A robe is a loose-fitting outer garment. A robe is distinguished from a cape or cloak by the fact that it usually has sleeves. The English word ''robe'' derives from Middle English ''robe'' ("garment"), borrowed from Old French ''robe'' ("booty, spoils"), itself taken from the Frankish word *''rouba'' ("spoils, things stolen, clothes"), and is related to the word ''rob''. There are various types of robes, including:

A gown worn as part of the academic regalia of faculty or students, especially for ceremonial occasions, such as a convocations, congregations or graduations.

A gown worn as part of the attire of a judge or barrister.

A wide variety of long, flowing religious dress including pulpit robes and the robes worn by various types of monks.

A gown worn as part of the official dress of a peer or royalty.

Any of several women's fashions, as ''robe d'anglaise'' (18th century), "robe de style" (1920s).

A gown worn in fantasy literature and role-playing games by wizards and other magical characters.

An informal "house robe" worn chiefly in the home by women in the southeastern United States.

An absorbent "bath robe" worn mostly after washing or swimming.

*One such example is a ''bathrobe'', a garment made of terrycloth or another towel-like material and is typically worn at home after a bath or other activities where the wearer is nude to keep warm and/or preserve modesty in times of no immediate need to fully dress. (Also called a house coat.) See, for example, that worn by the fictional character Arthur Dent.

(Informal usage) Any long flowing garment; for example, a cassock is sometimes called a ''robe'', despite the fact that the cassock is close-fitting.

See also

Abaya

Kaftan

Academic stole

Clothing

Seamless robe of Jesus - Biblical relic

Senegalese kaftan

''The Robe'' - film

Tricivara - Buddhist monastic robe

Category:Academic dress Category:Judicial clothing Category:Nightwear Category:Costume design Category:Religious vesture

cs:Talár de:Talar io:Robo ja:ローブ it:Roba pt:Beca ru:Риза (церковная утварь) simple:Robe fi:Kaapu sv:Talar id:Jubah

Wes King (20 January 1966 - ), born in Winder, Georgia, is an American contemporary-Christian singer, songwriter, and musician. He is perhaps best known for his 1993 album ''The Robe.'' For a very brief period in the late 1980s, he attended Covenant College outside of Chattanooga, Tennessee. He also led worship at Christian youth retreat camps.

In 2005, King was diagnosed with lymphoma, and the tribute album ''Life Is Precious: A Wes King Tribute'' was released in July 2006 to raise money for his medical expenses (link below). This album's artists range from Addison Road to Derek Webb. King and his wife, Fran (the sister of former U.S. Congresswoman Katherine Harris), have three children.

As of 2006, King had received measurable results from aggressive chemotherapy. In an interview when asked what was next, he responded that he would have to see what the Lord has for him and that he wanted to be obedient and proactive for God's kingdom. He stated that he wishes use his gifts for God's glory. "I don't equate fulfilling God's purpose in life by selling a certain amount of records, so I'm ready for whatever he has for me."

Wes King is recovering at home from his chemo treatments and he is gaining strength daily. He is spending time with his family and spending as much time as he can in his home studio.

Discography

1987: ''The Lonely Poet'' (released on tape and available for donation to cover medical expenses)

1990: ''The Ultimate Underlying No Denying Motivation'' (Reunion Records)

1991: ''Sticks and Stones''

1993: ''The Robe''

1995: ''Common Creed''

1997: ''A Room Full of Stories'' (Sparrow Records)

2001: ''What Matters Most''

Tributes

2005: ''Life Is Precious: A Wes King Tribute'' http://www.wesking.com/news.html

References

External links

Category:Living people Category:American Christians Category:American performers of Christian music Category:Christian religion-related songwriters Category:Calvinist artists and writers Category:1966 births Category:People from Barrow County, Georgia

name	Jay Robinson
birth date	April 14, 1930
birth place	New York City, New YorkUnited States
occupation	Film, television actor
yearsactive	1953-present
spouse	(her death) }}

Jay Robinson (born April 14, 1930) is an American actor specialising in character roles. He was born in New York City, New York.

Career

Robinson began his acting career in summer stock theatre and repertory companies, and eventually made his way to the Broadway stage, where he appeared in Shakespeare's ''As You Like It'' and ''Much Ado About Nothing''.

Robinson's first film role was as the insane Emperor Caligula in ''The Robe'' (1953), which he reprised in ''Demetrius and the Gladiators'' (1954). This was followed by roles in ''The Virgin Queen'' (1955) starring Bette Davis, ''My Man Godfrey'' (1957) with David Niven and June Allyson and ''Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)'' (1972), the Woody Allen comedy and ''Bram Stoker's Dracula''.

He was also featured on two Folkways albums of Shakespeare: ''Othello: William Shakespeare'' and ''William Shakespeare: King Richard III'', which were both released in 1964.

Although Robinson is perhaps most well known to American audiences as the host and narrator for the Discovery Channel special (and later series) ''Beyond Bizarre'', his many television guest spots include ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' ("Elaan of Troyius"), the soap opera ''Days of our Lives'' (Monty, the homeless drunk), ''Planet of the Apes'' and the late 1970s title role in Sid & Marty Krofft's ''Dr. Shrinker'', prominently featured on ''The Krofft Supershow''. He also guest-starred as Cassius Thorne in the ''Buck Rogers in the 25th Century'' episode "Planet of the Amazon Women". He also appeared in two episodes of the situation comedy ''Bewitched'' with Elizabeth Montgomery.He also appeared in a episode of Tales of the Gold Monkey as the Governor in "Last Chance Louie", and as the Maitre d on episode 2x02 "The Playwright" of ''The Nanny'' .

He also appeared in "Born Again," the movie adaptation of the book of the same title, about Watergate figure, Charles W. Colson. Robinson played Colson's attorney. Dean Jones starred as Colson.

His distinctive voice is often confused with that of actor and voice-over artist Tony Jay.

Personal life

Robinson has married twice: Pauline Flowers from 1960 until her death in 2002, and Gloria Casas since 2004.

External links

Internet Accuracy Project profile

Robinson Discography at Smithsonian Folkways

Category:1930 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American film actors Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:People from New York City

it:Jay Robinson

name	Victor Mature
birth name	Victor John Mature
birth date	January 29, 1913
birth place	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
death date	August 04, 1999
death place	Rancho Santa Fe, California, U.S.
occupation	Actor
years active	1939–84
spouse	}}

Victor John Mature (January 29, 1913 – August 4, 1999) was an American stage, film and television actor.

Early life

Mature was born in Louisville, Kentucky to an Italian-speaking father from the town Pinzolo, in the Italian part of the former County of Tyrol (now Trentino in Italy, at that time Austrian-Hungarian Empire), Marcello Gelindo Maturi, later Marcellus George Mature, a cutler, and a Kentucky-born mother of Swiss-American heritage, Clara P. Ackley. An older brother, Marcellus Paul Mature, died at 11 in 1918 from osteomyelitis. Victor Mature was educated at parochial schools, the Kentucky Military Institute and the Spencerian Business School. He briefly sold candy and operated a restaurant before moving to California.

Discovered while on stage at the Pasadena Community Playhouse, his first leading role was as a fur-clad caveman in ''One Million B.C.'' (1940), after which he joined 20th Century Fox to star opposite actresses such as Betty Grable and Rita Hayworth.

World War II

In July 1942 Mature attempted to enlist in the U.S. Navy but was rejected for color blindness. He enlisted in the U.S. Coast Guard after taking a different eye test the same day. He was assigned to the , which was doing Greenland patrol work. After 14 months aboard the Storis, Mature was promoted to the rate of Chief Boatswain's Mate. In 1944 he did a series of War Bond tours and acted in morale shows. He assisted Coast Guard recruiting efforts by being a featured player in the musical revue ''"Tars and Spars"'' which opened in Miami, Florida in April 1944 and toured the United States for the next year. In May 1945 Mature was reassigned to the Coast Guard manned troop transport which was involved in transferring troops to the Pacific Theater. Mature was honorably discharged from the Coast Guard in November 1945 and he resumed his acting career.

Film career

After the war, Mature was cast by John Ford in ''My Darling Clementine'', playing Doc Holliday opposite Henry Fonda's Wyatt Earp. For the next decade, Mature settled into playing hard-boiled characters in a range of genres such as film noir, Westerns, and Biblical motion pictures like ''The Robe'' (with Richard Burton and Jean Simmons) and its sequel, ''Demetrius and the Gladiators'' (with Susan Hayward). Mature also starred with Hedy Lamarr in Cecil B. DeMille's Biblical epic, ''Samson and Delilah'' (1949) and as Horemheb in ''The Egyptian'' (1954) with Jean Simmons and Gene Tierney. He reportedly stated he was successful in Biblical epics because he could "make with the holy look".

He also starred with Esther Williams in ''Million Dollar Mermaid'' (1952) and, according to her autobiography, had a romantic relationship with her.

After five years of retirement, he was lured back into acting by the opportunity to parody himself in ''After the Fox'' (1966), co-written by Neil Simon. In a similar vein in 1968 he played a giant, The Big Victor, in ''Head'', a potpourri movie starring The Monkees. The character poked fun at both his screen image and, reportedly, RCA Victor who distributed Colgems Records, the Monkees's label. Mature enjoyed the script while admitting it made no sense to him, stating "All I know is it makes me laugh."

Mature was famously self-deprecatory about his acting skills. Once, after being rejected for membership in a country club because he was an actor, he cracked, "I'm not an actor — and I've got sixty-four films to prove it!" He was quoted in 1968 on his acting career: "Actually, I am a golfer. That is my real occupation. I never was an actor. Ask anybody, particularly the critics."

Death

Victor Mature died of leukemia in 1999, at his Rancho Santa Fe, California home, at the age of 86. He was buried in the family plot at St. Michael's Cemetery in his hometown of Louisville.

For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Victor Mature has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6780 Hollywood Blvd.

Selected filmography

+ Feature films
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1940	''Captain Caution''	Dan Marvin
1940	''One Million B.C.''	Tumak	Alternative title: ''Cave Man''
1940		William Trainor
1941	''I Wake Up Screaming''	Frankie Christopher (Botticelli)	Alternative title: ''Hot Spot''
1941	''''	Doctor Omar
1942	''My Gal Sal''	Paul Dresser
1942	''Seven Days Leave''
1942	''Song of the Islands''
1943	''Show Business at War''	Himself	Short subject
1946	''My Darling Clementine''	Dr. John "Doc" Holliday
1947		Nick Bianco
1948	''Cry of the City''	Lt. Candella
1949		Danny James
1949		Pete Wilson
1949		Samson
1952	''''	Lt. Dave Andrews
1952	''Million Dollar Mermaid''	James Sullivan
1952		Captain
1953	''Affair with a Stranger''	Bill Blakeley
1953	''''	Demetrius
1954	''Dangerous Mission''	Matt Hallett	Alternative title: ''Rangers of the North''
1954	''Demetrius and the Gladiators''	Demetrius
1954	''''	Horemheb
1954		The Scarf
1955		Chief Crazy Horse
1955	''The Last Frontier (1955 Film)''	Jed Cooper
1955	''Violent Saturday''	Shelley Martin
1956	''Zarak''	Zarak Khan
1956		Ken Duffield
1957		Charles Sturgis	Alternative title: ''Pickup Alley''
1957	''''	Harry Miller
1958	''No Time to Die''	Sgt. David H. Thatcher	Alternative title: ''Tank Force''
1959	''''	Henry Jasper "Hank" Whirling
1959		Hannibal	Alternative title: ''Annibale''
1966	''After the Fox''	Tony Powell
1968		The Big Victor
1972	''Every Little Crook and Nanny''	Carmine Ganucci
1976	''Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood''	Nick
1979		Harold Everett

+ Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1977		Dr. John "Doc" Holliday
1984		Manoah	Television movie

References

External links

Mature's Matinee - The Victor Mature Fan Club and Website

Category:1913 births Category:1999 deaths Category:People from Louisville, Kentucky Category:American people of Swiss-Italian descent Category:Actors from Kentucky Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:American film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:Cancer deaths in California Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:People from Rancho Santa Fe, California Category:United States Coast Guard personnel

an:Victor Mature ca:Victor Mature de:Victor Mature es:Victor Mature fr:Victor Mature it:Victor Mature ja:ヴィクター・マチュア no:Victor Mature pt:Victor Mature ro:Victor Mature ru:Мэтьюр, Виктор sh:Victor Mature fi:Victor Mature sv:Victor Mature

name	Yusef Lateef
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	William Emanuel Huddleston
born	October 09, 1920Chattanooga, TennesseeUnited States
instrument	Tenor saxophone, flute, oboe, bassoon, bamboo flute, shehnai, shofar, arghul, koto
genre	New Age music, jazz, jazz fusion, swing, autophysiopsychic music
occupation	Musician, author
years active	1957–present
label	Savoy, Prestige, Verve, Riverside, Impulse, Atlantic, CTI, YAL Records
associated acts	Cannonball Adderley, Elvin Jones, Adam Rudolph
notable instruments	}}

Dr. Yusef Lateef (born William Emanuel Huddleston; October 9, 1920) is an American Grammy Award-winning jazz multi-instrumentalist, composer, educator and a spokesman for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community after his conversion to the Ahmadiyya sect of Islam in 1950. Although Lateef's main instruments are the tenor saxophone and flute, he is known for his innovative blending of jazz with 'Eastern' music. In addition to the oboe and bassoon, both rare in jazz, Lateef plays various world music instruments, notably the bamboo flute, shanai, shofar, arghul, sarewa, and koto.

Biography

Early life and career

Lateef was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, but his family moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1925.

Throughout his early life Lateef came into contact with many Detroit-based jazz musicians who would gain prominence, including vibraphonist Milt Jackson, bassist Paul Chambers, drummer Elvin Jones, and guitarist Kenny Burrell. Lateef was a proficient saxophonist by the time of his graduation from high school at age 18, at which point he launched his professional career and began touring with a number of swing bands.

In 1949, Lateef was invited by Dizzy Gillespie to tour with his orchestra. At this time, Lateef was known by the name William Evans, thereby making him one of three well-known jazz musicians besides Bill Evans the pianist and Bill Evans the tenor saxophonist bearing the same surname. Notably, all three played with Miles Davis during their careers.

In 1950, Lateef returned to Detroit and began his studies in composition and flute at Wayne State University. It was during this period that Lateef converted to Islam as a member of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

Prominence

Lateef began recording as a leader in 1957 for Savoy Records, a non-exclusive association which continued until 1959; the earliest of Lateef's album's for the Prestige subsidiary New Jazz overlap with them. Musicians such as Wilbur Harden and Hugh Lawson were among his collaborators during this period.

By 1961, with the recording of ''Into Something'' and ''Eastern Sounds'', Lateef's dominant presence within a group context had emerged. His 'Eastern' influences are clearly audible in all of these recordings, with spots for instruments like the rahab, shanai, arghul, koto and a collection of Chinese wooden flutes and bells along with his tenor and flute. Even his use of the western oboe sounds exotic in this context; it is not a standard jazz instrument. Indeed the tunes themselves are a mixture of jazz standards, blues and film music usually performed with a piano/bass/drums rhythm section in support. Along with trumpeter Don Cherry, Lateef can lay claim to being among the first exponents of the world music as subgenres of jazz. Lateef also made numerous contributions to other people's albums including his time as a member of saxophonist Cannonball Adderley's Quintet during 1962-64.

Lateef's sound has been claimed to have been a major influence on the saxophonist John Coltrane, whose later period free jazz recordings contain similarly 'Eastern' traits. For a time (1963–66) Lateef was signed to Coltrane's label, Impulse. He had a regular working group during this period, with trumpeter Richard Williams and Mike Nock on piano. They enjoyed a residency at Pep's Lounge during June 1964; an evening of which was issued across several albums.

In the late 1960s he began to incorporate contemporary soul and gospel phrasing into his music, still with a strong blues underlay, on albums such as ''Detroit'' and ''Hush'n'Thunder''.

Lateef has expressed a dislike of the terms "jazz" and "jazz musician" as musical generalizations. As is so often the case with such generalizations, the use of these terms do understate the breadth of his sound. For example, in the 1980s, Lateef experimented with new age and spiritual elements. His 1987 album ''Yusef Lateef's Little Symphony'' won the Grammy Award for Best New Age Album. His core influences, however, are clearly rooted in jazz, and in his own words: "My music is jazz."

In 1992, Lateef founded YAL Records, his own label for which he records today. In 1993, Lateef was commissioned by the WDR Radio Orchestra Cologne to compose ''The African American Epic Suite'', a four part work for orchestra and quartet based on themes of slavery and disfranchisement in the United States. The piece has since been performed by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.

Education and teaching

In 1960, Lateef again returned to school, studying flute at the Manhattan School of Music in New York. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Music in 1969 and a Master's Degree in Music Education in 1970. Starting in 1971, he taught courses in autophysiopsychic music at the Manhattan School of Music, and he became an associate professor at the Borough of Manhattan Community College in 1972.

In 1975, Lateef completed his dissertation on Western and Islamic education and earned a Ed.D. in Education from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

In the early 1980s Lateef was a Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Nigerian Cultural Studies at Ahmadu Bello University in the city of Zaria, Nigeria. Returning to the US in 1986 he took teaching positions at the University of Massachusetts and Amherst College. Presently, he continues to teach at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Hampshire College in western Massachusetts.

Lateef has written and published a number of books including two novellas entitled ''A Night in the Garden of Love'' and ''Another Avenue'', the short story collections ''Spheres'' and ''Rain Shapes'', also his autobiography, ''The Gentle Giant,'' written in collaboration with Herb Boyd.

Along with his record label YAL Records, Lateef owns Fana Music, a music publishing company. Lateef publishes his own work through Fana, which includes ''Yusef Lateef's Flute Book of the Blues'' and many of his own orchestral compositions.

Autophysiopsychic Music, Lateef's term, refers to music which comes from one's physical, mental, and spiritual self. Lateef has written extensively on the topic and includes it in his book ''Method To Perform Autophsyiopsychic Music''. In this view, it should be the goal of every musician to combine their theoretical knowledge with their life experience, and to offer to and accept knowledge from their personal source of strength, inspiration and knowledge.

Yusef's teaching of this music is very simple. It strays from what has become the standard dorian scale over the two chord, mixolydian over the five, and ionian over the one chord. You learn what works for you, and you embellish those notes.

Awards and honors

In 2010 he received lifetime the ''Jazz Master Fellowship Award'' from NEA, ''National Endowment for the Arts'' which is an independent federal agency.

''National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters'' is the highest honor given in Jazz established in 1982.

WGBH Jazz, a popular public radio from Boston, Massachusetts, aired a special-documentary program for Lateef titling ''A portrait of saxophonist Yusef Lateef in his own words and music''.

Discography

As leader

''The Sounds of Yusef'' (1957)

''Other Sounds'' (1957)

''Jazz Mood'' (1957)

''Prayer to the East'' (1957)

''Cry! - Tender'' (1959)

''Contemplation'' (1960)

''The Three Faces of Yusef Lateef'' (1960, Riverside Records)

''The Centaur and the Phoenix'' (1961 Riverside)

''Into Something'' (1961)

''Eastern Sounds'' (1961)

''Jazz 'Round the World'' (1963, Impulse!)

''Live at Pep's'' (1964, Impulse!)

''Psychicemotus'' (1965, Impulse!)

''A Flat, G Flat and C'' (1966, Impulse!)

''The Golden Flute'' (1966, Impulse!)

''1984'' (1966, Impulse!)

''The Blue Yusef Lateef'' (1968) - Kenny Burrell, Blue Mitchell and Cecil McBee

''Yusef Lateef's Detroit'' (1969)

''The Diverse Yusef Lateef'' (1970)

''Hush 'N' Thunder'' (1972)

''The Gentle Giant'' (1972)

''Part of the Search'' (1974)

''The Doctor is In... And Out'' (1974)

''Ten Years Hence'' (1975)

''Every Village Has a Song'' (1976)

''Autophysiopsychic'' (1978, CTI Records)

''In A Temple Garden'' (1979, CTI Records)

''Concerto for Yusef Lateef'' (1986)

''Yusef Lateef's Little Symphony'' (1987, Atlantic)

''The World at Peace'' (1997)

''Beyond the Sky'' (2000)

''Go: Organic Orchestra: In the Garden'' (2003)

''The Doctor is In and Out'' (2005)

''Nocturnes'' (2005)

''The Complete Yusef Lateef'' (2005)

''The Blue Yusef Lateef'' (2005)

''Influence'' with Lionel and Stéphane Belmondo (2005)

''10 Years Hence'' (2008)

As sideman

With Curtis Fuller

''Images of Curtis Fuller'' (1960; Savoy Records)

With Grant Green

''Grantstand'' (1961; Blue Note)

With Cannonball Adderley

''The Cannonball Adderley Sextet in New York'' (1962; Riverside)

''Cannonball in Europe!'' (1962; Riverside)

''Jazz Workshop Revisited'' (1962; Riverside)

''Autumn Leaves'' (1963; Riverside)

''Nippon Soul'' (1963; Riverside)

References

External links

Official website of Yusef Lateef

Billboard Discography - Billboard's complete discography of Yusef Lateef

Jazz Portraits from the WGBH Archives: Yusef Lateef a radio documentary from WGBH Radio Boston

Category:Avant-garde jazz musicians Category:American Ahmadis Category:American multi-instrumentalists Category:American jazz composers Category:American jazz flautists Category:American jazz tenor saxophonists Category:American jazz oboists Category:Hard bop oboists Category:Hard bop flautists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni Category:Manhattan School of Music alumni Category:Musicians from Detroit, Michigan Category:Wayne State University alumni Category:African American musicians Category:Savoy Records artists Category:Impulse! Records artists Category:Riverside Records artists Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:African American Muslims Category:1920 births Category:Living people Category:African American Muslims Category:Converts to Islam

ar:يوسف لطيف ca:Yusef Lateef da:Yusef Lateef de:Yusef Lateef es:Yusef Lateef eo:Yusef Lateef fa:یوسف لطیف fr:Yusef Lateef he:יוסף לטיף fi:Yusef Lateef sv:Yusef Lateef