Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
Name	Saint Jerome
Birth date	c. 347
Death date	420
Feast day	30 September (Western Christianity)15 June (Eastern Christianity)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic ChurchEastern OrthodoxyAnglican CommunionLutheranismOriental OrthodoxyAglipayan Church
Birth place	Stridon (possibly Strido), on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia
Death place	Bethlehem, Judea
Titles	Priest, Confessor, Theologian, Historian and Doctor of the Church
Attributes	lion, cardinal attire, cross, skull, trumpet, owl, books and writing material
Patronage	archeologists; archivists; Bible scholars; librarians; libraries; school children; students; translators
Major shrine	Basilica of Saint Mary Major, Rome, Italy
Major works	''The Vulgate''''De viris illustribus''''Chronicon''
Prayer	O Lord, show your mercy to me and gladden my heart. I am like the man on the way to Jericho who was overtaken by robbers, wounded and left for dead. O Good Samaritan, come to my aid, I am like the sheep that went astray. O Good Shepherd, seek me out and bring me home in accord with your will. Let me dwell in your house all the days of my life and praise you for ever and ever with those who are there.
Prayer attrib	Saint Jerome }}

St. Jerome (c. 347 – 30 September 420) (formerly Saint Hierom) (; ) was a Roman Catholic priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for his translation of the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate), and his list of writings is extensive.

He is recognized by the Catholic Church as a saint and Doctor of the Church, and the Vulgate is still an important text in Catholicism. He is also recognized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, where he is known as ''St. Jerome of Stridonium'' or ''Blessed Jerome''.

Life

Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus , was born at Stridon around 347,. He was not baptized until about 360 or 366, when he had gone to Rome with his friend Bonosus (who may or may not have been the same Bonosus whom Jerome identifies as his friend who went to live as a hermit on an island in the Adriatic) to pursue rhetorical and philosophical studies. He studied under the grammarian Aelius Donatus. There Jerome learned Latin and at least some Greek, though probably not the familiarity with Greek literature he would later claim to have acquired as a schoolboy.

As a student in Rome, he engaged in the superficial activities of students there, which he indulged in quite casually but suffered terrible bouts of repentance afterwards. To appease his conscience, he would visit on Sundays the sepulchers of the martyrs and the Apostles in the catacombs. This experience would remind him of the terrors of hell:

Jerome used a quote from Vergil — “The horror and the silences terrified their souls” — to describe the horror of hell. Jerome initially used classical authors to describe Christian concepts such as hell that indicated both his classical education and his deep shame of their associated practices, such as pederasty. Although initially skeptical of Christianity, he was eventually converted. After several years in Rome, he travelled with Bonosus to Gaul and settled in Trier where he seems to have first taken up theological studies, and where he copied, for his friend Tyrannius Rufinus, Hilary of Poitiers' commentary on the ''Psalms'' and the treatise ''De synodis''. Next came a stay of at least several months, or possibly years, with Rufinus at Aquileia, where he made many Christian friends.

Some of these accompanied him when he set out about 373 on a journey through Thrace and Asia Minor into northern Syria. At Antioch, where he stayed the longest, two of his companions died and he himself was seriously ill more than once. During one of these illnesses (about the winter of 373–374), he had a vision that led him to lay aside his secular studies and devote himself to God. He seems to have abstained for a considerable time from the study of the classics and to have plunged deeply into that of the Bible, under the impulse of Apollinaris of Laodicea, then teaching in Antioch and not yet suspected of heresy.

Seized with a desire for a life of ascetic penance, he went for a time to the desert of Chalcis, to the southwest of Antioch, known as the Syrian Thebaid, from the number of hermits inhabiting it. During this period, he seems to have found time for study and writing. He made his first attempt to learn Hebrew under the guidance of a converted Jew; and he seems to have been in correspondence with Jewish Christians in Antioch. Around this time he had copied for him a Hebrew Gospel, of which fragments are preserved in his notes are known today as the Gospel of the Hebrews, and which the Nazarenes considered was the true Gospel of Matthew. Jerome translated parts of this Hebrew Gospel into Greek.

Returning to Antioch in 378 or 379, he was ordained by Bishop Paulinus, apparently unwillingly and on condition that he continue his ascetic life. Soon afterward, he went to Constantinople to pursue a study of Scripture under Gregory Nazianzen. He seems to have spent two years there; the next three (382-385) he was in Rome again, attached to Pope Damasus I and the leading Roman Christians. Invited originally for the synod of 382, held to end the schism of Antioch, he made himself indispensable to the pope, and took a prominent place in his councils.

Among his other duties, he undertook a revision of the Latin Bible, to be based on the Greek New Testament. He also updated the Psalter then at use in Rome based on the Septuagint. Though he did not realize it yet, translating much of what became the Latin Vulgate Bible would take many years, and be his most important achievement (see Writings- Translations section below).

In Rome he was surrounded by a circle of well-born and well-educated women, including some from the noblest patrician families, such as the widows Lea, Marcella and Paula, with their daughters Blaesilla and Eustochium. The resulting inclination of these women to the monastic life, and his unsparing criticism of the secular clergy, brought a growing hostility against him among the clergy and their supporters. Soon after the death of his patron Damasus (10 December 384), Jerome was forced to leave his position at Rome after an inquiry by the Roman clergy into allegations that he had an improper relationship with the widow Paula.

Additionally, his condemnation of Blaesilla's hedonistic lifestyle had led her to adopt aescetic practices, but worsened her physical weakness to the point that she died just four months after starting to follow his instructions; much of the Roman populace were outraged at Jerome for causing the premature death of such a lively young woman, and his insistence to Paula that Blaesilla should not be mourned, and complaints that her grief was excessive, were seen as heartless, polarising Roman opinion against him.

In August 385, he returned to Antioch, accompanied by his brother Paulinianus and several friends, and followed a little later by Paula and Eustochium, who had resolved to end their days in the Holy Land. In the winter of 385, Jerome acted as their spiritual adviser. The pilgrims, joined by Bishop Paulinus of Antioch, visited Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and the holy places of Galilee, and then went to Egypt, the home of the great heroes of the ascetic life.

At the Catechetical School of Alexandria, Jerome listened to the catechist Didymus the Blind expounding the prophet Hosea and telling his reminiscences of Anthony the Great, who had died 30 years before; he spent some time in Nitria, admiring the disciplined community life of the numerous inhabitants of that "city of the Lord," but detecting even there "concealed serpents," i.e., the influence of Origen of Alexandria. Late in the summer of 388 he was back in Israel, and spent the remainder of his life in a hermit's cell near Bethlehem, surrounded by a few friends, both men and women (including Paula and Eustochium), to whom he acted as priestly guide and teacher.

Amply provided by Paula with the means of livelihood and of increasing his collection of books, he led a life of incessant activity in literary production. To these last 34 years of his career belong the most important of his works; his version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew text, the best of his scriptural commentaries, his catalogue of Christian authors, and the dialogue against the Pelagians, the literary perfection of which even an opponent recognized. To this period also belong most of his polemics, which distinguished him among the orthodox Fathers, including the treatises against the Origenism of Bishop John II of Jerusalem and his early friend Rufinus. As a result of his writings against Pelagianism, a body of excited partisans broke into the monastic buildings, set them on fire, attacked the inmates and killed a deacon, forcing Jerome to seek safety in a neighboring fortress (416).

Jerome died near Bethlehem on 30 September 420. The date of his death is given by the ''Chronicon'' of Prosper of Aquitaine. His remains, originally buried at Bethlehem, are said to have been later transferred to the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, though other places in the West claim some relics — the cathedral at Nepi boasting possession of his head, which, according to another tradition, is in the Escorial.

Translations and commentaries

Jerome was a scholar at a time when that statement implied a fluency in Greek. He knew some Hebrew when he started his translation project, but moved to Jerusalem to strengthen his grip on Jewish scripture commentary. A wealthy Roman aristocrat, Paula, funded his stay in a monastery in Bethlehem and he completed his translation there. He began in 382 by correcting the existing Latin language version of the New Testament, commonly referred to as the Vetus Latina. By 390 he turned to the Hebrew Bible, having previously translated portions from the Septuagint. He completed this work by 405. Prior to Jerome's Vulgate, all Latin translations of the Old Testament were based on the Septuagint. Jerome's decision to use a Hebrew text instead of the Septuagint went against the advice of most other Christians, including Augustine, who considered the Septuagint inspired. Modern scholarship, however, has cast doubts on the actual quality of Jerome's Hebrew knowledge; the Greek Hexapla is now considered as still the main source also for Jerome's "iuxta Hebraeos" translation of the Old Testament.

For the next 15 years, until he died, Jerome produced a number of commentaries on Scripture, often explaining his translation choices. His patristic commentaries align closely with Jewish tradition, and he indulges in allegorical and mystical subtleties after the manner of Philo and the Alexandrian school. Unlike his contemporaries, he emphasizes the difference between the Hebrew Bible "apocrypha" and the ''Hebraica veritas'' of the protocanonical books. Evidence of this can be found in his introductions to the Solomonic writings, the Book of Tobit, and the Book of Judith. Most notable, however, is the statement from his introduction to the Books of Samuel:

This preface to the Scriptures may serve as a helmeted [i.e. defensive] introduction to all the books which we turn from Hebrew into Latin, so that we may be assured that what is outside of them must be placed aside among the Apocryphal writings.

Jerome's commentaries fall into three groups:

His translations or recastings of Greek predecessors, including fourteen homilies on the Book of Jeremiah and the same number on the Book of Ezekiel by Origen (translated ca. 380 in Constantinople); two homilies of Origen of Alexandria on the Song of Solomon (in Rome, ca. 383); and thirty-nine on the Gospel of Luke (ca. 389, in Bethlehem). The nine homilies of Origen on the Book of Isaiah included among his works were not done by him. Here should be mentioned, as an important contribution to the topography of Israel, his book ''De situ et nominibus locorum Hebraeorum,'' a translation with additions and some regrettable omissions of the ''Onomasticon'' of Eusebius. To the same period (ca. 390) belongs the ''Liber interpretationis nominum Hebraicorum'', based on a work supposed to go back to Philo and expanded by Origen.

Original commentaries on the Old Testament. To the period before his settlement at Bethlehem and the following five years belong a series of short Old Testament studies: ''De seraphim'', ''De voce Osanna'', ''De tribus quaestionibus veteris legis'' (usually included among the letters as 18, 20, and 36); ''Quaestiones hebraicae in Genesim''; ''Commentarius in Ecclesiasten''; ''Tractatus septem in Psalmos 10-16'' (lost); ''Explanationes in Michaeam'', ''Sophoniam'', ''Nahum'', ''Habacuc'', ''Aggaeum.'' After 395 he composed a series of longer commentaries, though in rather a desultory fashion: first on Jonah and Obadiah (396), then on Isaiah (ca. 395-ca. 400), on Zechariah, Malachi, Hoseah, Joel, Amos (from 406), on the Book of Daniel (ca. 407), on Ezekiel (between 410 and 415), and on Jeremiah (after 415, left unfinished).

New Testament commentaries. These include only Philemon, Galatians, Ephesians, and Titus (hastily composed 387-388); Matthew (dictated in a fortnight, 398); Mark, selected passages in Luke, Revelation, and the prologue to the Gospel of John. Treating Revelation in his cursory fashion, he made use of an excerpt from the commentary of the North African Tichonius, which is preserved as a sort of argument at the beginning of the more extended work of the Spanish presbyter Beatus of Liébana. But before this he had already devoted to the Revelation another treatment, a rather arbitrary recasting of the commentary of Saint Victorinus, with whose chiliastic views he was not in accord, substituting for the chiliastic conclusion a spiritualizing exposition of his own, supplying an introduction, and making certain changes in the text.

The works of Hippolytus of Rome and Irenaeus greatly influenced Jerome's interpretation of prophecy. He noted the distinction between the original Septuagint and Theodotion's later substitution.

Jerome warned that those substituting false interpretations for the actual meaning of Scripture belonged to the “synagogue of the Antichrist”. “He that is not of Christ is of Antichrist,” he wrote to Pope Damasus I. He believed that “the mystery of iniquity” written about by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:7 was already in action when “every one chatters about his views.” To Jerome, the power restraining this mystery of iniquity was the Roman Empire, but as it fell this restraining force was removed. He warned a noble woman of Gaul:

“He that letteth is taken out of the way, and yet we do not realize that Antichrist is near. Yes, Antichrist is near whom the Lord Jesus Christ “shall consume with the spirit of his mouth.” “Woe unto them,” he cries, “that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days.”... Savage tribes in countless numbers have overrun run all parts of Gaul. The whole country between the Alps and the Pyrenees, between the Rhine and the Ocean, has been laid waste by hordes of Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Gepids, Herules, Saxons, Burgundians, Allemanni, and—alas! for the commonweal!-- even Pannonians.

His ''Commentary on Daniel'' was expressly written to offset the criticisms of Porphyry, who taught that Daniel related entirely to the time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and was written by an unknown individual living in the 2nd century BC. Against Porphyry, Jerome identified Rome as the fourth kingdom of chapters two and seven, but his view of chapters eight and 11 was more complex. Jerome held that chapter eight describes the activity of Antiochus Epiphanes, who is understood as a "type" of a future antichrist; 11:24 onwards applies primarily to a future antichrist but was partially fulfilled by Antiochus. Instead, he advocated that the “little horn” was the Antichrist:

We should therefore concur with the traditional interpretation of all the commentators of the Christian Church, that at the end of the world, when the Roman Empire is to be destroyed, there shall be ten kings who will partition the Roman world amongst themselves. Then an insignificant eleventh king will arise, who will overcome three of the ten kings... after they have been slain, the seven other kings also will bow their necks to the victor.

In his Commentary on Daniel, he noted, “Let us not follow the opinion of some commentators and suppose him to be either the Devil or some demon, but rather, one of the human race, in whom Satan will wholly take up his residence in bodily form.” In interpreting 2 Thessalonians's claim that the Antichrist will sit in God's temple, Jerome preferred the view that the "temple" should be interpreted as the Church, not as the Temple in Jerusalem.

Jerome identified the four prophetic kingdoms symbolized in Daniel 2 as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Medes and Persians, Macedon, and Rome. Jerome identified the stone cut out without hands as "namely, the Lord and Savior".

Jerome refuted Porphyry's application of the little horn of chapter seven to Antiochus. He expected that at the end of the world, Rome would be destroyed, and partitioned among ten kingdoms before the little horn appeared.

Jerome believed that Cyrus of Persia is the higher of the two horns of the Medo-Persian ram of Daniel 8:3. The he-goat is Greece smiting Persia. Alexander is the great horn, which is then succeeded by Alexander's half brother Philip and three of his generals.

Historical and hagiographic writings

Jerome is also known as a historian. One of his earliest historical works was his ''Chronicle'' (or ''Chronicon'' or ''Temporum liber''), composed ca. 380 in Constantinople; this is a translation into Latin of the chronological tables which compose the second part of the ''Chronicon'' of Eusebius, with a supplement covering the period from 325 to 379. Despite numerous errors taken over from Eusebius, and some of his own, Jerome produced a valuable work, if only for the impulse which it gave to such later chroniclers as Prosper, Cassiodorus, and Victor of Tunnuna to continue his annals.

Important also is ''De viris illustribus'', written at Bethlehem in 392, the title and arrangement of which are borrowed from Suetonius. It contains short biographical and literary notes on 135 Christian authors, from Saint Peter down to Jerome himself. For the first seventy-eight authors Eusebius (''Historia ecclesiastica'') is the main source; in the second section, beginning with Arnobius and Lactantius, he includes a good deal of independent information, especially as to western writers.

Four works of a hagiographic nature are:

the ''Vita Pauli monachi,'' written during his first sojourn at Antioch (ca. 376), the legendary material of which is derived from Egyptian monastic tradition;

the ''Vitae Patrum (Vita Pauli primi eremitae),'' a biography of Saint Paul of Thebes;

the ''Vita Malchi monachi captivi'' (ca. 391), probably based on an earlier work, although it purports to be derived from the oral communications of the aged ascetic Malchus originally made to him in the desert of Chalcis;

the ''Vita Hilarionis,'' of the same date, containing more trustworthy historical matter than the other two, and based partly on the biography of Epiphanius and partly on oral tradition.

The so-called ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' is spurious; it was apparently composed by a western monk toward the end of the 6th or beginning of the 7th century, with reference to an expression of Jerome's in the opening chapter of the ''Vita Malchi,'' where he speaks of intending to write a history of the saints and martyrs from the apostolic times.

Letters

Jerome's letters or epistles, both by the great variety of their subjects and by their qualities of style, form an important portion of his literary remains. Whether he is discussing problems of scholarship, or reasoning on cases of conscience, comforting the afflicted, or saying pleasant things to his friends, scourging the vices and corruptions of the time, exhorting to the ascetic life and renunciation of the world, or breaking a lance with his theological opponents, he gives a vivid picture not only of his own mind, but of the age and its peculiar characteristics.

The letters most frequently reprinted or referred to are of a hortatory nature, such as ''Ep. 14'', ''Ad Heliodorum de laude vitae solitariae''; ''Ep. 22'', ''Ad Eustochium de custodia virginitatis''; ''Ep. 52'', ''Ad Nepotianum de vita clericorum et monachorum,'' a sort of epitome of pastoral theology from the ascetic standpoint; ''Ep. 53'', ''Ad Paulinum de studio scripturarum''; ''Ep. 57'', to the same, ''De institutione monachi''; ''Ep. 70'', ''Ad Magnum de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis''; and ''Ep. 107'', ''Ad Laetam de institutione filiae.''

Theological writings

Practically all of Jerome's productions in the field of dogma have a more or less vehemently polemical character, and are directed against assailants of the orthodox doctrines. Even the translation of the treatise of Didymus the Blind on the Holy Spirit into Latin (begun in Rome 384, completed at Bethlehem) shows an apologetic tendency against the Arians and Pneumatomachoi. The same is true of his version of Origen's ''De principiis'' (ca. 399), intended to supersede the inaccurate translation by Rufinus. The more strictly polemical writings cover every period of his life. During the sojourns at Antioch and Constantinople he was mainly occupied with the Arian controversy, and especially with the schisms centering around Meletius of Antioch and Lucifer Calaritanus. Two letters to Pope Damasus (15 and 16) complain of the conduct of both parties at Antioch, the Meletians and Paulinians, who had tried to draw him into their controversy over the application of the terms ''ousia'' and ''hypostasis'' to the Trinity. At the same time or a little later (379) he composed his ''Liber Contra Luciferianos'', in which he cleverly uses the dialogue form to combat the tenets of that faction, particularly their rejection of baptism by heretics.

In Rome (ca. 383) he wrote a passionate counterblast against the teaching of Helvidius, in defense of the doctrine of The perpetual virginity of Mary and of the superiority of the single over the married state. An opponent of a somewhat similar nature was Jovinianus, with whom he came into conflict in 392 (''Adversus Jovinianum'', Against Jovinianus) and the defense of this work addressed to his friend Pammachius, numbered 48 in the letters). Once more he defended the ordinary Catholic practices of piety and his own ascetic ethics in 406 against the Gallic presbyter Vigilantius, who opposed the ''cultus'' of martyrs and relics, the vow of poverty, and clerical celibacy. Meanwhile the controversy with John II of Jerusalem and Rufinus concerning the orthodoxy of Origen occurred. To this period belong some of his most passionate and most comprehensive polemical works: the ''Contra Joannem Hierosolymitanum'' (398 or 399); the two closely connected ''Apologiae contra Rufinum'' (402); and the "last word" written a few months later, the ''Liber tertius seu ultima responsio adversus scripta Rufini.'' The last of his polemical works is the skilfully composed ''Dialogus contra Pelagianos'' (415).

Reception by later Christianity

Jerome is the second most voluminous writer (after St. Augustine) in ancient Latin Christianity. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is recognized as the patron saint of translators, librarians and encyclopedists.

He acquired a knowledge of Hebrew by studying with a Jew who converted to Christianity, and took the unusual position (for that time) that the Hebrew, and not the Septuagint, was the inspired text of the Old Testament. The traditional view is that he used this knowledge to translate what became known as the Vulgate, and his translation was slowly but eventually accepted in the Catholic Church. The later resurgence of Hebrew studies within Christianity owes much to him.

He showed more zeal and interest in the ascetic ideal than in abstract speculation. It was this strict asceticism that made Martin Luther judge him so severely. In fact, Protestant readers are not generally inclined to accept his writings as authoritative. The tendency to recognize a superior comes out in his correspondence with Augustine (cf. Jerome's letters numbered 56, 67, 102-105, 110-112, 115-116; and 28, 39, 40, 67-68, 71-75, 81-82 in Augustine's).

Despite the criticisms already mentioned, Jerome has retained a rank among the western Fathers. This would be his due, if for nothing else, on account of the great influence exercised by his Latin version of the Bible upon the subsequent ecclesiastical and theological development.

In art

In art, he is often represented as one of the four Latin doctors of the Church along with Augustine of Hippo, Ambrose, and Pope Gregory I. As a prominent member of the Roman clergy, he has often been portrayed anachronistically in the garb of a cardinal. Even when he is depicted as a half-clad anchorite, with cross, skull and Bible for the only furniture of his cell, the red hat or some other indication of his rank as cardinal is as a rule introduced somewhere in the picture.

He is also often depicted with a lion, "a figment" found in the twelfth-century ''Golden Legend'' by Jacobus de Voragine, and less often with an owl, the symbol of wisdom and scholarship. Hagiographies of Jerome talk of his having spent a lot of his years in the Syrian desert, and multiple artists have titled their works "St Jerome in the wilderness"; some of them include Pietro Perugino and Lambert Sustris. Writing materials and the trumpet of final judgment are also part of his iconography. He is commemorated on 30 September with a memorial.

See also

Church Fathers

Bible translations

Order of St. Jerome

Genesius of Arles

Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus

Ferdinand Cavallera

References

;Notes ;Bibliography

J.N.D. Kelly, "Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies" (Peabody, MA 1998)

S. Rebenich, "Jerome" (London and New York, 2002)

"Biblia Sacra Vulgata," Stuttgart, 1994. ISBN 3-438-05303-9

''This article uses material from Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religion.''

External links

St. Jerome (pdf) from Fr. Alban Butler's ''Lives of the Saints''

The Life of St. Jerome, Priest, Confessor and Doctor of the Church

Jewish Encyclopedia: Jerome

St. Jerome – Catholic Online

St Jerome (Hieronymus) of Stridonium Orthodox synaxarion

Early Church Fathers. Jerome: Great Translator

Latin texts

Chronological list of Jerome's Works with modern editions and translations cited

''Opera Omnia'' (Complete Works) from Migne edition (''Patrologia Latina'', 1844-1855) with analytical indexes, almost complete online edition

Facsimiles

Migne volume 23 part 1 (1883 edition)

Migne volume 23 part 2 (1883 edition)

Migne volume 24 (1845 edition)

Migne volume 25 part 1 (1884 edition)

Migne volume 25 part 2 (1884 edition)

Migne volume 28 (1890 edition?)

Migne volume 30 (1865 edition)

English translations

English translations of Biblical Prefaces, Commentary on Daniel, Chronicle, and Letter 120 (tertullian.org)

Jerome's Letter to Pope Damasus: Preface to the Gospels

English translation of Jerome's De Viris Illustribus

The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary

Lives of Famous Men (CCEL)

Apology Against Rufinus (CCEL)

Letters, The Life of Paulus the First Hermit, The Life of S. Hilarion, The Life of Malchus, the Captive Monk, The Dialogue Against the Luciferians, The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary, Against Jovinianus, Against Vigilantius, To Pammachius against John of Jerusalem, Against the Pelagians, Prefaces (CCEL)

Category:Translators of the Bible into Latin Category:Roman Catholic theologians Category:Christian apologists Category:Christian theologians Category:Christian vegetarians Category:Church Fathers Category:Doctors of the Church Category:Chronologists Category:Latin letter writers Category:Late Antique Latin-language writers Category:347 births Category:420 deaths Category:Translation scholars Category:5th-century historians Category:5th-century Christian saints Category:Burials in Bethlehem Category:Saints of the Golden Legend Category:4th-century Romans Category:5th-century Romans Category:Anglican saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar

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Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
name	Lykke Li
background	solo_singer
birth name	Li Lykke Timotej Zachrisson
birth date	March 18, 1986
birth place	Ystad, Skåne, Sweden
genre	Indie pop, indie rock, electronic, dream pop, Wonky pop
occupation	Singer-songwriter
years active	2007–present
label	LL, Atlantic
website	}}

Li Lykke Timotej Zachrisson (born 18 March 1986), better known by her stage name Lykke Li (), is a Swedish singer-songwriter. Her music often blends elements of pop, indie rock and electronic; various instruments can also be found in her songs, including violins, synthesizers, tambourines, trumpets, saxophones and cellos. Her debut album, ''Youth Novels'', was released in 2008.

Early life

Zachrisson was born in Ystad, Skåne; her mother is a photographer, and her father is a musician. The family moved to Stockholm when Zachrisson was a toddler and when she was six moved to a mountaintop in Portugal where they lived for five years. The family also spent time in Lisbon and Morocco, and winters in Nepal and India. She moved to the neighborhood of Bushwick, Brooklyn in New York for three months when she was 19. She returned when she was 21 to record her album.

Music career

Li had some success with the EP "Little Bit" in 2007. Stereogum named her an artist to watch in October 2007 and described her music as a mix of soul, electro and "powdered-sugar pop".

Li's debut album, ''Youth Novels'', was released on LL Recordings in the Nordic region on 30 January 2008 and received a wider European release in June 2008. The album was produced by Björn Yttling of Peter Bjorn and John and Lasse Mårtén and was reportedly inspired by a previous relationship of three years. It was released in the United States on 19 August 2008. The album was released in the UK and Ireland in June 2008, promoted by a performances of "Little Bit" on ''Later... with Jools Holland'' on 25 May 2008. Her second album ''Wounded Rhymes'' was released in 2011.

She appeared on Swedish musician Kleerup's self titled album, contributing vocals to the track "Until We Bleed". She also worked with Norwegian electronic duo Röyksopp on their 2009 album ''Junior'', contributing vocals to "Miss It So Much" and "Were You Ever Wanted".

Li appeared on ''Last Call with Carson Daly'' on 18 February 2009. She covered "Knocked Up", originally recorded by Kings of Leon who had approached Li to cover a song of her choice, and "Gifted" in which she performs with Kanye West. Going further mainstream, Li performed at the 2009 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 19 April, as well as the 2009 Lollapalooza festival on 8 August as part of the promotional tour for ''Youth Novels''.

A remixed version of her song "I'm Good, I'm Gone" was featured in the 2009 horror film ''Sorority Row''.

The song "Possibility" was written for the 2009 film ''The Twilight Saga: New Moon''. Li had been asked to write a song to the film soundtrack but she was reluctant to commit to the project. It was after she had seen an early screening of the film that she decided she wanted to contribute to the soundtrack. The soundtrack was released on 16 October 2009.

In September 2010, she was announced as the official face of the Levi's Curve ID Collection, alongside Pixie Geldof and Miss Nine.

Her song "Until We Bleed", which she sang with singer Kleerup, was featured on an episode of UK TV series ''Misfits''. On 13 December 2010, RCRD LBL premiered a Beck remix of "Get Some". A part of the song "I Follow Rivers" was covered by Tina Cohen-Chang (played by Jenna Ushkowitz) on the ''Glee'' episode "A Night of Neglect". The episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 19, 2011.

On 30 April 2011, she performed on ''Later... with Jools Holland'' in the UK, playing "Get Some", "Sadness Is a Blessing" and "I Follow Rivers".

Li played at the 2011 Latitude Festival, held between 14 and 18 July 2011 at Henham Park in Suffolk, England.

On Thursday, August 4th 2011, she appeared with her band on US late night talk show "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno"

Discography

;Albums

''Youth Novels'' (2008)

''Wounded Rhymes'' (2011)

;Singles

"I'm Good, I'm Gone" (2007)

"Little Bit" (2007)

"Breaking It Up" (2008)

"Tonight" (2009)

"Get Some" (2010)

"I Follow Rivers" (2011)

"Sadness Is a Blessing" (2011)

"Rich Kids Blues" (2011)

;B-sides

"I Don't Mind (Jump on It)" included on the Swedish and UK two-track single of "I'm Good, I'm Gone"

"After Laughter" split single with El Perro del Mar for Record Store Day 18 April 2009

"Until We Bleed" – Kleerup featuring Lykke Li included on the Swedish two-track single of "Tonight"

"Paris Blue" included on the "Get Some" single

;Guest appearances

"Until We Bleed" – Kleerup featuring Lykke Li (''Kleerup'', 2008)

"Gifted" – N.A.S.A. featuring Kanye West, Santogold and Lykke Li (''The Spirit of Apollo'', 2009)

"Little Bit" – Drake and Lykke Li (''So Far Gone'', 2009)

"Miss It So Much" – Röyksopp featuring Lykke Li (''Junior'', 2009)

"Were You Ever Wanted" – Röyksopp featuring Lykke Li (''Junior'', 2009) [Japanese bonus track]

"Knocked Up" (Lykke Li vs. Rodeo Remix) – Kings of Leon ("Use Somebody", 2008)

"Starchasers" (as a sample of "Little Bit") – Charles Hamilton (''It's Charles Hamilton'', 2008)

"Leaving You Behind" – Amanda Blank featuring Lykke Li (''I Love You'', 2009)

;Covers

"After Laughter Comes Tears" – originally recorded by Wendy Rene

"Can I Kick It?" – originally recorded by A Tribe Called Quest (regular live cover/performed with Q-Tip at MTVu Awards)

"Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa" – originally recorded by Vampire Weekend (regular live cover)

"Hustlin'" – originally recorded by Rick Ross

"Knocked Up" – originally recorded by and featuring Kings of Leon

"A Milli" – originally recorded by Lil Wayne

"Velvet" – originally recorded by The Big Pink

"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?" – originally recorded by The Shirelles

;Music videos

Year	Song	Director(s)
	"Breaking It Up"	Sarah Chatfield
"Little Bit"
"I'm Good, I'm Gone"
	"Possibility"	Marcus Palmqvist and Frode Fjerdingstad
"Get Some"	Johan Söderberg
	"I Follow Rivers"
"Sadness Is a Blessing"

Awards and nominations

|- |rowspan="2"| 2009 ||rowspan="2"|Lykke Li || 2009 Meteor Music Award for Best International Female || |- | Studio8's Female Voice of February 2009 ||

Remixes

Her song "I'm Good, I'm Gone" was remixed by Fred Falke and featured in Hed Kandi's Lounge 2009 "I'm Good, I'm Gone" was also covered by British group Friendly Fires in 2009. Her song "Little Bit" was remixed by Drake, as well as a bootleg remix by AutoErotique. Her song "Little Bit" was sampled and remixed by Charles Hamilton. Her song "Love until We Bleed" was remixed by QuESt. Her song "Dance, Dance, Dance" was remixed by Buraka Som Sistema. Her song "I'm Good, I'm Gone" was also remixed by 3OH!3 as a collaboration.

References

External links

Lykke Li on RCRD LBL

Category:1986 births Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:English-language singers Category:Indie pop musicians Category:Living people Category:People from Ystad Municipality Category:Swedish electronic musicians Category:Swedish female singers Category:Swedish pop singers Category:Swedish singer-songwriters

ca:Lykke Li cy:Lykke Li da:Lykke Li de:Lykke Li es:Lykke Li fr:Lykke Li it:Lykke Li he:ליקה לי lt:Lykke Li nl:Lykke Li no:Lykke Li pl:Lykke Li pt:Lykke Li ro:Lykke Li ru:Люкке Ли fi:Lykke Li sv:Lykke Li

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
Name	David Guetta
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Pierre David Guetta
Birth date	November 07, 1967
Birth place	Paris, France
Genre	House, electro house, hip house
Occupation	DJ, record producer, songwriter
Years active	1984–present
Label	EMI Music France, Virgin, Positiva, Astralwerks
Website	}}

Pierre David Guetta (7 November 1967), known professionally as David Guetta (), is a French house music producer and DJ. Originally a DJ at nightclubs during the 1980s and 1990s, he co-founded Gum Productions and released his first album, ''Just a Little More Love'', in 2002. Later, he released ''Guetta Blaster'' (2004) and ''Pop Life'' (2007). His 2009 album ''One Love'' included the hit singles "When Love Takes Over" (featuring Kelly Rowland), "Gettin' Over You" (featuring Chris Willis, Fergie & LMFAO) and "Sexy Bitch" (featuring Akon), the last becoming a top five hit in the United States and all three reaching #1 in the United Kingdom, as well as another internationally known single called "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi which became a top five hit in many countries. Guetta has sold over three million albums and 15 million singles worldwide. He is currently one of the most sought-after music producers. As of 2012, David Guetta is the world's most popular DJ, claiming the #1 poll position of the DJ Mag 100 popularity poll.

Biography

1984–2000: Early life and career

At age 17, Guetta began DJing at the Broad Club in Paris. He first played popular songs, and he discovered house music when he heard a Farley master Funk track on French radio in 1987. The next year, he began hosting his own club nights. In 1990, he released "Nation Rap", a hip-hop collaboration with French rapper Sidney Duteil.

In the mid 1990s Guetta played in clubs including Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, and Folies Pigalle. Released in 1994 Guetta's second single, a collaboration with American house vocalist Robert Owens titled "Up & Away", was a minor club hit. In 1994, David Guetta became the manager of ''Le Palace'' nightclub and he continued to organise parties there and in other clubs, such as the "Scream" parties in ''Les Bains Douches''.

2001–2006: ''Just a Little More Love'' and ''Guetta Blaster''

In 2001, David Guetta along with Joachim Garraud founded Gum Productions, and in the same year Guetta's first hit single, "Just a Little More Love", featuring American singer Chris Willis was released. Willis was vacationing in France when he met Guetta. Guetta's debut album ''Just a Little More Love'' was released in 2002 on Virgin Records and sold over 300,000 copies. The follow-up singles, ("Love Don't Let Me Go", "People Come People Go" and "Give Me Something"), were released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, ''Fuck Me I'm Famous'', in 2003, named after his party in Ibiza. It included "Just for One Day (Heroes)", a remix of David Bowie's song "Heroes". Later in his career, Guetta continued recording compilations under that title.

Guetta's second album, ''Guetta Blaster'', was released in 2004. It released four singles: "Money" and "Stay" featuring Chris Willis and "The World Is Mine" and "In Love With Myself" featuring JD Davis. In 2006 the ''Just a Little More Love'' single "Love Don't Let Me Go" was re-released as a mash-up with the Tocadisco remix of "Walking Away" by The Egg. The mash-up single entitled "Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)" was charted higher than the original release of the song.

2007–2008: ''Pop Life''

In 2007, Guetta's third album ''Pop Life'' was released. The album was successful in the UK and Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. According to EMI in 2010, the album has sold a total of 530,000 copies worldwide. The lead single "Love Is Gone" reached Number 1 on the American Dance Chart and charted on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100.

He played in many countries around the world to promote the album. He played in Mauritius in January 2008, accompanied by French rapper JoeyStarr. In the same year, he and his wife Cathy also planned a new event which took place in the Stade de France on 5 July 2008. The event was called "UNIGHTED", he performed with Tiësto, Carl Cox, Joachim Garraud and Martin Solveig in front of a crowd of 40,000.

In 2009, he was placed third in the "Top 100 DJs" poll by ''DJ Magazine'', and was elected "Best House DJ" by DJ Awards in 2008. Since April 2009, Guetta had his own radio show on the internet radio station RauteMusik on Saturday evening. The show was afterwards moved into Radio 538, being aired every Friday evening after ''Tiësto's Club Life''. Its name is ''DJ Mix''. Guetta performs a one-hour set of house music, presenting mainly new talents inside.

2009–2010: ''One Love'' and international breakthrough

David Guetta's fourth studio album, ''One Love'', was released in August 2009. Its first single "When Love Takes Over", which featured Kelly Rowland, peaked at #1 on the UK Singles Chart and topped many other countries worldwide. His second single from the album, "Sexy Bitch" featuring Akon, became his second #1 in the UK. "One Love" featuring Estelle, "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi and "Gettin' Over You" featuring Chris Willis, Fergie and LMFAO followed. As of May 2011 the album had sold three million copies worldwide. Guetta's fourth studio album ''One Love'' was nominated as "Best Electronic/Dance Album" at the 52nd Grammy Awards. His song "When Love Takes Over" featuring American R&B; singer Kelly Rowland received two nominations; Best Dance Recording and Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical, and won the latter. After conflicts over whether or not an album re-issue should go ahead, ''One More Love'' was released on 29 November 2010. First single, titled "Who's That Chick?" featuring Rihanna was released a few weeks prior.

On 16 June 2009, The Black Eyed Peas released the David Guetta-produced "I Gotta Feeling" as their second single from their fifth studio album, ''The E.N.D.''. It became a worldwide hit topping the charts in seventeen countries. It became the most downloaded song of all-time in the United States with almost 7.5 million downloads and in the United Kingdom selling more than 1 million copies. He was nominated twice for his work with The Black Eyed Peas at the 52nd Grammy Awards; in the category Record of the Year for "I Gotta Feeling" and Album of the Year for their album ''The E.N.D.''. In 2010, David Guetta co-wrote and produced Kelly Rowland's "Commander" from her third album ''Here I Am''. It peaked at number one on ''Billboard'''s Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the United States, and reached top ten positions in Belgium and the United Kingdom. Guetta has also co-produced "Forever and a Day", which was Kelly's next UK single from that album. Guetta also produced the singles "Acapella" and "Scream" for American singer-songwriter Kelis's fifth studio album, ''Flesh Tone'', released on 14 May 2010. "Acapella" was released as the lead single on 23 February 2010 and topped the dance charts in the United Kingdom and United States. On 28 June 2010 American rapper Flo Rida released the single "Club Can't Handle Me" featuring David Guetta. The song is included on the soundtrack album to the American 3D dance film ''Step Up 3D''.

2011–present: ''Nothing But the Beat''

Guetta's fifth studio album, ''Nothing But the Beat'' was released on August 30, 2011. It was released as a double-disc album; one disc being vocal and the other being electronic. The French DJ was inspired by rock bands such as Kings of Leon and Coldplay to add rock influences to his dance productions. "Where Them Girls At" featuring Nicki Minaj and Flo Rida, the first single off the album, was released worldwide on May 2, 2011. "Little Bad Girl" featuring Ludacris and Taio Cruz, was released as the second single on June 28, 2011. The third single "Without You" featuring Usher was released on September 27, 2011. Guetta also released three promotional singles for ''Nothing But the Beat'', "Titanium" featuring Sia, "Lunar" with Afrojack and "Night of Your Life" featuring Jennifer Hudson. The album also features the hit single "Sweat" with Snoop Dogg.

Guetta is also scheduled to perform alongside Nicky Romero and Nervo at London's Alexandra Palace on June 1, 2012.

Personal life

His father was a restaurateur of Moroccan Jewish descent, and his mother is of Belgian descent. He is married to socialite and night club manager Cathy Guetta; they have two children, Tim Elvis Eric (born 2004) and Angie (born 2007).

Discography

''Just a Little More Love'' (2002)

''Guetta Blaster'' (2004)

''Pop Life'' (2007)

''One Love'' (2009)

''Nothing but the Beat'' (2011)

Awards and nominations

{| class=wikitable |- !Year !Award !Category !Nominated work !Result |- ||2006 |rowspan="3"|DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |rowspan="4"|2007 |Best International DJ | | |- |Best Ibiza Night | | |- |World Music Awards |World's Best Selling DJ | | |- |TMF Awards |Best Dance Act | | |- |rowspan="2"|2008 |DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best French Act | | |- |rowspan="2"|2009 |DJ Awards |Best House DJ | | |- |DJ Magazine |Top 100 DJs | |bgcolor="tan"|3rd Place |- |rowspan="9"|2010 |rowspan="4"|Grammy Awards |Record of the Year |"I Gotta Feeling"(with The Black Eyed Peas) | |- |Best Dance Recording |rowspan="2"|"When Love Takes Over"(with Kelly Rowland) | |- |Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical | |- |Best Electronic/Dance Album |''One Love'' | |- |rowspan="3"|World Music Awards |Best DJ | | |- |Best Producer | | |- |Best Selling French artist | | |- ||NRJ Music Awards | International Album of the Year |''One Love'' | |- |DJ Magazine |Top 100 DJs | |bgcolor="silver"|2nd Place |- |rowspan="4"|2011 ||Grammy Awards |Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical |"|"Revolver"(with Madonna) | |- |rowspan="2"|MTV Europe Music Awards |Best Male | | |- |Best French Act | | |- |DJ Magazine |Top 100 DJs (#1 Position) | | |- |rowspan="3"|2012 |rowspan="1"|Brit Awards |International Male Solo Artist |Himself | |- |rowspan="2"|Grammy Awards |Best Dance Recording |"Sunshine" (w/ Avicii) | |- |Best Dance/Electronica Album |Nothing but the Beat | |}

References

External links

David Guetta official store

David Guetta information at Ultra Records

Review of 'Memories' on the Daily Music Guide

|title=David Guetta biography|publisher=Allmusic|author=David Jeffries|accessdate=2008-09-22}}

David Guetta in PACHA NEWS

David Guetta at Billboard.com

Review of 'Gettin Over you' on the Daily Music Guide

Category:1967 births Category:Astralwerks artists Category:Club DJs Category:French dance musicians Category:French DJs Category:French people of Belgian descent Category:French people of Jewish descent Category:French people of Moroccan descent Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Paris Category:World Music Awards winners

ar:دفيد جتا bg:Давид Гета bar:David Guetta bs:David Guetta br:David Guetta ca:David Guetta cs:David Guetta da:David Guetta de:David Guetta et:David Guetta el:Νταβίντ Γκετά es:David Guetta eo:David Guetta eu:David Guetta fa:داوید گتا fr:David Guetta ga:David Guetta gl:David Guetta ko:데이비드 게타 hr:David Guetta id:David Guetta is:David Guetta it:David Guetta he:דייוויד גואטה ka:დავიდ გეტა kk:Дэвид Гетта lv:Dāvids Geta lt:David Guetta hu:David Guetta mk:Дејвид Гета mn:Дэвид Гетта nl:David Guetta ja:デヴィッド・ゲッタ no:David Guetta pl:David Guetta pt:David Guetta ro:David Guetta ru:Гетта, Дэвид sq:David Guetta simple:David Guetta sk:David Guetta sl:David Guetta sr:Давид Гета fi:David Guetta sv:David Guetta tl:David Guetta th:เดวิด เกตตา tr:David Guetta uk:Давід Ґета vi:David Guetta zh:大衛·庫塔 (DJ)

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
name	Ace Hood
born	May 11, 1988Port St. Lucie, Florida, U.S.
background	solo_singer
origin	Deerfield Beach, Florida
genre	Hip Hop, Rap, Contemporary R&B;
occupation	Rapper, Songwriter
years active	2007-present
label	We the Best Music Group, Def Jam
associated acts	DJ Khaled, Rick Ross, Birdman, Brisco, T-Pain, Lloyd , Lil Wayne, Chris Brown
website	}}

Antoine McColister, (born May 11, 1988) better known by his stage name Ace Hood, is an American rapper. He is signed to DJ Khaled's label We the Best Music Group and Def Jam Recordings. His song "Top of the World" was also featured in the basketball simulation game, NBA 2K10.

Early life

Ace Hood was born in Port St. Lucie, Florida, on May 11, 1988 and was raised by his mother in Deerfield Beach, part of Broward County. He attended Deerfield Beach High School Following a football injury in the start of 11th grade, the Broward County native began to seriously consider rapping as a career.

Career

Early career

In 2007, he met DJ Khaled outside the offices of WEDR 99 Jamz, a South Florida radio station that mainly plays hip hop and contemporary R&B; music. After Ace gave him an autobiography and demo tape, Khaled asked Ace to rap over the instrumental of "I'm So Hood" and later signed Hood to his label, We the Best. Ace was named with several others to the Freshmen of 09 by ''XXL'' magazine.

2008: ''Gutta''

His first album, ''Gutta'', was released in 2008. Singles included "Cash Flow" featuring T-Pain and Rick Ross, and "Ride" featuring Trey Songz. Hood also released a mixtape, ''Ace Won't Fold'', and made a guest performance among several rappers on DJ Khaled's single "Out Here Grindin'". Ace Hood appeared on Wildstyle Radio with Rome and Hoss on WUAG 103.1FM in Greensboro, North Carolina, on September 7, 2008, to promote his album Gutta along with DJ Khaled. The album debuted at #36 on the Billboard 200, selling 25,000 copies its first week.

2009: ''Ruthless''

On June 30, 2009, seven months later, Ace Hood released his second album, titled ''Ruthless'', once again on Def Jam. The album's first single was "Overtime", which was produced by The Runners and featured Akon and T-Pain. The album's second single is "Loco Wit The Cake", which was produced by Schife, Palm Beach County Karbeen Mafia. The album's guest lists includes Rick Ross, Ludacris, Jazmine Sullivan, The-Dream, Birdman, and Lloyd. The album debuted at #23 on the Billboard 200, selling 20,000 copies its first week.

2011: ''Blood, Sweat, & Tears''

Ace Hood confirmed that his third album will be called, ''Blood, Sweat & Tears''. It was released on August 9, 2011. The first official single, "Hustle Hard", became Ace's highest charting solo single, peaking at #60 on the Billboard 100. The second official single is "Go 'N' Get It". Both tracks are produced by Lex Luger. The third single is "Body 2 Body" featuring Chris Brown and the song is produced by J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League. The album features artists like T-Pain, Yo Gotti, Kevin Cossom, Rick Ross & Lil' Wayne. The album debuted at #8 on the Billboard 200, selling 26,000 copies.

Awards, Nominations & Appearances

Ace Hood performed Hustle Hard Remix with DJ Khaled, Rick Ross and Lil Wayne at BET Awards 2011.

Discography

;Studio albums

2008: ''Gutta''

2009: ''Ruthless''

2011: ''Blood, Sweat & Tears''

References

Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:People from Port St. Lucie, Florida Category:Rappers from Miami, Florida Category:Def Jam Recordings artists Category:Southern hip hop musicians

cs:Ace Hood de:Ace Hood et:Ace Hood es:Ace Hood fr:Ace Hood it:Ace Hood ja:エイス・フッド pl:Ace Hood pt:Ace Hood fi:Ace Hood sv:Ace Hood

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
Name	Jerome Simpson
Currentteam	Cincinnati Bengals
Currentnumber	89
Currentposition	Wide Receiver
|birth date	February 04, 1986
Birth place	Reidsville, North Carolina
Heightft	6
Heightin	2
Weight	195
Debutyear	2008
Debutteam	Cincinnati Bengals
College	Coastal Carolina
Draftyear	2008
Draftround	2
Draftpick	46
Pastteams	Cincinnati Bengals (2008-present)
Status	Active
Highlights	Big South Freshman of the Year (2004) Second-team All-Big South (2005) 2x First-team All-Big South (2006-2007) Second-team AP All-American (2006) Consensus All-American (2007)
Statweek	17
Statseason	2010
Statlabel1	Receptions
Statvalue1	21
Statlabel2	Receiving yards
Statvalue2	279
Statlabel3	Receiving TDs
Statvalue3	3
Nfl	SIM531556 }}

Jerome Louis Simpson (born February 4, 1986 in Reidsville, North Carolina) is an American football wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Bengals in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played college football and participated in track and field at Coastal Carolina.

High school

Jerome Simpson participated in football, basketball, and track while attending Reidsville High School. As a receiver in football, Simpson was an all-state selection as he led the Rams to consecutive state titles. In his senior season, Simpson won team MVP and set a championship record with 13 receptions for 133 yards and also added a 62-yard touchdown pass. He missed three games his final season, but still managed to total 96 receptions for 1,324 yards and 14 touchdowns, becoming the team's all-time receptions leader. He also played in the North Carolina Shrine Bowl and in the East-West annual game.

In basketball, Simpson led the Rams to their first state basketball championship since 1995. As a senior, he scored 19 points in the title game and winning team MVP honors. He also ran on the state champion 4x400-meter relay team with a time of 3:21 in track.

Collegiate career

Freshman season

Jerome Simpson enrolled at Coastal Carolina University in 2004 and started all 11 games as a true freshman at receiver. In the season opener against Morehead State, Simpson recorded four catches for 59 yards and two scores in his collegiate debut. The following game, against Davidson, Simpson totaled 89 yards on six receptions for a touchdown. Against Charleston, Simpson recorded his first ever 100-yard receiving game. He finished the season with 26 catches for 419 yards and eight touchdowns and was honored as the Big South Conference Freshman of the Year.

Sophomore season

After his breakout freshman season, Simpson only started six of the eleven games he played in as a sophomore. However, he was named second-team All-Big South and was named to the South Carolina All-Star Team. He finished the season leading the team with 33 receptions for 527 yards and nine touchdowns, all single-season school records. In his best game of the season, the victory over James Madison, Simpson set a school record with 10 receptions for 162 yards and two touchdowns. Against Savannah State, Simpson set another school-record with a 60-yard reception for a touchdown.

Simpson also was a member of the 2006 Big South Men's Championship Track and Field squad. Simpson earned All-Big South honors after finished third in the high jump and long jump, setting a new school record for high jump with 2.05 meters.

Junior season

As a junior in 2006, Simpson started in 10 of 12 games on the season, as well as earning numerous accolades. He was named first-team All-Big South, second-team All-American and South Carolina All-Star selections. Teaming with quarterback Tyler Thigpen, who now plays for the Miami Dolphins, Simpson finished his season with 61 receptions for 1,077 yards and a Big South record 16 touchdowns, all school records. Against Georgia Southern, Simpson set a school record with 207 yards and two scores on only eight receptions. Against No. 3 Furman, he recorded 151 yards and two touchdowns, including the game-winning touchdown reception. In the school's first ever NCAA Tournament appearance, Simpson recorded 132 yards and two touchdowns against No. 1 Appalachian State. Simpson led the Big South with five games of 100 yards receiving or more.

Simpson again competed in track and field as a junior, finished third in the NCAA Regionals in long jump and qualified for the 2007 NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. He was also a part of the 400-meter relay team that set a school record at the Championships.

Senior season

In his final collegiate season, 2007, Jerome Simpson broke virtually every receiving record in school history while playing in all 11 games. He also set numerous Big South records as a receiver and in track and field competition. However, undoubtedly handicapped by the graduation of Thigpen, he only posted 41 receptions for 697 yards and 11 touchdowns on the season, all lower than his junior totals.

Professional career

Cincinnati Bengals

Jerome Simpson was selected in the 2nd round, 46th overall by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 2008 NFL Draft. He was signed to a four-year contract after the start of camp, but he has not seen much playing time, not even having a catch in 2009. But, due to injuries to Terrell Owens and Chad Ochocinco, Simpson made his second career start in Week 16 of the 2010 season and had a breakout performance, catching 6 passes for 124 yards and 2 touchdowns. He followed it up with 12 catches, 124 yards, and a touchdown in a game versus the Ravens to end the season with 18 REC, .

External links

Cincinnati Bengals bio

Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:American football wide receivers Category:Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football players Category:Cincinnati Bengals players Category:People from Rockingham County, North Carolina