Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
Airline	TransaeroТрансаэро
Logo	Transaero Airlines logo.svg
Logo size	250
Iata	UN
Icao	TSO
Callsign	TRANS SOVIET
Founded	1990
Headquarters	Domodedovo International AirportDomodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Key people	Olga Pleshakova (MD)
Hubs	Domodedovo International Airport
Frequent flyer	Transaero Privilege Program
Fleet size	67 (+27 orders)
Destinations	58
Website	www.transaero.ru

OJSC Transaero Airlines () or simply Transaero () is an airline with its head office on the grounds of Domodedovo International Airport, Domodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia. It operates scheduled and charter flights to more than 99 domestic and international destinations. Its main base is Domodedovo International Airport (DME), Moscow and Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg.

Transaero codeshares with bmi and Austrian Airlines.

History

of Transaero in 1997]] Transaero began as a charter airline with aircraft leased from Aeroflot. It was incorporated as a joint stock company on 28 December 1990 and was the first non-Aeroflot company approved for scheduled passenger services in the Soviet Union. Its first charter service was Moscow to Tel Aviv on November 5, 1991. In July 1992, Transaero received its own Ilyushin Il-86. It became the first non-Aeroflot airline to operate scheduled flights in Russia when it launched its Moscow - Norilsk flight in January 1993 followed by Kiev, Sochi and Almaty later the same year. Its first international scheduled route from Moscow to Tel Aviv was inaugurated in November 1993.

In April 1993, Transaero started operating western aircraft when it received its first Boeing 737-200, followed by its first Boeing 757-200 in April 1994.

Transaero was also the first Russian airline with a frequent flyer program, which established in 1995. It was also the first Russian airline with an FAA aircraft maintenance certificate, which it obtained in 1997. for a time in the mid 1990s.]] In December 1998 a weekly service between Moscow and London Gatwick was started. Transaero operated its first Boeing 737-700 in 1998, followed by Boeing 767-200 and Boeing 737-300 in 2002 and Boeing 767-300 and Boeing 737-400 in 2003. An agreement was signed to purchase 10 Tupolev Tu-214-300 in the same year. In 2005. Transaero became the first Russian passenger airline to operate the Boeing 747 when it started services on 11 July 2005 with a leased, ex-Virgin Atlantic Airways Boeing 747-200 on scheduled services from Moscow to Tel Aviv. The aircraft will also operate summer charter flights to holiday destinations.

In May 2005, Transaero added a flight between Moscow and Montreal, marking the first time the airline flew to Canada. On June 21, 2006, Transaero also began operating nonstop flights between Moscow and Toronto. The service to Toronto was temporarily suspended in September 2008, but has since been restored, whereas the service to Montreal has been cancelled as of 2009.

In November 2007 the airline announced a new scheduled bi-weekly service between Moscow and Sydney, Australia via Hong Kong, commencing December 24, 2007. The flight was operated by Boeing 767-300 equipment. This route is now cancelled.

The now quadruple daily London-Moscow bmi service is jointly operated by bmi in partnership with Transaero via a codeshare agreement. Bmi operates two daily services in each direction and Transero operates the other two. The two airlines also award frequent flyer miles for each other's flights and status miles on the LHR-DME route.

In October 2009 Austrian Airlines AG and Transaero Airlines have concluded a code-share agreement in Moscow on the routing Vienna to Moscow. Under the Agreement Austrian Airlines will put its code on Transaero's daily Moscow-Vienna-Moscow flight, while Transaero will put its code on one of the three daily Vienna-Moscow-Vienna flights which are operated by Austrian.

Destinations

Expansion into China and the U.S.

In October 2010, Transaero launched flights to Beijing, Miami and New York City. This marked the return of Transaero to the United States since cancelling service to Los Angeles. Beijing became the second Chinese destination past Sanya.

Codeshare agreements

Transaero has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: {| |- valign="top" |

airBaltic

Austrian Airlines

Belavia

BMI | EgyptAir Japan Airlines S7 Airlines |}

Star Alliance member airline Oneworld member airline

Fleet

landing at Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport]]

The Transaero fleet includes the following aircraft (at January 2011):

|- |Tupolev Tu-214 |3 |7 |0 |8 |0 |174 |182 |2x Aviadvigatel PS-90A | |- !Total !67 !27 !colspan=7| |}

Orders

Transaero has negotiated a deal with Continental Airlines to purchase 10 of their Boeing 737-500 aircraft still in their fleet. Transaero is planning to replace all of its Boeing 747-200s with used Boeing 747-400s. The first replacement entered service at the end of 2007. It plans to convert the -200s into freighter versions to 'develop Transaero's cargo traffic'. Transaero will receive 4 ex-Singapore Airlines Boeing 777-300 aircraft in 2011. In December 2010, Transaero announced that they would increase their order to twelve 747-400 airliners.

Premium Economy Class: Premium Economy Class offers the same seat width as Tourist Economy but a greater seat pitch of just under 35.5 inches and enhanced recline features for a recline of 29 degrees. Transaero also offers a larger choice of meals to Premium Economy travellers as well as an amenity kit for flights over 3 hours. The In-Flight-Entertainment system is available for a small fee. Passengers flying Premium Economy will also be able to make use of a dedicated check-in desk at selected airports.

Business Class: Business Class offers passengers a wider seat than Premium Economy along with additional legroom and deeper recline. Each seat has two armrests and In-Flight-Entertainment is free of charge and includes a larger selection of music, movies and television. The menus offer more choice, better quality food than Premium Economy and there are free taxi transfers from Moscow Airports on some international routes.

Imperial Class: Imperial Class is Transaero's First Class. The seats offer extra privacy and are the widest seats of all on the aircraft. The seat reclines fully flat to form a large bed for passengers and the food on offered is either Russian or European. Complimentary taxi transfers are available for Imperial Class passengers.

Safety record

Transaero has a safety record among the best of any Russian-based carrier. There have been no incidents with fatalities to date.

See also

References

External links

Official website

Category:Airlines of Russia Category:Airlines established in 1990 Category:IATA members Category:Companies based in Moscow

Coordinates	40°26′30″N80°00′00″N
Name	Yul Brynner
Caption	from the trailer for The Ten Commandments (1956)
Birth name	Yuliy Borisovich Bryner
Birth date	July 11, 1920
Birth place	Vladivostok, Primorye, Russia
Death date	October 10, 1985
Death place	New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1941–1985
Spouse	(divorced) (divorced) (divorced) (his death)}}

Yul Brynner (, Julij Borisovič Briner; July 11, 1920 October 10, 1985) was a Russian-born American actor of stage and film. He was best known for his portrayal of Mongkut, king of Siam, in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the film version; he also played the role more than 4,500 times on stage. He is also remembered as Rameses II in the 1956 Cecil B. DeMille film The Ten Commandments, General Bounine in Anastasia and Chris Adams in The Magnificent Seven. Brynner was noted for his distinctive voice and for his shaven head, which he maintained as a personal trademark long after adopting it for his initial role in The King and I. He was also a photographer and the author of two books.

Early life

Yul Brynner was born Yuliy Borisovich Bryner in 1920. He exaggerated his background and early life for the press, claiming that he was born Taidje Khan of part-Mongol-Tatar parentage, on the Russian island of Sakhalin. In reality, he was born at home in a four-story residence at 15 Aleutskaya Street, Vladivostok, in the Russian Far East (present-day Primorsky Krai, Russia). He also occasionally referred to himself as Julius Briner, A biography written by his son Rock Brynner in 1989 clarified these issues.

His father, Boris Julievich Bryner, was a mining engineer whose father, Jules Bryner, was Swiss and whose mother, Natalya Iosifovna Kurkutova, was a native of Irkutsk and was partly of Buryat Mongol ancestry.

He was also a Romani on his mother's side, and in 1977, he was named Honorary President of the International Romani Union, an office that he kept until his death. After Boris Bryner abandoned his family, his mother took Yul and his sister, Vera Bryner, to Harbin, China, where they attended a school run by the YMCA. In 1934 she took them to Paris. By 1940, Brynner had returned to China and he emigrated from Dairen aboard the S.S. President Cleveland, arriving in the U.S. October 25, 1940. During World War II, Brynner worked as a French-speaking radio announcer and commentator for the U.S. Office of War Information, broadcasting propaganda to occupied France.

Career

Yul Brynner began acting and modeling in his twenties, and early in his career he was photographed nude by George Platt Lynes. After his radio work during World War II, Brynner moved into the nascent television industry, directing and acting in live productions in New York. In 1949 Brynner made his film debut in Port of New York, his only film with his natural head of hair.

His best-known role remains that of King Mongkut of Siam in the Broadway production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical The King and I, which he played 4,525 times on stage over the span of his career. He appeared in the original production and later touring productions, as well as a 1977 Broadway revival, London Production in 1979 and another Broadway revival in 1985. He also appeared in the film version for which he won an Academy Award as Best Actor, and in a short-lived TV version (Anna and the King) on CBS in 1972. Brynner is one of only nine people who have won both a Tony Award and an Academy Award for the same role. His connection to the story and the role of King Mongkut is so deep, he was mentioned in the song "One Night in Bangkok" from the 1984 musical Chess, whose second act is set in Bangkok.

In 1951, Brynner shaved his head for his role in The King and I. Following the huge success of the Broadway production and subsequent film, Brynner continued to shave his head for the rest of his life, though he would sometimes wear a wig for certain roles. Brynner's shaved head was very unusual at the time, and his striking appearance helped to give him an iconic appeal. Some fans shaved off their hair to emulate him, and a shaved head is often referred to as the "Yul Brynner look".

Brynner made an immediate impact upon launching his film career in 1956, appearing not only in The King and I that year, but also in major roles in The Ten Commandments with Charlton Heston and Anastasia with Ingrid Bergman. Brynner, at 5'10", was reportedly concerned about being overshadowed by Heston's height and physical presence in The Ten Commandments and prepared with an intensive weight-lifting program.

He later starred in such films as the Biblical epic Solomon and Sheba (1959), The Magnificent Seven (1960), Taras Bulba (1962), and Kings of the Sun (1963). He co-starred with Marlon Brando in Morituri (1965), Katharine Hepburn in The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969) and William Shatner in a film version of The Brothers Karamazov (1958). He played the titular role of The Ultimate Warrior (1975) and starred with Barbara Bouchet in Death Rage (1976). Among his final feature film appearances were in Michael Crichton's Westworld (1973) and its sequel Futureworld (1976). Brynner also appeared in drag (as a torch singer), in an unbilled role in the Peter Sellers comedy The Magic Christian (1969).

Photographer, author, and musician

In addition to his work as a performer, Brynner was an active photographer, and wrote two books. His daughter Victoria put together Yul Brynner: Photographer (ISBN 0-8109-3144-3) a collection of his photographs of family, friends, and fellow actors, as well as those he took while serving as a UN special consultant on refugees. Brynner wrote Bring Forth the Children: A Journey to the Forgotten People of Europe and the Middle East (1960) and The Yul Brynner Cookbook: Food Fit for the King and You (1983 ISBN 0-8128-2882-8).

A student of music from childhood, Brynner was an accomplished guitarist and singer. In his early period in Europe he often played and sang gypsy songs in Parisian nightclubs with Aliosha Dimitrievitch. He sang some of those same songs in the film The Brothers Karamazov. In 1967, he and Dimitrievitch released a record album, The Gypsy and I: Yul Brynner Sings Gypsy Songs (Vanguard VSD 79265).

Personal life

Brynner was married four times, the first three ending in divorce. He fathered three children and adopted two.

He and his first wife, actress Virginia Gilmore (1944–1960), had one child, Yul Brynner II, who was born on December 23, 1946. His father nicknamed him "Rock" when he was six in honor of boxer Rocky Graziano, who won the middleweight title in 1947. Rock is a historian, novelist, and university history lecturer at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York and Western Connecticut State University in Danbury, Connecticut. In 2006, Rock wrote a book about his father and his family history titled Empire and Odyssey: The Brynners in Far East Russia and Beyond.

His daughter Lark Brynner (born 1958) was born out of wedlock and raised by her mother, Frankie Tilden, who was 20 years old when her daughter was born. Brynner supported her financially. His second wife, from 1960 to 1967, Doris Kleiner, was a Chilean model, whom he married on the set during shooting of The Magnificent Seven in 1960. They had one child, Victoria Brynner (born November 1962), whose godmother was Audrey Hepburn.

His third wife, Jacqueline Thion de la Chaume (1971–1981), was a French socialite, the widow of Philippe de Croisset (the victim of a car accident; he was the son of French playwright Francis de Croisset, and a publishing executive). Brynner and Jacqueline adopted two Vietnamese children: Mia (1974), and Melody (1975). The first house that he ever owned was the Manoir de Cricqueboeuf, a sixteenth-century manor house that he and Jacqueline purchased.

According to Marlene Dietrich's daughter Maria Riva (as she wrote in her memoir Marlene Dietrich, 1994), he had a passionate affair with the famous actress during the first production of The King and I.

Citizenship

Brynner, a Russian-born Swiss citizen, renounced his naturalized United States citizenship in June 1965 at the American embassy in Berne, Switzerland for tax reasons (he had lost his tax exemption as an American resident abroad by working too long in the United States and would have been bankrupted by what he owed in taxes and penalties). A clip from that interview was made into just such a public service announcement by the American Cancer Society, and released after his death; it includes the warning "Now that I'm gone, I tell you, don't smoke. Whatever you do, just don't smoke. If I could take back that smoking, we wouldn't be talking about any cancer. I'm convinced of that." This advertisement is now featured in the Body Worlds exhibition.

He is interred, in France, on the grounds of the Saint-Michel-de-Bois-Aubry Russian Orthodox monastery, near Luzé, between Tours and Poitiers.

Honors and awards

Brynner has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6162 Hollywood Blvd, and his childhood home, in Vladivostok, is now a museum.

In 1952, he received the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of The King in The King and I (musical).

He won the 1956 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the King of Siam in The King and I and made the "Top 10 Stars of the Year" list in both 1957 and 1958.

In 1985, he received a Special Tony Award honoring his 4,525 performances in The King and I.

Filmography

Features:

Port of New York (1949)

The King and I (1956)

The Ten Commandments (1956)

Anastasia (1956)

The Brothers Karamazov (1958)

The Buccaneer (1958)

The Journey (1959)

The Sound and the Fury (1959)

Solomon and Sheba (1959)

Once More, with Feeling! (1960)

Testament of Orpheus (1960)

Surprise Package (1960)

The Magnificent Seven (1960)

Goodbye Again (1961)

Escape from Zahrain (1962)

Taras Bulba (1962)

Kings of the Sun (1963)

Flight from Ashiya (1964)

Invitation to a Gunfighter (1964)

Morituri (1965)

Cast a Giant Shadow (1966)

The Poppy Is Also a Flower (1966)

Return of the Seven (1966)

Triple Cross (1966)

The Double Man (1967)

The Long Duel (1967)

Villa Rides (1968)

The Picasso Summer (1969)

The File of the Golden Goose (1969)

Battle of Neretva (1969)

The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969)

The Magic Christian (1969)

Adiós, Sabata (1971)

The Light at the Edge of the World (1971)

Romance of a Horsethief (1971)

Catlow (1971)

Fuzz (1972)

Night Flight from Moscow (1973)

Westworld (1973)

The Ultimate Warrior (1975)

Death Rage (1976)

Futureworld (1976)

Short subjects:

On Location with Westworld (1973)

Lost to the Revolution (1980) (narrator)

Stage work

Twelfth Night (December 2–13, 1941) (Broadway)

The Moon Vine (February 11–27, 1943) (Broadway)

Lute Song (February 6 – June 8, 1946) (Broadway)

The King and I (March 29, 1951 – March 20, 1954) (Broadway and national tour)

Home Sweet Homer (January 4, 1976) (Broadway)

The King and I (Revival) (May 2, 1977 – December 30, 1978) (Broadway and national tour)

The King and I (Revival) (January 7 – June 30, 1985) (Broadway)

References

Further reading

External links

Category:1920 births Category:1985 deaths Category:Romani actors Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Cancer deaths in New York Category:Deaths from lung cancer Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:People from Vladivostok Category:American people of Russian descent Category:Russian film actors Category:Russian immigrants to the United States Category:Russian television actors Category:Russian stage actors Category:Swiss film actors Category:Swiss stage actors Category:Swiss television actors Category:Swiss people of Russian descent Category:Spaghetti Western actors Category:Tony Award winners