Baker

Baker Island
Location of Baker Island in the Pacific Ocean
Geography
Coordinates	0°11′41″N 176°28′46″W / 0.19472°N 176.47944°W / 0.19472; -176.47944
Area	1.64 km2 (0.633 sq mi)
Coastline	4.9 km (3.04 mi)
Highest elevation	8 m (26 ft)
Country
United States
Demographics
Population	0
Additional information
unincorporated

Baker Island ( /ˈbeɪkər/) is an uninhabited atoll located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean about 3,100 kilometers (1,700 nmi; 1,900 mi) southwest of Honolulu. The island lies almost halfway between Hawaii and Australia, and is a possession of the United States. Its nearest neighbor is Howland Island, 68 km (37 nmi; 42 mi) to the north.

Located at 0°11′41″N 176°28′46″W / 0.19472°N 176.47944°W / 0.19472; -176.47944.^[1] the island covers 1.64 km² (0.63 sq mi), with 4.9 km (3.04 mi) of coastline. The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall, constant wind, and strong sunshine. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef with a depressed central area devoid of any lagoon with its highest point being 8 meters (26 ft) above sea level.

The island now forms the Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge and is an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the U.S. Its defense is the responsibility of the United States; though uninhabited, it is visited annually by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For statistical purposes, Baker is grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands.

Description[link]

A cemetery and rubble from earlier settlements are located near the middle of the west coast, where the boat landing area is located. There are no ports or harbors, with anchorage available only offshore. The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard, so there is a day beacon near the old village site. Baker's abandoned World War II runway, 1,665 m (5,463 ft) long, is completely covered with vegetation and is unserviceable.

The United States claims an Exclusive Economic Zone of 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) and territorial sea of 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) around Baker Island.

During a 1935–1942 colonization attempt, the island was most likely on Hawaii time, which was then 10.5 hours behind UTC.^[2] Since it is uninhabited the island's time zone is unspecified, but it lies within a nautical time zone 12 hours behind UTC.

History[link]

Orthographic projection over Baker Island.

Baker was discovered in 1818 by Captain Elisha Folger of the Nantucket whaling ship Equator, who called the island "New Nantucket". In August 1825 Baker was resighted by Captain Obed Starbuck of the Loper, also a Nantucket whaler. The name goes back to Michael Baker, who visited the island in 1834.^[3] Other references state that he visited in 1832, and again on August 14, 1839, in the whaler Gideon Howland, to bury an American seaman.^[4]

The United States took possession of the island in 1857, claiming it under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.^[5] Its guano deposits were mined by the American Guano Company from 1859 to 1878. John T. Arundel and Company, a British firm using a competing claim to the island by the UK, made the island its headquarters for its guano-digging operations in the Pacific from 1886 to 1891. To clarify American sovereignty, Executive Order 7358 was issued on May 13, 1936.^[6]

In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun. The American colonists arrived aboard the USCGC Itasca, the same vessel that brought colonists to neighboring Howland Island, on April 3, 1935. They built a lighthouse, substantial dwellings, and attempted to grow various plants. One sad-looking clump of coconut palms was jokingly called "King-Doyle Park" after two well-known citizens of Hawaii who visited on the Taney in 1938. This clump was the best on the island, planted near a water seep, but the dry climate and sea birds, eager for anything upon which to perch, did not give the trees or shrubs much of a chance to survive.^[7] King-Doyle Park was later adopted as a geographical name by the USGS.

The settlement was named Meyerton after Captain H.A. Meyer of the United States Army, who helped establish the camps for the colonists in 1935. It had a population of four American civilians, who were all evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks. During World War II it was occupied by the U.S. military.

LORAN Station Baker[link]

LORAN station Baker was a radio operations base in operation from September 1944 to July 1946. The station unit number was 91 and the radio call sign was NRN-1.^[8]

Flora and fauna[link]

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service aerial view of Baker Island

Baker has no natural fresh water sources. It is treeless, with sparse vegetation consisting of four kinds of grass,^[9] prostrate vines and low-growing shrubs. The island is primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife.

Baker Island is home to a number of threatened and endangered species. The ruddy turnstone, bar-tailed godwit, sanderling, bristle-thighed curlew and Pacific golden plover, considered species of High Concern on the national conservation priority scheme, are shorebirds that inhabit the island. Green turtles and hawksbill turtles, both threatened, can be found along the reef.^[10]

Seabird species such as the lesser frigatebird, brown noddy and sooty tern use the island for nesting and roosting. The island is also believed to be a rest stop for arctic-breeding shorebirds.

National Wildlife Refuge[link]

On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton created Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within 12 nautical miles (22 km) of the island. The refuge now includes 531 acres (2.15 km²) of land and 410,184 acres (1,659.96 km²) of water.^[11] Along with six other islands, the island was administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. In January 2009, that entity was upgraded to the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument by President George W. Bush.^[12]

Environmental challenges on the Refuge include abandoned military debris from World War II and illegal fishing offshore.^[13] Invasive exotics introduced by human activity have also displaced native wildlife including cockroaches and coconut palm. Feral cats, first introduced in 1937, were eradicated in 1965.^[14]

Public entry to the island is by special-use permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only and is generally restricted to scientists and educators. Representatives from the agency visit the island on average once every two years, often coordinating transportation with amateur radio operators or the U.S. Coast Guard to defray the high cost of logistical support required to visit this remote atoll.^[15]

Ruins and artifacts[link]

Debris from past human occupation is scattered throughout the island and in offshore waters. Most is from the U.S. military occupation of the island from 1942 to 1946. The most noticeable remnant is the 150-foot (46 m) wide, 5,400-foot (1,600 m) long airstrip. It is completely overgrown with vegetation and is unusable. In the northeast section, apparently the main camp area, are the remains of several buildings and heavy equipment. Five wooden antenna poles about 40 feet (12 m) in height remain standing in the camp. Several crashed airplanes and large equipment such as bulldozers are scattered around the island. Numerous bulldozer excavations containing the remnants of metal, fuel, and water drums are scattered about the north central portion and northern edge of the island. The Navy reported the loss of 11 landing craft in the surf during World War II.^[16]

Image gallery[link]

• 

  Baker Island coastline with red-footed booby

• 

  Fish and wildlife sign

• 

  Baker Island day beacon

• Baker Island Day Beacon content.jpg

  Hermit crabs taking shade in day beacon

• 

  Settlement remains, radio tower in background

• Baker Island Gravesite.JPG

  Masked booby on gravestone

• 

  Brown noddies with radio towers in background

• Baker Island wreck.JPG

  Wreckage on Baker Island coast

See also[link]

United States portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baker Island

• 64th Coast Artillery (United States)
• Howland and Baker islands, includes coverage of the Howland-Baker EEZ
• History of the Pacific Islands
• List of Guano Island claims
• List of islands of the United States
• United States Minor Outlying Islands

References[link]

External links[link]

• Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge
• Baker Island. This article incorporates material from The World Factbook 2000.

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2010)

David Paul Baker (born 5 January 1963 in Newcastle upon Tyne, England) is an English former professional footballer.

Playing career[link]

A centre-forward, Baker was a member of the famous Wallsend Boys Club as a youngster, and was subsequently spotted playing for Bishop Auckland, turning professional with Southampton in June 1984 at a cost of £4,000 to the south coast side. He failed to break into the first-team at Southampton, moving on a free transfer to Carlisle United on 2 July 1985.^[2] On 31 July 1987, after 71 league appearances (11 goals) for Carlisle, Baker moved to Hartlepool United, again on a free transfer, where he played 197 games (scoring 67 goals) and was a vital part of the squad that achieved promotion in 1990/1, forming a partnership with Joe Allon.

Baker moved north of the border to join Motherwell in August 1992 for £77,500. After only 9 games at Motherwell, he moved on to Gillingham on 7 January 1993 for a fee of £40,000. During his time at Priestfield he scored one of the goals in a 2–0 win over Halifax Town which secured the club's League status on the last day of the season. An overall tally of 16 goals in 62 games for the Kent side prompted York City to take him back north, this time for a fee of £15,000 in October 1994. Baker was on the bench for York when they beat Manchester United 3-0 at Old Trafford in the League Cup in 1995, where he was eventually brought on, lasting a mere seven minutes before being sent off for a second bookable offence. After 48 games (18 goals) for the Bootham Crescent side, he moved to Torquay United on 19 January 1996 for a fee of £25,000. Whilst he had settled in on the playing side, he wanted a move to the north of England and after almost joining Rochdale, who couldn't meet his wage demands, he moved to Scunthorpe United on 3 October 1996 for £15,000. He had made 30 league appearances, scoring 8 goals.

His stay at Scunthorpe was also a short one, and on 27 March 1997, after 21 league appearances in which he scored 9 goals, he moved back to Hartlepool United, as player-coach. Another 35 league games followed, in which he scored 9 goals. In the 1998 close season he declined an offer to become Torquay's player/manager, and once Mick Tait was sacked as Hartlepool manager in January 1999, his time at Victoria Park looked to be drawing to a close. He even went on trial at Plymouth Argyle in February 1999, playing for Argyle reserves in their 3–2 win over Swansea City at Home Park in the South West Trophy on the 16th of that month. His lack of match fitness, after 2 broken legs and a fractured ankle in the previous 2 years, seemed to be Kevin Hodges' main reason for not signing him for Argyle.

Baker returned to Hartlepool, playing for their reserve side on 17 February, one night after playing at the opposite end of the country. His desire to play first-team football was eventually rewarded when he was surprisingly recalled to Hartlepool's first-team squad for the rest of the season, often being used as a late substitute. In the close-season of 1999, Baker was released by Hartlepool and looked like dropping down to the Conference after an extended trial period with newly relegated Scarborough. However, on 27 August 1999, Baker signed for Carlisle United, making 17 league appearances (2 goals) until he was released the following summer. In July 2000, he signed for Northern League side Bedlington Terriers, later moving to Durham City in January 2001 in exchange for former England U-18 goalkeeper Adam Clementson. He left Durham in November 2001 to join Blyth Spartans.^[3]

Managerial career[link]

In November 2002 Baker became manager of Blyth Spartans,^[4] leaving in September 2004^[5] and has also worked at Newcastle United’s academy. He was appointed manager of Angrove Northern League side Newcastle Benfield in September 2005 and guided them to the final qualifying round of the FA Cup for the first time in their history in the 2006-07 season.^[6] He resigned in December 2007.

In March 2008 he was appointed as assistant manager, under Tommy Cassidy at Newcastle Blue Star.^[7] Later that month he was appointed as Blue Star manager,^[8] but left in May 2008 to take a scouting role with Glenn Roeder's Norwich City.^[9]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Paul Baker's career stats at Soccerbase

This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Discussion about the problems with the sole source used may be found on the talk page. (September 2011)

Wayne Baker Brooks (born April 30, 1970, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American blues and blues-rock guitarist and singer.

Biography[link]

The son of the Chicago blues musician Lonnie Brooks, he joined his father's band as a roadie in 1988, and started playing guitar in the band in 1990. In 1997, he formed the Wayne Baker Brooks Band. In 1998 he spearheaded and co-authored the book, Blues for Dummies, along with Cub Koda and Lonnie Brooks, the book was published in August that year. On October 27, 1998, he and his band performed for then First Lady of the United States, Hillary Rodham Clinton (now Secretary of State) at Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation/Chess Records, 2120 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago.

On July 15, 2003, Brooks performed at U.S. Cellular Field in front of 47,000 people at the Major League Baseball All Star Game. Brooks started his own record label in 2003, and officially released his debut Mystery on October 26, 2004, receiving numerous accolades including four stars from Allmusic.

Discography[link]

Awards[link]

Real Blues Magazine Awards 1998[link]

• Best Blues Book (Blues for Dummies)

Real Blues Magazine Awards 2004[link]

• Carrying The Torch Award
• Top Blues Stars of the Future Award
• Best Chicago Blues Guitar Award
• Best New Chicago Blues Talent/Male Award
• Best Chicago Blues Tune Award^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Myspace
• Allmusic Biography
• AllMusic.com Review of Mystery

Dr. Wayne E. Baker is an American author and sociologist on the senior faculty of the University of Michigan Ross School of Business. His teaching and research interests are in the fields of values, American society, social capital, social networks and economic sociology. Baker is best known both for his research in economic sociology, where he demonstrated that financial markets operate as social networks,^[1][2][3] and his survey research on values, where he documented Americans’ core values. His data show Americans share more core values than news media and political campaigns will admit.^[4][5] These core values include patriotism, belief in God, individualism, success, equal opportunities, freedom and liberty, respect and the free market.^[2][5] He writes in both academic and popular media on this theme and is often invited to present his findings across the U.S ^[6]

Biography[link]

Baker earned his M.A. in sociology and a B.S. in finance, summa cum laude, from Northern Illinois University. From there he earned his doctorate in sociology from Northwestern University and held a post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University.^[7]

Prior to joining the University of Michigan faculty in 1995, he was on the faculty at the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business. He also worked as a partner and senior manager of TSG, Inc., a Washington, D.C.-based management consulting firm.^[7]

In 2000, Baker led and organized the movement to create the Section on Economic Sociology of the American Sociological Association.^[8] Baker was the first director of the Center for Positive Organizational Scholarship [1] at the Ross School of Business.^[7] He was Principal Investigator and Team leader for the Detroit Arab American Study,^[9] funded by the Russell Sage Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the University of Michigan. He was also Principal Investigator of the 2003 Detroit Area Study, funded by the Russell Sage Foundation and the University of Michigan.^[10][11]

Current Work[link]

Baker is currently the Robert P. Thome Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Management & Organizations at the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan.^[7] He is also Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan and Faculty Associate at the Institute for Social Research. Dr. Baker teaches in the Ph.D., MBA, BBA, and Executive Education programs.^[7] Baker is frequently a guest panelist at conferences and university forums, and has spoken on both NPR ^[12][13] and C-Span.^[14]

Baker leads the Americans’ Evolving Values project at the Institute for Social Research. The purpose of this project is to create a barometer of American values.^[5] This initiative has conducted several national surveys of the values of Americans. His daily online magazine OurValues.org promotes civil conversation on American ethics and values. Founded in May 2008, the blog addresses the day’s most pressing issues ^[15]

Research on Core Values[link]

Baker began researching values in 1996, and in 1998 discovered the core aspects of them. His major findings appeared in 2005 in the book America's Crisis of Values: Reality and Perception.^[2] Baker defines a core value as strongly and widely held, stable over time, and shared across demographic and political lines. Among the core values his research shows are widely held by American adults are: patriotism, belief in God, individualism, desire to succeed, equality of opportunities and freedom of expression.^[2][5]

Selected Publications[link]

Baker has published four books, two of which were bestsellers, and over sixty articles.

America's Crisis of Values: Reality and Perception. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-691-11794-2

Citizenship and Crisis: Arab Detroit After 9/11. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 2009. (with Sally Howell, Ann Chih Lin, Andrew Shryock, Amaney Jamal and Ron Stockton) ISBN 978-0-87154-052-2

Achieving Success Through Social Capital: Tapping the Hidden Resources in Your Personal and Business Networks. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7879-5309-6

Networking Smart: How to Build Relationships for Personal and Organizational Success. 1994. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-595-00786-8

Modernization, Cultural Change and the Persistence of Traditional Values. (with Ronald Inglehart) American Sociological Review: Vol 65: 19-51, 2000.

The Duality of American Moral Culture. The Handbook of the Sociology of Morality, Springer-Science, 2010.

Hazards of the Market: The Continuity and Dissolution of Interorganizational Market Relationships. (with Robert R. Faulkner and Gene A. Fisher). American Sociological Review 63:147-177, 1998.

The Social Organization of Conspiracy: Illegal Networks in the Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry. (with Robert R. Faulkner). American Sociological Review, 58:837-860, 1993.

Information Networks and Market Behavior. (with Ananth Iyer). Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 16:305-332. 1992.

The Social Structure of a National Securities Market. American Journal of Sociology 89:775‑811. 1984.

Quotes[link]

“Is America bitterly divided? Has America lost its traditional values? Many politicians and religious leaders believe so, as do the majority of Americans. But the evidence shows overwhelmingly that America has not lost its traditional values, that the nation compares favorably with most other societies, and that the culture war is largely a myth.” –America’s Crisis of Values ^[2]

Awards and Honors[link]

Baker won the Emory Williams Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Max Weber Award for Distinguished Scholarship (with Robert Faulkner), the Joanne Martin Trailblazer Award, (shared with members of the Center for Positive Organizational Scholarship), and the SO!WHAT! Award for the best article published in Strategic Organization (with Gerald Davis and Mina Yoo.) Networking Smart was named “one of the thirty best business books of 1994” by Executive Book Summaries.^[7]

References[link]

1. ^ Smelser, Neil; Swedberg, Richard. ["The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Second Edition".] Russell Sage Foundation ISBN 978-0-691-04485-9 2005
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Baker, Wayne. ["The Social Structure of a National Securities Market".] American Journal of Sociology 89:775‑811. 1984
3. ^ Iyer, Anath; Baker, Wayne. ["Information Networks and Market Behavior".] Journal of Mathematical Sociology 16:305-332. 1992
4. ^ Steinfels, Peter. "Beliefs: A National Crisis of Values? One Vast Analysis that exists, if at all, largely in perception". New York Times 2 July 2005
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Swanbrow, Diane. "Many values unite Americans, despite divisions". University of Michigan News Service 24 August 2010
6. ^ Prairie. "The (Un)Common Good". Illinois Humanities Council 27 January 2011
7. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Ross. "Faculty Profiles: Wayne Baker". Michigan Ross School of Business 2 July 1995
8. ^ "History of the Section on Economic Sociology". American Sociological Association August 2000
9. ^ Watan. "Arab Americans Face Discrimination, Acceptance". New America Media 11, September 2009
10. ^ Michigan. "The Detroit Arab American Study: Community Outreach". University of Michigan Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy 2 July 2003
11. ^ America.gov. "Arab Americans in Michigan Feel at Home Despite Impact of 9/11". America.gov 12 October 2004
12. ^ Meyer, Dick. "Against the Grain". National Public Radio 2 September 2008
13. ^ Gani, Marcel. "Pressing Problems Head for China". Across the Board Fall 2001
14. ^ C-Span. "America's Crisis of Values: Reality and Perception". C-Span Video Library 12 April 2005
15. ^ Crumm, David. "Our Values". Read the Spirit 2 July 2005

Jessie Evans
Sport(s)	Basketball
Current position
Title	Assistant coach
Team	Lamar University
Biographical details
Born	Lebanon, Tennessee
Playing career
1968–1972	Eastern Michigan
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1972–1973 1973–1976 1976–1981 1982–1984 1984–1986 1986–1988 1988–1997 1997–2004 2004–2007	Flint Pros Northwestern HS Minnesota (asst.) San Diego State (asst.) Wyoming (asst.) Texas (asst.) Arizona (asst.) Louisiana-Lafayette San Francisco
Accomplishments and honors
Championships Sun Belt Tournament Championship (2000, 2004) Sun Belt Regular Season Championship (2000, 2004)

Jessie Evans is the former head men's basketball coach at the University of San Francisco. He was replaced by Eddie Sutton on December 26, 2007. He previously held the same position at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.^[1]

References[link]

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