1) |
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Region | Pays-de-la-Loire |
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Department | Loire-Atlantique |
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Arrondissement | Nantes |
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Canton | Chief town of 11 cantons |
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Intercommunality | Nantes Métropole |
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Mayor | Jean-Marc Ayrault |
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Party | PS |
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Term | 2008–2014 |
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Area km2 | 65.19 |
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Population | 283,025 |
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Population date | 2007 census |
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Population ranking | 6th in France |
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Urban area km2 | 524.6 |
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Urban area date | 2008 |
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Urban pop | 580,502 |
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Urban pop date | 2007 |
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Metro area km2 | 2,242.6 |
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Metro area date | 1999 |
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Metro area pop | 804,000 |
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Metro area pop date | 2008 |
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Intercom | Urban Communityof Nantes |
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Insee | 44109 |
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Postal code | 44000, 44100, 44200 and 44300 |
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Dialling code | 02 |
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Website | Official website www.nantes.fr
}} |
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Nantes () (,
Gallo: ''Naunnt'') is a city in western France, located on the
Loire River, from the
Atlantic coast. The city is the
6th largest in France, while its
metropolitan area ranks 8th with over 800,000 inhabitants.
Nantes is the capital city of the Pays de la Loire region and Loire-Atlantique département. Together with Vannes, Rennes and Carhaix, it was one of the major cities of the historic province of Brittany, and the ancient Duchy of Brittany. Culturally, Nantes is a Breton city.
In 2004, ''Time'' described Nantes as "the most liveable city in Europe". In 2010, Nantes was named a hub city for innovation in the Innovation Cities Index by innovation agency, 2thinknow. The city was ranked 36th globally from 289 cities and 4th overall in France, behind Paris, Lyon and Strasbourg for innovation across multiple sectors of the economy.
Etymology
The name Nantes, pronounced in French, derives from that of its pre-Roman-era inhabitants, the
Gaulish tribe known as the
Namnetes, who founded a town there around 70 BC. The city was called
Portus Namnetum during the Roman occupation that began in 56 BC. The inhabitants of Nantes are known in French as ''Nantais'' ().
Nantes' most common nickname is the ''Venice of the West'' (, ), a name owing to its position on the river delta of the Loire, the Erdre, and the Sèvre.
History
After having been occupied by the
Gauls and the
Romans, Nantes was Christianised in the 3rd century. The city was successively invaded by the
Saxons (around 285), the
Franks (around 500), the
Britons (in the 6th and 7th centuries) and the
Normans, who laid waste to it in 843: ''"The city of Nantes remained for many years deserted, devastated and overgrown with briars and thorns."'' The
Chronicle of Nantes continues until about 1050 and it recounts that
Alain Barbe-Torte, who was the grandson of Alan the Great, the last king of
Brittany who was expelled by the Norse, drove them out and founded the
Duchy of Brittany.
When the Duchy of Brittany was united to the kingdom of France in 1532 by the Treaty of Plessis-Macé, Nantes kept the Parliament of Brittany for a few years before it was moved to Rennes. In 1598, King Henry IV of France signed the Edict of Nantes here, which granted Protestants rights to their religion.
During the 18th century, prior to abolition of slavery, Nantes was the slave trade capital of France. This kind of trade led Nantes to become the largest port in France and a wealthy city. When the French Revolution broke out, Nantes chose to be part of it, although the whole surrounding region soon degenerated into an open civil war against the new republic known as the War in the Vendée. On 29 June 1793 the town was the site of a Republican victory in this war. The Loire was the site of thousands of executions by drowning, including those using the method which came to be known as the Republican marriage, in which a man and a woman were stripped naked, tied together, and thrown into the river.
In the 19th century, Nantes became an industrial city. The first public transport anywhere may have been the omnibus service initiated in Nantes in 1826. It was soon imitated in Paris, London and New York. The first railways were built in 1851 and many industries were created. In 1940, the city was occupied by German troops. In 1941, the assassination of a German officer, Lt. Col. Fritz Hotz, caused the retaliatory execution of 48 civilians. The city was twice severely bombed by British forces, on 16 and 23 August 1943, before being liberated by the Americans in 1944.
Until the 1970s, Nantes' harbour was located on the Île de Nantes, when it was moved to the very mouth of the Loire River, at Saint-Nazaire. In the subsequent 20 years, many service sector organisations moved into the area, but economic difficulties forced most of these to close. In 2001, a major redevelopment scheme was launched, the goal of which is to revitalise the island as the new city centre.
In 2003, the French weekly ''L'Express'' voted Nantes to be the "greenest city" in France, while in both 2003 and 2004 it was voted the "best place to live" by the weekly Le Point. In August 2004, ''TIME'' designated Nantes as "the most livable city in all of Europe."
Geography
Nantes is located on the banks of the
Loire River, at the
confluence of the
Erdre and the
Sèvre Nantaise, 55 km (35 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean. The city was built in a place where many branches of the Loire river created several islands, but most of those branches were filled in at the beginning of the 20th century (and the confluence with the Erdre river diverted and covered) due to the increasing car traffic.
Nantes is the central point of the land hemisphere (the half of the earth containing the largest possible area of land).
Climate
About 50 kilometres from the coast, Nantes has generally cool winters and mild summers, with rainfalls at least every week, which makes Nantes a temperate city, though winters can bring freezing temperatures and occasional hot spells in summer, especially during the month of July.
Politics
Nantes is the ''
préfecture'' (capital city) of both the
Loire-Atlantique ''
département'' and the
Pays de la Loire ''
région''.
The Nantes metropolitan area (''Nantes Métropole'') is the intercommunal structure connecting the city of Nantes with nearby suburbs. It had a 1999 population of 554,478, 48.7% of which comprised the city of Nantes. The current mayor of Nantes is Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS), first elected in 1989 and now serving a sixth term, until 2014.
Neighbourhoods
Since 1995, Nantes has been divided into 11 neighbourhoods, each resembling a historic city quarter. Each of these neighbourhoods is controlled by a ''Comité Consultatif'' (Consultative Committee), comprising directly
elected officials and a team of municipal members, similar to a
New England board of selectmen. These neighbourhoods are:
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Centre-ville
Bellevue-Chantenay-Sainte Anne
Dervallières-Zola
Hauts-Pavés-Saint-Félix
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Malakoff-Saint-Donatien
Île de Nantes
Breil-Barberie
Nantes-Nord
|valign=top|
Nantes-Erdre
Bottière-Doulon
Nantes-Sud
|}
Nine of these neighbourhoods are situated on the right bank of the Loire, one is on the left bank, and one is on the Île de Nantes island.
Nantes and Brittany
The city of Nantes, and the Loire-Atlantique ''département'', were formerly part of the historic province of
Brittany; Nantes was one of its traditional capitals, along with
Rennes.
Historically, the country around Nantes (; ; Gallo: ''Paeï de Nàntt'') was always seen as being part of Brittany. In 1207, the Dukes of Brittany made Nantes their home, building the Castle of the Dukes of Brittany on the banks of the Loire. Most of the dukes and duchesses were buried in either the cathedral or the nearby abbeys.
In 1789, the separation of the historical provinces of France resulted in Brittany being split in five; the lower of the five, ''Loire-Inférieure'' (today Loire-Atlantique) was where Nantes was situated. As such, Brittany as an administrative region did not exist during the 19th and early 20th centuries, although it did still exist culturally and informally. When regional regroupments during the 20th century resulted in the reinstatement of the regions, Loire-Atlantique found itself split from the other four ''départements'' by the Vichy regime in 1941; a new ''région'' had been created centred on Nantes, the Pays de la Loire.
Much debate surrounding this move persists. Those against (sometimes called the ''Breton militants'') maintain that the separation was made by a non-democratically elected government, and that Loire-Atlantique is culturally, historically and geographically united to Brittany; those in favour argue that any reunification would reopen a "quarrel of the capitals" between Nantes and Rennes, and that it would be fatal to the Pays de la Loire ''région''.
The issue of language is also relevant; in Upper Brittany (locally called ''Bretagne Gallèse'' or ''Haute Bretagne'') Romance languages especially the local Gallo, as well as French, have long had more influence than Breton. However, in many large cities, including Nantes and Saint-Brieuc, the Breton language has sometimes been spoken more widely than Gallo by the very urban and ''bourgeois'' population there (even though in ''Le Pays Nantais'' the opposite was true). In recent years, many bilingual plaques have appeared on tourist attractions in the city, with the help of the Ofis ar Brezhoneg (; ).
Most recently, on 15 May 2004, a hastily organized demonstration in Nantes calling for the reunification of Brittany attracted 6,000 participants, while in five surveys on the issue, between 62% and 75% of the population of Loire-Atlantique have come out in favour of reunification.
In 2008, 1.4% of the children in Nantes attended the bilingual schools for primary.
Education
Colleges and universities
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Audencia Nantes; school of management
École d'architecture de Nantes
Ecole Atlantique de Commerce
École centrale de Nantes
École de design Nantes Atlantique
École de Management à Nantes (part of the IDRAC International School of Management network)
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
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École des mines de Nantes
École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies
École nationale d'ingénieurs des techniques des industries agricoles et alimentaires
École nationale vétérinaire de Nantes; one of four national schools of veterinary medicine in France
École polytechnique de l'université de Nantes
École Supérieure du bois
Université de Nantes; founded in 1460, reestablished in Nantes in 1962
|}
Transport
The first organized
omnibus transit system within a city appears to have originated in Nantes in 1826. The current network operated by
Tan network includes three tramway lines, one
bus rapid transit route (known as
BusWay), dozens of bus routes, an
express bus between
Nantes Atlantique Airport, and the city centre (known as ''Tan Air''), three navibuses lines and four
suburban train lines (operated by
SNCF and running on four
intercity train lines within the city's limits). Longer distance travel throughout the Loire-Atlantique ''département'' is operated by
Lila network, which runs interurban buses.
The
Tramway de Nantes originally began operation in 1879, but this first generation network closed in 1958. A new generation of tram lines opened in 1985, and the tram network is now the longest in France. The tram network, also part of the Tan network, shares a common ticketing system with buses and other modes within that network.
Nantes railway station lies on a number of rail lines. Nantes is connected by TGV (high speed train) to Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, and Strasbourg, with trains to Paris via the LGV Atlantique taking just over 2 hours. By Corail, Nantes is connected to Quimper, La Rochelle, Bordeaux, Lyon, and Toulouse. The regional trains and buses of the TER Pays de la Loire provide links to Saint-Nazaire, Angers, Le Mans, La Roche sur Yon, and many other regional cities.
Nantes was formerly a major commercial port, with port facilities on the River Loire in the city centre. Much of the commercial traffic has since migrated downstream, principally to the area around Saint-Nazaire, although the river remains navigable to ocean-going ships as far as Nantes. River cruises operate on both the Loire and its tributary the Erdre. The Tan network also includes three urban water bus routes on both rivers (known as Navibus).
Nantes Atlantique Airport, located 8 km to the south-west of the city centre, serves the city and surrounding areas. It is the biggest airport in western France, linking with several French and European cities, as well as Montreal in Canada and some northern Africa cities. It is currently planned that this airport will be replaced by the Aéroport du Grand Ouest, that will be situated 30 km to the north-west of Nantes in the ''commune'' of Notre-Dame-des-Landes. The €580 million project was approved in February 2008, with construction expected to start in 2012 and an opening date in 2015.
Main sights
Castles, churches and mosques
The Château des ducs de Bretagne (Castle of the Dukes of Brittany) is the most important castle and hosts the History Museum of the City of Nantes.
Nantes has many churches, amongst which the most famous are:
Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul.
Église Notre-Dame de Bon-Port (Basilica of Saint-Louis).
Église Saint-Nicolas (Basilica of Saint Nicolas, 1844).
Église Sainte-Croix (Church of the Holy Cross).
Église Saint-Clément.
Église Saint-Similien.
Église Saint-Donatien et Saint-Rogatien.
Église Saint-Félix (former bishop of Nantes).
Église Sainte-Thérèse.
Église Saint-Pasquier.
Nantes has three mosques:
Mosquée Arrahma
Mosquée en langue turque
Mosquée El Forkane de Nantes
Museums
Musée d'histoire de Nantes (Nantes History Museum); located inside the Castle of the Dukes of Brittany.
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes (Fine Arts Museum of Nantes).
Muséum d'histoire naturelle (Natural History museum).
Musée Thomas Dobrée (Thomas Dobrée archaeological museum).
Musée Jules Verne (Jules Verne museum).
Musée naval ''Maillé-Brézé'' (naval museum).
The Pays de la Loire regional contemporary art collection.
The Planetarium.
*
Historical places
The Isle of Nantes; a former shipyard turned into a leisure and cultural site, including the Machines of the Isle of Nantes permanent exhibition.
Passage Pommeraye; 19th century galleria with shopping.
''Brasserie La Cigale''; described by
Jean-Louis Trintignant as "perhaps the most beautiful brasserie in the world."
Place du Commerce; the city's main square.
Place Royale; a historic square located in the heart of the city, recently renewed.
Place Graslin; a historic place featuring the Theatre of Nantes and famous brasserie ''La Cigale''.
Crebillon street and Orleans street lined with luxury boutiques linked by the Place Royale.
The new ''Palais de Justice'' (court house); built in 2000 and designed by Jean Nouvel.
''La Tour LU'' (the LU Tower); a tower standing the entrance of the former Lefèvre-Utile biscuit factory.
Beaujoire Stadium; Nantes' largest sports stadium, home of FC Nantes football club.
''Le Marché de Talensac'' (Talensac Market); the main and historical public market.
Gardens and parks
Jardin des plantes de Nantes
The Parc de Procé (Park of Procé)
Leisure
Nantes has several cinemas including:
Katorza
Le Cinématographe ; the oldest cinema in Nantes
Gaumont Nantes; centrally located at Place du Commerce in the heart of the city.
Concorde; a historic cinema in central Nantes.
Pathé Atlantis; Nantes' biggest cinema, also located in the borough of Saint-Herblain, in the Atlantis commercial zone.
Concert halls
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Nantes Zénith (concert hall); France's largest and newest, which can hold 8,500 people.
Théâtre Graslin (Graslin Theatre); ''Angers-Nantes opera'' house with the ''Grand Théâtre'' of Angers & historic theatre.
Lieu Unique; located in the former LU biscuit factory.
Olympic; built in an old cinema in 1927.
Carrière; located in the borough of Saint-Herblain.
Trocardière; located in the borough of Rezé.
Onyx; located in the Atlantis commercial zone, designed by Jean Nouvel.
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Pannonica.
Cité des congrès.
Terrain Neutre Théatre.
Bouche D'Air.
Theatre universitaire (''University Theatre'').
|}
Culture
Cultural events
Nantes hosts quite a few cultural events of note, of which these are just a few:
Estuaire, a contemporary art exhibition that takes place every two years between Nantes and Saint-Nazaire (along the Loire estuary).
Les Rendez-vous de l'Erdre, a jazz festival centered around the Erdre river.
Les rencontres du fleuve, a festival centered around ships and the river.
Le Festival Eidos du film d'environnement et de développement durable, a cinema festival themed around the environment and sustainability.
The Festival des trois continents, dedicated to African, Asian and South American cinema.
La Folle Journée, a classical music festival,
Les Utopiales, international science fiction convention,
The Festival Voisinages, various theatre performances (Théâtre du Grand T, Théâtre universitaire de Nantes, salle Onyx de Saint-Herblain).
Music and artistic creation
There are quite a few bands from Nantes who play different genres but are not well known outside of France.
The Celtic band ''Tri Yann'' was originally known as ''Tri Yann an Naoned'' (the three Johns from Nantes).
The DJ group ''C2C'', champion of the Disco Mix Club World Team DJ Championship four years in a row (2003–2006) is native of Nantes.
The Hip Hop group Hocus Pocus is from Nantes.
17-year-old electropop producer Madeon is a native of Nantes.
To see a list of Bands from Nantes, see :fr:Rock à Nantes (French).
Royal de Luxe street theater company, famous for its performance featuring giant puppets, is based in Nantes.
Food
Galettes, which are a heavier, less sweet version of the crepe, are traditional fare in Bretagne, the region in which Nantes historically resides. Galettes can be eaten at any time of the day, feature buckwheat flour, and are usually filled with meat, eggs, cheese, or a variety of other things. However, they are much less of a dessert food than the traditional crepes.
Sport
The local
football team is
FC Nantes, members of the Championnat
Ligue 2 for 2011-12 season but previously
French champions on eight occasions and
Coupe de France winners three times. Former players include:
Didier Deschamps,
Marcel Desailly and
Fabien Barthez who were members of the France team that won the 1998 World Cup whilst other notable players are
Maxime Bossis,
Philippe Gondet,
Henri Michel and
Mickaël Landreau.
Gregory Tade, who played for Scottish club Raith Rovers, was born in Nantes.
During the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, Nantes hosted a number of matches including England against Samoa and Wales against Fiji.
Media
Local television channels
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Nantes 7.
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Télénantes.
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France 3 Pays de la Loire.
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Radio stations
Nova @ 87.8
Rires Et Chansons @ 88.4
MFM Sud Loire @ 88.8
Alouette @ 89.5
RFM @ 90.1
France-Inter @ 90.6
JET FM @ 91.2
Radio Prun' @ 92.0
Radio SUN @ 93.0
Virgin Radio @ 94.7
FIP Nantes @ 95.7
AlterNantesFM @ 98.1
Hit West @ 100.9
Radio France Bleu Loire-Ocean @ 101.8
NRJ @ 102.4
Fidélité @ 103.8
RTL @ 104.3
Europe 1 @ 104.7
France Infos @ 105.5
Cherie FM @ 106.2
Radio Classique @ 106.7
BFM @ 107.2
Local newspapers
Newspapers for sale:
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''Ouest France''
''L'Eclair''
''Le Journal Des Entreprises''
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''Nantes Poche''
''Nouvel Ouest''
''Presse Ocean''
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Free newspapers:
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''Kostar''
''La Lettre A Lulu''
''Le Mois Nantais''
''Fragil''
''Métro''
''20 Minutes''
''Nantes Attitude''
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''Nantes Passion''
''Pil''
''Pulsomatic''
''People Nantes''
''INSITU Nantes''
''Bretagne Plus''
''Direct Soir''
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Site Internet Locaux:
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''Nantes Metropole''
''Nantes Métropole Développement''
''La ville de Nantes''
''Garde d'enfants à Nantes ''
''L'office de tourisme''
''L'aéroport de Nantes''
''Université de Nantes''
|}
Famous Nantais
Anne of Brittany, Duchess of Brittany and Queen of France (the only woman to have married two kings of France, Charles VIII and Louis XII)
Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray, composer and professor (Prix de Rome laureate)
Claire Bretécher, cartoonist
Aristide Briand, French statesman (1926 Nobel Peace Prize laureate)
Claude Cahun (born Lucy Schwob), photographer and author
Olivier Elima, France national rugby league team captain.
Pierre Cambronne, general (commander of the Old Guard at Waterloo)
Jacques Cassard, corsair
Jeanne Cherhal, singer and songwriter
Jacques Demy, movie director
Jean Graton, cartoonist (creator of "Michel Vaillant")
Linda Hardy, actress and top model (Miss France 1992)
Paul Ladmirault, composer
Julien de Lallande Poydras, New Orleans member of the United States House of Representatives
Christophe-Léon-Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, general and politician (commander of the Papal army)
Joseph Malègue, Catholic novelist.
Suzanne Malherbe (aka Marcel Moore), illustrator and designer
Patrice Martin, water skier (12-time world champion)
Anna Mouglalis, actress
Benoit Regent, actor
Claude Sérillon, journalist
Éric Tabarly, sailor
Jérémy Toulalan, footballer
Jules Verne, author
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, politician
Paul de la Gironière, king of Jalajala
Jean-Luc Courcoult, founder and director of Royal de Luxe street theater company
Madeon , a 17 year old house music producer
International relations
Twin towns
Nantes has
town twinning and cooperation agreements with:
{| cellpadding="10"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
Cardiff,
Wales,
UK since 1964
Saarbrücken, Germany, since 1965
Tbilisi, Georgia, since 1979
Seattle,
Washington, U.S., since 1980
Jacksonville, Florida, U.S., since 1985
||
Cluj-Napoca, Romania, since 1991
Rufisque, Senegal, since 1992
Agadir, Morocco, since 1993
Niigata, Japan, since 1999
Cochabamba, Bolivia, since 1999
||
Dschang, Cameroon, since 2002
Recife, Brazil, since 2003
Durban, South Africa, since 2004
Qingdao, China, since 2005
Suncheon, South Korea, since 2007
|}
Friendship relations
The city has friendship relations with:
Guinea, since 1992
St. Martinville, Louisiana, U.S., since 1993
Jericho,
West Bank, since 2001
Desdunes and
Petionville, Haiti, since 2005
Nantes, Quebec, Canada, since 2009
References
Notes
External links
Official website of the city of Nantes
Nantes Tourist Office Official Website
(TAN) Nantes public transport official website
Nantes Atlantique International Airport website
Official website of Nantes' Castle
Rugby World Cup 2007 in Nantes
A Photo Gallery of Nantes
Category:Communes of Loire-Atlantique
Category:Companions of the Liberation
Category:Cities in France
Category:Prefectures in France
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