Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
Holiday name	Vesākha
Official name	Vesākha, Vaishaka, Vesak Bangladesh: ''Bud-dho Purnyima'' (বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা) or ''Bud-dho Joyonti'' (বুদ্ধ জয়ন্তী) Chinese-speaking areas: ''Fó Dàn'' (佛誕) or ''Fāt Dàahn'' India and Nepal: ''Buddha Purnima'' (बुद्ध पुर्णिमा) or ''Buddha Jayanti'' (बुद्ध जयंती) Indonesia: ''Waisak'' Japan: ''Hanamatsuri'' (花祭) Korea: ''Seokka Tanshin-il'' (석가 탄신일, 釋迦誕身日) Laos: ''Vixakha Bouxa'' Malaysia: ''Hari Wesak'' Myanmar (Burma): Kason Full Moon Day () Sri Lanka: ''Wesak'' (වෙසක්) Thailand: ''Wisakha Bucha'' or ''Visakah Puja'' (วิสาขบูชา) Tibet: ''Saga Dawa'' (*ས་ག་ཟླ་བ། ) Vietnam: ''Phật Đản''
Nickname	Buddha's Birthday or Buddha Day
Observedby	All Buddhist sects
Date	First full moon of the Taurus, in May (common years) or June (leap years)
Observances	Meditation, Observing the eight precepts, partaking of vegetarian food, giving to charity, "bathing" the Buddha
Type	Buddhist
Longtype	Religious
Significance	The birth, enlightenment and passing away of Buddha
Relatedto	Buddha's Birthday }}

Vesākha (Pali; Sanskrit: ''Vaiśākha'' वैशाख) is an annual holiday observed traditionally by Buddhists in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the South East Asian countries of Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma, and Indonesia. Sometimes informally called "Buddha's Birthday", it actually encompasses the birth, enlightenment (nirvāna), and passing away (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha.

The exact date of Vesākha varies according to the various lunar calendars used in different traditions. In Theravada countries following the Buddhist calendar, it falls on the full moon Uposatha day (typically the 5th or 6th lunar month). Vesākha Day in China is on the eighth of the fourth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The date varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but falls in April or May.

Names for Vesākha

In Mahayana Buddhist traditions, the holiday is known by its Sanskrit name, वैशाख ''Vaiśākha'', and derived variants of it.

History

The decision to agree to celebrate the Vesākha as the Buddha’s birthday was formalized at the first Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists held in Sri Lanka in 1950, although festivals at this time in the Buddhist world are a centuries-old tradition. The Resolution that was adopted at the World Conference reads as follows:

On Vesākha Day, Buddhists all over the world commemorate events of significance to Buddhists of all traditions: The birth, enlightenment and the passing away of Gautama Buddha. As Buddhism spread from India it was assimilated into many foreign cultures, and consequently Vesākha is celebrated in many different ways all over the world.

The celebration of Vesākha

May 2007 had two full moon days, the 1st and the 31st. Some countries (including Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Malaysia) celebrated Vesākha on the 1st, while others (Thailand, Singapore) celebrated the holiday on the 31st due to different local lunar observance. This difference also manifests in the observance of other Buddhist holidays, which are traditionally observed at the local full moon.

On Vesākha day, devout Buddhists and followers alike are expected and requested to assemble in their various temples before dawn for the ceremonial, and honorable, hoisting of the Buddhist flag and the singing of hymns in praise of the holy triple gem: The Buddha, The Dharma (his teachings), and The Sangha (his disciples). Devotees may bring simple offerings of flowers, candles and joss-sticks to lay at the feet of their teacher. These symbolic offerings are to remind followers that just as the beautiful flowers would wither away after a short while and the candles and joss-sticks would soon burn out, so too is life subject to decay and destruction. Devotees are enjoined to make a special effort to refrain from killing of any kind. They are encouraged to partake of vegetarian food for the day. In some countries, notably Sri Lanka, two days are set aside for the celebration of Vesākha and all liquor shops and slaughter houses are closed by government decree during the two days. Also birds, insects and animals are released by the thousands in what is known as a 'symbolic act to liberation'; of giving freedom to those who are in captivity, imprisoned, or tortured against their will. Some devout Buddhists will wear a simple white dress and spend the whole day in temples with renewed determination to observe the eight Precepts. Devout Buddhists undertake to lead a noble life according to the teaching by making daily affirmations to observe the Five Precepts. However, on special days, notably new moon and full moon days, they observe the eight Precepts to train themselves to practice morality, simplicity and humility.

Some temples also display a small image of the baby Buddha in front of the altar in a small basin filled with water and decorated with flowers, allowing devotees to pour water over the statue; it is symbolic of the cleansing of a practitioners bad karma, and to reenact the events following the Buddha's birth, when devas and spirits made heavenly offerings to him.

Devotees are expected to listen to talks given by monks. On this day monks will recite verses uttered by the Buddha twenty-five centuries ago, to invoke peace and happiness for the Government and the people. Buddhists are reminded to live in harmony with people of other faiths and to respect the beliefs of other people as the Buddha had taught.

Bringing happiness to others

Celebrating Vesākha also means making special efforts to bring happiness to the unfortunate like the aged, the handicapped and the sick. To this day, Buddhists will distribute gifts in cash and kind to various charitable homes throughout the country. Vesākha is also a time for great joy and happiness, expressed not by pandering to one’s appetites but by concentrating on useful activities such as decorating and illuminating temples, painting and creating exquisite scenes from the life of the Buddha for public dissemination. Devout Buddhists also vie with one another to provide refreshments and vegetarian food to followers who visit the temple to pay homage to the Enlightened One.

Paying homage to the Buddha

Tradition ascribes to the Buddha himself instruction on how to pay him homage. Just before he died, he saw his faithful attendant Ananda, weeping. The Buddha advised him not to weep, but to understand the universal law that all compounded things (including even his own body) must disintegrate. He advised everyone not to cry over the disintegration of the physical body but to regard his teachings (The Dhamma) as their teacher from then on, because only the Dhamma truth is eternal and not subject to the law of change. He also stressed that the way to pay homage to him was not merely by offering flowers, incense, and lights, but by truly and sincerely striving to follow his teachings. This is how buddhists are expected to celebrate Vesak: to use the opportunity to reiterate their determination to lead noble lives, to develop their minds, to practise loving-kindness and to bring peace and harmony to humanity.

Thai Visakha Puja Day and Others

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In Japan

In Japan, Vesākha or hanamatsuri (花祭) is also known as: ''Kanbutsu-e'' (灌仏会), ''Goutan-e'' (降誕会), ''Busshou-e'' (仏生会), ''Yokubutsu-e'' (浴仏会), ''Ryuge-e'' (龍華会), ''Hana-eshiki'' (花会式). It is not a public holiday. It is based on a legend that a dragon appeared in the sky on his birthday and poured soma over him.

It used to be celebrated on the 8th day of the fourth month in the Chinese Lunar Calendar, based on one of the legends that proclaims the day as Buddha's birthday. At present, the celebration is observed on April 8 of the Solar Calendar since the Meiji government adopted the western solar calendar as the official calendar. Since the 8th day of the fourth month in the lunar calendar commonly falls in May of the current solar calendar, it is now celebrated about a month earlier.

In Japan, Shinbutsu shugo is common so Buddhist temples celebrate Buddha's birthday by pouring ''ama cha'', a tea made of Hydrangea on statues. In Buddhist temples, monasteries and nunneries, more involved ceremonies are conducted for practicing Buddhists, priests, monks and nuns.

Vesak in Sri Lanka

Vesak is celebrated as a religious and a cultural festival in Sri Lanka on the full moon of the month of May, for a duration of one week. During this week, the selling of alcohol and flesh is usually prohibited, with abattoirs also being closed. Celebrations include various religious and alms giving activities. Electrically lit pandols called ''toranas'' are erected in various locations mainly in Colombo, Kandy, Galle and elsewhere, most sponsored by donors, religious societies and welfare groups. Each pandol illustrates a story from the 550 Jataka Katha or the 550 Past Life Stories of the Buddha. In addition, colourful lanterns called ''Vesak koodu'' are hung along streets and in front of homes. They signify the light of the Buddha, Dharma and the Sangha. Food stalls set up by Buddhist devotees called ''dansälas'' provide free food and drinks to passersby. Groups of people from various community organisations, businesses and government departments sing ''bhakti gee'' or Buddhist devotional songs. Colombo experiences a massive influx of public from all parts of the country during this week.

In Vietnam

In 1963, the South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem, a Catholic, and the younger brother of Archbishop Ngo Dinh Thuc banned the flying of the Buddhist flag. This led to a demonstration and flag-waving in defiance of the ban. Diem's forces opened fire on the Buddhist crowd, killing nine, sparking the Buddhist crisis, a period of civil disobedience against religious discrimination.

Wesak In Malaysia

Celebrated by Buddhists which marks three momentous events in Buddha's life - his birthday, his enlightenment, and his departure from human world, the Wesak celebration in Malaysia begins at dawn when devotees gather at the Buddhist temples nationwide to meditate on the Eight Precepts. Donations, giving food to the needy, offerings of incense, joss sticks and prayers are carried out. The sutras are chanted in unison by monks in saffron robes. The celebration is highlighted by a candle procession. Wesak Day in Malaysia is a national public holiday.

References

External links

Vesak Day 2010!

The Teachings of Buddha

Vesakha around the world

The Significance of Vesak - Buddha Day

Vesak 2007 article

Vesak festival - Vesak Thorana (pandol)

Buddha-marga, Way of Buddha

Vesak Music

Pictures of Pandols, Lanterns and Lights during Vesak Festival, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Jathaka Katha

Photos - Maha Vihara Temple, Brickfields, Malaysia (1 May 2007)

How to make a Vesak Lantern

Category:Buddhist festivals Category:Festivals in India Category:May observances Category:Buddhist holidays Category:Full moon

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
Background	#FFD068 | color black
Name	Ajahn Brahm
Birth name	Peter Betts
Birth date	August 07, 1951
Birth place	United Kingdom
Nationality	British
School	Theravada
Title	Venerable Ajahn Brahmavamso Mahathera
Location	Bodhinyana Monastery
Education	Cambridge University
Website	http://www.ajahnbrahm.org/ }}

Ajahn Brahmavamso Mahathera (known to most as Ajahn Brahm), born Peter Betts in London, United Kingdom on 7 August 1951, is a Theravada Buddhist monk. Currently Brahm is the Abbot of Bodhinyana Monastery, in Serpentine, Western Australia, the Spiritual Director of the Buddhist Society of Western Australia, Spiritual Adviser to the Buddhist Society of Victoria, Spiritual Adviser to the Buddhist Society of South Australia, Spiritual Patron of the Buddhist Fellowship in Singapore, and Spiritual Patron of the Bodhikusuma Centre in Sydney.

Early life

Peter Betts came from a working-class background and went to Latymer Upper School. He won a scholarship to study Theoretical physics at Cambridge University in the late 1960s. After graduating from Cambridge he taught in high school for one year before traveling to Thailand to become a monk and train with the Ajahn Chah Bodhinyana Mahathera. Brahm was ordained in Bangkok at the age of twenty-three by the Abbot of Wat Saket. He subsequently spent nine years studying and training in the forest meditation tradition under Ajahn Chah.

Bodhinyana Monastery

Brahm was invited to Perth, Australia by the Buddhist Society of Western Australia to assist Ajahn Jagaro in teaching duties. Initially they both lived in an old house in the suburb of North Perth, but in late 1983 purchased 97 acres (393,000 m²) of rural and forested land in the hills of Serpentine south of Perth. The land was to become Bodhinyana Monastery (named after their teacher, Ajahn Chah Bodhinyana). Bodhinyana was to become the first dedicated Buddhist monastery in the Southern Hemisphere and is today the largest community of Buddhist monks in Australia. Initially there were no buildings on the land, and as there were only a few Buddhists in Perth at this time, and little funding, the monks themselves began building to save money. Brahm learnt plumbing and bricklaying and built many of the current buildings himself.

In 1994, Jagaro took a sabbatical leave from Western Australia and disrobed a year later. Left in charge, Brahm took on the role and was soon being invited to provide his teachings in other parts of Australia and South-East Asia. He has been a speaker at the International Buddhist Summit in Phnom Penh in 2002, and at three Global Conferences on Buddhism. He also dedicates time and attention to the sick and dying, those in prison or ill with cancer, people wanting to learn to meditate, and also to his Sangha of monks at Bodhinyana. Brahm has also been influential in establishing Dhammasara Nuns' Monastery at Gidgegannup in the hills north-east of Perth to be a wholly independent monastery, where the Sri Lankan trained, Australian nun Ajahn Sr. Vayama is currently abbess.

Bhikkhuni ordination

On 22 October 2009 Brahm facilitated an ordination ceremony for bhikkhunis where four female Buddhists, Venerable Ajahn Vayama, and Venerables Nirodha, Seri and Hasapanna, were ordained into the Western Theravada bhikkhuni sangha. The ordination ceremony took place at Ajahn Brahm's Bodhinyana Monastery at Serpentine (near Perth, WA), Australia. For his actions of 22 October 2009, on 1 November 2009, at a meeting of senior members of the Thai monastic sangha, held at Wat Pah Pong, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, Brahm was removed from the Ajahn Chah Forest Sangha lineage and is no longer associated with the main monastery in Thailand, Wat Pah Pong, nor with any of the other Western Forest Sangha branch monasteries of the Ajahn Chah tradition.

Achievements

Whilst still a junior monk, Brahm was asked to undertake the compilation of an English-language guide to the Buddhist monastic code - the vinaya - which later became the basis for monastic discipline in many Theravadan monasteries in Western countries. Currently Brahm is the Abbot of Bodhinyana Monastery, in Serpentine, Western Australia, the Spiritual Director of the Buddhist Society of Western Australia, Spiritual Adviser to the Buddhist Society of Victoria, Spiritual Adviser to the Buddhist Society of South Australia, Spiritual Patron of the Buddhist Fellowship in Singapore, Spiritual Patron of the Bodhikusuma Centre in Sydney.

In October 2004, Brahm was awarded the John Curtin Medal for his vision, leadership and service to the Australian community by Curtin University. He is currently working with monks and nuns of all Buddhist traditions in the Australian Sangha Association.

Publications

''Opening the Door of Your Heart: And Other Buddhist Tales of Happiness''. Also published as ''Who Ordered This Truckload of Dung?: Inspiring Stories for Welcoming Life's Difficulties''. (2005). Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-278-1

''Mindfulness, Bliss, and Beyond: A Meditator's Handbook''. (2006). Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-275-7

References

Further reading

The full transcript from the 28 February 2009 interview is available on Buddhanet

Category:1951 births Category:Ajahns Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge Category:English emigrants to Australia Category:Australian Theravada Buddhists Category:Theravada Buddhism writers Category:Converts to Buddhism Category:English Theravada Buddhists Category:Modern Buddhist writers Category:Theravada Buddhist monks Category:Living people Category:Nonviolence advocates

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Bhante Henepola Gunaratana
birth place	Henepola, Sri Lanka
birth date	December 07, 1927
occupation	the abbot of Bhavana Society, High View, West Virginia
website	website }}

Henepola Gunaratana is a Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhist monk. He is often affectionately known as Bhante G.

''Bhante'' is a title which literally means ''venerable sir'' in Pāli. In addition to being a polite form of address in Pāli conversation, it is commonly used as a term of respect for Theravada monks.

Early life

Henepola Gunaratana was born December 7, 1927 in the small Sri Lankan village of Henepola. He was ordained as a monk at the age of 12, and received his education at Vidyasekhara Pirivena, a monk's school at Gampaha. He received upasampada when he was 20, in Kandy. He received his higher education in Sri Lanka at Vidyalankara College in Kelaniya and the Buddhist Missionary College (an affiliate of the Maha Bodhi Society) in Colombo.

Missionary work

After his education, he was sent to India for missionary work as a representative of the Maha Bodhi Society. He primarily served the Untouchables in Sanchi, Delhi, and Bombay.

He also served as a religious advisor to the Malaysian Sasana Abhivurdhiwardhana Society, Buddhist Missionary Society, and Buddhist Youth Federation. Following this he served as an educator for Kishon Dial School and Temple Road Girl's School. He was also the principal of the Buddhist Institute of Kuala Lampur.

Arrival in the United States

Bhante Gunaratana came to the United States at the invitation of the Sasana Sevaka Society in 1968 in order to serve as the General Secretary of the Buddhist Vihara Society of Washington, D.C.. He was elected president of the society twelve years later. While serving in this office, he has conducted meditation retreats and taught courses in Buddhist Studies.

Since his arrival in the United States, he has expanded his scholarly knowledge by earning a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate in philosophy at American University. He has also taught graduate level courses on Buddhism at American University, Georgetown University, Bucknell University, and the University of Maryland, College Park. He also lectures at universities throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia. He is the author of the book ''Mindfulness in Plain English''.

Bhante Gunaratana is currently the abbot of the Bhavana Society, a monastery and meditation retreat center he founded in High View, West Virginia.

Published works

References

External links

Bhante Henepola Gunaratana

Bhante Gunaratana's books at Wisdom Publications

Category:Modern Buddhist writers Category:Theravada Buddhist monks Category:American University alumni Category:People from Hampshire County, West Virginia Category:Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhists Category:Sri Lankan Buddhist monks Category:1927 births Category:Living people

de:Henepola Gunaratana et:Henepola Gunaratana nl:Henepola Gunaratana zh:德寶法師