Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	So
type	Studio
artist	Peter Gabriel
cover	Peter Gabriel So CD cover.JPG
released	19 May 1986
recorded	January 1985 – March 1986, Ashcombe Studios, near Bath, England
genre	Progressive rock, pop rock, New Wave, ambient
length	46:25
label	Geffen (United States)Charisma (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland)Real World (2010 reissue)Virgin (South and North America)
producer	Daniel Lanois, Peter Gabriel
last album	''Birdy''(1985)
this album	''So''(1986)
next album	''Passion''(1989)
misc	}}

''So'' is the fifth studio album (and seventh album overall) by British rock musician Peter Gabriel, released in 1986. Many of its songs reflect a more conventional pop-writing style and became radio hits, others still retain Gabriel's dark, brooding sense of experimentalism.

It is Peter Gabriel's second album produced by Canadian artist Daniel Lanois. The previous year, the two of them had worked together on ''Birdy''. Lanois had been previously known for his ambient collaborations with Brian Eno as well as producing U2 since 1984. As he had with the soundtrack to the film ''Birdy'', Lanois brought many of his own ambient sensibilities to this recording.

It ranked at number #14 on Rolling Stone Top 100 Albums of the Eighties

Songs

The album begins with "Red Rain". Inspired by a recurring dream which Gabriel had of swimming in a sea of red water, its lyrics vividly depict dream imagery that reflect a sense of vulnerability. The song is one of the works in the story of Mozo, a wandering stranger who appears in several Gabriel songs. Of all the tracks on the album, Gabriel considers "Red Rain" one of his favourites. Other Mozo works include "On the Air" and "Exposure".

The second track is Gabriel's most popular single, "Sledgehammer". "Sledgehammer" is a piece with Motown and world music influences, from its famous use of the shakuhachi. The video for "Sledgehammer" won MTV's 1987 Top Music Video Award. Directed by Steven Johnson, it features stop motion animation by Aardman Animations of ''Wallace and Gromit'' fame. The dancing chickens were animated by Nick Park. The video ends with Gabriel dancing in silhouette, covered with lights taped on his suit by a runner who later became a producer for the ''Wallace and Gromit'' films. While performing the song on his 2002 tour, Gabriel recreated this image by wearing a jacket covered with LED lights.

Tracks 3–6 include a duet with Kate Bush titled "Don't Give Up", "That Voice Again", and hit single "In Your Eyes". "Mercy Street" is dedicated to poet Anne Sexton and takes its title from her 1969 play, ''Mercy Street'' (Sexton also posthumously released a book of poetry, ''45 Mercy Street''). "In Your Eyes" was used in the famed boombox scene from the film Say Anything... (1989).

Track 7 is "Big Time". This song is a send-up of the narcissism of the 1980s and was also accompanied by a video in the same vein of "Sledgehammer", although to less popularity. The next track is titled "We Do What We're Told (Milgram's 37)". The title refers to the 37 out of 40 compliant subjects of Milgram Experiment 18.

The album ends with "This Is the Picture (Excellent Birds)". This song features vocals with co-writer Laurie Anderson. This track is not included on the original vinyl release of the album, but was added to the audio cassette and CD editions. Anderson had previously recorded a different arrangement of the song entitled "Excellent Birds" for her 1984 album, ''Mister Heartbreak'', which also featured vocals by Gabriel. A video rendition of the song featuring Anderson and Gabriel was included in the 1 January 1984 TV satellite broadcast ''Good Morning, Mr. Orwell''. Anderson also performs the song in her concert film ''Home of the Brave'', released around the same time as ''So''.

Title

This was Gabriel's first studio album to bear an official title from its inception. His previous regular albums were simply titled "Peter Gabriel," including 1982's ''Security'', which was retitled by Gabriel's US label at the time, Geffen Records. Peter Gabriel said in a interview with ''Smash Hits'' in 1986 the title "doesn't mean anything. We just liked the form of the word and the two letters. That's all."

Notes

When the album was remastered in 2002 with most of Gabriel's catalogue, the song "In Your Eyes" was moved from the fifth song to the ninth song. This was what Peter Gabriel originally intended, but because of the limitations of the vinyl release format it was moved up to be the first track on side two. Oddly, the credits in the booklet were not changed to show the change in order (so, Youssou N'Dour, instead of being credited with backing vocals to "In Your Eyes" is given credit for backing vocals on "Mercy Street").

The songs Red Rain, Sledgehammer, Don't Give Up, Mercy Street, and We Do What We're Told were featured in episodes of the T.V series Miami Vice.

In 1998, ''Q'' magazine readers voted ''So'' the 81st greatest album of all time. In 2001, the TV network VH1 placed it at number 91. Rolling Stone magazine places the album at 187 on its list of 500 greatest albums of all time and #14 in Rolling Stone's 100 Best Albums of The 80's survey. It was also included in College Music Journal's list of "Top 25 College Radio Albums of All Time" and ranked #1 in CMJ's "Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1986". The album came fifth in Kerrang! magazine's Albums Of The Year 1986.

The success of the album earned Peter Gabriel two awards at The Brit Awards in 1987: Best British Male Solo Artist and Best British Video for "Sledgehammer". The album also received four Grammy Award nominations: Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, Song of the Year, Record of the Year (all for "Sledgehammer"), and Album of the Year.

In 2006, World Wrestling Entertainment used "Big Time" as the main theme song for Wrestlemania 22.

Track listing

All songs written by Peter Gabriel except as indicated.

Side one # "Red Rain" – 5:39 # "Sledgehammer" – 5:12 # "Don't Give Up" – 6:33 # "That Voice Again" (Gabriel, David Rhodes) – 4:53

Side two # "In Your Eyes" – 5:27 # "Mercy Street" – 6:22 # "Big Time" – 4:28 # "We Do What We're Told (Milgram's 37)" – 3:22 # "This is the Picture (Excellent Birds)" (Laurie Anderson, Gabriel) – 4:25^†

^†Not included on original vinyl release.

Remastered CD Track Listing

#"Red Rain" – 5:39 #"Sledgehammer" – 5:12 #"Don't Give Up" – 6:33 #"That Voice Again" – 4:53 #"Mercy Street" – 6:22 #"Big Time" – 4:28 #"We Do What We're Told (Milgram's 37)" – 3:22 #"This Is the Picture (Excellent Birds)" – 4:25 #"In Your Eyes" – 5:27

Personnel

The track numbers only correspond to the original release, not the remastered version.

Peter Gabriel – vocals, synthesizers, piano on tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, percussion on track 4, Linn on tracks 3, 7, 9, Synclavier on track 9

Tony Levin – bass on tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9

David Rhodes – guitar on tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, backing vocals on tracks 1, 5

Jerry Marotta – drums on tracks 1, 5, 8, drumstic bass on track 7

Manu Katché – drums on tracks 2, 3, 4, 5, percussion on tracks 3, 4, 5, talking drum on tracks 5, 9

Additional personnel

Chris Hughes – trumpet on track 2, Linn programming on track 1

Stewart Copeland – hi-hat on track 1, drums on track 7

Daniel Lanois – guitar on tracks 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, tambourine on track 2

Wayne Jackson – trumpet on tracks 2, 7, cornet on track 7

Mark Rivera – Tenor saxophone on tracks 2, 7, processed saxophone on track 6

Reggie Houston-Baritone Saxophone on tracks 2,7 Distorted Saxophone on track 7

Don Mikkelson – trombone on tracks 2, 7

P. P. Arnold – backing vocals on tracks 2, 7

Coral Gordon – backing vocals on tracks 2, 7

Dee Lewis – backing vocals on tracks 2, 7

Richard Tee – piano on tracks 3, 5, 6

Simon Clark – synthesizer on tracks 3, 7, organ on track 7, bass on track 7

Kate Bush – vocals on track 3

L. Shankar – violin on track,4,8

Larry Klein – bass on tracks 5, 6

Youssou N'Dour – vocals on track 5

Michael Been – backing vocals on track 5

Jim Kerr – backing vocals on track 5

Ronnie Bright – bass vocals on track 5

Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan-background vocals track 5

Renard Poche - piccolo trumpet on track 2,7 Silent trumpet on track 6

Djalma Correa – surdo, congas, triangle on track 6

Jimmy Bralower – Linn on track 7

Laurie Anderson – vocals on track 9

Bill Laswell – bass on track 9

Nile Rodgers – guitar on track 9

Charts

Album

Year	Chart	Position
	align="left"

Singles

Year	Single	Chart	Position

Certifications

Organization	Level	Date

References

External links

http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_albums_album.php?id=469

Category:Peter Gabriel albums Category:1986 albums Category:Albums produced by Daniel Lanois Category:Albums produced by Peter Gabriel Category:Virgin Records albums Category:Geffen Records albums Category:Charisma Records albums

de:So (Album) fr:So (album) it:So (album) ka:So (ალბომი) hu:So pl:So pt:So (álbum) ro:So (album) sv:So (musikalbum)

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	Oliver Kalkofe
birth date	September 12, 1965
birth place	Hanover, Germany
occupation	actor, writer
website	http://www.kalkofe.de/
awards	}}

Oliver Kalkofe (born 12 September 1965 in Hanover) is a German satirist, columnist, book author and actor.

Career

Kalkofe grew up in Langenhagen-Engelbostel near Hanover and in Peine. After passing the Abitur in 1984 Kalkofe finished his training as a foreign language correspondent clerk and interpreter in English and French before enrolling at the University of Münster to major in media and communication studies.

In 1990 he joined the ''Frühstyxradio'', a comedy show on commercial radio station ffn. Broadcast on Sunday mornings, the shows had a theme and were presented by fictional hosts, with episodes of various ongoing series and stand-alone sketches more or less dealing with that theme. Kalkofe developed and voiced a variety of characters and series for the show.

He gained popularity on a national level with the TV show ''Kalkofes Mattscheibe'' on German pay TV network Premiere, which he had adapted for television in 1994 from his ''Frühstyxradio'' series of the same name. In it he shows clips from German TV and comments on them or parodies them. In 1996 he was awarded the Adolf-Grimme-Preis for the show.

His biggest success are the movies ''Der Wixxer'' and ''Neues vom Wixxer'', a parody of the German Edgar Wallace screen adaptations from the 1960s. The movies were based on a ''Frühstyxradio'' series called ''Der Wixer'' (an obscene variation of the Edgar Wallace movie title ''Der Hexer''), written by him and ''Oliver Welke''. They also wrote the scripts together with comedian Bastian Pastewka. Kalkofe starred in both movies as Chief Inspector Even Longer.

Filmography

Only select major roles.

''Der Wixxer'' (2004, also writer-producer)

''Die ProSieben Märchenstunde: Rumpelstilzchen - Auf Wache im Märchenwald'' (TV; 2006)

''Neues vom Wixxer'' (2007, also writer-producer)

''Der Goldene Nazivampir von Absam 2 - Das Geheimnis von Schloß Kottlitz'' (2007)

''Urmel voll in Fahrt'' (2008, voice)

He also provided voices for the German dubbed versions of ''Mystery Science Theater 3000 - The Movie'', or Blue Sky's ''Robots'' and Pixar's ''Cars'', among others.

Bibliography

''Onkel Hottes Märchenstunde'' (2001, illustrated by Michael Hellmich, ISBN 383033026X)

''Der Wixxer'' (2007, with Bastian Pastewka and Oliver Welke, ISBN 9783802517440)

''Neues vom Wixxer'' (2007, with Bastian Pastewka and Oliver Welke, ISBN 9783802517457)

''Geschafft! Wir sind blöd! : Kalkofes letzte Worte'' (2008, ISBN 9783830331698)

External links

Official Website

Works by and about Oliver Kalkofe in the catalog of the Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hanover

de:Oliver Kalkofe

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	T. B. Joshua
birthname	Temitope Balogun
birth date	June 12, 1963
birth place	Arigidi, Nigeria
occupation	Spiritual Overseer(Prophet of God),Minister, televangelist, Humanitarian
residence	Ikotun-Egbe, Lagos
nationality
spouse	Evelyn Joshua
website	The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations, Emmanuel TV
footnotes	}}

Temitope Balogun Joshua (born June 12, 1963 in Arigidi, Nigeria), commonly referred to as T. B. Joshua, is a Christian, Prophet of God, minister, televangelist, humanitarian and faith healer. He is leader and founder of the ministry organisation ''The Synagogue, Church of All Nations'' (SCOAN). The SCOAN runs a Christian television station called Emmanuel TV, available on satellite and on the Internet via the Streaming Faith broadcast portal.

Biography

According to SCOAN's account, supernatural phenomena are said to have accompanied Joshua's birth and early life. He allegedly remained in his mother's womb for 15 months before he was born. It is also rumoured that a sage had predicted his birth a century earlier.

Joshua attended St. Stephen's Anglican Primary School in Arigidi-Akoko, Nigeria between 1971 and 1977, but failed to complete one year of secondary school education. In school, he was known as 'small pastor' because of his love for the Bible and ability to predict things to come in his local community.

He worked in various casual employments after his schooling had ended, including carrying chicken waste at a poultry farm. He organised Bible studies for local children and attended evening school during this period. Joshua attempted to join the Nigerian military but was thwarted due to a train breakdown that left him stranded en route to the military academy.

The Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN)

In 1989, T. B. Joshua allegedly fasted and prayed for 40 days and 40 nights. He wrote that in a heavenly vision, he had received divine anointing and a covenant from God to start his ministry. In his own words, he said of the experience:

''“… I saw a hand that pointed a Bible to my heart. The Bible entered my heart and my former heart seemed to immerse with the Bible immediately… I heard a voice saying, ‘I am your God. I am giving you a divine commission to go and carry out the work of the Heavenly Father… I would show you the wonderful ways I would reveal myself through you in teaching, preaching, miracles, signs and wonders for the salvation of souls…’ ”''

Following this, Joshua founded the ministry organisation The Synagogue, Church of All Nations (SCOAN) initially with only a handful of members. According to the organisation, more than 15,000 members now attend its weekly Sunday service; visitors from outside Nigeria are accommodated in the church facilities.

SCOAN remains controversial both in Nigeria and abroad, claiming regular occurrences of divine miracles. It has published numerous videos claiming to document the healing of incurable illnesses such as HIV/ AIDs and cancer, showing conditions before, during, and after prayer in Jesus' name from T. B. Joshua. Spiritual healing at The SCOAN has been mentioned by Time magazine.

Since June 2010, five ‘Wise Men’ have joined in ministering to people at The SCOAN, purportedly able to prophesy, heal and deliver in the same vein as T.B. Joshua.

The church has branches in Ghana, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Greece.

Humanitarian Work

Another Ministry is the humanitarian arm of SCOAN, with the stated aim of undertaking projects catering to the needs of widows, dwarfs, the elderly, physically challenged, orphans and the destitute.

The church provides scholarships to orphans and children of the underprivileged, with educational support given from primary to tertiary levels. There is also a rehabilitation programme for armed robbers, prostitutes and militants from Nigeria’s volatile Niger Delta region. He is also well known in Nigeria for reconciling broken families and marriages.

SCOAN has established various NGO’s in other countries, including the Passion For Needy in Ghana.

In 2009 Joshua started a football club, My People FC as part of efforts to help the youth. Two members of the team played for Nigeria's Golden Eaglets in the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Sani Emmanuel, who apparently lived in The SCOAN for several years, was Nigeria's top-scorer and the tournament's MVP. Emmanuel and his colleague Ogenyi Onazi have now signed professional contracts with SS Lazio and are representing Nigeria in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

Following the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, T.B. Joshua rewarded the efforts of the Nigerian Team, presenting the physically challenged medallists with cash gifts and cars.

After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Joshua sent a team of medical personnel and humanitarian workers to the affected area, establishing a field hospital called 'Clinique Emmanuel'.

In recognition of his humanitarian activities, he was awarded a National Honour by the Nigerian government in 2008.

A Forbes blogger estimated Joshua has spent $20m on humanitarian activities in the last three years.

Claims of prophecy

SCOAN claims that Joshua has successfully predicted events in the lives of individuals who attend his church services as well as worldwide events, including a prophecy of Michael Jackson's death and the outcome of various football matches.

Notable visitors

Notable visitors, especially within the African political sphere, have visited SCOAN. These include Zimbabwe’s Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangarai, Ghanaian President John Evans Atta Mills ''(who testified that T.B. Joshua prophesied his ascent to presidency)'', South Africa’s Winnie Mandela, Malawian Vice President Joyce Banda and The Zulu King, Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu.

Emmanuel TV

Emmanuel TV is the television station of SCOAN and broadcasts 24/7. Their Sunday and Monday services are broadcast live. T. B. Joshua's programmes also air 5 days a week on TBN Africa, as well as weekly on a number of local television stations across Africa.

Controversy

There are claims that Joshua's alleged miracles are counterfeit. The Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN), an umbrella association of Nigerian Pentecostal Churches, refused admission to the Synagogue Church, denouncing T. B. Joshua as an impostor, and querying his background, mentorship and calling to the ministry. Christian critics often refer to T. B. Joshua's unorthodox methods as being not confirmed in the Bible.

Books authored by Joshua

''The Mirror'' ISBN 0-620-37453-5

''The Step Between You And The Cure'' ISBN 0-620-33247-6

''Daily Time With God'' ISBN 0-620-375752

''What The Future Holds'' ISBN 0-620-42843-9

References

External links

Official website of The SCOAN

Emmanuel TV

Streaming Faith

Testimonies Blog

SCOAN London

TB Joshua Watch

Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Nigerian people Category:Faith healers Category:Christian ministers Category:Yoruba people Category:Nigerian Christians Category:Nigerian religious leaders Category:People from Ondo State

de:T. B. Joshua it:T. B. Joshua nl:T.B. Joshua yo:T. B. Joshua