Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of 1000) in a population of 100,000 would mean 950 deaths per year in that entire population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from morbidity rate, which refers to the number of individuals in poor health during a given time period (the prevalence rate) or the number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time (incidence rate). The term "mortality" is also sometimes inappropriately used to refer to the number of deaths among a set of diagnosed hospital cases for a disease or injury, rather than for the general population of a country or ethnic group. This disease mortality statistic is more precisely referred to as "case fatality".

One distinguishes: # The crude death rate, the total number of deaths per year per 1000 people. the crude death rate for the whole world is about 8.37 per 1000 per year according to the current CIA World Factbook. # The perinatal mortality rate, the sum of neonatal deaths and fetal deaths (stillbirths) per 1000 births. # The maternal mortality ratio, the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in same time period. # The maternal mortality rate, the number of maternal deaths per 1,000 women of reproductive age in the population (generally defined as 15-44 years of age) . # The infant mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1000 live births. # The child mortality rate, the number of deaths of children less than 5 years old per 1000 live births. # The standardised mortality ratio (SMR)- This represents a proportional comparison to the numbers of deaths that would have been expected if the population had been of a standard composition in terms of age, gender, etc. # The age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) - This refers to the total number of deaths per year per 1000 people of a given age (e.g. age 62 last birthday).

In regard to the success or failure of medical treatment or procedures, one would also distinguish:

# The early mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the early stages of an ongoing treatment, or in the period immediately following an acute treatment. # The late mortality rate, the total number of deaths in the late stages of an ongoing treatment, or a significant length of time after an acute treatment.

Note that the crude death rate as defined above and applied to a whole population can give a misleading impression. The crude death rate depends on the age (and gender) specific mortality rates and the age (and gender) distribution of the population. The number of deaths per 1000 people can be higher for developed nations than in less-developed countries, despite life expectancy being higher in developed countries due to standards of health being better. This happens because developed countries typically have a completely different population age distribution, with a much higher proportion of older people, due to both lower recent birth rates and lower mortality rates. A more complete picture of mortality is given by a life table which shows the mortality rate separately for each age. A life table is necessary to give a good estimate of life expectancy.

Statistics

|- !Years!!CDR!!Years!!CDR |- |1950–1955||align=center|19.5||2000–2005||align=center|8.6 |- ||1955–1960||align=center|17.3||2005–2010||align=center|8.5 |- ||1960–1965||align=center|15.5||2010–2015||align=center|8.3 |- ||1965–1970||align=center|13.2||2015–2020||align=center|8.3 |- ||1970–1975||align=center|11.4||2020–2025||align=center|8.3 |- ||1975–1980||align=center|10.7||2025–2030||align=center|8.5 |- ||1980–1985||align=center|10.3||2030–2035||align=center|8.8 |- ||1985–1990||align=center|9.7||2035–2040||align=center|9.2 |- ||1990–1995||align=center|9.4||2040–2045||align=center|9.6 |- ||1995–2000||align=center|8.9||2045–2050||align=center|10 |}

During ancient times and the Middle Ages, the crude death rate was about 40 deaths per year per 1,000 people.

The ten countries with the highest crude death rate, according to the 2009 CIA World Factbook estimates, are:

Rank !! Country !! Death rate (annual deaths/1000 persons)
1		30.83
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

See list of countries by death rate for worldwide statistics.

According to the World Health Organization, the 10 leading causes of death in 2002 were:

# 12.6% Ischaemic heart disease # 9.7% Cerebrovascular disease # 6.8% Lower respiratory infections # 4.9% HIV/AIDS # 4.8% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease # 3.2% Diarrhoeal diseases # 2.7% Tuberculosis # 2.2% Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers # 2.2% Malaria # 2.1% Road traffic accidents

Causes of death vary greatly between first and third world countries. See list of causes of death by rate for worldwide statistics.

According to Jean Ziegler (the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients".

Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes. In industrialized nations, the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.

See also

Biodemography

Birth rate

Case fatality

Compensation law of mortality

Demography

Egalitarian mortality

Gompertz-Makeham law of mortality

Life expectancy

List of causes of death by rate

List of countries by death rate

Maximum life span

Micromort

Morbidity

Mortality

Mortality displacement

Notes

References

Crude death rate (per 1,000 population) based on ''World Population Prospects The 2008 Revision'', United Nations. Retrieved 22 June 2010

Rank Order - Death rate in ''CIA World Factbook''

Mortality in ''The Medical Dictionary'', Medterms. Retrieved 22 June 2010

"WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Reports, 1999 - 2007", US Centers for Disease Control Retrieved 22 June 2010

Edmond Halley, ''An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind'' (1693)

External links

DeathRiskRankings: Calculates risk of dying in the next year using MicroMorts and displays risk rankings for up to 66 causes of death

Data regarding death rates by age and cause in the United States (from Data360)

Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT): Mortality data from conflict-affected populations

Human Mortality Database: Historic mortality data from developed nations

Google - public data: Mortality in the U.S.

Category:Population Category:Demography Category:Epidemiology Category:Death Category:Actuarial science Category:Population ecology Category:Medical statistics

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name	John Pilger
birth date	9 October 1939
birth place	Sydney, Australia
residence	United Kingdom
nationality	Australian
occupation	Journalist, writer, documentary filmmaker
website	johnpilger.com
footnotes	}}

John Richard Pilger (born 9 October 1939) is an Australian journalist and documentary maker, based in London.

Since his early years as a war correspondent in Vietnam, Pilger has been a strong critic of United States, and British, foreign policy which he considers is driven by an imperialist agenda. Pilger has also criticised his native country's treatment of Indigenous Australians and the practices of the mainstream media. In the UK print media, he has had a long association with the ''Daily Mirror'', and writes a fortnightly columnn for the ''New Statesman'' magazine.

Pilger has twice won Britain's Journalist of the Year Award, and his documentaries, screened internationally, have gained awards in Britain and worldwide, and the journalist has received several honorary doctorates. One of Pilger's many critics though, the writer William Shawcross, considers him "one of the worst journalists writing in the English language".

Early life and career

Pilger was born and raised in Bondi, a suburb of Sydney. He attended Sydney Boys High School, where he started a student newspaper, ''The Messenger'', and later joined a four-year journalist trainee scheme with the Australian Consolidated Press. Beginning his career in 1958 as a copy boy with the ''Sydney Sun'', he later moved to the city's ''Daily Telegraph'' where he was a reporter, sports writer and sub-editor. He also freelanced and worked for the Sydney ''Sunday Telegraph'', the daily paper's sister title. After moving to Europe, he was for a year a freelance correspondent in Italy.

Settling in the UK in 1962, working as a sub-editor, Pilger joined British United Press and then Reuters in London on their middle-east desk, and was recruited by the English ''Daily Mirror'' in 1963, again as a sub-editor at first. Later, he was a reporter, a feature writer and Chief Foreign Correspondent for the title. On 5 June 1968 he witnessed the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Pilger has commented that "there's no question that there was another gunman". During the next twenty years, Pilger became the ''Daily Mirror'''s star reporter, particularly on social issues. He was a war correspondent in Vietnam, Cambodia, Egypt, India, Bangladesh and Biafra. Nearly eighteen months after Robert Maxwell bought the ''Mirror'' (on 12 July 1984), Pilger was sacked by Richard Stott, the newspaper's editor, on 31 December 1985.

Early television work

His career on television began on ''World in Action'' (Granada Television) in 1969, for whom he made two documentaries broadcast in 1970 and 1971, the earliest of more than fifty involving Pilger. ''The Quiet Mutiny'' in 1970 was the first of these. Filmed at Camp Snuffy, the film presented a character study of the common US soldier during the Vietnam War, revealing the shifting morale and open rebellion of Western troops. Pilger described the film as "something of a scoop" - it was the first documentary to show the open rebellion within the drafted ranks of the US military that led to the withdrawal of the land army in 1973. "When I flew to New York and showed it to Mike Wallace, the star reporter of CBS' ''60 Minutes'', he agreed. "Real shame we can't show it here"", Pilger said in an interview with the ''New Statesman''. Later films about Vietnam followed ''The Quiet Mutiny'', ''Vietnam: Still America's War'' (1974), ''Do You Remember Vietnam?'' (1978) and ''Vietnam: The Last Battle'' (1995).

Following a brief unhappy period on the BBC's ''Midweek'' television series during 1972-73, five reports were completed, but only two were broadcast, the journalist was given a regular television outlet at ATV. The ''Pilger'' half-hour documentary series was commissioned by Charles Denton, then a producer with ATV, for screening on the British ITV network. The series ran for five series from 1974 until 1977, at first runnng in the UK on Sunday afternoons after ''Weekend World''; later it was scheduled in a weekday peak-time evening slot. The last series included "A Faraway Country" (broadcast in September 1977) about dissidents in Czechoslavakia, then part of the Communist Soviet bloc. Pilger and his team interviewed members of Charter 77, and others, secretly using domestic film equipment. In the documentary Pilger praises the courage and commitment to freedom of Charter 77 and describes the communist totalitarianism as "fascism disguised as socialism".

Pilger's programmes were then extended to fill an hour, placed in the 9pm slot before ''News at Ten'', and gained the journalist a high profile in Britain. After ATV lost its franchise in 1981, he has continued to make documentaries for screening on ITV, initially for Central, and later via Carlton Television.

Documentaries and career: 1978-2000

Cambodia

In 1979, Pilger and two colleagues with whom he collaborated for many years, documentary film-maker David Munro and photographer Eric Piper, entered Cambodia in the wake of the overthrow of the Pol Pot regime. The result was a series of world exclusives, the first of which occupied almost an entire ''Daily Mirror'', which sold out. This was followed by an ITV documentary, ''Year Zero: the Silent Death of Cambodia'', which brought to people's living rooms the suffering of the Khmer people. Some $45 million was raised, unsolicited, in mostly small donations following the showing of ''Year Zero'', including almost £4 million raised by schoolchildren in the UK. This funded the first substantial relief to Cambodia, including life saving drugs like penicillin and the manufacture of clothes to replace the black uniforms people had been forced to wear. According to Brian Walker, director of Oxfam, "a solidarity and compassion surged across our nation" from the broadcast of ''Year Zero''. Pilger and Munro made four later films about Cambodia. During the filming of ''Cambodia Year One'', they were warned that Pilger was on a Khmer Rouge 'death list' and, in one incident, they narrowly escaped an ambush. The British Film Institute (BFI) has described ''Year Zero'' as one of the ten most influential documentary films of the 20th century.

Pilger himself described the British reaction to ''Year Zero'' in 2006:

The documentary as a television "event" can send ripples far and wide... ''Year Zero'' not only revealed the horror of the Pol Pot years, it showed how Richard Nixon's and Henry Kissinger's 'secret' bombing of that country had provided a critical catalyst for the rise of the Khmer Rouge. It also exposed how the west, led by the United States and Britain, was imposing an embargo, like a medieval siege, on the most stricken country on earth. This was a reaction to the fact that Cambodia's liberator was Vietnam - a country that had come from the wrong side of the Cold War and that had recently defeated the US. Cambodia's suffering was a wilful revenge. Britain and the US even backed Pol Pot's demand that his man continue to occupy Cambodia's seat at the UN, while Margaret Thatcher stopped children's milk going to the survivors of his nightmare regime. Little of this was reported. Had ''Year Zero'' simply described the monster that Pol Pot was, it would have been quickly forgotten. By reporting the collusion of "our" governments, it told a wider truth about how the world was run... Within two days of ''Year Zero'' going to air, 40 sacks of post arrived at ATV ... in Birmingham - 26,000 first-class letters in the first post alone. The station quickly amassed £1m, almost all of it in small amounts. "This is for Cambodia," wrote a Bristol bus driver, enclosing his week's wage. Entire pensions were sent, along with entire savings. Petitions arrived at Downing Street, one after the other, for weeks. MPs received hundreds of thousands of letters, demanding that British policy change (which it did, eventually). And none of it was asked for. For me, the public response to ''Year Zero'' gave the lie to clichés about "compassion fatigue", an excuse that some broadcasters and television executives use to justify the current descent into the cynicism and passivity of Big Brotherland. Above all, I learned that a documentary could reclaim shared historical and political memories, and present their hidden truths. The reward then was a compassionate and an informed public; and it still is."

In a 2007 speech, "Freedom Next Time: Resisting the Empire", Pilger described his experience with executives of the American Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) who refused to screen ''Year Zero'', which, according to Pilger, has never been broadcast in the USA.

A claim in one of those later Pilger documentaries, ''Cambodia - The Betrayal'' (1990), led to a libel case. ''The Times'' of 6 July 1991 reported:

Two men who claimed that a television documentary accused them of being SAS members who trained Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge to lay mines, accepted "very substantial" libel damages in the High Court yesterday. Christopher Geidt and Anthony De Normann settled their action against the journalist John Pilger and Central Television on the third day of the hearing. Desmond Browne, QC, for Mr Pilger and Central Television, said his clients had not intended to allege the two men trained the Khmer Rouge to lay mines, but they accepted that was how the program had been understood.

Australia's indigenous population

Pilger has long been a critic of Australian government policy, particularly of what he regards as its inherent racism and the poor treatment of its indigenous population. He has made several documentaroes on this subject, such as ''The Secret Country-The First Australians Fight Back'' (1985), and has wriiten the book ''A Secret Country'' published in 1989.

Pilger wrote in 2000 that the 1998 legislation that removed the common law rights of Indigenous Australians "is just one of the disgraces that has given Australia the distinction of being the only developed country whose government has been condemned as racist by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination."

East Timor

In 1993 Pilger slipped into East Timor and shot ''Death of a Nation: The Timor Conspiracy''. The revelations of this film alerted the British public to the horror of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, which began in 1975. ''Death of a Nation'' prompted an international outcry which ultimately led to Indonesian withdrawal from East Timor and eventual independence in 2000. When ''Death of a Nation'' was screened in Britain it was the highest rating documentary in 15 years and 5,000 telephone calls per minute were made to the programme's action line. When ''Death of a Nation'' was screened in Australia in June 1994, Foreign Minister Gareth Evans declared that Pilger "had a track record of distorted sensationalism mixed with sanctimony."

Documentaries and career since 2000

Later newspaper career

In 1987 Pilger was a founder of ''News on Sunday'' in London, and titular Editor-in-Chief, but resigned before publication. Pilger has a fortnightly column in ''New Statesman'', his most frequent outlet, which began in 1991 while Steve Platt was editor of the magazine. Reportedly, Pilger has described his role at the ''Statesman'' as a "fig leaf". In 2001, while Piers Morgan was editor of the ''Mirror'', he returned to his old paper in 2001, after the 9/11 attacks.

''Palestine Is Still the Issue''

Following broadcast on ITV in the UK, Pilger's documentary ''Palestine Is Still the Issue'' (2002) was alleged by the UK press to be inaccurate and biased. The UK television regulator, the Independent Television Commission (ITC), ordered an investigation. Based on the results of the investigation, the ITC rejected the complaints made about the film, stating:

The ITC raised with Carlton all the significant areas of inaccuracy critics of the programme alleged and the broadcaster answered them by reference to a range of historical texts. The ITC is not a tribunal of fact and is particularly aware of the difficulties of verifying 'historical fact' but the comprehensiveness and authority of Carlton's sources were persuasive, not least because many appeared to be of Israeli origin.

Pilger's documentary, the ITC added, "was not in breach of the ITC Programme Code... Adequate opportunity was given to a pro-Israeli government perspective."

In 2010, Pilger endorsed the Canadian Boat to Gaza , part of the Freedom Flotilla 2 which aims to end the Israeli blockade imposed on the Gaza Strip.

Diego Garcia

Pilger's 2004 film ''Stealing a Nation'' told the story of the people of the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean. In the 1960s and 70s, British governments expelled the entire population of the Chagos Archipelago, dumping them in the slums of Mauritius. The aim was to give the principal island of this Crown Colony, Diego Garcia, to the Americans who wanted it as a major military base, from where US planes have since bombed Afghanistan and Iraq. The International Criminal Court later described this act as "a crime against humanity". Pilger strongly criticised Tony Blair for not making any real response to the 2000 High Court ruling that the British expulsion of the island's natives to Mauritius in order to make way for a United States Air Force base had been illegal.

In March 2005, ''Stealing a Nation'' was awarded Britain's most prestigious documentary prize, the Royal Television Society Award.

In May 2006, the UK High Court ruled in favour of the Chagossians in their battle to prove they were illegally removed by the UK government during the depopulation of Diego Garcia, paving the way for a return to their homeland. The leader of the Chagos Refugee Group, Olivier Bancoult, described it as a "special day, a day to remember". In May 2007, the UK Government's appeal against the 2006 High Court ruling was dismissed and they took the matter to the House of Lords. In October 2008, the House of Lords ruled in favour of the Government, overturning the original High Court ruling.

Latin America

His 2007 film ''The War on Democracy'' was Pilger's first cinema release and was named Best Documentary at the 2008 One World Media Awards. The film explores the historic and current relationship of Washington with Latin American countries such as Venezuela, Bolivia and Chile. Using, among other sources, archive footage sourced by Michael Moore's archivist Carl Deal, the film explores the role of US intervention, overt and covert, in toppling a series of governments in the region since the 1950s. This includes, for example, discussing reports of US involvement in the overthrow of the democratically elected Chilean government of Salvador Allende in 1973 and its replacement by the military dictatorship of General Pinochet. Pilger interviews several ex-CIA agents who purportedly took part in secret campaigns against democratic countries. He investigates the School of the Americas in the US state of Georgia, where Pinochet’s torture squads were reportedly trained along with tyrants and death squad leaders in Haiti, El Salvador, Brazil and Argentina.

The film also explores the attempted overthrow of Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez in 2002 and how the people of Caracas rose up to force his return to power. It looks at the wider rise of populist governments across South America led by figures calling for loosening ties with Washington and a fairer redistribution of the continent's natural wealth. "[The film]" says Pilger, "is about the struggle of people to free themselves from a modern form of slavery". These people, he says, "describe a world not as American presidents like to see it as useful or expendable, they describe the power of courage and humanity among people with next to nothing. They reclaim noble words like democracy, freedom, liberation, justice, and in doing so they are defending the most basic human rights of all of us in a war being waged against all of us".

In May 2007, Pilger co-signed and put forward a letter supporting the refusal of the government of Venezuela under Hugo Chavez to renew the broadcasting licence of Venezuela's largest television network Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV), as they openly supported a 2002 coup attempt against the democratically elected government. Pilger and other signatories suggest that if the BBC or ITV used their news broadcasts to publicly support a coup against the British government, they would suffer similar consequences. Human rights groups including Human Rights Watch, Reporters Without Borders and the Committee to Protect Journalists have described the RCTV decision as an effort to stifle freedom of expression.

Western leaders

In addition to criticizing the policies of former United States President George W. Bush, Pilger has also taken aim at former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, whom he believes to be just as culpable as President Bush for the invasion and occupation of Iraq.

On 25 July 2005, Pilger ascribed blame for the 2005 London bombings that took place the same month to Blair, whose decision to follow Bush helped to generate the rage that he maintains precipitated those bombings.

In the same column a year later, Pilger described Blair as a war criminal for supporting Israel's actions during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. He also asserted that Blair gave permission to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in 2001 to initiate what would ultimately become Operation Defensive Shield.

Pilger has also criticised United States President Barack Obama, describing him as "a glossy Uncle Tom who would bomb Pakistan." and whose theme "was the renewal of America as a dominant, avaricious bully." Pilger asserts, "In his first 100 days, Obama has excused torture, opposed ''habeas corpus'' and demanded more secret government."

Other issues

Critic of mainstream media

He is a strong critic of the institutions and economic forces that structure 'mainstream' journalism. In an address at Columbia University on 14 April 2006, he said:

During the Cold War, a group of Russian journalists toured the United States. On the final day of their visit, they were asked by their hosts for their impressions. 'I have to tell you,' said their spokesman, 'that we were astonished to find after reading all the newspapers and watching TV, that all the opinions on all the vital issues were by and large, the same. To get that result in our country, we imprison people, we tear out their fingernails. Here, you don't have that. What's the secret? How do you do it?'

Pilger said, while speaking to journalism students at the University of Lincoln, that mainstream journalism means corporate journalism, and as such represents vested corporate interests over those of the public.

He is particularly scornful of pro-Iraq war commentators on the liberal left, or 'liberal interventionists', such as Nick Cohen and David Aaronovitch.

In 2003 he was interviewed by the New Zealand journalist Kim Hill on her television show ''Face to Face With Kim Hill''. The interview became infamous in New Zealand. Pilger, being interviewed via a live-cross, complained that Hill had not researched him before the interview, saying "You waste my time because you have not prepared for this interview, as any journalist does, and I've done many interviews. The one thing is to prepare for them and this interview, frankly, is a disgrace." Hill, who had commenced the interview by proposing that the Iraq war was "a just war", eventually threw Pilger's book at his image on the screen.

Honours and awards

Pilger has received human rights and journalism awards, including the Richard Dimbleby Award for factual reporting at the 1990 BAFTA Awards, as well as many honorary doctorates. The jury’s citation reads as follows: "For work as an author, film-maker and journalist as well as for courage as a foreign and war correspondent in enabling the voices of the powerless to be heard. For commitment to peace with justice by exposing and holding governments to account for human rights abuses and for fearless challenges to censorship in any form."

''Other awards include:'' One World Media Awards - TV Documentary Award for his ITV1 film ''The War on Democracy'', on the role of Washington in Latin American politics. (2008) The Grierson Trust Award, UK (2011)

Praise and criticism

Praise

In ''Breaking the Silence: The Television Reporting of John Pilger'', his appraisal of the journalist's documentaries, Anthony Hayward wrote, "For more than a generation, he has been an ever stronger voice for those without a voice and a thorn in the side of authority, the Establishment. His work, particularly his television documentaries, has also made him rare in being a journalist who is universally known, a champion of those for whom he fights and the scourge of politicians and others whose actions he exposes." Noam Chomsky said of Pilger: "John Pilger's work has been a beacon of light in often dark times. The realities he has brought to light have been a revelation, over and over again, and his courage and insight a constant inspiration." According to Harold Pinter, Nobel Laureate and member of the Stop the War Coalition, "John Pilger is fearless. He unearths, with steely attention to facts, the filthy truth, and tells it as it is... I salute him." Martha Gellhorn, the American novelist, journalist and war correspondent, said that "[John Pilger] has taken on the great theme of justice and injustice... He documents and proclaims the official lies that we are told and that most people accept or don't bother to think about. [He] belongs to an old and unending worldwide company, the men and women of conscience. Some are as famous as Tom Paine and William Wilberforce, some as unknown as a tiny group calling itself Grandmothers Against The Bomb.... If they win, it is slowly; but they never entirely lose. To my mind, they are the blessed proof of the dignity of man. John has an assured place among them. I'd say he is a charter member for his generation." John Simpson, the BBC's world affairs editor, has said, "A country that does not have a John Pilger in its journalism is a very feeble place indeed."

Criticism

The English writer Auberon Waugh, writing in ''The Spectator'' in the 1970s in response to an article Pilger had written alleging Thai complicity in child trafficking (whose research was challenged), coined the verb "to pilger", defined as: ''to present information in a sensationalist manner to reach a foregone conclusion''. The word was included in the Oxford Dictionary of New Words in 1991, but removed from the subsequent edition after Pilger complained and, according to some sources, threatened legal action. Noam Chomsky responded to Waugh's neologism by stating that "pilgerize" was "invented by journalists furious about his incisive and courageous reporting, and knowing that the only response they are capable of is ridicule." The Anglo-American writer Christopher Hitchens said of Pilger: "I remember thinking that his work from Vietnam was very good at the time. I dare say if I went back and read it again I’d probably still admire quite a lot of it. But there is a word that gets overused and can be misused – namely, anti-American – and it has to be used about him. So that for me sort of spoils it... even when I’m inclined to agree." Gerard Henderson, a Conservative Australian newspaper columnist, has accused him of "engaging in hyperbole against western democracies." ''The Economist'' Lexington columnist commented on Pilger's account of the Arab uprising:

Next up is the egregious John Pilger, who thinks the Arab revolts show that the West in general and the United States in particular are "fascist":

The revolt in the Arab world is against not merely a resident dictator, but a worldwide economic tyranny, designed by the US Treasury and imposed by the US Agency for International Development, the IMF and the World Bank, which have ensured that rich countries such as Egypt are reduced to vast sweatshops, with 40 per cent of the population earning less than $2 a day. The people's triumph in Cairo was the first blow against what Benito Mussolini called corporatism, a word that appears in his definition of fascism.

... Maybe he hasn't noticed, but what most of the Arab protesters say they want are the very freedoms that they know full well, even if Pilger doesn't, to be available in the West. No doubt he believes they are labouring under some massive mind-control delusion engineered by the CIA.

Bibliography

Books

''The Last Day'' (1975)

''Aftermath: The Struggles of Cambodia and Vietnam'' (1981)

''The Outsiders'' (with Michael Coren, 1984)

''Heroes'' (1986)

''A Secret Country'' (1989)

''Distant Voices'' (1992 and 1994)

''Hidden Agendas'' (1998)

''Reporting the World: John Pilger's Great Eyewitness Photographers'' (2001)

''The New Rulers of the World'' (2002)

''Tell Me No Lies: Investigative Journalism and its Triumphs'' (ed.) Cape (2004)

''Freedom Next Time'' (2006)

Plays

''The Last Day'' (1983)

Selected documentaries

''World in Action''

* "The Quiet Mutiny" (1970)

''Pilger''

* "An Unfashionable Tragedy" (1975)

* "Nobody's Children" (1975)

* "Zap-The Weapon is Food" (1976)

* "Pyramid Lake is Dying'' (1976)

* "Street of Joy" (1976)

* "A Faraway Country" (1977)

''Do You Remember Vietnam'' (1978)

''Year Zero: The Silent Death of Cambodia'' (1979)

''The Mexicans'' (1980)

''Heroes'' (1980)

''In Search Of Truth In Wartime'' (1982)

''Nicaragua. A Nations Right to Survive'' (1983)

''The Outsiders'' (series, 1983)

''The Truth Game'' (1983)

''Burp! Pepsi V Coke in the Ice Cold War'' (1984)

''The Secret Country-The First Australians Fight Back'' (1985)

''Japan Behind the Mask'' (1987)

''The Last Dream'' (1988)

* "Heroes unsung"

* "Secrets"

* "Other People′s Wars"

''Cambodia: The Betrayal'' (1990)

''War By Other Means'' (1992)

''Cambodia: Return to Year Zero'' (1993)

''Death of a Nation: The Timor Conspiracy'' (1994)

''Flying the Flag, Arming the World'' (1994)

''Vietnam: the Last Battle'' (1995)

''Inside Burma: Land of Fear'' (1996)

''Breaking the Mirror - The Murdoch Effect'' (1997)

''Apartheid Did Not Die'' (1998)

''Welcome to Australia'' (1999)

''Paying the Price: Killing the Children of Iraq'' (2000)

''The New Rulers of the World'' (2001)

''Palestine Is Still the Issue'' (2002)

''Breaking the Silence: Truth and Lies in the War on Terror'' (2003)

''Stealing a Nation'' (2004)

''The War on Democracy'' (2007)

''The War You Don't See'' (2010)

References

See also

Media Lens

External links

John Pilger - official website

John Pilger Videos - documentaries online, official website

John Pilger at IMDb

''Freedom Next Time: Filmmaker & Journalist John Pilger on Propaganda, the Press, Censorship and Resisting the American Empire'', Democracy Now!, 7 August 2007. Listen and Watch.

John Pilger at Random House Australia

John Pilger: There Is a War on Journalism - video interview by ''Democracy Now!''

John Pilger: Global Support for WikiLeaks is "Rebellion" Against U.S. Militarism - video report by ''Democracy Now!''

''Desert Island Discs'' - John Pilger, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 1990 - Download page

Category:1939 births Category:Australian documentary filmmakers Category:Australian expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:Australian freelance journalists Category:Australian investigative journalists Category:Australian war correspondents Category:Living people Category:People from Sydney Category:People educated at Sydney Boys High School

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name	Ben Fogle
birth name	Benjamin Myer Fogle
birth date	November 03, 1973
birth place	London
title	Lord of Sealand
occupation	Television presenter
parents	Julia FosterBruce Fogle
spouse	Marina Fogle
children	Ludo Fogle, Iona Fogle
website	http://www.benfogle.com/ }}

Ben Fogle (born 3 November 1973) is an English television presenter, adventurer and writer.

Early Life

Fogle is the son of British actress Julia Foster and Bruce Fogle. He was educated at two independent schools: The Hall School in Hampstead in London, and Bryanston School in Blandford Forum, Dorset, followed by the University of Portsmouth and the University of Costa Rica. Fogle became a Midshipman in the Royal Naval Reserve, serving as an officer on .

Career

''Castaway''

Fogle first came to public notice by participating in the BBC reality show ''Castaway 2000'', which followed a group of thirty-six people marooned on the Scottish island of Taransay for a year starting 1 January 2000. The social experiment aimed to create a fully self-sufficient community within a year.

Presenting

Fogle has since become a regular television presenter for the BBC, hosting ''Crufts'', ''One Man and His Dog'', ''Countryfile'', ''Country Tracks'', ''Extreme Dreams With Ben Fogle'', ''Animal Park'', ''Wild on the West Coast'', ''Wild in Africa'', and "Ben Fogle's Escape in Time". He made a film about the facial deforming disease Noma for a BBC 2 documentary "Make Me A New Face" which followed the work of the charity Facing Africa and Great Ormond Street Hospital. He has made films about naval History and the Royal National Lifeboat Institute (RNLI) for the History Channel and followed Princes William and Harry on their first joint Royal Tour in Botswana and made an exclusive documentary called ''Prince William's Africa''. He marked the centenary of Captain Scott's expedition to the South Pole with ''The Secrets of Scott's Hut''. He is popular on the motivational and corporate speaking circuit. His new series ''Swimming with Crocodiles'' will be on BBC2 and ''Storm City'' in 3D in Sky One and National Geographic. Fogle has recently become a special correspondent for NBC News in the United States.

''Countryfile''

Fogle appeared on the rural affairs programme alongside John Craven from 2001 until 2008, during which time he reported on a number of the UK's rural pastimes, including coracle racing, the worm charming championships, the lawn mower racing championship, world stinging nettle eating competition in Dorset, oyster eating championships in Northern Ireland, World Conker Championships in Northamptonshire, the alternative Scottish games, world tin bath racing on the Isle of Man, bog snorkelling and the Man versus Horse race in Wales, the Tough Guy Competition, cheese rolling in Gloucestershire, morris dancing, Tar Barrels in Devon, Up Helly Aa in Shetland, the Furry Dance in Cornwall and the British Open Crabbing Championships in Walberswick, Suffolk, and the World Coal Carrying Championships in Gawthorpe, West Yorkshire.

''Extreme Dreams''

He presented the BBC 2 series made by Ricochet in 2006 and 2007 in which he selected five members of the public to go on expeditions of a lifetime. Destinations included expeditions to the Kaiteur Falls in Guyana, Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Mount Baker in Uganda, Mount Roraima in Venezuela, the Black Cat trail in Papua New Guinea, the Inca ruins in Peru, the Sahara Desert of Libya, Across the Arctic tundra of Svalbard in the Arctic Circle and most recently a journey across the Andes of South America from the Equator in Ecuador to the tropic of Capricorn in Chile. The series is currently showing in South Africa, Australia, Norway, Sweden, New Zealand and the United States.

Sport

Fogle was the first to cross the line in the pairs division of the 2005–2006 Atlantic Rowing Race in "Spirit of EDF Energy", partnered by Olympic rower James Cracknell. While competing in the 3000 mile race, the pair had their boat fully capsized by huge waves. They made landfall in Antigua at 07:13 GMT on 19 January 2006, a crossing time of 49 days, 19 hours, 8 minutes. After penalties, they were placed second in the pairs and fourth overall. The BBC series that followed the pair, ''Through Hell and High Water'', won a RTS award in 2007.

Fogle has also completed the six-day Marathon des Sables for the World Wide Fund for Nature across of the Sahara Desert and the Safaricom Marathon in Kenya for the TUSK Trust, with Longleat Safari Park keeper Ryan Hockley. Fogle has completed the Bupa great North Run in 1 hour 33 minutes, the London Marathon and the Royal Parks Half marathon. He beat ''Eastenders'' actor Sid Owen in a three-round charity boxing match for ''BBC Sport Relief'' under the training of Frank Bruno, and he recently re-ran the Safaricom marathon in Kenya with the injured Battleback Soldiers.

In October 2009, Ben and James Cracknell cycled a rickshaw 423 miles from Edinburgh to London non stop. They took 60 hours to reach the capital, raising money for SSAFA (Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association). The event was filmed for ITV's Pride of Britain Awards.

Fogle and Cracknell will be embarking on the infamous Tour Divide race in the Autumn, a 3000-mile mountain-bike race across the Rocky mountains, from Banff in Canada to the border of Mexico. The world record is held by American Matthew Lee and stands at 17 days. The race was put on hold after Cracknell received life threatening-injuries after being knocked from his bicycle while training.

Ben is currently filming a new series A Year of Adventures with lonely Planet and BBC Worldwide in which Ben travels the world in the pursuit of the ultimate adventure, from solo skydiving in Australia to flying in a cold war fighter jet in the Czech Republic. During the series he swam from Alcatraz to San Francisco and dived between the tectonic plates of North America and Europe in Iceland

South Pole

Fogle teamed up with James Cracknell once again, together with Ed Coats, a Bristol-based doctor, as Team QinetiQ to take part in the inaugural South Pole Race. The team took 18 days, 5 hours and 10 minutes to complete the race, coming second overall, over 20 hours behind the Norwegian Team, who commended them on making it "a fantastic race". Ben suffered hypothermia and frostbite to his nose and the team experienced temperatures as low as .

The race was filmed by the BBC for the series ''On Thin Ice'' and was aired in Summer 2009. Macmillan published an account of their journey, Race to The Pole, which became a top-10 bestseller in the UK.

Writing

Fogle has written five books; ''The Teatime Islands'' in search of the remaining islands in the British Empire in which he travels to Saint Helena, Ascension Island, the Falkland Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territories and Tristan da Cunha. He also tried to visit Pitcairn Island, but when the inhabitants learned that he was a journalist they refused to let him land. Fogle claims that they suspected that he was in fact a spy, and after some hours of interrogation he was refused permission to visit and deported. He was also accused of attempting to smuggle a breadfruit on to the island. The book was short-listed for the W H Smith's people's award for Best Travel Book.

He has also written ''Offshore'' published by Penguin in 2006 in which he travelled around Britain in search of an island of his own. He visited the Kingdom of Sealand and attempted to invade Rockall in the North Atlantic. In 2006 he published the hit ''Crossing'', published by Atlantic books and co-written with Cracknell followed their Transatlantic rowing bid. In 2009, The Race to the Pole was published by Macmillan and spent ten weeks in the bestseller list.

Fogle writes a weekly Country Diary for the Sunday Telegraph and is a regular columnist for ''The Daily Telegraph'' and travel writer for ''The Independent'' and has contributed to the ''Evening Standard'', ''New York Times'', ''The Sunday Times'' and ''Glamour'' magazine. He has interviewed Gordon Brown and Prince William for the Mail on Sunday's LIVE magazine. He is guest director of Cheltenham Literary Festival and a regular at Hay-on-Wye.

Transworld published his first travel memoir ''The Accidental Adventurer'' in 2011 and his second will be published in 2012

Personal life

In 2006 he married Marina Hunt, whom he met while walking his black Labrador Retriever, Inca. On 10 December 2009 Ben and Marina's first child, Ludo Fogle was born, weighing . Ben announced the birth of their second child on twitter, a baby girl named Iona Fogle, born on 26 May 2011 weighing in at .

While filming the latest series of ''Extreme Dreams'' in Peru, Fogle caught leishmaniasis, which left him bedridden for three weeks on his return home. He was treated at London's Hospital for Tropical Diseases. Fogle went on to make a documentary, 'Make me a New Face", about children suffering from flesh eating bacteria called Noma in Ethiopia. The documentary was broadcast on BBC2.

Fogle is the President of the Campaign for National Parks, in which role he backs the Youth Hostels Association and National Parks ''Mosaic'' campaign to open up England's national parks to ethnic minorities. Fogle is also: an ambassador for the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Tusk; a supporter of the Duke of Edinburgh award scheme, and Hearing Dogs for Deaf People; and a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He is also a patron for the British Hedgehog Preservation Society, the Prince's Trust, the Royal Parks Foundation and ShelterBox. He is a patron, alongside the historian Philippa Gregory, of the UK Chagos Supporters Association fighting for the islanders' rights to return to the British Indian Ocean Territories

Fogle was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters by the University of Portsmouth in 2007. On the 13 August 2010 on the TV programme "Would I Lie To You?", Fogle admitted (and showed) that he had a tattoo of a nautical star on his right shoulder which he claimed to have acquired at the end of a drunken evening in a pub with the previously unknown tattooist. Fogle and his wife were invited to the Royal Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton. His waxwork was recently unveiled at Madame Tussauds. He has had an acting cameo on ''Hotel Babylon''.

Television presenting credits

''Countryfile'' (2001–2009)

''Animal Park'' (2002–2009)

''Big Screen Britain'' (2003)

''Death by Pets'' (2003)

''Sport Relief 2004'' (2004)

''The Sand Marathon'' (2004)

''Animal Park: Wild in Africa'' (2005 & 2006)

''Through Hell and High Water'' (2006)

''Crufts'' (2006, 2007 & 2008)

''Cash in the Attic''

''One Man and His Dog''

''Animal Park: Wild on the West Coast'' (2007)

''Extreme Dreams With Ben Fogle'' (2007–2009)

''On Thin Ice'' (2009)

''Ben Fogle's Escape In Time (2009-)

''Country Tracks'' (2009-)

''Make Me A New Face: Hope For Africa's Hidden Children'' (2010)

"Prince William's Africa" (2010)

''The Secrets of Scott's Hut'' (2011)

''The World's Most Dangerous Roads'' (2011)

''Swimming With Crocodiles'' (2012)

''Lonely Planet's Year of Adventures'' (2012)

References

External links

Official website

Room54 Ltd Ben Fogle Biography Ben Fogle Corporate Speaking

Atlantic Rowing Race

Ben Fogle Outdoor Sock Range

Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:English television presenters Category:English explorers Category:People educated at Bryanston School Category:Alumni of the University of Portsmouth

Playername	Piermario Morosini
Height
Birth date	July 05, 1986
Birth place	Bergamo, Italy
Death date	April 14, 2012
Death place	Pescara, Italy
Position	Midfielder
Youthyears1	|youthclubs1 Atalanta
Years1	2005–2007 |clubs1 Udinese |caps1 5 |goals1 0
Years2	2006–2007 |clubs2 → Bologna (loan) |caps2 16 |goals2 0
Years3	2007–2009 |clubs3 Vicenza |caps3 66 |goals3 1
Years4	2009–2012 |clubs4 Udinese |caps4 0 |goals4 0
Years5	2009–2010 |clubs5 → Reggina (loan) |caps5 17 |goals5 0
Years6	2010 |clubs6 → Padova (loan) |caps6 14 |goals6 0
Years7	2011 |clubs7 → Vicenza (loan) |caps7 15 |goals7 0
Years8	2012 |clubs8 → Livorno (loan) |caps8 8 |goals8 0
Totalcaps	141
Totalgoals	1
Nationalyears1	2001–2003 |nationalteam1 Italy U-17 |nationalcaps1 16 |nationalgoals1 1
Nationalyears2	2003–2004 |nationalteam2 Italy U-18 |nationalcaps2 7 |nationalgoals2 0
Nationalyears3	2004–2005 |nationalteam3 Italy U-19 |nationalcaps3 12 |nationalgoals3 0
Nationalyears4	2005–2007 |nationalteam4 Italy U-20 |nationalcaps4 3 |nationalgoals4 0
Nationalyears5	2006–2009 |nationalteam5 Italy U-21 |nationalcaps5 18 |nationalgoals5 0 }}

Piermario Morosini (5 July 1986 – 14 April 2012) was an Italian footballer who last played as a midfielder for Livorno, on loan from Udinese.

On 14 April 2012, during a match between Pescara and Livorno, Morosini suffered a cardiac arrest and died.

Biography

Early life

Piermario Morosini was born on 5 July 1986, in Bergamo, Italy. His mother Camilla died in 2001, when he was fifteen years old. His father, Aldo, died in 2003, followed shortly after by a disabled brother, leaving him alone with a handicapped elder sister.

Shortly after his parents' death, Morosini remarked that "these are the things that change your life, but at the same time make you so angry and help you achieve what was also a dream of my parents."

Senior career

Morosini scored twice during his career from 2001 until 2012, which were for Italy U-17 and for Vicenza.

Club career

Morosini started his career at hometown club Atalanta, and was sold to Udinese in a co-ownership deal during 2005.

On 23 October 2005 he debuts in Serie A in the match Udinese-Inter, collecting in total 5 appearances in this league. In this season 2005-06 he debuts also in Coppa UEFA in the match Levski Sofia-Udinese.

Udinese got full ownership from Atalanta in 2006, and loaned him to Bologna in order to gain experience. From 2007 to 2009 half of the registration rights was farmed to Serie B club Vicenza Calcio.

On 31 August 2009, Morosini signed for newly-relegated side Reggina on loan.

On 1 February 2010, he was loaned to Calcio Padova. In June 2010, the club decided not to buy him outright.

In January 2011 he was transferred on loan to Vicenza and played 15 times for this club.

On 31 January 2012 he went on loan to Livorno playing 8 matches.

International career

Morosini made his international debut for the U-17 team in September 2001, at only 15 years old. In September 2006, he made his U-21 debut and was called-up for the 2009 European Championships as back-up.

Death

On 14 April 2012, while representing Livorno, Morosini suffered a cardiac arrest and fell to the ground in the 31st minute of the Serie B match against Pescara. He unsuccessfully tried to get up before receiving medical attention on the field. A defibrillator was used on Morosini, who was conscious when he was taken on the stretcher. The News agency ANSA reported that a city police car was blocking the stadium's exit for the ambulance for nearly a minute, but a heart specialist said that the delay made no difference. After Morosini was taken to the hospital, the match was abandoned with Livorno leading 2–0, and some players reportedly "left the field in tears".

Morosini was rushed to the Santo Spirito hospital, but reports later indicated he died before reaching the hospital. Italian media reports were alerted of Morosini's death after an "explosion of shouts and tears" by his teammates who had gone to the hospital. All of the Italian football league matches for the weekend were suspended. Livorno then decided they would retire the number 25, the number he wore whilst a Livorno player.

Morosini died less than a month after Fabrice Muamba suffered a cardiac arrest in an English FA Cup match, after which awareness of heart risk had been raised in Italian football. Morosini's sister who is disabled was left with no family and will now be financially supported by the Udinese captain, Antonio Di Natale.

References

External links

Profile at Transfermarkt

Profile at official website of A.S. Livorno Calcio

Forza Italian Football site

Category:1986 births Category:2012 deaths Category:Italian footballers Category:Udinese Calcio players Category:Bologna F.C. 1909 players Category:Vicenza Calcio players Category:Reggina Calcio players Category:Calcio Padova players Category:A.S. Livorno Calcio players Category:Association football midfielders Category:Serie A footballers Category:Serie B footballers Category:Italy under-21 international footballers Category:People from Bergamo Category:Association football players who died while playing Category:Deaths from heart failure Category:Filmed deaths in sports

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