A sport is an organized, competitive, entertaining, and skilful activity requiring commitment, strategy, and fair play, in which a winner and loser can be defined by objective means. Generally speaking, a sport is a game based in physical athleticism. Activities such as board games and card games are sometimes classified as "mind sports," but strictly speaking "sport" by itself refers to some physical activity. Non-competitive activities may also qualify, for example though jogging or playing catch are usually classified as forms of recreation, they may also be informally called "sports" due to their similarity to competitive games.

Sports are governed by a set of rules or customs. Physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first often define the result of a sport. However, the degree of skill and performance in some sports such as diving, dressage and figure skating is judged according to well-defined criteria. This is in contrast with other judged activities such as beauty pageants and body building, where skill does not have to be shown and the criteria are not as well defined.

Records are kept and updated for most sports at the highest levels, while failures and accomplishments are widely announced in sport news. Sports are most often played just for fun or for the simple fact that people need exercise to stay in good physical condition. However, professional sport is a major source of entertainment.

While practices may vary, sports participants are expected to display good sportsmanship, and observe standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials, and congratulating the winner when losing.

Etymology and meaning

"Sport" comes from the Old French ''desport'' meaning "leisure". American English uses the term "sports" to refer to this general type of recreational activity, whereas other regional dialects use the singular "sport". The French word for sport is based on the Persian word ''bord'', meaning "winning" or "win". The Chinese term for sport, ''tiyu'' (体育; 體育) connotes physical training. The modern Greek term for sport is Αθλητισμός (''athlitismos''), directly cognate with the English terms "athlete" and "athleticism".

The oldest definition of ''sport'' in English (1300) is of anything humans find amusing or entertaining. Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including ones that require exercise. Roget's defines the noun sport as an "activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement" with synonyms including diversion and recreation.

History

There are artifacts and structures that suggest that the Chinese engaged in sporting activities as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics appears to have been a popular sport in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt. Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh had a close connection to the warfare skills. Among other sports that originate in ancient Persia are polo and jousting.

A wide range of sports were already established by the time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sports in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sports became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia.

Sports have been increasingly organized and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialization has brought increased leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans began following the exploits of professional athletes through radio, television, and the internet—all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports.

In the New Millennium, new sports have been going further from the physical aspect to the mental or psychological aspect of competing. Electronic sports organizations are becoming more and more popular.

Sportsmanship

Sportsmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat.

Sportsmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by sports journalist Grantland Rice, that it's “not that you won or lost but how you played the game", and the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder Pierre de Coubertin: "The most important thing... is not winning but taking part" are typical expressions of this sentiment.

Violence in sports involves crossing the line between fair competition and intentional aggressive violence. Athletes, coaches, fans, and parents sometimes unleash violent behaviour on people or property, in misguided shows of loyalty, dominance, anger, or celebration. Rioting or hooliganism are common and ongoing problems at national and international sporting contests.

Professional sports

The aspect of sports, together with the increase of mass media and leisure time, has led to "professionalism" in sports. This has resulted in some conflict, where the paycheck are more important than recreational aspects, or where the sports are changed simply to make them more profitable and popular, thereby losing certain valued traditions. Indeed, since sport by definition is a leisure activity, "professional sport" does not and cannot exist. However the term is commonplace and accepted to mean a game or other activity, regarded by the general population as sport, which is performed by persons for reward with the intent to entertain spectators. The entertainment aspect also means that sportsmen and women are often elevated to celebrity status in media and popular culture. For this reason, many journalists have suggested that sports should not be reported by the general media but only by specialist magazines.

Politics

Sports and politics can influence each other greatly.

When apartheid was the official policy in South Africa, many sports people, particularly in rugby union, adopted the conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects.

The 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin was an illustration, perhaps best recognised in retrospect, where an ideology was developing which used the event to strengthen its spread through propaganda.

In the history of Ireland, Gaelic sports were connected with cultural nationalism. Until the mid 20th century a person could have been banned from playing Gaelic football, hurling, or other sports administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) if she/he played or supported football, or other games seen to be of British origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of football and rugby union at Gaelic venues. This ban is still enforced, but was modified to allow football and rugby to be played in Croke Park while Lansdowne Road was redeveloped into Aviva Stadium. Until recently, under Rule 21, the GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the RUC from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban.

Nationalism is often evident in the pursuit of sports, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond the sporting venue, as in the Football War. These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sports being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants.

Physical art

Sports have many affinities with art. For example, figure skating, drum corps, skateboarding, artistic gymnastics, dancesport, and Tai chi can be considered artistic spectacles. Similarly, there are other activities that have elements of sport and art in their execution, such as bodybuilding, free running, martial arts, professional wrestling, performance art, yoga, dressage, and culinary arts. Perhaps the best example is bull-fighting, which in Spain is reported in the arts pages of newspapers.

All sports involve physical and mental activities that are pursued for more than simply utilitarian reasons. For instance, running, when done as a sport, occurs for reasons beyond simply moving from one place to another. Value is gained from this activity when it is conducted simply for its own sake. This is similar to the concept of aesthetic value, which is seeing something over and above the strictly functional value coming from an object's normal use. For instance, an aesthetically pleasing car is one which doesn't just get from A to B, but which impresses with its grace, poise, and charisma. In the same way, a sporting performance such as jumping doesn't just impress as being an effective way to avoid obstacles. It impresses because of the ability, skill, and style that is demonstrated in its performance.

Art and sports were clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece, when gymnastics and calisthenics invoked admiration and aesthetic appreciation for the physical build, prowess and ''arete'' displayed by participants. The modern term ''art'' as skill, is related to this ancient Greek term ''arete''. The closeness of art and sport in these times was revealed by the nature of the Olympic Games, which were celebrations of both sporting and artistic achievements, poetry, sculpture and architectures.

Technology

Technology has an important role in sports, whether applied to an athlete's health, the athlete's technique, or equipment's characteristics.

As sports have grown more competitive, the need for better and fancier equipment has arisen. Such as Golf clubs, bicycles, American footballs and helmets, tennis rackets, baseball and cricket bats, hockey skates.

Ranging from nutrition to the treatment of injuries, as the knowledge of the human body has deepened over time, an athlete's potential has been increased. Athletes are now able to play to an older age, recover more quickly from injuries, and train more effectively than previous generations of athletes.

Advancing technology created new opportunities for research into sports. It is now possible to analyze aspects of sports that were previously out of the reach of comprehension. Being able to use motion capture to capture an athlete's movement, or advanced computer simulations to model physical scenarios has greatly increased an athlete's ability to understand what they are doing and how they can improve themselves.

Terminology

In British English, sporting activities are commonly denoted by the mass noun "sport". In American English, "sports" is more used. In all English dialects, "sports" is the term used for more than one specific sport. For example, "football and swimming are my favourite sports", would sound natural to all English speakers, whereas "I enjoy sport" would sound less natural than "I enjoy sports" to North Americans.

The term "sport" is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both games of skill and motor sport exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports, such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports. Air sports, billiards, bridge, chess, motorcycle racing, and powerboating are all recognized as sports by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.

Highly recognized definition of "sport" on EU level is established by the Council of Europe: "all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels.

Grassroots sport

Grassroots sport is a popular phrase which is used in most of the articles about sport and sport for all. Czech Sports Association defines Grassroots sport as synergy of population active in "sport", sport organisations on the most basic level, essential infrastructure and suitable environment, where the main driving force is joy of "sport" itself. ("Sport" defined by Council of Europe)

Spectator sport

As well as being a form of recreation for the participants, much sport is played in front of an audience. Most professional sport is played in a theatre of some kind; be it a stadium, arena, golf course, race track, or the open road, with provision for the (often paying) public. Large television or radio audiences are also commonly attracted, with rival broadcasters bidding large amounts of money for the rights to show certain fixtures. The football World Cup attracts a global television audience of hundreds of millions; the 2006 final alone attracted an estimated worldwide audience of well over 700 million. The Cricket World Cup is another sporting event which attracts a global audience. The 2007 Cricket World Cup attracted about 2.3 Billion viewers all over the world. In the United States, the championship game of the NFL, the Super Bowl, has become one of the most watched television broadcasts of the year. Super Bowl Sunday is a ''de facto'' national holiday in America; the viewership being so great that in 2007 advertising space was reported as being sold at $2.6m for a 30 second slot.

The benefits of playing youth sports may include:

Better grades

Less risk of drug or alcohol use

Chance at sports scholarships

Health Benefits

The biggest risk for youth sports is the increased risk of injury, including concussions and gym class injuries.

Gender and sports opportunities

The rise of organized sports opportunities for girls has increased dramatically since the passage of Title IX in 1972. The number of female participants continues to rise as variables such as opportunity for involvement, valuing of sports as part of total development and overall fitness for girls and women has increased.

Despite the tremendous gains in sports participation made by girls and women during the last 30 years, there is still a persistent gap in the enrollment figures between males and females. The participation of girls is currently only 39% of the total participation in interscholastic athletics. There has been a slow but steady climb toward gender balance in the percent of female participants, from 32% of the males’ participation in 1973–74 to 63% in 1994–95. Hessel (2000).

See also

Outline of sports

List of sportspeople

List of sports attendance figures

List of professional sports leagues

;Related topics

Athletic sports

Combat sport

Disabled sports

Electronic sports

Fandom

Mind sport

Most popular sport by country

Multi-sport events

National sport

Nationalism and sports

Olympic Games

Paralympic Games

Spectator sports

Sponsorship

Sport in film

Sport governing bodies

Sports broadcasting

Sports club

Sports coaching

Sports equipment

Sports injuries

Sports league attendances

Sports marketing

Sport Psychology

Sports terms named after people

Women's sports

References

European Commission (2007), ''The White Paper on Sport''.

Council of Europe (2001), ''The Europien sport charter''.

Further reading

''The Meaning of Sports'' by Michael Mandel (PublicAffairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1).

Journal of the Philosophy of Sport

af:Sport ang:Indryhtegamen ar:رياضة an:Esporte ast:Deporte ay:Taqikuna anataña az:İdman bm:Farikoloɲɛnajɛ bn:ক্রীড়া ba:Спорт be:Спорт be-x-old:Спорт bar:Sport bo:ལུས་རྩལ། bs:Sport br:Sport bg:Спорт ca:Esport cv:Спорт ceb:Paugnat sa kusog cs:Sport co:Sport cy:Chwaraeon da:Sport pdc:Schparret de:Sport et:Sport el:Αθλητισμός es:Deporte eo:Sporto eu:Kirol fa:ورزش hif:Sport fo:Ítróttur fr:Sport fy:Sport fur:Sport ga:Spórt gv:Spoyrt gd:Spòrs gl:Deporte gan:運動 gu:રમત-ગમત ko:스포츠 hi:खेल hr:Šport io:Sporto id:Olahraga ia:Sport ie:Sport is:Íþrótt it:Sport he:ספורט jv:Olahraga kl:Timersorneq kn:ಕ್ರೀಡೆಗಳು pam:Pasiknangan ka:სპორტი csb:Szpòrt kk:Спорт rw:Umukino ky:Спорт sw:Michezo kv:Чожмӧг ht:Espò (divètisman) ku:Werziş lad:Espor lo:ກິລາ la:Ars athletica lv:Sports lb:Sport lt:Sportas li:Sjport hu:Sport mk:Спорт mt:Sport ltg:Sports mr:खेळ mzn:ورزش ms:Sukan mwl:Çporto mn:Спорт nl:Sport nds-nl:Sport ne:खेल new:कासा ja:スポーツ nap:Sport no:Sport nn:Idrett nrm:Sport nov:Sporte oc:Espòrt mhr:Спорт uz:Sport pnb:سپورٹس pap:Deporte ps:ورزښت pl:Sport pt:Desporto ro:Sport rm:Sport qu:Kurku kallpanchay rue:Шпорт ru:Спорт sah:Спорт sc:Isport stq:Sport sq:Sporti scn:Sport si:ක්‍රීඩාව simple:Sport sk:Šport sl:Šport szl:Szport so:Ciyaaraha sr:Спорт sh:Sport fi:Urheilu sv:Sport tl:Palakasan ta:உடல் திறன் விளையாட்டு kab:Addal tt:Спорт te:ఆటలు th:กีฬา tg:Варзиш tr:Spor tk:Sport uk:Спорт vec:Spor vi:Thể thao fiu-vro:Sport war:Paugnat-ha-Kusog yi:ספארט zh-yue:運動 diq:Spor zea:Sport bat-smg:Spuorts zh:体育

{| style="float:right;" |

Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
type	monarch
name	Juan Carlos I
full name	Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María
succession	King of Spain
moretext	''(more)''
reign	22 November 1975 – present('''')
coronation	November 27, 1975
cor-type	Anointment
predecessor	Francisco Franco (military dictator)
successor	Felipe, Prince of Asturias
suc-type	Heir apparent
spouse	Sofía of Greece and Denmark
issue	Infanta Elena, Duchess of LugoInfanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de MallorcaFelipe, Prince of Asturias
reg-type	Prime Ministers
regent
house	House of Bourbon
religion	Roman Catholic Church
father	Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
mother	Princess Maria Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
birth date	January 05, 1938
birth place	Rome, Italy
signature	}}

|- | |- |

Name	King Juan Carlos
Dipstyle	His Majesty
Offstyle	Your Majesty
Altstyle	Sire }}

|}

Juan Carlos I (, baptized as ''Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias''; born 5 January 1938, Rome, Italy) is the reigning King of Spain.

On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of General Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated king according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. The Spanish throne had been vacant for 38 years in 1969 when Franco named Juan Carlos as the next head of state. The Spanish Constitution of 1978, voted in referendum, acknowledges him expressly as King of Spain. The Spanish Constitution, Title II: the Crown, Article 56, Subsection 1, affirms the role of the Spanish monarch as the personification and embodiment of the Spanish nation, a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence; and as such, the monarch is the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces in a system known in Spanish as "monarquía parlamentaria" (parliamentary monarchy).

King Juan Carlos successfully oversaw the transition of Spain from dictatorship to parliamentary democracy.

Juan Carlos married Sophia of Greece and Denmark in 1962. The couple have three children and eight grandchildren.

Polls from 2000 show that he is widely approved of by Spaniards. According to the Spanish Constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting Ibero-American relations, the "nations of its historical community". In this capacity, the King of Spain serves as the president of the Ibero-American States Organization, representing over 700,000,000 people in 24 member nations worldwide. In 2008 he was considered the most popular leader in all Ibero-America.

Early life

Juan Carlos of Spain was born to the Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, and the Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies in Rome, Italy, where his grandfather, King Alfonso XIII, and other members of the Spanish royal family had settled following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. His early life was dictated largely by the political concerns of his father and General Franco. He moved to Spain in 1948 to be educated there after his father persuaded Franco to allow this. He began his studies in San Sebastián and finished them in 1954 at the San Isidro Institute in Madrid. He then joined the army, doing his officer training from 1955 to 1957 at the Military Academy of Zaragoza.

Juan Carlos has two sisters and one brother: Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (born 1936), and Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria (born 1939) and his younger brother Alfonso.

In March 1956, Juan Carlos's younger brother Alfonso died in a gun accident at the family's home Villa Giralda in Estoril, Portugal. The Spanish Embassy in Portugal issued an official communiqué:

: Whilst His Highness Prince Alfonso was cleaning a revolver last evening with his brother, a shot was fired hitting his forehead and killing him in a few minutes. The accident took place at 20.30 hours, after the Infante's return from the Maundy Thursday religious service, during which he had received holy communion.

Very quickly, however, rumours appeared in newspapers that the gun had actually been held by Juan Carlos at the moment the shot was fired. Josefina Carolo, dressmaker to Juan Carlos's mother, said that Juan Carlos pointed the pistol at Alfonso and pulled the trigger, unaware that the pistol was loaded. Bernardo Arnoso, a Portuguese friend of Juan Carlos, also said that Juan Carlos fired the pistol not knowing that it was loaded, and adding that the bullet ricocheted off a wall hitting Alfonso in the face. Helena Matheopoulos, a Greek author who spoke with Juan Carlos's sister Pilar, said that Alfonso had been out of the room and when he returned and pushed the door open, the door knocked Juan Carlos in the arm causing him to fire the pistol.

In 1957 Juan Carlos spent a year in the naval school at Marin, Pontevedra, and another in the Air Force school in San Javier in Murcia. In 1961 he graduated from the Complutense University. He then went to live in the Palace of Zarzuela, and began carrying out official engagements.

Prince of Spain, 1969-1975

The dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco had come to power during the Spanish Civil War, which had pitted democrats, anarchists, socialists, and Communists, supported in part by the Soviet Union and by international volunteers, against conservatives, monarchists, nationalists, and fascists, with the latter group ultimately emerging successful with the support of neighbouring Portugal and the major European Axis powers of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Despite his alliance with monarchists, Franco was not eager to restore the deposed Spanish monarchy once in power, preferring to head a regime with himself as head of state for life. Though Franco's partisan supporters generally accepted this arrangement for the present, much debate quickly ensued over who would replace Franco upon his death. The far right factions demanded the return of a hardline absolute monarchy, and eventually Franco agreed that his successor would be a monarch. Franco, a Carlist by some accounts, had no intention of restoring the constitutional form of monarchy known during the 19th Century or the republican form of government created by the Spanish Constitution of 1931.

The heir to the throne of Spain was Juan de Borbón ''(Count of Barcelona)'', the son of the late Alfonso XIII. However, General Franco viewed the heir with extreme suspicion, believing him to be a liberal who was opposed to his regime. In 1961, Franco offered the crown to Archduke Otto of Austria, but he declined on account of the Habsburg dynasty's long absence from the Spanish throne, and recommended Juan Carlos. Franco then considered giving the Spanish throne to Juan Carlos's cousin Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz. Alfonso was known to be an ardent Francoist and would marry Franco's granddaughter, Doña María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco in 1972. In response, Juan Carlos started to use his second name ''Carlos'' to assert his claim to the heritage of the Carlist branch of his family.

Ultimately, Franco decided to skip a generation and name Juan de Borbón's son, Prince Juan Carlos, as his personal successor. Franco hoped the young prince could be groomed to take over the nation while still maintaining the ultraconservative nature of his regime. In 1969, Juan Carlos was officially designated heir and was given the new title of Prince of Spain (not the traditional Prince of Asturias). As a condition of being named heir-apparent, he had to swear loyalty to Franco's Movimiento Nacional, which he did with little outward hesitation.

Prince Juan Carlos met and consulted Franco many times while heir apparent and often took part in official and ceremonial state functions standing alongside the dictator, much to the anger of hardline republicans and more moderate liberals, who had hoped that Franco's death would bring in an era of reform. During 1969-1975, Juan Carlos publicly supported Franco's regime. Although Franco's health worsened during those years, whenever he did appear in public, from state dinners to military parades, it was in Juan Carlos company as he continued to praise Franco and his government for the economic growth and positive changes in Spain. However, as the years progressed, Juan Carlos began meeting secretly with political opposition leaders and exiles, who were fighting to bring liberal reform to the country. He also had secret conversations with his father over the telephone. Franco, for his part, remained largely oblivious to the prince's actions and denied allegations from his ministers and advisors that Juan Carlos was in any way disloyal to his vision of the regime.

During periods of Franco's temporary incapacity in 1974 and 1975 Juan Carlos was acting head of state. Near death, on 30 October 1975, Franco gave full control to Juan Carlos. On 22 November, following Franco's death, the Cortes Generales proclaimed Juan Carlos King of Spain and on 27 November, Juan Carlos was anointed king in a ceremony called ''Holy Spirit Mass'', which was the equivalent of a coronation, at the Jerónimos Church in Madrid.

Restoration of the monarchy

Juan Carlos quickly instituted reforms, to the great displeasure of Falangist and conservative (monarchist) elements, especially in the military, who had expected him to maintain the authoritarian state. He appointed Adolfo Suárez, a former leader of the Movimiento Nacional, as Prime Minister of Spain.

On 20 May 1977, the leader of the only recently legalized Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Felipe González, accompanied by Javier Solana, visited Juan Carlos in the Zarzuela Palace. The event represented a key endorsement of the monarchy from Spain's political left, who had been historically republican. Left-wing support for the monarchy grew when the Communist Party of Spain was legalized shortly thereafter, a move Juan Carlos had pressed for, despite enormous right-wing military opposition at that time, during the Cold War.

On 15 June 1977, Spain held its first post-Franco democratic elections. In 1978, a new Constitution was promulgated that acknowledged Juan Carlos as rightful heir of the Spanish dynasty and King; specifically, Title II, Section 57 asserted Juan Carlos' right to the throne of Spain by dynastic succession in the Borbón tradition, as "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" rather than as the designated successor of Franco. The Constitution was passed by the democratically elected Constituent Cortes, ratified by the people in a referendum (6 December) and then signed into law by the King before a solemn meeting of the Cortes.

Further legitimacy had been restored to Juan Carlos´ position on 14 May 1977, when his father, Don Juan (whom many monarchists had recognized as the legitimate, exiled King of Spain during the Franco era), formally renounced his claim to the Throne and recognized his son as the sole head of the Spanish Royal House, transferring to him the historical heritage of the Spanish monarchy, thus making Juan Carlos both the ''de facto'' and the ''de jure'' (rightful) King in the eyes of the traditional monarchists. Juan Carlos, who had already been King since Franco's death, gave an acceptance address after his father's resignation speech and thanked him by confirming the title of Count of Barcelona that Don Juan had assumed in exile. It was a sovereign title associated to the crown.

An attempted military coup, known as 23-F, occurred on 23 February 1981, when the Cortes were seized by members of the Guardia Civil in the parliamentary chamber. Believed to be a major factor in foiling the coup was the public television broadcast by the king, calling for unambiguous support for the legitimate democratic government. Certainly, in the hours before his speech, he had personally called many senior military figures to tell them that he was opposed to the coup and that they had to defend the democratic government.

When Juan Carlos became king, Communist leader Santiago Carrillo nicknamed him ''Juan Carlos the Brief'', predicting that the monarchy would soon be swept away with the other remnants of the Franco era. After the collapse of the attempted coup mentioned above, however, in an emotional statement, Carrillo told television viewers: "God save the king." The Communist leader also remarked: "Today, we are all monarchists." If public support for the monarchy among democrats and leftists before 1981 had been limited, following the king's handling of the coup, it became significantly greater. According to a poll in the newspaper ''El Mundo'' in November 2005, 77.5% of Spaniards thought Juan Carlos was "good or very good", 15.4% "not so good", and only 7.1% "bad or very bad". Even so, the issue of the monarchy re-emerged on 28 September 2007 as photos of the king were burnt in public in Catalonia by small groups of protesters wanting the restoration of the Republic.

In July 2000, Juan Carlos was the target of an enraged protester when Juan María Fernández y Krohn, who had previously tried to take the life of Pope John Paul II, began shouting "Murderer! Murderer!" at the king and then approached him in a very threatening manner.

Role in contemporary Spanish politics

The election of socialist leader Felipe González to the Spanish prime ministership in 1982 marked the effective end of the King's active involvement in Spanish politics. González would govern for over a decade, and his administration helped consolidate the democratic gains and thus maintained the stability of the nation. While the king is generally reckoned as having a merely ceremonial role in politics, he commands great moral authority as an essential symbol of the country's unity.

Under the constitution, the King has immunity from prosecution in matters relating to his official duties. This is so because every act of the King as such (and not as a citizen) needs to be undersigned by a government official, thus making the undersigner responsible instead of the king. Offences against the honour of the Royal Family are specially protected by the Spanish Penal Code. Under this protection, Basque independentist Arnaldo Otegi and cartoonists from ''El Jueves'' were tried and punished.

The King gives an annual speech to the nation on Christmas Eve. He is the commander-in-chief of the Spanish armed forces.

When the media asked Juan Carlos in 2005 if he would endorse the bill legalizing gay marriage that was then being debated in the ''Cortes Generales'', he answered ''"Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica"'' ("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") a reference to King Baudouin I of Belgium, who refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion. The King gave his Royal Assent to Law 13/2005 on 1 July 2005; the law legalizing gay marriage was gazetted in the ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' on 2 July, and came into effect on 3 July.

In November 2007 at the Ibero-American Summit in Santiago de Chile, during a heated exchange, Juan Carlos interrupted Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and asked him, "''¿Por qué no te callas?''" ("Why don't you shut up?"). Chávez had been interrupting the Spanish Prime Minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, while the latter was defending his predecessor and political opponent, José María Aznar, after Chávez had referred to Aznar as a fascist and "less human than snakes". The King shortly afterwards left the hall when President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua accused Spain of intervention in his country's elections and complained about some Spanish energy companies working in Nicaragua. This was an unprecedented diplomatic incident and a rare display of public anger by the King.

Popularity in Portugal and the Iberian Union question

A 2006 poll taken in Portugal showed that 28% of the Portuguese were in favour of an Iberian Union and wanted to become Spanish, with Juan Carlos I as their King (which could also be a sign of discontent with local politicians), and followed attentively the lives of the Spanish Royal Family; while a similar poll taken in Spain stated that 45.7% of the Spanish would also favour an Iberian Union, a number that rises to 50.8% in the age group between 18 and 24. A new poll from 2011 presents a rise in the Portuguese supporters of such a union from 45.6% to 46.1% and in the Spanish supporters from 31% to 39.8%.

Family and private life

Juan Carlos was married in Athens at the Church of Saint Dennis on 14 May 1962, to HRH Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Paul. She was Greek Orthodox but converted to Roman Catholicism in order to become Spain's queen. Also in 1962, a Roman Catholic wedding was performed in the Pauline Chapel the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.

They have two daughters and a son.

Infanta Elena María Isabel Dominica

Infanta Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia

Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso, Prince of Asturias

In 1972, Juan Carlos, a keen sailor, competed in the Dragon class event at the Olympic Games, though he did not win any medals. In their summer holidays, the whole family meets in Marivent Palace (Palma de Mallorca) and the Fortuna yacht, where they take part in sailing competitions. The king has manned the Bribón series of yachts. In winter, they usually go skiing in Baqueira-Beret and Candanchú (Pyrenees), where the king has occasionally ended with a broken leg.

Juan Carlos also enjoys bear hunting. In October 2004, he angered environmental activists by killing nine bears (of which one was a pregnant female) in central Romania. In August 2006, it is alleged that Juan Carlos shot a drunken tame bear (Mitrofan) during a private hunting trip to Russia. The Office of the Spanish Monarchy denies this claim, which was made by the Russian regional authorities.

Juan Carlos and Sophia are fluent in several languages. They both speak Spanish, English, and French. The king also speaks fluent Italian and Catalan. Unlike the queen, Juan Carlos does not speak any German, nor her native language, Greek, a fact he regrets.

Juan Carlos is an amateur radio operator and holds the call sign EA0JC. His fondness of incognito motorbike riding has raised urban legends of people finding him on lonely roads. Even to the extent that a biker out of petrol stranded on a hot sunny day was assisted by a fellow motorcyclist who returned with a small container of petrol, the good-Samaritan on removing his helmet was apparently, Juan Carlos.

Juan Carlos is member of the World Scout Foundation.

Health

A benign tumour was removed from King Juan Carlos’ lung in an operation carried out in the "Hospital Clínic" of Barcelona on Saturday 8 May 2010. The 72-year-old Monarch was expected to be allowed home in three or four days, and able to renew full physical activity in a fortnight. The operation came as a result of the King’s latest annual check-up, and doctors said the procedure went well and Juan Carlos would not need any further follow-up treatment. At a press convention the operating team said that the 17-19mm tumour which had been removed under a general anaesthetic from the right lung contained no malignant cells. ‘This is good news’, said doctor Laureano Molins, who had directed the operation.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply ''Rey/Reina de España'': that is, "king/queen of Spain". However, the constitution allows for the use of other historic titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, without specifying them. A decree promulgated 6 November 1987 at the Council of Ministers regulates the titles further, and on that basis the monarch of Spain has a right to use ("may use") those other titles appertaining to the Crown. Contrary to some belief, the long titulary that contains the list of over 20 kingdoms, etc., is not in state use, nor is it used in Spanish diplomacy. In fact, it has never been in use in that form, as "Spain" was never a part of the list in pre-1837 era when the long list was officially used.

This feudal style was last used officially in 1836, in the titulary of Isabella II of Spain before she became constitutional Queen.

Juan Carlos's titles include that of King of Jerusalem, as successor to the royal family of Naples.

Titles in official use

King of Spain, of Castile, of León, of Aragon, of the Two Sicilies (Naples and Sicily), of Jerusalem, of Navarre, of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of Seville, of Sardinia, of Córdoba, of Corsica, of Murcia, of Menorca, of Jaén, of Algeciras, of Gibraltar, of the Canary Islands, of the East and West Indies and of the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea;

Archduke of Austria;

Duke of Burgundy, of Brabant, of Milan, and of Neopatra (New Patras);

Count of Habsburg, of Flanders, of Tyrol, of Roussillon and of Barcelona;

Lord of Biscay and of Molina

Honours

Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Spain)

Grand Master of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III (Spain)

Grand Master of the Royal Order of Isabel the Catholic (Spain)

Grand Master of the Royal and Military Order of St. Hermenegildo (Spain)

Grand Master of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand (Spain)

Grand Master of the Order of Montesa (Spain)

Grand Master of the Order of Alcántara (Spain)

Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava (Spain)

Grand Master of the Order of Santiago (Spain)

Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honor (France)

Knight Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal)

Knight (974th) of the Order of the Garter (United Kingdom)

Royal Victorian Chain (United Kingdom)

Knight of the Order of the White Lion (Czech Republic)

Knight of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn (Thailand)

Knight Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (House of Bourbon) Knight of the Order of Saint Januarius (House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies) Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (House of Savoy)

Lord Protector of the International Order of St Hubertus

Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation

Other honours

The king has been the recipient of numerous honorary degrees, including from University of Santo Tomas, Philippines; Harvard University; Southern Methodist University (where, in 2001, he formally opened the Meadows Museum, housing the largest collection of Spanish art outside Spain), and Georgetown University. Juan Carlos also has received honorary Doctor of Laws degrees from New York University, the University of Cambridge and the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands (25 October 2001).

In 1997, NYU opened the King Juan Carlos I of Spain Center (to promote research and teaching on Spain and the Spanish-speaking world) in the historic Judson Hall and adjacent buildings on Washington Square in New York City. He is also a member of the Sons of the American Revolution organization. In 1996, he received the Jean Monnet award of the Jean Monnet Foundation for Europe for his work on integrating Spain into the European Community. Juan Carlos I Park, the main municipal park of Madrid, was named after the king. The Spanish Antarctic Base on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for King Juan Carlos I of Spain. The multi-purpose warship Juan Carlos I of the Spanish navy is named for King Juan Carlos I. Juan Carlos also was awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 1982.

Ancestors

King Juan Carlos is a direct descendant of many famous European rulers from different countries. He is a descendant of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom through his grandmother, Victoria Eugenie; of Louis XIV of France through the House of Bourbon; of the Emperor Charles V, who belonged to the Habsburg dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. The Capetian dynasty, to which he also belongs, is the oldest in Europe. Some of his distant ancestors include Joan, Duchess of Burgundy and queen consort of Philip VI of France. He is a descendant of Maria Leszczyńska, daughter of King Stanislaus Leszczynski of Poland, and Queen Consort of France through an unbroken line of Bourbon princesses who married within the Bourbon house. He's also a descendant of Pelagius, first king (718-737 a.C) during the Reconquista, as descendant of the kings of Castile and Leon, and through him the Visigothic kings. The King is a direct descendent of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. {{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Juan Carlos of Spain |2= 2. Infante Juan of Spain, Count of Barcelona |3= 3. Princess María Mercedes of the Two Sicilies |4= 4. Alfonso XIII of Spain |5= 5. Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg |6= 6. Prince Carlos of the Two Sicilies |7= 7. Princess Louise of Orléans |8= 8. Alfonso XII of Spain |9= 9. Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria |10= 10. Prince Henry of Battenberg |11= 11. Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom |12= 12. Prince Alfonso of the Two Sicilies, Count of Caserta |13= 13. Princess Antonietta of the Two Sicilies |14= 14. Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris |15= 15. Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans |16= 16. Infante Francis of Spain, Duke of Cádiz |17= 17. Isabella II of Spain |18= 18. Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria |19= 19. Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria |20= 20. Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine |21= 21. Countess Julia Hauke |22= 22. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |23= 23. Victoria of the United Kingdom |24= 24. Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies |25= 25. Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria |26= 26. Prince Francis of the Two Sicilies, Count of Trapani |27= 27. Archduchess Maria Isabella of Austria |28= 28. Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans |29= 29. Duchess Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |30= 30. Prince Antoine of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier |31= 31. Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain }}

Patrilineal descent

See also

List of national leaders

History of Spain

Politics of Spain

Line of succession to the Spanish Throne

List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown

List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain

References

Notes

Paul Preston, ''Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy'', W W Norton & Co Inc, June 2004. ISBN 0-393-05804-2.

Ronald Hilton, ''SPAIN: King Juan Carlos''.

External links

Biography of Juan Carlos I at CIDOB Foundation

Official website of the Spanish Royal Family

Royal House of Spain

Royal House of Greece

Juan Carlos I Family Tree

Spanish king tells Chavez to 'shut up'

Voices of the Transition - A Political History of Spain, 1975-1982

His pedigree; not necessarily reliable

Earth Times article

Spain supports the monarchy

Royals

|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |-

Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:People from Rome (city) Category:Spanish monarchs Category:Roman Catholic monarchs Category:Reigning monarchs Category:Spanish infantes Category:House of Bourbon (Spain) Category:Francoist Spain Category:Claimant Kings of Jerusalem Category:Current national leaders Category:20th-century Roman Catholics Category:21st-century Roman Catholics Category:Spanish yacht racers Category:Sailors at the 1972 Summer Olympics Category:Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge Category:Karlspreis recipients Category:Knights of Santiago Category:Knights of the Order of Alcántara Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Category:Knights of the Elephant Category:Knights of Malta Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Januarius Category:Knights Grand Cross of Justice of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Category:Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland) Category:Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa Category:Knights of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter Category:Grand Collars of the Order of the Tower and Sword Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav Category:Collars of the Order of the White Lion Category:Recipients of the Order of the Three Stars, 1st Class Category:Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of Leopold (Belgium) Category:Commanders Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Category:Grand Croix of the Ordre national du Mérite Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Redeemer Category:Grand Necklace of the Dynasty of Reza Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Category:Knights of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Category:Recipients of the Order of the Nation Category:Recipients of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Category:Recipients of the Order of Vytautas the Great Category:Collars of the Order of the Aztec Eagle Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John Category:Sashes of the Order of the Star of Romania Category:Recipients of the Order of the Seraphim

ar:خوان كارلوس الأول an:Chuan-Carlos I d'Espanya ast:Xuan Carlos I d'España zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ ê thâu I ê Juan Carlos be:Хуан Карлас I be-x-old:Хуан-Карлас I bs:Juan Carlos, kralj Španije bg:Хуан Карлос I ca:Joan Carles I d'Espanya cs:Juan Carlos I. cy:Juan Carlos I, brenin Sbaen da:Juan Carlos af Spanien de:Juan Carlos I. et:Juan Carlos I el:Χουάν Κάρλος Α' της Ισπανίας es:Juan Carlos I de España eo:Johano Karlo la 1-a (Hispanio) ext:Juan Carlos I d'España eu:Joan Karlos I.a Espainiakoa fa:خوآن کارلوس اول اسپانیا fr:Juan Carlos Ier d'Espagne ga:Juan Carlos I na Spáinne gl:Xoán Carlos I de España ko:후안 카를로스 1세 hy:Խուան Կառլոս I hr:Juan Carlos I. io:Juan Carlos 1ma id:Juan Carlos I dari Spanyol is:Jóhann Karl 1. it:Juan Carlos I di Spagna he:חואן קרלוס הראשון, מלך ספרד ka:ხუან კარლოს I kw:Jowann Charlys I a Spayn ku:Juan Carlos I la:Ioannes Carolus I (rex Hispaniae) lv:Huans Karloss I lb:Juan Carlos I. vu Spuenien lt:Chuanas Karlosas I hu:I. János Károly spanyol király mk:Хуан Карлос I mr:हुआन कार्लोस पहिला, स्पेन arz:خوان كارلوس الاولانى ملك اسپانيا ms:Juan Carlos I dari Sepanyol nah:Juan Carlos I nl:Juan Carlos I van Spanje ja:フアン・カルロス1世 (スペイン王) no:Juan Carlos I av Spania nn:Juan Carlos I av Spania oc:Joan Carles I d'Espanha pms:Juan Carlos I pl:Jan Karol I Hiszpański pt:Juan Carlos da Espanha ro:Juan Carlos I al Spaniei qu:Juan Carlos I ru:Хуан Карлос I simple:Juan Carlos I of Spain sk:Juan Carlos I. sl:Juan Carlos I. sr:Хуан Карлос I од Шпаније fi:Juan Carlos I sv:Juan Carlos I av Spanien tl:Juan Carlos I ng Espanya th:สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีควน การ์โลสที่ 1 แห่งสเปน tr:I. Juan Carlos uk:Хуан Карлос I vec:Juan Carlos I de Spagna vi:Juan Carlos I của Tây Ban Nha war:Juan Carlos I han Espanya yo:Juan Carlos Àkọ́kọ́ ilẹ̀ Spéìn zh:胡安·卡洛斯一世

Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Kenny Dalglish MBE
fullname	Kenneth Mathieson Dalglish
birth date	March 04, 1951
birth place	Glasgow, Scotland
height
position	Second striker
currentclub	Liverpool (Manager)
youthyears1	1967–1968
youthclubs1	Cumbernauld United
youthyears2	1968–1969
youthclubs2	Celtic
years1	1969–1977
years2	1977–1990
clubs1	Celtic
clubs2	Liverpool
caps1	204
goals1	112
caps2	355
goals2	118
totalcaps	559 |totalgoals 230
nationalyears1	1971–1986
nationalteam1	Scotland
nationalcaps1	102
nationalgoals1	30
manageryears1	1985–1991
manageryears2	1991–1995
manageryears3	1997–1998
manageryears4	2000
manageryears5	2011–
managerclubs1	Liverpool (Player Manager)
managerclubs2	Blackburn Rovers
managerclubs3	Newcastle United
managerclubs4	Celtic
managerclubs5	Liverpool }}

Kenneth Mathieson "Kenny" Dalglish () MBE (born 4 March 1951) is a Scottish former footballer and the current manager of Liverpool F.C. In a 22-year playing career, he played for two club teams, Celtic and Liverpool, winning numerous honours with both. He is the most capped Scottish player, with 102 appearances, and is Scotland's joint leading goal scorer. Dalglish was voted PFA Player of the Year for the 1982–83 season, and he also won two Football Writers' Footballer of the Year awards. In 2009 he was named by ''FourFourTwo'' magazine as the greatest striker in post-war British football, and in 2006 he was placed first in Liverpool's official list of "100 Players Who Shook the Kop".

Dalglish began his career with Celtic and between 1971 and 1977 he won four Scottish First Division titles, four Scottish Cups and one Scottish League Cup with the club. In 1977, Bob Paisley paid a British transfer record of £440,000 to bring Dalglish to Liverpool. His years at Liverpool marked one of the club's most successful periods: he won seven league titles, three European Cups and five domestic trophies. For these achievements and his style of play he was given the name King Kenny by Liverpool supporters. Dalglish became player-manager of Liverpool in 1985 and in a six-year tenure won three league titles and two FA Cups. He resigned as Liverpool manager in 1991, in the wake of the Hillsborough disaster.

Dalglish joined Blackburn Rovers in 1991 and he turned the Second Division side into Premier League winners in 1995. His move to Newcastle United in 1997 was less successful. Dalglish was appointed Director of Football at Celtic in 1999 but a stint as caretaker manager ended in an acrimonious departure the following year.

Between 2000 and 2010 Dalglish focused on charitable concerns, founding The Marina Dalglish Appeal with his wife to raise money for cancer care. In January 2011 Dalglish was appointed Liverpool's caretaker manager, and he signed a three-year permanent deal with the club in May 2011.

Playing career

Early career

Dalglish, the son of an engineer, was born in Dalmarnock in the East End of Glasgow, and was brought up in Milton in the north of Glasgow. He moved to the docklands of Govan, near Ibrox, home of Rangers football club, when he was 15, and he grew up supporting Rangers.

Dalglish attended Milton Bank Primary School in Milton and started out as a goalkeeper. He then attended High Possil Senior Secondary School, where he won the inter-schools five-a-side and the inter-year five-a-side competitions. He won the Scottish Cup playing for Glasgow Schoolboys and Glasgow Schools, and was then selected for the Scottish schoolboys team that went undefeated in a home nations Victory Shield tournament. In 1966 Dalglish had unsuccessful trials at West Ham and Liverpool.

Celtic

Dalglish signed a provisional contract with Celtic in May 1967. Celtic manager Jock Stein sent Sean Fallon to see Dalglish and his parents at their home; on hearing that Fallon was at the door, Dalglish rushed upstairs to remove the Rangers posters from his bedroom walls. In his first season Dalglish was loaned out to Cumbernauld United, for whom he scored 37 goals. During this time he also worked as an apprentice joiner. By the following year Dalglish was a full professional and a regular member of the highly-rated Celtic reserve team that became known as the Quality Street Gang, due to its having a large number of future Scottish internationals, including Danny McGrain, George Connelly, Lou Macari, and David Hay. Dalglish made his first-team competitive debut for Celtic as a substitute in the 1968 Scottish League Cup quarter-final tie against Hamilton Academical.

Dalglish was in the stands when the Ibrox disaster occurred at an Old Firm match in February 1971, when 66 Rangers fans were killed.

By the 1971–72 season, Dalglish had become established in the Celtic first team. He scored his first competitive goal for the club, a penalty, in a 2–0 Scottish League Cup tie win over Rangers at Ibrox in August 1971, and that season went on to score 23 league and cup goals in 49 appearances. The following season Dalglish was Celtic's leading scorer, with 41 goals in all competitions. He was made Celtic captain in the 1975–76 season, during which Celtic failed to win a trophy for the first time in 12 years, after Stein was badly injured in a car crash and missed most of the season.

On 10 August 1977, after making 320 appearances and scoring 167 goals for Celtic, Dalglish was signed by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley for a British transfer fee record of £440,000. Dalglish's departure was unpopular with the Celtic fans, and when he returned in August 1978 to play in Stein's testimonial, he was booed by a large contingent of Celtic supporters.

Liverpool

Dalglish was signed to replace Kevin Keegan, and Liverpool supporters were initially sceptical that he could perform this task. However, Dalglish quickly settled into his new club. He made his debut, wearing Keegan's number seven shirt, on 13 August 1977 in the season opener at Wembley, in the Charity Shield against Manchester United. He scored his first goal for Liverpool in his league debut a week later on 20 August, against Middlesbrough. Dalglish also scored three days later on his Anfield debut in a 2–0 victory over Newcastle United, and he scored Liverpool's sixth goal when they beat Keegan's Hamburg 6–0 in the second leg of the 1977 UEFA Super Cup final. By the end of his first season with Liverpool, Dalglish had played 62 times and scored 31 goals, including the winning goal in the 1978 European Cup Final final at Wembley against Bruges.

In his second season Dalglish recorded a personal best of 21 league goals for the club, and he was also named Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year. He did not miss a league game for Liverpool until the 1980–81 season, when he appeared in 34 out of 42 league games and scored only eight goals as Liverpool finished fifth in the league, but still won the European Cup and Football League Cup. He recovered his goal-scoring form the following season, and was an ever-present player in the league once again, scoring 13 goals as Liverpool became league champions for the 13th time, and the third time since Dalglish's arrival. It was also around this time that he began to form a potent strike partnership with Ian Rush; Dalglish began to play just off Rush, "running riot in the extra space afforded to him in the hole". Dalglish was voted PFA Player of the Year for the 1982–83 season, during which he scored 18 league goals as Liverpool retained their title. From 1983 Dalglish became less prolific as a goalscorer, though he remained a regular player.

After becoming player-manager on the retirement of Joe Fagan in the 1985 close season, Dalglish selected himself for just 21 First Division games in 1985–86 as Liverpool won the double, but he started the FA Cup final win over Everton. On the last day of the league season, his goal in a 1–0 away win over Chelsea gave Liverpool their 16th league title. Dalglish had a personally better campaign in the 1986–87 season, scoring six goals in 18 league appearances, but by then he was committed to giving younger players priority for a first team place.

With the sale of Ian Rush to Juventus in 1987, Dalglish formed a new striker partnership of new signings John Aldridge and Peter Beardsley for the 1987–88 season, and he played only twice in a league campaign which saw Liverpool gain their 17th title. Dalglish did not play in Liverpool's 1988–89 campaign, and he made his final league appearance on 5 May 1990 as a substitute against Derby County F.C.. At 39, he was one of the oldest players ever to play for Liverpool. His final goal had come three years earlier, in a 3–0 home league win over Nottingham Forest on 18 April 1987.

Scotland

Tommy Docherty gave Dalglish his debut for the Scottish national side as a substitute in the 1–0 Euro '72 qualifier victory over Belgium on 10 November 1971 at Pittodrie. Dalglish scored his first goal for Scotland a year later on 15 November 1972 in the 2–0 World Cup qualifier win over Denmark at Hampden Park. Scotland eventually qualified and he went to the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany, where they were eliminated during the group stages.

In 1976 Dalglish scored the winning goal for Scotland at Hampden Park against England, by nutmegging Ray Clemence. A year later Dalglish scored against the same opponents and goalkeeper at Wembley, in another 2–1 win.

Dalglish went on to play in both the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina – scoring against eventual runners-up the Netherlands in a famous 3–2 win – and the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, scoring against New Zealand. On both occasions Scotland failed to get past the group stage. In total, Dalglish played 102 times for Scotland (a national record) and he scored 30 goals, (also a national record, which he shares with Denis Law.) Dalglish's final appearance for Scotland, after 15 years as a full international, was on 12 November 1986 at Hampden Park in a Euro 88 qualifying game against Luxembourg, which Scotland won 3-0. His 30th and final international goal had been two years earlier, on 14 November 1984, in a 3-1 win over Spain in a World Cup qualifier, also at Hampden Park.

Managerial career

Liverpool

After the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 and Joe Fagan's subsequent resignation as manager, Dalglish became player-manager of Liverpool. In his first season in charge in 1985–86, he guided the club to its first "double". Liverpool achieved this by winning the League Championship by two points over Everton (Dalglish himself scored the winner in a 1–0 victory over Chelsea at Stamford Bridge to secure the title on the final day of the season), and the FA Cup by beating Everton in the final. The following season was trophyless for Liverpool. Before the 1987–88 season, Dalglish signed a number of new players: Peter Beardsley from Newcastle, John Aldridge from Oxford United (who replaced Ian Rush); winger John Barnes from Watford; and Oxford United midfielder Ray Houghton. The new-look Liverpool side shaped by Dalglish topped the league for almost the entire season, and had a run of 37 matches unbeaten in all competitions (including 29 in the league; 22 wins and 7 draws) from the beginning of the season to 21 February 1988, when they lost to Everton in the league. Liverpool were crowned champions with four games left to play, having suffered just two defeats from 40 games. However, Dalglish's side lost the 1988 FA Cup Final to underdogs Wimbledon. Dalglish guided Liverpool to victory over Everton in the second all-Merseyside F.A. Cup final in 1989, but was deprived of a second double in the last minute of the final game of the season. In the 1989–90 season Liverpool won their third league title under Dalglish. At the end of the season Dalglish also received his third Manager of the Year award. Dalglish resigned as manager of Liverpool (on health grounds) on 22 February 1991, two days after a 4–4 draw with rivals Everton in which Liverpool surrendered the lead four times. At the time of his resignation, the club were three points ahead in the league and still in contention for the FA Cup.

Hillsborough disaster

Dalglish was the manager of Liverpool at the time of the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989. The disaster claimed 94 lives on the day, with the final death toll reaching 96. Dalglish attended many funerals of the victims – including four in one day – and was greatly praised for the dignity and compassion he showed in the aftermath of the tragedy. Dalglish broke a twenty-year silence about the disaster in March 2009. He expressed regret that the police and the FA did not consider delaying the kick-off of the match, a move which might have averted the 96 deaths. During the Hillsborough Memorial Service on 15 April 2011, Liverpool MP Steve Rotherham announced that he would submit an Early Day Motion to have Dalglish knighted, "not only for his outstanding playing and managerial career, but also the charity work he has done with his wife, Marina, for breast cancer support and what he did after Hillsborough. It is common knowledge it affected him deeply".

Blackburn Rovers

Dalglish returned to management in October 1991, with Second Division Blackburn Rovers, who he led into the Premier League by beating Leicester City 1–0 in the Second Division Play-off final at Wembley. The resulting promotion meant that Blackburn were back in the top flight of English football for the first time since 1966. In 1992, Dalglish signed Southampton's Alan Shearer for a British record fee of £3.5 million. Despite a serious injury which ruled Shearer out for half the season, Dalglish achieved fourth position with the team in the first year of the new Premier League. The following year, Dalglish failed in an attempt to sign Roy Keane. Blackburn finished two positions higher the following season, as runners-up to Manchester United. By this time, Dalglish had added England internationals Tim Flowers and David Batty to his squad. At the start of the 1994–95 season Dalglish paid a record £5 million for Chris Sutton, with whom Shearer formed an effective strike partnership. By the last game of the season, both Blackburn and Manchester were in contention for the title. Blackburn had to travel to Liverpool, and Manchester United faced West Ham United in London. Blackburn lost 2–1, but still won the title since Manchester United failed to get a result in London. The title meant that Dalglish was only the third football manager in history to lead two different clubs to top-flight league championships, after Herbert Chapman and Brian Clough. Dalglish became Director of Football at Blackburn in June 1995. He left the club at the end of the season after a disappointing campaign under his replacement, Ray Harford.

Newcastle United

In January 1997 Dalglish was appointed manager of Premier League side Newcastle United on a three-and-a-half-year contract, taking over from Kevin Keegan. Dalglish guided the club from fourth position to a runner-up spot in May and a place in the new format of the following season's UEFA Champions League. However, the 1997–98 campaign saw Newcastle finish in only 13th place and, despite Dalglish achieving some notable successes during the season (including a 3–2 UEFA Champions League win over Barcelona and an FA Cup final appearance against Arsenal), he was sacked by Freddie Shepherd after two draws in the opening two games of the subsequent 1998–1999 season, and replaced by former Chelsea manager Ruud Gullit. One commentator has since written, "His 20 months at Newcastle United are the only part of Kenny Dalglish's career that came anywhere near failure".

Celtic

In June 1999 he was appointed Director of Football at Celtic, with his former Liverpool signing John Barnes appointed as head coach. Barnes was sacked in February 2000 and Dalglish was appointed manager, and he guided them to the Scottish League Cup final where they beat Aberdeen 2–0 at Hampden Park, and he left the club shortly thereafter. Dalglish was unhappy with the departure and Celtic's termination of his contract. He had recommended previous manager Barnes to the club and offered himself as a replacement manager should the young Barnes not succeed in the role. In spite of the termination of his contract, Dalglish vowed to stay on as Director of football. After a brief legal battle, Dalglish accepted Celtic's settlement offer of £600,000.

Return to Liverpool

In April 2009 Liverpool manager Rafael Benítez invited Dalglish to take up a role at the club's youth academy. The appointment was confirmed in July 2009, and Dalglish was also made the club's ambassador.

Following Benitez's departure from Liverpool in June 2010, Dalglish was asked to help find a replacement, and in July Fulham's Roy Hodgson was appointed manager. However, a poor series of results at the start of the 2010–11 season led to Liverpool fans calling for Dalglish's return as manager as early as October 2010, and with no subsequent improvement in Liverpool's results up to the end of the year (during which time the club was bought by New England Sports Ventures), Hodgson left Liverpool and Dalglish was appointed caretaker manager on 8 January 2011. Dalglish's first game in charge was on 9 January 2011 at Old Trafford against Manchester United in the 3rd round of the FA Cup, which Liverpool lost 1–0. Dalglish's first league game in charge was against Blackpool on 12 January 2011; Liverpool lost 2–1. After the game, Dalglish admitted that Liverpool faced "a big challenge".

Shortly after his appointment, Dalglish indicated he would like the job on a permanent basis if it was offered to him, and on 19 January the Liverpool chairman Tom Werner stated that the club's owners would favour this option. On 22 January 2011, Dalglish led Liverpool to their first win since his return, against Wolves at Molineux. After signing Andy Carroll from Newcastle for a British record transfer fee of £35 million and Luis Suárez from Ajax for £22.8 million at the end of January (in the wake of Fernando Torres's sale to Chelsea for £50 million), some journalists noted that Dalglish had begun to assert his authority at the club. Following a 1–0 victory against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in February 2011, described by Alan Smith as "a quite brilliant display in terms of discipline and spirit" and a "defensive masterplan" by David Pleat, Henry Winter wrote, "it can only be a matter of time before he [Dalglish] is confirmed as long-term manager". On 12 May 2011, the club announced that Dalglish had been given a three-year contract.

Personal life

Dalglish has been married to Marina since 26 November 1974. His best man at his wedding was another ex-professional footballer, Jim Donald of Queen of the South. The couple have four children, including Kelly, born 1975 and Paul, born 1977. Kelly is now a correspondent for ESPN UK; Paul followed in his father's footsteps as a footballer, and is the current manager of the Austin Aztex. His other daughters are Lynsey, born 1982 and Lauren, born 1988.

Dalglish's wife was diagnosed with breast cancer in March 2003, but she made a good recovery from the disease. She was awarded an MBE in the 2009 New Year Honours list for services to charity.

Charity work

In 2004, Dalglish and his wife founded the charity The Marina Dalglish Appeal to raise money to help treat cancer. Dalglish has participated in a number of events to raise money for the charity, including a replay of the 1986 FA Cup Final. In June 2007 a Centre for Oncology at University Hospital Aintree was opened, after the charity had raised £1.5 million. Dalglish often competes in the annual Gary Player Invitational Tournament, a charity golfing event which raises money for children's causes around the world. On 1 July 2011, Dalglish was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Ulster, for services to football and charity.

Career statistics

Club

|- |1968–69||rowspan="9"|Celtic||rowspan="7"|Division One||0||0||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0 |- |1969–70||2||0||0||0||2||0||0||0||4||0 |- |1970–71||3||0||1||0||0||0||1||0||5||0 |- |1971–72||31||17||4||1||8||5||7||0||50||23 |- |1972–73||32||23||6||5||11||10||4||3||53||41 |- |1973–74||33||18||6||1||10||3||7||2||56||24 |- |1974–75||33||16||5||2||8||3||2||0||48||21 |- |1975–76||rowspan="2"|Premier Division||35||24||1||1||10||4||5||3||51||32 |- |1976–77||35||14||7||1||10||10||2||1||54||26 |- |1977–78||rowspan="13"|Liverpool||rowspan="13"|First Division||42||20||1||1||9||6||9||4||61||31 |- |1978–79||42||21||7||4||1||0||4||0||54||25 |- |1979–80||42||16||8||2||7||4||2||0||59||22 |- |1980–81||34||8||2||2||8||7||9||1||53||18 |- |1981–82||42||13||2||2||10||5||6||2||60||22 |- |1982–83||42||18||3||1||7||0||5||1||57||20 |- |1983–84||33||7||0||0||8||2||9||3||50||12 |- |1984–85||36||6||7||0||1||0||7||0||51||6 |- |1985–86||21||3||6||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||29||5 |- |1986–87||18||6||0||0||5||2||colspan="2"|-||23||8 |- |1987–88||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0 |- |1988–89||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0 |- |1989–90||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0 204||112||30||11||60||35||28||9||322||167 355||118||36||13||59||27||51||11||501||169 559||230||66||24||119||62||79||20||823||336

National team statistics

|- |1971||2||0 |- |1972||2||1 |- |1973||9||1 |- |1974||11||4 |- |1975||10||2 |- |1976||6||3 |- |1977||10||7 |- |1978||10||3 |- |1979||9||1 |- |1980||8||1 |- |1981||4||1 |- |1982||8||4 |- |1983||4||0 |- |1984||3||2 |- |1985||3||0 |- |1986||3||0 |- !Total||102||30 |}

International goals

:''Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.'' Hampden Park, Glasgow 16 May 1973 27 March 1974 14 May 1974 6 June 1974 30 October 1974 20 May 1975 29 October 1975 8 May 1976 15 May 1976 8 September 1976 27 April 1977 1 June 1977 1 June 1977 4 June 1977 15 June 1977 21 September 1977 12 October 1977 11 June 1978 25 October 1978 25 October 1978 7 June 1979 26 March 1980 25 February 1981 23 March 1982 15 June 1982 15 December 1982 15 December 1982 12 September 1984 14 November 1984

Goal !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
1	15 November 1972	|		1–0	2–0	1974 FIFA World Cup qualification#UEFA Group 8>WCQG8
2	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–2	1–2	1973 British Home Championship>BHC
3	|	Commerzbank-Arena>Waldstadion, Frankfurt		1–2	1–2	Exhibition game>Friendly
4	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–0	2–0	1974 British Home Championship>BHC
5	|	Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo		2–1	2–1	Friendly
6	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–0	3–0	Friendly
7	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		2–0	3–0	1975 British Home Championship>BHC
8	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–1	3–1	1976 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 4>ECQG4
9	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–0	3–0	1976 British Home Championship>BHC
10	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		2–1	2–1	1976 British Home Championship>BHC
11	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–0	6–0	Friendly
12	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		2–1	3–1	Friendly
13	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–0	3–0	1977 British Home Championship>BHC
14	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–0	3–0	BHC
15	|	Wembley Stadium (1923)>Wembley Stadium, London		2–0	2–1	BHC
16	| Estadio Nacional, Santiago ||		1–0	4–2	Friendly
17	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–0	3–1	1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#UEFA Group 7>WCQG7
18	|	Anfield, Liverpool		2–0	2–0	1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#UEFA Group 7>WCQG7
19	|	Estadio San Martin, Mendoza, Argentina>Mendoza		1–1	3–2	1978 FIFA World Cup#Group 4>WCG4
20	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–1	3–2	1980 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 2>ECQG2
21	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		2–2	3–2	1980 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 2>ECQG2
22	|	Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo		2–0	4–0	1980 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 2>ECQG2
23	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		1–0	4–1	1980 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 2>ECQG2
24	|	Ramat Gan Stadium, Ramat Gan		1–0	1–0	1982 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#UEFA Group 6>WCQG8
25	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		2–0	2–1	Friendly
26	|	Estadio La Rosaleda, Málaga		1–0	5–2	1982 FIFA World Cup#Group 6>WCG6
27	|	Heysel Stadion, Brussels		1–0	2–3	1984 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 1>ECQG1
28	|	Heysel Stadion, Brussels		2–1	2–3	1984 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying#Group 1>ECQG1
29	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–1	6–1	Friendly
30	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow		3–1	3–1	1986 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#UEFA Group 7>WCQG7

Playing honours

Celtic (1969–1977)

Scottish First Division

Winner: 1971/72, 1972/73, 1973/74, 1976/77

Scottish Cup

Winner: 1971/72, 1973/74, 1974/75, 1976/77

Scottish League Cup

Winner: 1973/74

Liverpool (1977–1990)

Football League First Division

Winner: 1978/79, 1979/80, 1981/82, 1982/83, 1983/84, 1985/86

FA Cup

Winner: 1985/86

Football League Cup

Winner: 1980/81, 1981/82, 1982/83, 1983/84

Charity Shield

Winner: 1977 (Shared), 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986 (Shared)

European Cup

Winner: 1977/78, 1980/81, 1983/84

European Super Cup

Winner: 1977

Managerial honours

Liverpool (1985–1991, 2011– )

Football League First Division

Winner: 1985/86, 1987/88, 1989/90

FA Cup

Winner: 1985/86, 1988/89

Charity Shield

Winner: 1986 (Shared) 1988, 1989, 1990 (Shared)

Blackburn Rovers (1991–1995)

FA Premier League

Winner: 1994/95

Football League Second Division Play Off

Winner: 1991/92

Celtic (2000)

Scottish League Cup

Winner: 1999/00

Awards and achievements

PFA Player of the Year: 1982/83

FWA Footballer of the Year: 1979/79, 1982/83

Scottish Premier Division top goalscorer: 1975/76

Manager of the Year award: 1985/86, 1987/88, 1989/90, 1994/95

Inaugural Inductee to the English Football Hall of Fame: 2002

Member of the Scotland Football Hall of Fame

Member of the FIFA 100

Freedom of the City of Glasgow: 1986

1st in the Liverpool Football Club poll 100 Players Who Shook The Kop: 2006

Scotland: 30 goals in 102 international caps (both national records)

Managerial statistics

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
G	W	D	L	Win %
align=left
align=left
align=left
align=left
align=left
Total

Bibliography

References

External links

Official past players at Liverpool fc.tv

English Football Hall of Fame Profile

LFCHistory.net Player profile

LFCHistory.net Manager profile

ESPN Profile

Category:1974 FIFA World Cup players Category:1978 FIFA World Cup players Category:1982 FIFA World Cup players Category:BBC Scotland Sports Personality of the Year Category:Blackburn Rovers F.C. managers Category:Celtic F.C. players Category:Celtic F.C. managers Category:Cumbernauld United F.C. players Category:English Football Hall of Fame inductees Category:FIFA 100 Category:FIFA Century Club Category:Association football forwards Category:Govan Category:Liverpool F.C. managers Category:Liverpool F.C. players Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Newcastle United F.C. managers Category:Sportspeople from Glasgow Category:Premier League managers Category:Scotland international footballers Category:Scottish footballers Category:Scottish Football League players Category:Scottish football managers Category:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame inductees Category:The Football League players Category:1951 births Category:Living people Category:Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees Category:Scottish Premier League managers

ar:كيني دالغليش bg:Кени Далглиш ca:Kenny Dalglish cs:Kenny Dalglish cy:Kenny Dalglish da:Kenny Dalglish de:Kenny Dalglish et:Kenny Dalglish el:Κέννυ Νταλγκλίς es:Kenny Dalglish eu:Kenny Dalglish fr:Kenny Dalglish ko:케니 달글리시 hr:Kenny Dalglish id:Kenny Dalglish it:Kenny Dalglish he:קני דלגליש ka:კენი დალგლიში lv:Kenijs Dalglišs lt:Kenny Dalglish hu:Kenny Dalglish nl:Kenny Dalglish ja:ケニー・ダルグリッシュ no:Kenny Dalglish pl:Kenny Dalglish pt:Kenny Dalglish ro:Kenny Dalglish ru:Далглиш, Кенни simple:Kenny Dalglish sk:Kenny Dalglish sh:Kenny Dalglish fi:Kenny Dalglish sv:Kenny Dalglish th:เคนนี ดัลกลิช tr:Kenny Dalglish uk:Кенні Далгліш vi:Kenny Dalglish zh:肯尼·达格利什

Ryan Dungey (born December 4, 1989) is a professional motocross racer competing in the AMA Supercross and Motocross championships.

His hometown is Belle Plaine, Minnesota, although he currently resides in Tallahassee, Florida, so he can take advantage of the good weather for riding and training with 15-time AMA Champion Ricky Carmichael.

Personal

Off the track, Dungey’s exposure has transcended the sport of motocross thanks to personal sponsorship from Corporate America companies Target and Nike. As a Nike Athlete, Dungey is an integral part of the LIVESTRONG campaign for cancer awareness. Additionally, Dungey is an advocate of the LIVESTRONG philosophy, using his involvement as a tool in his own determined quest in finding a cure for cancer, a disease that took his grandmother’s life in 2005. Motivated by his close bond with her, Dungey has dedicated his career to her memory.

To say that racing is in Dungey’s DNA would be an understatement. His father Troy was an amateur racer in his youth and both of Dungey’s siblings, Jade and Blake, are amateur competitors as well. The entire Dungey family is a close-knit group that travels throughout the country, supporting Ryan’s quest to be the best in the world.

Ryan recently introduced and wears a revolutionary boot from Nike 6.0 called the Nike AirMX , which was created solely for him. It’s been the talk of the industry and has received positive press outside of motocross, due in large part to Nike’s worldwide presence.

Racing

One of a small yet exclusive group of riders to make the move from the amateur ranks to a full, factory-supported professional ride, Ryan has made the most of the opportunity given to him by the former Rockstar/Makita Suzuki Team Manager and motocross legend Roger DeCoster. DeCoster left Suzuki to manage the KTM factory team in September 2010.

Since leaving a lasting mark on DeCoster after a riding audition in June 2006, Dungey has achieved tremendous success as a pro. He has also had the privilege to learn under the guidance and tutelage of 15-time AMA Motocross/Supercross champion Ricky Carmichael. The combined mentoring from two of the biggest names in the history of the sport has helped quicken Dungey’s progression at the elite level.

Through his first three years as a pro, Dungey won 18 total races in both Monster Energy Supercross and the Lucas Oil AMA Pro Motocross Championship. In 2009, he experienced a breakout season, fulfilling his dreams of winning championships as a professional by capturing the Monster Energy Supercross Lites Western Regional title as well as the Lucas Oil AMA Pro Motocross Championship 250 Class crown. To top off the most memorable year of his life, Dungey led Team USA to its fifth straight victory at the Motocross of Nations in Italy and was named 2009 Rider of the Year by both Transworld Motocross and Racer X Illustrated.

Exiting the smaller displacement on a high note gave Dungey additional confidence heading into his first season on the larger, more powerful 450cc machine where he would face off against the sports biggest stars like James Stewart, Chad Reed and Ryan Villopoto.

Adorned with his new career number of five, Dungey proved he was ready for the premier class, leading 17 laps in his debut main event and posting a runner-up finish. Over the next 16 rounds, Dungey captured six wins and joined Supercross legend Jeremy McGrath as the second rider in history to win the premier class title as a rookie.

As the 2010 season headed to the outdoor motocross nationals, Dungey carried over the momentum to effectively dominate the series unlike any rookie before him. By capturing 10 overall wins, including 19 moto victories, Dungey broke the record set by Carmichael during the 2000 season to become the most successful 450 Class rookie in history and easily claimed his second premier class title.

With such an exceptional 2010 season, Dungey holds the distinction of being the only rookie in the history of the sport to win both the Supercross and motocross titles in the premier division. He has also won every championship he’s competed in since the 2009 season and has already captured every title in the sport by the age of 20.

2011 Supercross Season

The 2011 season has been a 5 way battle between Dungey, Ryan Villopoto, James Stewart, Jr., Chad Reed, and Trey Canard. Dungey has finished consistently with the exception of round 5 where a derailed chain cost him his second consecutive fim world supercross championship. heading into the outdoors in 2011 there was a lot of controversy whether or not dungey could race against a very fast and competitive chad reed and a 3 time lites outdoor champ ryan villopoto. ryan dungey through the 2011 nationals has won 3 overalls and trails season points leader ryan villopoto by just 7 points. the reasoning for being 2nd in the overall standings is because of a blown engine at freestone costing him valuable points. ryan dungey now is finishing up his career at suzuki and will rejoin his former coach roger decoster aboard a ktm 450sxf that is fuel injected but he is still a free agent to other teams.

2nd 5th 3rd 3rd 20th 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 4th 3rd 1st 3rd 2nd 5th 3rd 2nd

+2011 Supercross Results	Round	Date	Place	Finished	Total Points	Standing
1	January 8	Anaheim	|	22	2nd
2	January 15	Phoenix	|	38	4th
3	January 22	Dodger Stadium	|	58	5th
4	January 29	Oakland	|	78	3rd
5	February 5	Anaheim II	|	79	5th
6	February 12	Houston	|	101	5th
7	February 19	San Diego	|	123	5th
8	February 26	Atlanta	|	145	5th
9	March 5	Daytona	|	165	4th
10	March 12	Indianapolis	|	183	4th
11	March 19	Jacksonville	|	203	3rd
12	March 26	Toronto	|	228	3rd
13	April 2	Arlington	|	248	3rd
14	April 9	St Louis	|	270	2nd
15	April 16	Seattle	|	286	3rd
16	April 30	Salt Lake City	|	306	3rd
17	May 7	Las Vegas	|	328	3rd

Accomplishments

2010 FIM Motocross of Nations Champion (Team USA & Overall MX1-class)

2010 AMA Motocross 450 Class Champion (Rookie Season)

2010 AMA Supercross 450 Class Champion (Rookie Season)

2009 AMA Supercross Lites West Champion

2009 AMA 250 Class Motocross Champion

2009 FIM Motocross of Nations (Team USA & Overall MX1-class)

2008 Entered two races in the premier Supercross Class, and earned one second-place finish

2008 Second place overall in the Motocross Lites class, with three wins and five second-place finishes

2008 Second place overall with three series wins in the Supercross Lites West Coast Series

2007 Fifth overall with four wins and one additional podium, AMA Supercross Lites East

2007 Fifth overall with four podiums and two top-five finishes, AMA Motocross Lites

2007 Awarded AMA Rookie of the Year for Supercross/Motocross

2006 Seventh overall, the Makita Suzuki RM-Z250 (8-8 moto finish) in professional debut at Millville MX

2006 Second place on the Makita Suzuki RM-Z250, Amp’d Mobile World Supercross GP at Vancouver, B.C., Canada

2006 Won the Lites main event on the Makita Suzuki RM-Z250 in the Saturday night program at the Fresno BooKoo Arenacross

Total Career AMA Wins

12 in Supercross Lites

8 in Supercross

7 in Motocross 250 Class

10 in Motocross 450 Class

References

http://www.nextlevelsportsinc.com/next/?page_id=37

http://www.racerxonline.com/rider/ryan-dungey.aspx

http://www.ryandungey.com/bio

Category:1989 births Category:Living people Category:American motorcycle racers Category:Motocross riders Category:AMA National Motocross Champions

fi:Ryan Dungey

Jeff Winter (born 18 April 1955) is a former FA Premier League referee from Middlesbrough in the north-east of England.

Refereeing career

Winter took charge of the 2004 FA Cup Final between Manchester United and Millwall, his final game as a professional referee before retirement. Winter also appeared as an official on the BBC TV programme ''Superstars''.

Since 2006, he has officiated in the annual series of national six-a-side tournaments called Masters Football, referees for which are FA endorsed. This competition features ex-professional footballers chosen by the PFA, and is televised on Sky Sports.

Media work

He worked for TFM Radio on Teesside until June 2008 and currently writes many columns for local and national media, all of which can be found on his official site.

Possibly as a result of Winter's apparent sense of self-importance, Sky TV's ''Soccer AM'' regularly lampoon him by having a member of the TV production team dressed in a referee uniform commenting on referee decisions.

Jeff regularly appears on the Talksport show, Andy Goldstein's Sports Bar as part of "The Referee's a Winter" item. During this segment of the show, Jeff is asked to make refereeing decisions on a wide range of unlikely situations that may occur on the football pitch which have been sent in by listeners.

Personal life

Winter is a supporter of Scottish football team Rangers. He recently incurred the wrath of Celtic supporters for an article on his personal website, in which he denounced Aiden McGeady as a "cheating bastard" and called Celtic Park the "Glitterdome" .

His first team however, is Middlesbrough FC. It is rumoured he was due to officiate in the 2004 Carling Cup final only to be ruled out due to Middlesbrough appearing in the final against Bolton Wanderers so was instead there as a fan.

Writing

Winter brought out his autobiography in 2006, entitled ''Who's The B*****d In The Black?''.

References

Print

Category:English football referees Category:People from Middlesbrough Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:FA Cup Final referees