This is a list of awards for supporting actor. These are accolades given by a group of film or television professionals in recognition of the work of supporting and character actors. Most awards for supporting actors are gender-specific.

Film

Male

Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Black Reel Award: Best Supporting Actor

Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor

Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

César Award for Best Supporting Actor

Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor

Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor

Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role

Golden Calf Award for Best Supporting Actor

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture

Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor

Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actor

Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actor

Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male

Italian Online Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor

Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture

National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor

National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor

New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor

Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor

Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor

San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor

Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male

Female

Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role

BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role

Black Reel Award: Best Supporting Actress

Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress

Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

César Award for Best Supporting Actress

Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress

Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress

Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role

Golden Calf Award for Best Supporting Actress

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture

Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress

Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress

Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actress

Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female

Italian Online Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress

Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture

National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress

National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress

New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress

Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress

Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress

San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress

Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role

Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress

Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female

Television

Male

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Television Series

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television

TVB Anniversary Award for Best Supporting Actor

Female

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie

Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film

Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television Series

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television

TVB Anniversary Award for Best Supporting Actress

* Category:Lists of awards Category:Television awards Category:Theatre awards

A supporting actor is an actor who performs roles in a play or film other than that of the leads.

These roles range from bit parts to secondary leads. They are sometimes but not necessarily character roles. A supporting actor must also use restraint not to upstage the main actor/actress in the play/movie. In earlier times these were often ethnic stereotypes. The title is usually specific to the performance, that is, a person may be a supporting actor in one film and the leading actor in the next. An individual who typically plays supporting roles is considered a character actor.

In television, a day player refers to most performers with supporting speaking roles hired on a daily basis without long-term contracts.

Supporting roles may be pivotal or vital to the story. In recognition of important nature of this work, the theater and film industries give separate awards to the Best Supporting Actor and actress.

See also

Supernumerary actor

Extra (actor)

Under-Five

Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series

Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Comedy Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Miniseries or a Movie

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Miniseries or a Movie

External links

FilmReference.com on "Supporting Actors"

SupportingActors.com

Category:Acting Category:Television terminology

de:Nebenrolle nl:Bijrol pt:Ator coadjuvante

Coordinates	46°47′34″N23°31′30″N
name	Academy Award
alt	An Academy Award statuette, depicting a knight, rendered in Art Deco style, holding a crusader's sword
description	Excellence in cinematic achievements
presenter	Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
country	United States
year	May 16, 1929
website	www.Oscars.org }}

An Academy Award, also known as the Oscar, is an accolade bestowed by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, and is televised live in more than 200 countries annually. It is also the oldest award ceremony in the media; its equivalents, the Grammy Awards (for music), Emmy Awards (for television), and Tony Awards (for theatre) are modeled after the Academy.

The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry’s image and help mediate labor disputes. The Oscar itself was later initiated by the Academy as an award "of merit for distinctive achievement" in the industry.

The first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929, at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to honor outstanding film achievements of the 1927/1928 film season. The most recent ceremony, honoring films in 2010, was held at Hollywood's Kodak Theatre on February 27, 2011.

History

The first awards were presented on May 16, 1929, at a private brunch at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post Academy Awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel. The cost of guest tickets for that night's ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other personalities of the filmmaking industry of the time for their works during the 1927–1928 period.

Winners had been announced three months earlier of their triumphs; however that was changed in the second ceremony of the Academy Awards in 1930. Since then and during the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11 pm on the night of the awards. This method was used until the ''Los Angeles Times'' announced the winners before the ceremony began; as a result, the Academy has used a sealed envelope to reveal the name of the winners since 1941.

For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928 and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in ''The Last Command'' and ''The Way of All Flesh''. He had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier; this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. The honored professionals were awarded for all the work done in a certain category for the qualifying period; for example, Emil Jannings received the award for two movies in which he starred during that period. Since the fourth ceremony, the system changed, and the professionals were honored for a specific performance in a single film. As of the 82nd Academy Awards ceremony held in 2010, a total of 2,789 Oscars have been given for 1,825 awards. A total of 302 actors have won Oscars in competitive acting categories or been awarded Honorary or Juvenile Awards.

The 1939 film ''Beau Geste'' is the only movie that features as many as four Academy Award winners for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Gary Cooper, Ray Milland, Susan Hayward, Broderick Crawford) prior to any of the actors receiving the Best Actor Award.

At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27, 1957, the Best Foreign Language Film category was introduced. Until then, foreign language films were honored with the Special Achievement Award.

Oscar statuette

Design

Although there are seven other types of awards presented by the Academy (the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, the Scientific and Engineering Award, the Technical Achievement Award, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, and the Student Academy Award), the best known one is the ''Academy Award of Merit'' more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. Made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13.5 in (34 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.85 kg) and depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes. The five spokes each represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.

MGM's art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Academy members, supervised the design of the award trophy by printing the design on a scroll. In need of a model for his statuette Gibbons was introduced by his then wife Dolores del Río to Mexican film director and actor Emilio "El Indio" Fernández. Reluctant at first, Fernández was finally convinced to pose nude to create what today is known as the "Oscar". Then, sculptor George Stanley (who also did the Muse Fountain at the Hollywood Bowl) sculpted Gibbons's design in clay and Sachin Smith cast the statuette in 92.5 percent tin and 7.5 percent copper and then gold-plated it. The only addition to the Oscar since it was created is a minor streamlining of the base. The original Oscar mold was cast in 1928 at the C.W. Shumway & Sons Foundry in Batavia, Illinois, which also contributed to casting the molds for the Vince Lombardi Trophy and Emmy Awards statuettes. Since 1983, approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by Illinois manufacturer R.S. Owens & Company.

In support of the American effort in World War II, the statuettes were made of plaster and were traded in for gold ones after the war had ended.

Naming

The root of the name ''Oscar'' is contested. One biography of Bette Davis claims that she named the Oscar after her first husband, band leader Harmon Oscar Nelson; one of the earliest mentions in print of the term ''Oscar'' dates back to a ''Time'' magazine article about the 1934 6th Academy Awards. Walt Disney is also quoted as thanking the Academy for his Oscar as early as 1932. Another claimed origin is that the Academy's Executive Secretary, Margaret Herrick, first saw the award in 1931 and made reference to the statuette's reminding her of her "Uncle Oscar" (a nickname for her cousin Oscar Pierce). Columnist Sidney Skolsky was present during Herrick's naming and seized the name in his byline, "Employees have affectionately dubbed their famous statuette 'Oscar'". The trophy was officially dubbed the "Oscar" in 1939 by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. Another legend reports that the Norwegian-American Eleanor Lilleberg, executive secretary to Louis B. Mayer, saw the first statuette and exclaimed, "It looks like King Oscar II!". At the end of the day she asked, "What should we do with Oscar, put him in the vault?" and the name stuck.

Ownership of Oscar statuettes

Since 1950, the statuettes have been legally encumbered by the requirement that neither winners nor their heirs may sell the statuettes without first offering to sell them back to the Academy for US$1. If a winner refuses to agree to this stipulation, then the Academy keeps the statuette. Academy Awards not protected by this agreement have been sold in public auctions and private deals for six-figure sums.

While the Oscar is under the ownership of the recipient, it is essentially not on the open market. The case of Michael Todd's grandson trying to sell Todd's Oscar statuette illustrates that there are some who do not agree with this idea. When Todd's grandson attempted to sell Todd's Oscar statuette to a movie prop collector, the Academy won the legal battle by getting a permanent injunction. Although Oscar sales transactions have been successful, some buyers have subsequently returned the statuettes to the Academy, which keeps them in its treasury.

Nomination

Since 2004, Academy Award nomination results have been announced to the public in late January. Prior to 2004, nomination results were announced publicly in early February.

Voters

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), a professional honorary organization, maintains a voting membership of 5,835 as of 2007.

Academy membership is divided into different branches, with each representing a different discipline in film production. Actors constitute the largest voting bloc, numbering 1,311 members (22 percent) of the Academy's composition. Votes have been certified by the auditing firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (and its predecessor Price Waterhouse) for the past 73 annual awards ceremonies.

All AMPAS members must be invited to join by the Board of Governors, on behalf of Academy Branch Executive Committees. Membership eligibility may be achieved by a competitive nomination or a member may submit a name based on other significant contribution to the field of motion pictures.

New membership proposals are considered annually. The Academy does not publicly disclose its membership, although as recently as 2007 press releases have announced the names of those who have been invited to join. The 2007 release also stated that it has just under 6,000 voting members. While the membership had been growing, stricter policies have kept its size steady since then.

Rules

Currently, according to Rules 2 and 3 of the official Academy Awards Rules, a film must open in the previous calendar year, from midnight at the start of January 1 to midnight at the end of December 31, in Los Angeles County, California, to qualify (except for the Best Foreign Language Film). For example, the 2010 Best Picture winner, ''The Hurt Locker'', was actually first released in 2008, but did not qualify for the 2009 awards as it did not play its Oscar-qualifying run in Los Angeles until mid-2009, thus qualifying for the 2010 awards.

Rule 2 states that a film must be feature-length, defined as a minimum of 40 minutes, except for short subject awards, and it must exist either on a 35 mm or 70 mm film print or in 24 frame/s or 48 frame/s progressive scan digital cinema format with native resolution not less than 1280x720.

Producers must submit an Official Screen Credits online form before the deadline; in case it is not submitted by the defined deadline, the film will be ineligible for Academy Awards in any year. The form includes the production credits for all related categories. Then, each form is checked and put in a Reminder List of Eligible Releases.

In late December ballots and copies of the Reminder List of Eligible Releases are mailed to around 6000 active members. For most categories, members from each of the branches vote to determine the nominees only in their respective categories (i.e. only directors vote for directors, writers for writers, actors for actors, etc.); there are some exceptions though in the case of certain categories, like Foreign Film, Documentary and Animated Feature Film in which movies are selected by special screening committees made up of members from all branches. In the special case of Best Picture, all voting members are eligible to select the nominees for that category. Foreign films must include English subtitles, and each country can only submit one film per year.

The members of the various branches nominate those in their respective fields while all members may submit nominees for Best Picture. The winners are then determined by a second round of voting in which all members are then allowed to vote in most categories, including Best Picture.

Ceremony

Telecast

The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, most commonly in February or March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins during November or December of the previous year. This is an elaborate extravaganza, with the invited guests walking up the red carpet in the creations of the most prominent fashion designers of the day. Black tie dress is the most common outfit for men, although fashion may dictate not wearing a bow-tie, and musical performers sometimes do not adhere to this. (The artists who recorded the nominees for Best Original Song quite often perform those songs live at the awards ceremony, and the fact that they are performing is often used to promote the television broadcast).

The Academy Awards is televised live across the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii), Canada, the United Kingdom, and gathers millions of viewers elsewhere throughout the world. The 2007 ceremony was watched by more than 40 million Americans. Other awards ceremonies (such as the Emmys, Golden Globes, and Grammys) are broadcast live in the East Coast but are on tape delay in the West Coast and might not air on the same day outside North America (if the awards are even televised). The Academy has for several years claimed that the award show has up to a billion viewers internationally, but this has so far not been confirmed by any independent sources. The Awards show was first televised on NBC in 1953. NBC continued to broadcast the event until 1960 when the ABC Network took over, televising the festivities through 1970, after which NBC resumed the broadcasts. ABC once again took over broadcast duties in 1976; it is under contract to do so through the year 2020.

After more than sixty years of being held in late March or early April, the ceremonies were moved up to late February or early March starting in 2004 to help disrupt and shorten the intense lobbying and ad campaigns associated with Oscar season in the film industry. Another reason was because of the growing TV ratings success of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, which would cut into the Academy Awards audience. The earlier date is also to the advantage of ABC, as it now usually occurs during the highly profitable and important February sweeps period. (Some years, the ceremony is moved into early March in deference to the Winter Olympics.) Advertising is somewhat restricted, however, as traditionally no movie studios or competitors of official Academy Award sponsors may advertise during the telecast. The Awards show holds the distinction of having won the most Emmys in history, with 47 wins and 195 nominations.

After many years of being held on Mondays at 9:00 p.m. Eastern/6:00 p.m Pacific, in 1999 the ceremonies were moved to Sundays at 8:30 p.m. Eastern/5:30 p.m. Pacific. The reasons given for the move were that more viewers would tune in on Sundays, that Los Angeles rush-hour traffic jams could be avoided, and that an earlier start time would allow viewers on the East Coast to go to bed earlier. For many years the film industry had opposed a Sunday broadcast because it would cut into the weekend box office.

On March 30, 1981, the awards ceremony was postponed for one day after the shooting of President Ronald Reagan and others in Washington, D.C.

In 1993, an ''In Memoriam'' segment was introduced, honoring those who had made a significant contribution to cinema who had died in the preceding 12 months, a selection compiled by a small committee of Academy members. This segment has drawn criticism over the years for the omission of some names.

In 2010, the organizers of the Academy Awards announced that winners' acceptance speeches must not run past 45 seconds. This, according to organizer Bill Mechanic, was to ensure the elimination of what he termed "the single most hated thing on the show" – overly long and embarrassing displays of emotion.

The Academy has also had recent discussions about moving the ceremony even further back into January, citing TV viewers' fatigue with the film industry's long awards season. But such an accelerated schedule would dramatically decrease the voting period for its members, to the point where some voters would only have time to view the contending films streamed on their computers. Also, a January ceremony may have to compete with National Football League playoff games.

Past ceremonies and ratings

The following is a listing of all Academy Awards ceremonies and ratings since 1929.

Historically, the "Oscarcast" has pulled in a bigger haul when box-office hits are favored to win the Best Picture trophy. More than 57.25 million viewers tuned to the telecast for the 70th Academy Awards in 1998, the year of ''Titanic'', which generated close to US$600 million at the North American box office pre-Oscars. The 76th Academy Awards ceremony in which ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (pre-telecast box office earnings of US$368 million) received 11 Awards including Best Picture drew 43.56 million viewers. The most watched ceremony based on Nielsen ratings to date, however, was the 42nd Academy Awards (Best Picture ''Midnight Cowboy'') which drew a 43.4% household rating on April 7, 1970.

By contrast, ceremonies honoring films that have not performed well at the box office tend to show weaker ratings. The 78th Academy Awards which awarded low-budgeted, independent film ''Crash'' (with a pre-Oscar gross of US$53.4 million) generated an audience of 38.64 million with a household rating of 22.91%. In 2008, the 80th Academy Awards telecast was watched by 31.76 million viewers on average with an 18.66% household rating, the lowest rated and least watched ceremony to date, in spite of celebrating 80 years of the Academy Awards. The Best Picture winner of that particular ceremony was another low-budget, independently financed film (''No Country for Old Men'').

Venues

In 1929, the first Academy Awards were presented at a banquet dinner at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. From 1930–1943, the awards were presented first at the Ambassador Hotel in Hollywood. Then the Oscar ceremonies were held at the Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles from 1930 to 1943.

Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood then hosted the awards from 1944 to 1946, followed by the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles from 1947 to 1948. The 21st Academy Awards in 1949 were held at the Academy Award Theater at what was the Academy's headquarters on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood.

From 1950 to 1960, the awards were presented at Hollywood's Pantages Theatre. With the advent of television, the 1953–1957 awards took place simultaneously in Hollywood and New York first at the NBC International Theatre (1953) and then at the NBC Century Theatre (1954–1957), after which the ceremony took place solely in Los Angeles. The Oscars moved to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California in 1961. By 1969, the Academy decided to move the ceremonies back to Los Angeles, this time to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion at the Los Angeles County Music Center.

In 2002, Hollywood's Kodak Theatre became the permanent home of the award ceremonies.

Academy Awards of merit

Current awards

Best Actor in a Leading Role: 1928 to present

Best Actor in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present

Best Actress in a Leading Role: 1928 to present

Best Actress in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present

Best Animated Film: 2001 to present

Best Animated Short Film: 1931 to present

Best Art Direction: 1928 to present

Best Cinematography: 1928 to present

Best Costume Design: 1948 to present

Best Director: 1928 to present

Best Documentary Feature: 1943 to present

Best Documentary Short Subject: 1941 to present

Best Film Editing: 1935 to present

Best Foreign Language Film: 1947 to present

Best Live Action Short Film: 1931 to present

Best Makeup: 1981 to present

Best Original Score: 1934 to present

Best Original Song: 1934 to present

Best Picture: 1928 to present

Best Sound Editing: 1963 to present

Best Sound Mixing: 1930 to present

Best Visual Effects: 1939 to present

Best Adapted Screenplay: 1928 to present

Best Original Screenplay: 1940 to present

In the first year of the awards, the Best Director award was split into two separate categories (Drama and Comedy). At times, the Best Original Score award has also been split into separate categories (Drama and Comedy/Musical). From the 1930s through the 1960s, the Art Direction, Cinematography, and Costume Design awards were likewise split into two separate categories (black-and-white films and color films).

Another award, entitled the Academy Award for Best Original Musical, is still in the Academy rulebooks and has yet to be retired. However, due to continuous insufficient eligibility each year, it has not been awarded since 1984 (when ''Purple Rain'' won).

Retired awards

Best Assistant Director: 1933 to 1937

Best Dance Direction: 1935 to 1937

Best Engineering Effects: 1928 only

Best Original Musical or Comedy Score: 1995 to 1999

Best Original Story: 1928 to 1956

Best Score – Adaptation or Treatment: 1962 to 1969; 1973

Best Short Film – Color: 1936 and 1937

Best Short Film – Live Action – 2 Reels: 1936 to 1956

Best Short Film – Novelty: 1932 to 1935

Best Title Writing: 1928 only

Best Unique and Artistic Quality of Production: 1928 only

Proposed awards

The Board of Governors meets each year and considers new awards. To date, the following proposed awards have not been approved:

Best Casting: rejected in 1999 Best Stunt Coordination: rejected in 1999; rejected in 2005 Best Title Design: rejected in 1999

Special Academy Awards

These awards are voted on by special committees, rather than by the Academy membership as a whole, but the individual selected to receive the special award may decline the offer. They are not always presented on a consistent annual basis.

Current special awards

Academy Honorary Award: 1929 to present

Academy Scientific and Technical Award: 1931 to present

Gordon E. Sawyer Award: 1981 to present

Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award: 1956 to present

Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award: 1938 to present

Retired special awards

Academy Juvenile Award: 1934 to 1960

Academy Special Achievement Award: 1972 to 1995

Criticism

Due to the positive exposure and prestige of the Academy Awards, studios spend millions of dollars and hire publicists specifically to promote their films during what is typically called the "Oscar season." This has generated accusations of the Academy Awards being influenced more by marketing than quality. William Friedkin, an Academy Award-winning film director and former producer of the ceremony, expressed this sentiment at a conference in New York in 2009, describing it as "the greatest promotion scheme that any industry ever devised for itself."

In addition, some winners critical of the Academy Awards have boycotted the ceremonies and refused to accept their Oscars. The first to do so was Dudley Nichols (Best Writing in 1935 for ''The Informer''). Nichols boycotted the 8th Academy Awards ceremony because of conflicts between the Academy and the Writer's Guild. George C. Scott became the second person to refuse his award (Best Actor in 1970 for ''Patton'') at the 43rd Academy Awards ceremony. Scott described it as a 'meat parade', saying 'I don't want any part of it." The third winner, Marlon Brando, refused his award (Best Actor in 1972 for ''The Godfather''), citing the film industry's discrimination and mistreatment of Native Americans. At the 45th Academy Awards ceremony, Brando sent Sacheen Littlefeather to read a 15-page speech detailing his criticisms.

It has been observed that several of the Academy Award winners – particularly Best Picture – have not stood the test of time or defeated worthier efforts. Tim Dirks, editor of AMC's filmsite.org, has written of the Academy Awards,

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Best Picture is not the only category to come under criticism. In his review of ''The Lives of Others'', Nick Davis argued,

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Acting prizes in certain years have been criticized for not recognizing superior performances so much as being awarded for sentimental reasons, personal popularity, atonement for past mistakes, or presented as a "career honor" to recognize a distinguished nominee's entire body of work.

Associated events

The following events are closely associated with the annual Academy Awards ceremony:

Governors Awards

The 25th Independent Spirit Awards (in 2010), usually held in Santa Monica the Saturday before the Oscars, marked the first time it was moved to a Friday and a change of venue to L.A. Live, the newly built entertainment complex developed in Downtown Los Angeles.

The 8th annual "Night Before", traditionally held at the Beverly Hills Hotel (eight years running in 2010) and generally known as ''THE'' party of the season, benefits the Motion Picture and Television Fund, which operates a retirement home for SAG actors in the San Fernando Valley.

Elton John's AIDS fundraiser viewing party airs the awards live at the nearby Pacific Design Center.

The Governors' Ball is the Academy's official after-party, including dinner, and is held adjacent to the awards-presentation venue.

The Vanity Fair after-party, historically held at the former Morton's restaurant, is now for the 2nd year at the Sunset Towers.

See also

Academy Awards pre-show

Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Award Party

Golden Raspberry Award

List of Academy Award records

List of Academy Award-winning films

List of Academy Awards ceremonies

List of Academy Award trophies on public display

List of actors who have appeared in multiple Best Picture Academy Award winners

List of Asian Academy Award winners and nominees

List of Australian Academy Award winners and nominees

List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees

List of Black Academy Award winners and nominees

List of British and Commonwealth Academy Award winners and nominees

List of English Academy Award nominees and winners

List of fictitious Academy Award nominees

List of foreign language films nominated for Academy Awards

List of French Academy Award winners and nominees

Lists of Hispanic Academy Award winners and nominees by country

List of Italian Academy Award winners and nominees

List of Latin American Academy Award winners and nominees

List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees

List of people who have won multiple Academy Awards in a single year

List of Polish Academy Award winners and nominees

List of posthumous Academy Award winners and nominees

List of presenters of Best Picture Academy Award

List of Scandinavian Academy Award winners and nominees

List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees

List of years in film

Oscar season

Notes

References

Brokaw, Lauren (2010). "Wanna see an Academy Awards invite? We got it along with all the major annual events surrounding the Oscars". Los Angeles: The Daily Truffle.

Gail, K., and Piazza, J. (2002). ''The Academy Awards: The Complete History of Oscar.'' Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1-57912-240-X.

Levy, Emanuel (2003). ''All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards.'' New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-1452-4.

Wright, Jon (2007). ''The Lunacy of Oscar: The Problems with Hollywood's Biggest Night''. Thomas Publishing, Inc.

External links

Oscars.org—official Academy site

Oscar.com—official Academy Award ceremony site

"Oscar Greats" at ''Time'' magazine

Category:Academy Awards Category:American film awards Category:Article Feedback Pilot Category:Awards established in 1929

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Coordinates	46°47′34″N23°31′30″N
name	Kirk Douglas
birth name	Issur Danielovitch
birth date	December 09, 1916
birth place	Amsterdam, New York, U.S.
nationality	American
occupation	Actor, producer, director, author
spouse	Diana Dill (1943–51; divorced)Anne Buydens (1954–present)
children	Michael DouglasJoel DouglasPeter DouglasEric Douglas (1958–2004)
relatives	Cameron Douglas (grandson)
years active	1942–present
education	St. Lawrence University
alma mater	American Academy of Dramatic Arts
other names	Izzy Demsky
religion	Conservative Judaism
signature	KirkDouglas.png }}

Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, ; December 9, 1916) is an American stage and film actor, film producer and author. His popular films include ''Out of the Past'' (1947), ''Champion'' (1949), ''Ace in the Hole'' (1951), ''The Bad and the Beautiful'' (1952), ''Lust for Life'' (1956), ''Paths of Glory'' (1957), ''Gunfight at the O.K. Corral'' (1957), ''Spartacus'' (1960), and ''Lonely Are the Brave'' (1962).

He is No.17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time. In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community."

Early life

Douglas was born Issur Danielovitch in Amsterdam, New York, the son of Bryna "Bertha" (née Sanglel) and Herschel "Harry" Danielovitch, a businessman. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Gomel, Belarus. His father's brother, who emigrated earlier, used the surname Demsky, which Douglas's family adopted in the United States. In addition to their surname, his parents also changed their given names, to Harry and Bertha. Douglas grew up as Izzy Demsky, and legally changed his name to "Kirk Douglas" when entering the Navy during World War II.

Coming from a poor family, as a boy, Douglas sold snacks to mill workers to earn enough to buy milk and bread. Later, he delivered newspapers and worked at more than forty jobs before becoming an actor. He found living in a family of six sisters to be stifling, stating, "I was dying to get out. In a sense, it lit a fire under me." During high school, he acted in school plays, and discovered "The one thing in my life that I always knew, that was always constant, was that I wanted to be an actor."

Unable to afford tuition, Douglas talked his way into St. Lawrence University and received a loan, which he paid back by working part-time as a gardener and a janitor. He was a standout on the wrestling team, and wrestled one summer in a carnival to make money.

Douglas's acting talents were noticed at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City, and he received a special scholarship. One of his classmates was Betty Joan Perske (later to become better known as Lauren Bacall), who would play an important role in launching his film career. Another classmate was aspiring Bermudian actress Diana Dill. While doing summer stock theater during a college term break, he began using the name Kirk Douglas, which he later legally adopted. He earned his first money as an actor that summer. Upon graduating from drama school, Douglas made his Broadway debut as a singing telegraph boy in ''Spring Again''.

Douglas enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941, shortly after the United States entered World War II. He was medically discharged for war injuries in 1944. On May 3, 1943, Diana Dill, his former classmate, appeared on the cover of ''Life'' magazine. Seeing the photograph, Douglas told his fellow sailors that he was going to marry her. He did, on November 2, 1943. The couple had two sons together (Michael in 1944 and Joel in 1947) before they divorced in 1951.

After the war, Douglas returned to New York City and found work in radio, theatre and commercials. His stage break occurred in ''Kiss and Tell'', which led to other roles. Douglas had planned to remain a stage actor but Lauren Bacall helped him get his first screen role in the Hal B. Wallis film ''The Strange Love of Martha Ivers'' (1946), starring Barbara Stanwyck. Wallis was on his way to New York to look for new talent when Bacall suggested he visit Douglas, who was rehearsing a play called ''The Wind Is Ninety''. Douglas finished the play's run and with no follow-up work in sight, headed to Hollywood. He was immediately cast in one of the leading roles in Wallis' film, and made his film acting debut as a weak man dominated by a ruthless woman, unlike his later roles where he often played dominating characters.

Career

Douglas established his image as a tough guy in his eighth film, ''Champion'', playing a selfish boxer. From then on, he made a career of playing "sons of bitches." From that film on, he decided that to succeed as a star, he needed to ramp up his intensity, overcome his natural shyness, and choose stronger roles. He later stated, "I don’t think I’d be much of an actor without vanity. And I’m not interested in being a 'modest actor'." Early in his Hollywood career, he demonstrated his independent streak and broke his studio contracts to gain total control over his projects, forming his own movie company "Bryna Productions", named after his mother.

Douglas made his Broadway debut in 1949 in the Anton Chekhov play "The Three Sisters," produced by Katharine Cornell.

Douglas was a major box office star in the 1950s and 60s, playing opposite some of the leading actresses of that era. Among his various roles, he played a frontier peace officer in his first western ''Along the Great Divide'' (1951). He quickly became comfortable with riding horses and playing gunslingers, and appeared in many westerns. In ''Lonely Are the Brave'' (1962), his own favorite of his performances, Douglas plays a cowboy trying to live by his own code, much as he did in real life.

In ''The Bad and the Beautiful'' (1952), one of his three Oscar-nominated roles, Douglas plays Jonathan Shields, a hard-nosed film producer who manipulates and uses his actors, writers, and directors. In ''Young Man with a Horn'' (1950), Douglas portrays the rise and fall of a driven jazz musician, based on real-life horn player Bix Beiderbecke. Composer-pianist Hoagy Carmichael, playing the sidekick role, added realism to the film and gave Douglas insight into the role, being a friend of the real Beiderbecke. In 2011 he was the presenter at the Oscars for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, won by Melissa Leo.

In one of his early television appearances, Douglas was a musical guest (as himself) on ''The Jack Benny Program''. In the opening monologue, Benny reads the reviews of critics who liked his season premiere, while skipping the ones who did not. He then hurries home for his weekly jam session with Tony Martin (on clarinet), Fred MacMurray (saxophone), Dick Powell (trumpet), Dan Dailey (drums), and Douglas (four-string banjo). They avail themselves of the coin-operated vending machines in Benny's living room. The band plays ''Basin Street'' (Blues), but Douglas keeps going into ''Bye Bye Blues'', the only song he knows.

Douglas played many military men, with varying nuance, in ''Top Secret Affair'' (1957), ''Paths of Glory'' (1957) (his most famous role in that genre), ''Town Without Pity'' (1961), ''The Hook'' (1963), ''Seven Days in May'' (1964), ''Heroes of Telemark'' (1965), ''In Harm's Way'' (1965), ''Cast a Giant Shadow'' (1966), ''Is Paris Burning'' (1966), and ''The Final Countdown'' (1980).

His role as Vincent Van Gogh in ''Lust for Life'' (1956), filmed mostly on location in France, was noted not only for the veracity of his appearance but also for how he conveyed the painter’s internal turmoil. He won a Golden Globe award for his role. Director Vincente Minnelli stated, "Kirk Douglas achieved a moving and memorable portrait of the artist—a man of massive creative power, triggered by severe emotional stress, the fear and horror of madness. In my opinion, Kirk should have won the Academy Award." Douglas himself called his acting role as Van Gogh a "very painful experience." He writes, "Not only did I look like Van Gogh, I was the same age he was when he committed suicide."

Douglas played the lead with an all-star cast in ''Spartacus'' (1960). He was the executive producer as well, raising the $12 million production cost. He also played an important role in breaking the Hollywood blacklist by making sure that Dalton Trumbo's name was mentioned in the opening and ending credits of the film for the outstanding screenplay he did for the film. Douglas initially selected Anthony Mann to direct the movie, but dismissed him when he judged the initial shooting to be unsatisfactory. To replace Mann he chose Stanley Kubrick, who three years earlier had collaborated closely with Douglas in ''Paths of Glory'', where Douglas played one of his most notable roles as Colonel Dax, the commander of a French regiment during World War I. ''Spartacus'' was a huge success, but Kubrick, considering himself a mere employee of Douglas and since much of the footage (including Peter Ustinov's key scenes) was shot under Mann, did not consider it to be part of his own oeuvre.

In addition to serious, driven characters, Douglas was adept at roles requiring a comic touch, as in ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' (1954), an adaptation of the Jules Verne novel, wherein he plays a happy-go-lucky sailor who is the opposite in every way of the brooding Captain Nemo (James Mason). The film was one of Walt Disney's most successful live-action movies and a major box-office hit. He manages a similar comic turn in the western ''Man Without a Star'' (1955) and in ''For Love or Money'' (1963).

Douglas made seven films over the decades with Burt Lancaster; ''I Walk Alone'' (1948), ''Gunfight at the O.K. Corral'' (1957), ''The Devil's Disciple'' (1959), ''The List of Adrian Messenger'' (1963), ''Seven Days in May'' (1964), ''Victory at Entebbe'' (1976) and ''Tough Guys'' (1986), which fixed the notion of the pair as something of a team in the public imagination. Douglas was always second-billed under Lancaster in these movies but, with the exception of ''I Walk Alone'', in which Douglas played a villain, and ''The List of Adrian Messenger'', in which Lancaster played a brief part in disguise, their roles were more or less the same size. Both actors arrived in Hollywood at the same time, and first appeared together in the fourth film for each. They both became actor-producers who sought out independent Hollywood careers.

Douglas stated that the keys to acting success are determination and application, "You must know how to function and how to maintain yourself, and you must have a love of what you do. But an actor also needs great good luck. I have had that luck." Douglas had great vitality, "It takes a lot out of you to work in this business. Many people fall by the wayside because they don’t have the energy to sustain their talent." His intensity spilled over into all elements of his film-making. As an actor, he dove into every role, dissecting not only his own lines but all the parts in the script to measure the rightness of the role, and he was willing to fight with the director if he felt justified. According to his wife, he often brought home that intensity, "When he was doing ''Lust for Life'', he came home in that red beard of Van Gogh’s, wearing those big boots, stomping around the house—it was frightening." His distinctive acting style and delivery made him, like James Stewart, a favorite with impersonators, especially Frank Gorshin.

Unlike some actors such as Robert Mitchum, Douglas had a high opinion of actors, movies, and moviemaking, "To me it is the most important art form—it ''is'' an art, and it includes all the elements of the modern age." But he also stressed the entertainment value of films, "You can make a statement, you can say something, but it must be entertaining."

His first film as a director was ''Scalawag'' (1973). In his autobiography ''The Ragman’s Son'', he said "Since I was accused so often of trying to direct the films I was in, I thought I ought to really try my hand at directing." It was a difficult debut with many production problems, requiring his wife to act as producer. Douglas plays a charming scoundrel with one leg, a considerable challenge to his athleticism, and though he got credit for his role, the film received unimpressive reviews. Later in 1973, Douglas appeared in a made-for-TV musical version of ''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde''.

Douglas was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in ''Champion'', ''The Bad and the Beautiful'' and ''Lust for Life''. He was especially disappointed for not winning for the latter film, "I really thought I had a chance." Douglas did not win any competitive Oscars, but received a Honorary Academy Award in 1996 for "50 years as a moral and creative force in the motion picture community".

For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Douglas has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6263 Hollywood Blvd. He is one of the few personalities (along with James Stewart, Gregory Peck, and Gene Autry) whose star has been stolen and later replaced. In 1984, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, and he received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1991.

In October 2004, the avenue Kirk Douglas Way in Palm Springs, California was named in his honor by the Palm Springs International Film Society and Film Festival. Popular at home and around the world, Douglas received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981, the French Legion of Honor in 1985, and the National Medal of the Arts in 2001.

In March 2009, Douglas starred in an autobiographical one man show titled ''Before I Forget'' at the Center Theater Group's Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City, California. The four performances were filmed and turned into a documentary that was first screened in January 2010.

On February 27, 2011, Douglas appeared on the stage of the Kodak Theater for the 83rd Academy Awards to present the Best Supporting Actress Oscar.

Personal life

Douglas married twice, first to Diana Dill, on November 2, 1943. The couple had two sons, actor Michael Douglas and producer Joel Douglas. They divorced in 1951. He then married Anne Buydens on May 29, 1954. They had two sons, producer Peter Douglas and actor Eric Douglas. Eric Douglas died July 6, 2004 of a drug overdose.

In 1991, he survived a helicopter crash in which two people died. This sparked a search for meaning, which led him, after much study, to embrace the Judaism in which he was raised. He documented this spiritual journey in his book ''Climbing the Mountain: My Search for Meaning'' (2001). In his earlier autobiography, ''The Ragman's Son'' (1988), he admits that "years back, I tried to forget that I was a Jew." However, in his later career, he notes that "coming to grips with what it means to be a Jew has been a theme in my life." In an interview in 2000, he explained this transition:

Judaism and I parted ways a long time ago, when I was a poor kid growing up in Amsterdam, N.Y. Back then, I was pretty good in cheder, so the Jews of our community thought they would do a wonderful thing and collect enough money to send me to a yeshiva to become a rabbi. Holy Moses! That scared the hell out of me. I didn't want to be a rabbi. I wanted to be an actor. Believe me, the members of the Sons of Israel were persistent. I had nightmares – wearing long payos and a black hat. I had to work very hard to get out of it. But it took me a long time to learn that you don't have to be a rabbi to be a Jew.

Douglas notes also that the underlying theme of some of his films, including ''The Juggler'' (1953), ''Cast a Giant Shadow'' (1966), and ''Remembrance of Love'' (1982), was about "a Jew who doesn't think of himself as one, and eventually finds his Jewishness." Although his children were only half Jewish, Douglas states that they were "aware culturally" of his "deep convictions," and he never tried to influence their own religious decisions. He notes, however, that Michael answered, "I'm a Jew," when once asked about what he was.

While Douglas has chosen to stay out of political affairs, he has on occasion written letters to politicians who were friends. He notes in his memoir, ''Let's Face It'' (2007), that he felt compelled to write former president Jimmy Carter in 2006 in order to stress that "Israel is the only successful democracy in the Middle East. . . . [and] has had to endure many wars against overwhelming odds. If Israel loses one war, they lose Israel."

In 1996, he suffered a stroke, partially impairing his ability to speak. On December 8, 2006, Douglas appeared on ''Entertainment Tonight'', where the entire staff wished him a happy 90th birthday the night before. His son and daughter-in-law Michael and Catherine Zeta-Jones, were among the many celebrities who attended his birthday celebration. On the show, he discussed the books he has written and the death of his son Eric. Douglas celebrated a second Bar-Mitzvah ceremony in 1999 at the age of eighty-three.

A portrait of Douglas, titled "The Great and the Beautiful," which encapsulated his film career, art collection, philanthropy and rehabilitation from the helicopter crash and the stroke, appeared in ''Palm Springs Life'' magazine in 1999. The article said "For years, this energetic performer could be seen jogging several miles to get his morning paper, playing tennis with locals or posing for snapshots and signing autographs for star-struck out-of-towners. He has been a veritable one-man tourist promotion over the past four decades, extolling the virtue of the city he loves to virtually anyone who'll listen".

Douglas blogs regularly on his Myspace account. At 94, he is the oldest celebrity blogger.

Family tree

Filmography

Films

''The Strange Love of Martha Ivers'' (1946)

''Out of the Past'' (1947)

''Mourning Becomes Electra'' (1947)

''I Walk Alone'' (1948)

''The Walls of Jericho'' (1948)

''My Dear Secretary'' (1949)

''A Letter to Three Wives'' (1949)

''Champion'' (1949)

''Young Man with a Horn'' (1950)

''The Glass Menagerie'' (1950)

''Along the Great Divide'' (1951)

''Ace in the Hole'' (1951)

''Detective Story'' (1951)

''The Big Trees'' (1952)

''The Big Sky'' (1952)

''The Bad and the Beautiful'' (1952)

''The Story of Three Loves'' (1953)

''The Juggler'' (1953)

''Act of Love'' (1953)

''The Jack Benny Program'' (television, 1954)

''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' (1954)

''The Racers'' (1955)

''Ulisse'' (U.S. title: ''Ulysses'', 1955)

''Man Without a Star'' (1955)

''The Indian Fighter'' (1955)

''Lust for Life'' (1956)

''Top Secret Affair'' (1957)

''Gunfight at the O.K. Corral'' (1957)

''Paths of Glory'' (1957)

''The Vikings'' (1958)

''Last Train from Gun Hill'' (1959)

''The Devil's Disciple'' (1959)

''Strangers When We Meet'' (1960)

''Spartacus'' (1960)

''Town Without Pity'' (1961)

''The Last Sunset'' (1961)

''Lonely Are the Brave'' (1962)

''Two Weeks in Another Town'' (1962)

''The Hook'' (1963)

''The List of Adrian Messenger'' (1963)

''For Love or Money'' (1963)

''Seven Days in May'' (1964)

''In Harm's Way'' (1965)

''The Heroes of Telemark'' (1965)

''Cast a Giant Shadow'' (1966)

''Is Paris Burning?'' (1966)

''The Way West'' (1967)

''The War Wagon'' (1967)

''Once Upon a Wheel'' (documentary, 1968)

''A Lovely Way to Die'' (1968)

''The Brotherhood'' (1968)

''The Arrangement'' (1969)

''There Was a Crooked Man...'' (1970)

''To Catch a Spy'' (1971)

''The Light at the Edge of the World'' (1971)

''A Gunfight'' (1971)

''A Man to Respect'' (1972)

''The Master Touch'' (1972)

''Scalawag'' (1973)

''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' (1973)

''Posse'' (1975) Also director

''Once Is Not Enough'' (1975)

''Holocaust 2000'' (1977)

''The Fury'' (1978)

''The Villain'' (1979)

''Saturn 3'' (1980)

''Home Movies'' (1980)

''The Final Countdown'' (1980)

''The Man from Snowy River'' (1982)

''Remembrance of Love'' (1982)

''Eddie Macon's Run'' (1983)

''Draw!'' (1984)

''Amos'' (1985)

''Tough Guys'' (1986)

''Queenie'' (television, 1987)

''Inherit the Wind'' (1988)

''Oscar'' (1991)

''Veraz'' (1991)

''The Secret'' (television, 1992)

''A Century of Cinema'' (documentary, 1994)

''Greedy'' (1994)

''Diamonds'' (1999)

''It Runs in the Family'' (2003)

''Illusion'' (2004)

''Meurtres à l'Empire State Building'' (U.S. title: ''Empire State Building Murders'', 2008)

''Before I Forget'' (documentary, 2010)

Short subjects

''Van Gogh: Darkness Into Light'' (1956)

''Rowan & Martin at the Movies'' (1968)

Awards

Academy Awards

1996 Honorary Award for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community

1995 nominated for Honorary Awards

1956 ''Lust for Life'' nominated for Best Actor

1952 ''Bad & the Beautiful'' nominated for Best Actor

1949 ''Champion'' nominated for Best Actor

Berlin International Film Festival

1975 ''Posse'' nominated for Competing Film

New York Film Critics Circle Award

1956 ''Lust for Life'' won for Best Actor

1951 ''Detective Story'' nominated for Best Actor

Bibliography

''Wisdom of the Elders''. 1986.

''The Ragman's Son''. Simon & Shuster, 1988. ISBN 0-671-63717-7.

''Dance With the Devil''. Random House, 1990. ISBN 0-394-58237-3.

The Gift''">The Gift''. Warner Books, 1992. ISBN 0-446-51694-5.

''Last Tango in Brooklyn''. Century, 1994. ISBN 0-7126-4852-6.

''The Broken Mirror: A Novella''. Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1997. ISBN 0-689-81493-3.

''Young Heroes of the Bible''. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-689-81491-7.

''Climbing The Mountain: My Search For Meaning''. Simon and Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-7432-1438-2.

''My Stroke of Luck''. HarperCollins, 2003. ISBN 0-06-001404-0.

''Let's Face It – 90 Years of Living, Loving, and Learning''. John Wiley & Sons, 2007. ISBN 0-470-08469-3.

See also

References

Further reading

Kress, Michael. ''Rabbis: Observations of 100 Leading and Influential Rabbis of the 21st Century''. (foreword by Kirk Douglas.) Universe, 2002. ISBN 978-0-7893-0804-7.

McBride, Joseph. ''Kirk Douglas''. Pyramid Publications, 1976. ISBN 0-515-04084-3.

Munn, Michael. ''Kirk Douglas''. St. Martin's Press, 1985. ISBN 0-312-45681-6.

Press, Skip. ''Michael and Kirk Douglas''. Silver Burdett Press, 1995. ISBN 0-382-24941-0.

External links

Guest of honor on "Dean Martin Show" Video, 3 min. (circa 1980)

Profile at Turner Classic Movies

An Interview with Kirk Douglas

Kirk Douglas, le champion de Hollywood

Kirk Douglas interviewed by Mike Wallace on ''The Mike Wallace Interview'' from November 2, 1957

Category:1916 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:Actors from New York Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American film producers Category:American Jews Category:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American television actors Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners Category:Jewish actors Category:American Jews Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Légion d'honneur recipients Category:People from Montgomery County, New York Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:St. Lawrence University alumni Category:Stroke survivors Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients Category:United States Navy sailors

ar:كيرك دوغلاس an:Kirk Douglas be-x-old:Керк Дуглас bg:Кърк Дъглас ca:Kirk Douglas cs:Kirk Douglas cy:Kirk Douglas da:Kirk Douglas de:Kirk Douglas et:Kirk Douglas es:Kirk Douglas eo:Kirk Douglas eu:Kirk Douglas fa:کرک داگلاس fr:Kirk Douglas ga:Kirk Douglas gl:Kirk Douglas ko:커크 더글러스 hr:Kirk Douglas id:Kirk Douglas it:Kirk Douglas he:קירק דאגלס hu:Kirk Douglas nl:Kirk Douglas ja:カーク・ダグラス no:Kirk Douglas pl:Kirk Douglas pt:Kirk Douglas ro:Kirk Douglas ru:Кирк Дуглас simple:Kirk Douglas sr:Кирк Даглас sh:Kirk Douglas fi:Kirk Douglas sv:Kirk Douglas tl:Kirk Douglas th:เคิร์ก ดักลาส tr:Kirk Douglas uk:Кірк Дуглас vi:Kirk Douglas zh:柯克·道格拉斯

:''For other people named Anthony Quinn see Anthony Quinn (disambiguation)''.

Coordinates	46°47′34″N23°31′30″N
Name	Anthony Quinn
Birth name	Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca
Birth date	April 21, 1915
Birth place	Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
Death date	June 03, 2001
Death place	Boston, Massachusetts,United States
Occupation	Actor, painter, writer, film director
Years active	1936–2001
Spouse	Katherine DeMille (1937–65; 5 children)Jolanda Addolori (1966–97; 3 Children)Kathy Benvin (1997–2001; 2 children)
Partner	Friedel Dunbar(2 children) }}

Antonio Rodolfo Quinn-Oaxaca (April 21, 1915 – June 3, 2001), more commonly known as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-born American actor, as well as a painter and writer. He starred in numerous critically acclaimed and commercially successful films, including ''Zorba the Greek'', ''Lawrence of Arabia'', ''The Guns of Navarone'', ''The Message'', ''Guns for San Sebastian'', ''Lion of the Desert'' and Federico Fellini's ''La strada''. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor twice; for ''Viva Zapata!'' in 1952 and ''Lust for Life'' in 1956.

Early life

Quinn was born Antonio Rodolfo Quinn-Oaxaca in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution. His mother, Manuela "Nellie" Oaxaca, was of Aztec Indian ancestry. His father, Francisco Quinn, was also born in Mexico, to an Irish immigrant father from County Cork and a Mexican mother. Frank Quinn rode with Pancho Villa, then later moved to Los Angeles and became an assistant cameraman at a movie studio. In Quinn's autobiography ''The Original Sin: A Self-Portrait by Anthony Quinn'' he denied being the son of an "Irish adventurer" and attributed that tale to Hollywood publicists.

When he was six years old, Quinn attended a Catholic church (even thinking he wanted to become a priest). At age eleven, however, he joined the Pentecostals in the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (the Pentecostal followers of Aimee Semple McPherson).

Quinn grew up first in El Paso, Texas, and later the Boyle Heights and the Echo Park areas of Los Angeles, California. He attended Hammel Street Elementary School, Belvedere Junior High School, Polytechnic High School and finally Belmont High School with future baseball player and ''General Hospital'' star, John Beradino, but left before graduating. Tucson High School in Arizona, many years later, awarded him an honorary high school diploma.

As a young man Quinn boxed professionally to earn money, then studied art and architecture under Frank Lloyd Wright, both at Wright's Arizona residence and his Wisconsin studio, Taliesin. The two very different men became friends. When Quinn mentioned he was drawn to acting, Wright encouraged him. Quinn said he had been offered $800 a week by a film studio and didn't know what to do. Wright replied, "Take it, you'll never make that much with me."

In a rerun of an interview done with Anthony Quinn in 1999 for Turner Classic Movies' "Private Screenings with Robert Osborne" (repeated 21 April 2009), Mr. Quinn said that the contract was for $300 a week.

Career

After a short time performing on the stage, Quinn launched his film career performing character roles in the 1936 films ''Parole'' (his debut) and ''The Milky Way''. He played "ethnic" villains in Paramount films such as ''Dangerous to Know'' (1938) and ''Road to Morocco'', and played a more sympathetic Crazy Horse in ''They Died with Their Boots On'' with Errol Flynn. By 1947, he had appeared in over 50 films and had played Indians, Mafia dons, Hawaiian chiefs, Filipino freedom-fighters, Chinese guerrillas, and Arab sheiks, but was still not a major star. He returned to the theater, playing Stanley Kowalski in ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' on Broadway. In 1947, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

He came back to Hollywood in the early 1950s, specializing in tough roles. He was cast in a series of B-adventures such as ''Mask of the Avenger'' (1951). His big break came from playing opposite Marlon Brando in Elia Kazan's ''Viva Zapata!'' (1952). Quinn wanted to play the lead role of Zapata but Brando coming off his recent success in the film ''Streetcar Named Desire'' was Kazan's first choice. However his supporting role as Zapata's brother won Quinn an Oscar while Brando lost the Oscar for Best Actor to Gary Cooper in ''High Noon''. He was the first Mexican-American to win any Academy Award. He appeared in several Italian films starting in 1953, turning in one of his best performances as a dim-witted, thuggish and volatile strongman in Federico Fellini's ''La strada'' (1954) opposite Giulietta Masina. Quinn won his second Oscar for Best Supporting Actor by portraying the painter Paul Gauguin in Vincente Minnelli's van Gogh biopic, ''Lust for Life'' (1956). The award was remarkable as he was on screen for only 8 minutes. The following year, he received an Oscar nomination for his part in George Cukor's ''Wild Is the Wind''. In ''The River's Edge'' (1957), he played the husband of the former girlfriend (played by Debra Paget) of a killer (Ray Milland), who turns up with a stolen fortune and forces Quinn and Paget at gunpoint to guide him safely to Mexico. Quinn starred in ''The Savage Innocents'' 1959 (film) as Inuk, an Eskimo who finds himself caught between two clashing cultures.

As the decade ended, Quinn allowed his age to show and began his transformation into a major character actor. His physique filled out, his hair grayed, and his once smooth, swarthy face weathered and became more rugged. He played a Greek resistance fighter in ''The Guns of Navarone'' (1961), an ideal ex-boxer in ''Requiem for a Heavyweight'', and a natural for the role of Auda abu Tayi in ''Lawrence of Arabia'' (both 1962). That year he also played the title role in ''Barabbas'', based on a novel by Pär Lagerkvist. The success of ''Zorba the Greek'' in 1964 was the high water mark of his career and resulted in another Oscar nomination for Best Actor. Other films include ''The 25th Hour'' (1967), with Virna Lisi; ''The Magus'' (1968), with Michael Caine and Candice Bergen, and based on the novel by John Fowles; La Bataille de San Sebastian (''Guns for San Sebastian'') with Charles Bronson; and ''The Shoes of the Fisherman'', where he played a Ukrainian pope. In 1969, he starred in ''The Secret of Santa Vittoria'' with Anna Magnani.

He appeared on Broadway to great acclaim in ''Becket'', as King Henry II to Laurence Olivier's Thomas Becket in 1960. An erroneous story arose in later years that during the run, Quinn and Olivier switched roles and Quinn played Becket to Olivier's King. In fact, Quinn left the production for a film, never having played Becket, and director Peter Glenville suggested a road tour with Olivier as Henry. Olivier happily agreed and Arthur Kennedy took on the role of Becket for the tour and brief return to Broadway.

In 1971, after the success of a TV movie named ''The City'', where Quinn played Mayor Thomas Jefferson Alcala, he starred in the single-season ABC television series entitled ''The Man and the City''. Though the program was filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the name of the city is not disclosed on the program. His subsequent television appearances were sporadic, among them ''Jesus of Nazareth''.

In 1977, he starred in the movie ''Mohammad, Messenger of God'' (also known as ''The Message''), about the origin of Islam, as Hamzah, a highly revered warrior instrumental in the early stages of Islam. In 1982, he starred in the ''Lion of the Desert'', together with Irene Papas, Oliver Reed, Rod Steiger, and John Gielgud. Quinn played the real-life Bedouin leader Omar Mukhtar who fought Benito Mussolini's Italian troops in the deserts of Libya. The film, produced and directed by Moustapha Akkad, is now critically acclaimed, but performed poorly at the box office because of negative publicity in the West at the time of its release, stemming from its having been partially funded by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi. In 1983, he reprised his most famous role, playing Zorba the Greek for 362 performances in a successful revival of the Kander and Ebb musical ''Zorba''. Quinn performed in this musical both on Broadway in New York City and at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C,

Quinn's film career slowed during the 1990s, but he nonetheless continued to work steadily, appearing in ''Revenge'' (1990), ''Jungle Fever'' (1991), ''Last Action Hero'' (1993), ''A Walk in the Clouds'' (1995) and ''Seven Servants'' (1996). In 1994, he played Zeus in the five TV movies that led to the syndicated series ''Hercules: The Legendary Journeys''. (However, he did not continue in the actual series, and the role was eventually filled by several other actors).

Quinn made an appearance at the John Gotti trial, according to John H. Davis, author of ''Mafia Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the Gambino Crime Family''. He told reporters he wanted to play Paul Castellano, the boss of the Gambino family after Carlo Gambino. Gotti had Castellano murdered, becoming the boss of the Gambino family thereafter. Gotti was on trial concerning a variety of felony charges when Quinn visited the court room. Although he tried to shake hands with Gotti, federal marshals prevented him from doing so, Davis says. The actor interpreted the testimony of Sammy ("The Bull") Gravano, Gotti's underboss, against Gotti as "a friend who betrays a friend." He hadn't come to "judge" Gotti, Quinn insisted, but because he wanted to portray Castellano, who inspired the actor because he had had a "thirty-year-old" mistress, which Quinn believed was "a beautiful thing." He would later portray Gambino family underboss Aniello Dellacroce in the 1996 HBO film ''Gotti''. Armand Assante portrayed John Gotti and Richard C. Sarafian portrayed Paul Castellano. Quinn was nominated for a Golden Globe for his performance as Dellacroce.

Painting and writing

Art critic Donald Kuspit, explains, "examining Quinn's many expressions of creativity together—his art and acting—we can see that he was a creative genius..."

Early in life Quinn had interest in painting and drawing. Throughout his teenage years he won various art competitions in California and focused his studies at Polytechnic High School in Los Angeles on drafting. Later, Quinn studied briefly under Frank Lloyd Wright through the Taliesin Fellowship—an opportunity created by winning first prize in an architectural design contest. Through Wright's recommendation, Quinn took acting lessons as a form of post-operative speech therapy, which led to an acting career that spanned over six decades.

Apart from art classes taken in Chicago during the 1950s, Quinn never attended art school; nonetheless, taking advantage of books, museums, and amassing a sizable collection, he managed to give himself an effective education in the language of modern art. Although Quinn remained mostly self-taught, intuitively seeking out and exploring new ideas, there is observable history in his work because he had assiduously studied the modernist masterpieces on view in the galleries of New York, Mexico City, Paris, and London. When filming on location around the world, Quinn was exposed to regional contemporary art styles exhibited at local galleries and studied art history in each area.

In an endless search for inspiration, he was influenced by his Mexican ancestry, decades of residency in Europe, and lengthy stays in Africa and the Middle East while filming in the 1970s and 1980s.

By the early 1980s, his work had caught the eyes of various gallery owners and was exhibited internationally, in New York, Los Angeles, Paris, and Mexico City. His work is now represented in both public and private collections throughout the world.

He wrote two memoirs, ''The Original Sin'' (1972) and ''One Man Tango'' (1997), a number of scripts, and a series of unpublished stories currently in the collection of his archive.

Personal life

Quinn's personal life was as volatile and passionate as the characters he played in films. His first wife was the adopted daughter of Cecil B. DeMille, the actress Katherine DeMille, whom he married in 1937. The couple had five children: Christopher (born 1939), Christina (born December 1, 1941), Catalina (born November 21, 1942), Duncan (born August 4, 1945), and Valentina (born December 26, 1952). Their first child, Christopher, aged 2, drowned in the swimming pool of next-door neighbor W.C. Fields. Quinn and DeMille were divorced in 1965.

The following year, he married Italian film costume designer Jolanda Addolori. They had three children: Francesco (March 22, 1963 – August 5, 2011), Danny (born April 16, 1964), and Lorenzo (born May 7, 1966). The union ended in 1997, after Quinn fathered a child with his secretary, Katherine Benvin. He then married Benvin, with whom he had two children, Antonia (born July 23, 1993) and Ryan Nicholas (born July 5, 1996). Quinn and Benvin remained together until his death.

Quinn also fathered two other children with Friedel Dunbar: Sean Quinn (born February 7, 1973), a New Jersey real estate agent, and Alexander Anthony Quinn (born December 30, 1976), an event producer in Los Angeles, CA.

Death

Quinn spent his last years in Bristol, Rhode Island. He died aged 86 in Boston, Massachusetts from pneumonia and respiratory failure while suffering from throat cancer shortly after completing his role in his last film, ''Avenging Angelo'' (2002).

His funeral was held in the First Baptist Church in America in the College Hill section of Providence, Rhode Island; late in life, he had joined the Foursquare evangelical Christian community. He is buried in a family plot in Bristol, Rhode Island.

Tributes

There is a statue of Anthony Quinn (a native son of Chihuahua) doing his famous "Zorba the Greek" dance In Chihuahua Mexico

On January 5, 1982, the Belvedere County Public Library in East Los Angeles was renamed in honor of Anthony Quinn. The present library sits on the site of his family's former home.

There is an Anthony Quinn Bay and Beach in Rhodes, Dodecanese, Greece, just 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the village of Faliraki (aka Falirakion or Falirákion). The land was bought by Quinn during the filming of ''The Guns of Navarone'' in Rhodes; however, it was reclaimed by the Greek government in 1984 due to a change in property law.

The National Council of La Raza gives the Anthony Quinn Award for excellence in motion pictures as an ALMA Award.

Filmography

''Night Waitress'' (1936)

''The Milky Way'' (1936)

''Parole'' (1936)

''Sworn Enemy'' (1936)

''The Plainsman'' (1936)

''Swing High, Swing Low'' (1937)

''Waikiki Wedding'' (1937)

''Under Strange Flags'' (1937)

''The Last Train from Madrid'' (1937)

''Partners in Crime'' (1937)

''Daughter of Shanghai'' (1937)

''The Buccaneer'' (1938)

''Dangerous to Know'' (1938)

''Tip-Off Girls'' (1938)

''Hunted Men'' (1938)

''Bulldog Drummond in Africa'' (1938)

''King of Alcatraz'' (1938)

''King of Chinatown'' (1939)

''Union Pacific'' (1939)

''Island of Lost Men'' (1939)

''Television Spy'' (1939)

''Emergency Squad'' (1940)

''Parole Fixer'' (1940)

''Road to Singapore'' (1940)

''The Ghost Breakers'' (1940)

''City for Conquest'' (1940)

''The Texas Rangers Ride Again'' (1940)

''Knockout'' (1941)

''Thieves Fall Out'' (1941)

''Blood and Sand'' (1941)

''Bullets for O'Hara'' (1941)

''They Died with Their Boots On'' (1941)

''The Perfect Snob'' (1941)

''Larceny, Inc.'' (1942)

''Road to Morocco'' (1942)

''The Black Swan'' (1942)

''The Ox-Bow Incident'' (1943)

''Guadalcanal Diary'' (1943)

''Buffalo Bill'' (1944)

''Ladies of Washington'' (1944)

''Roger Touhy, Gangster'' (1944)

''Irish Eyes Are Smiling'' (1944)

''China Sky'' (1945)

''Where Do We Go from Here?'' (1945)

''Back to Bataan'' (1945)

''California'' (1946)

''Sinbad the Sailor'' (1947)

''The Imperfect Lady'' (1947)

''Black Gold'' (1947)

''Tycoon'' (1947)

''The Brave Bulls'' (1951)

''Mask of the Avenger'' (1951)

''Viva Zapata!'' (1952)

''The Brigand'' (1952)

''The World in His Arms'' (1952)

''Against All Flags'' (1952)

''Funniest Show on Earth'' (1953)

''Cavalleria rusticana'' (1953)

''City Beneath the Sea'' (1953)

''Seminole'' (1953)

''Ride, Vaquero!'' (1953)

''East of Sumatra'' (1953)

''Blowing Wild'' (1953)

''Angels of Darkness'' (1954)

''The Long Wait'' (1954)

''La strada'' (1954)

''Ulysses'' (1954)

''Attila'' (1954)

''The Magnificent Matador'' (1955)

''The Naked Street'' (1955)

''Seven Cities Of Gold'' (1955)

''Lust for Life'' (1956)

''Man from Del Rio'' (1956)

''The Hunchback of Notre Dame'' (1956)

''The Wild Party'' (1956)

''The River's Edge'' (1957)

''The Ride Back'' (1957)

''Wild Is the Wind'' (1957)

''Hot Spell'' (1958)

''The Black Orchid'' (1958)

''Warlock'' (1959)

''Last Train from Gun Hill'' (1959)

''Heller in Pink Tights'' (1960)

''The Savage Innocents'' (1960)

''Portrait in Black'' (1960)

''The Guns of Navarone'' (1961)

''Barabbas'' (1961)

''Requiem for a Heavyweight'' (1962)

''Lawrence of Arabia'' (1962)

''The Visit'' (1964)

''Behold a Pale Horse'' (1964)

''Zorba the Greek'' (1964)

''A High Wind in Jamaica'' (1965)

''Marco the Magnificent'' (1965)

''Lost Command'' (1966)

''The Rover'' (1967)

''The Happening" ([1967 in film [1967]])

''The 25th Hour'' (1967)

''Guns for San Sebastian'' (1967)

''The Shoes of the Fisherman'' (1968)

''The Magus'' (1968)

''The Secret of Santa Vittoria'' (1969)

''A Dream of Kings'' (1969)

''A Walk in the Spring Rain'' (1970)

''R. P. M.'' (1970)

''Flap'' (1970)

''Deaf Smith & Johnny Ears'' (1972)

''Arruza'' (1972) (documentary) (narrator)

''Across 110th Street'' (1972)

''The Don Is Dead'' (1973)

''The Marseille Contract'' (1974)

''Target of an Assassin'' (1976)

''The Con Artists'' (1976)

''The Inheritance'' (1976)

''Bluff'' (1976)

''The Message'' (1976)

''Jesus of Nazareth'' (1977 television)

''The Greek Tycoon'' (1978)

''Caravans'' (1978)

''The Children of Sanchez'' (1978)

''The Passage'' (1979)

''The Salamander'' (1981)

''Crosscurrent'' (1981)

''Lion of the Desert'' (1981)

''High Risk'' (1981)

''Regina Roma'' (1982)

''Valentina'' (1982)

''L'isola del tesoro (Treasure Island in space)'' (1987)

''Onassis: The Richest Man in the World'' (1988)

''Stradivari'' (1989)

''A Man of Passion'' (1989)

''The Old Man and the Sea'' (1990)

''Ghosts Can't Do It'' (1990)

''Revenge'' (1990)

''A Star for Two'' (1991)

''Only the Lonely'' (1991)

''Jungle Fever'' (1991)

''Mobsters'' (1991)

''Last Action Hero'' (1993)

''Somebody to Love'' (1994)

''A Walk in the Clouds'' (1995)

''Gotti'' (1995)

''The Mayor'' (1996)

''Seven Servants'' (1996)

''Land Guns'' (1999)

''Oriundi'' (1999)

''From Russia to Hollywood: The 100-Year Odyssey of Chekhov and Shdanoff'' (2002) (documentary)

''Avenging Angelo'' (2001)

Short subjects

''Van Gogh: Darkness Into Light'' (1956)

''San Sebastian 1746 in 1968'' (1968)

''The Voice of La Raza'' (1972) (narrator)

''The Assassination of Julius Caesar'' (1972)

Awards

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Awards |- |1952 |''Viva Zapata!'' |Eufemio Zapata |Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor |- |1956 |''Lust for Life'' |Paul Gauguin |Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture |- |1957 |''Wild Is the Wind'' |Gino |Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor |- |1964 |''Zorba the Greek'' |Alexis Zorba |National Board of Review Award for Best ActorNominated — Academy Award for Best ActorNominated — BAFTA Award for Best Foreign ActorNominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama |- |}

References

External links

The Estate of Anthony Quinn

Anthony Quinn's artwork

Becker, Josh. "Directing Anthony Quinn"

The Making of ''Lawrence of Arabia'', ''BAFTA Journal'', Winter 1962-3

"Unquelled Persona: encountering the artwork of Anthony Quinn", ''ArtsEditor.com'', 2008

Category:1915 births Category:2001 deaths Category:American evangelicals Category:American Pentecostals Category:American film actors Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:Cancer deaths in Massachusetts Category:Deaths from pneumonia Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer Category:Former Roman Catholics Category:Hispanic and Latino American actors Category:Mexican emigrants to the United States Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Members of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel Category:Mexican film actors Category:Aztec people Category:American people of Native American descent Category:American people of Mexican descent Category:Mexican evangelicals Category:Mexican people of indigenous peoples descent Category:Mexican people of Irish descent Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Chihuahua, Chihuahua Category:Spaghetti Western actors Category:Western (genre) film actors Category:Mexican expatriates in the United States Category:People from Echo Park, Los Angeles

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