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May 11, 2012
Category: Academics • Politics
Meet Jeff Flake from Arizona. His number one goal is the destruction of the federal government, one piece at a time. His first target: the National Science Foundation. The NSF funds a big chunk of the country's basic research to the tune of about $7 billion/year, and Flake proposed cutting it by a billion dollars.
He didn't get what he wanted, fortunately.
But now he's fallen back on the tricks of anti-science demagogues everywhere, falling back on using his ignorance to justify gutting programs, one by one. He's managed to block funding of all political science research through NSF, because, he says, they're "meritless" and "These studies might satisfy the curiosities of a few academics, but I seriously doubt society will benefit from them".
What did he single out as worthy of cutting?
A project to "develop a new model for international climate change analysis" — apparently, if you close your eyes to a problem, it goes away.
"Understanding the origins of the gender gap in political ambition," a project to identify why young people aren't running for office. Oh, that one we can cut, because the reason is obvious: because the offices are full of assholes like Flake.
Strangely, Flake has an MA in political science. I guess he thinks his degree is worthless, not realizing that it's not the diploma, it's the brain behind it.
(Also on FtB)
Posted by PZ Myers at 10:01 AM • 9 Comments
May 7, 2012
Category: Organisms
(via Listverse)
Posted by PZ Myers at 9:49 PM • 2 Comments
Category: Evolution • Organisms
No, dinosaurs did not fart themselves to death. This is what happens when you get your information from Fox News.
Dinosaurs may have farted themselves to extinction, according to a new study from British scientists.
The researchers calculated that the prehistoric beasts pumped out more than 520 million tons (472 million tonnes) of methane a year -- enough to warm the planet and hasten their own eventual demise.
Until now, an asteroid strike and volcanic activity around 65 million years ago had seemed the most likely cause of their extinction.
So I read the paper. The researchers didn't say that at all. There is nothing about extinction in the paper; it would have been ridiculous and I was prepared to dismiss such a claim without even reading the paper (the Jurassic lasted 55 million years, the Cretaceous 80 million, with dinosaurs farting away throughout). But the paper makes no such claim, instead suggesting that the mass of herbivores during the Mesozoic would have made a substantial, but stable, contribution of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere that may have been partially responsible for the warmer, moister climate of the era and the greater primary production.
Take together, our calculations suggest that sauropod dinosaurs could potentially have played a significant role in influencing climate through their methane emissions. Even if our 520 Tg estimate is overstated by a factor of 2, it suggests that global methane emission from Mesozoic sauropods alone was capable of sustaining an atmospheric methane mixing ratio of 1 to 2 ppm. Equally, our estimate may be understated by a similar factor, (i.e. possibly supporting 4 ppm methane). In the warm wet Mesozoic world, wetlands, forest fires, and leaking gasfields may have added around another 4 ppm methane to the air. Thus, a Mesozoic methane mixing ratio of 6-8 ppm seems very plausible.
The Mesozoic trend to sauropod gigantism led to the evolution of immense microbial vats unequalled in modern land animals. Methane was probably important in Mesozoic greenhouse warming. Our simple proof-of-concept model suggests greenhouse warming by sauropod megaherbivores could have been significant in sustaining warm climates. Although dinosaurs are unique in the large body sizes they achieved, there may have been other occasions in the past where animal-produced methane contributed substantially to global environmental gas composition: for example, it has been speculated that the extinction of megafauna coincident with human colonisation of the Americas may be related to a reduction of atmospheric methane levels.
See? A reasonable conclusion, not Fox News sensationalism.
But here's the information you really wanted to know: they estimate that a medium-sized sauropod would have farted out 2675 liters of gas a day. Happy now? Impressed?
Wilkinson DM, Nisbet EG, Ruxton GD (2012) Could methane produced by sauropod dinosaurs have helped drive Mesozoic climate warmth? Current Biology 22(9):292-293.
Posted by PZ Myers at 1:50 PM • 34 Comments
Category: Development • Evolution • Genetics • Molecular Biology • Science
Vertebrates are modified segmented worms; that is, their body plan is made up of sequentially repeated units, most apparent in skeletal structures like the vertebrae.
Arthropods are also modified segmented worms. Look at a larval fly, for instance, and you can see they are made up of rings stacked together.
So here's a simple and obvious question: can we infer that the last common ancestor of vertebrates and arthropods was also a segmented worm? That is, is segmentation a common ancestral trait, or did arthropods and vertebrates invent it independently? At first thought, you might assume they are: it's a complex trait shared by two taxa, so the simplest assumption is that both groups inherited it from their common ancestor (making it a synapomorphy), but there are also substantial differences in the mechanism of segmentation, so it's possible that this trait wasn't present in the common ancestor (making it a homoplasy).
Read on »
Posted by PZ Myers at 1:12 PM • 12 Comments
May 4, 2012
Category: Creationism
As regulars here may know, I've been getting crank email from John A. Davison for many years now. Until recently, he was sending me his tirades almost every day — and they were just piling up in my spam folder. He was remarkably persistent.
Here is his very last email to me, fished up out of that spam folder, from 26 March.
Stuart "mad dog" Campbell
So the heir apparent to Pee Zee Myers has finally joined that degenerate pig by pretending that WE do not exist. You are in great company. The question you should be asking yourself is - why am I the only one treating Davison with naked contempt? Now, finally, all six of you are doing what all your predecessors have always done, fervently praying that your silence will somehow prevail. It sure took you long enough to join with the others and you still have not shared your monumental ignorance, bigotry and vicious personality with another Natural Selectionist (NSist) You are all pathetic, but you Stuart Campbell are the worst of the lot by far.
----- Original Message -----
From: john a davison
To: Staurt Campbell
Sent: Monday, March 26, 2012 9:40 AM
Check my weblog again you cowardly, snotty little worm.
John A. Davison, Professor of Biology Emeritus, University of Vermont. L4 Grandview Drive, South Burlington, VT 05403
webpage jadavison.wordpress.com
There are about 50 others in there (I really need to flush out that folder), and they're all this same incoherent angry ranting, the same attitude that got him banned for his obsessive commenting all over the net.
That was definitely the last message I'll ever be getting from him. Shortly after sending that, he was diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer, and succumbed rapidly: John A Davison died last week.
His favorite catch phrase, typically used in all kinds of weirdly inappropriate situations, was "I love it so". I can't use it here — I'm just sorry he wasted so much of his life flailing wildly for his failed cause, creationism. At least it sounds like he refocused his life on his family in his last weeks.
Posted by PZ Myers at 5:01 PM • 16 Comments
May 2, 2012
Category: Organisms
I think I saw this tree in a Dr Seuss book once upon a time. Unfortunately, all the source says about is that it is "typical habitat of the Western Clawless Upside-down Fly, Nothoastia clausa." That belongs in Dr Seuss, too.
(Also on FtB)
Posted by PZ Myers at 9:11 PM • 7 Comments
May 1, 2012
Category: Evolution • Science
The latest Carnival of Evolution is at Evolving Thoughts, hosted by that guy Wilkins who usually covers the philosophical beat…but we'll let him out of that cage this one time.
The Carnival of Evolution 48 will be held right here, on Pharyngula. You can submit entries via the carnival widget; get them in before 1 June, or I'll ignore them and they'll be passed on to the next carnival host, who doesn't exist. And therefore doesn't have a blog. Which means your carefully crafted science post will be shipped off to dev:null. So you might also consider volunteering for the hosting duties some time. The electrons you save might be your own.
(Also on FtB)
Posted by PZ Myers at 10:01 AM • 0 Comments
April 30, 2012
Category: Organisms
(via NatGeo)
(Also on FtB)
Posted by PZ Myers at 8:16 PM • 4 Comments
…and this is a 
