Antonio T. Carpio (born October 26, 1949) is an incumbent Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and assumed office on October 26, 2001, his 52nd birthday. He is the current acting Chief Justice of Supreme Court of the Philippines.^[1]

Profile[link]

Born in Davao City, Carpio finished grade school and high school at the Ateneo de Davao University. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Economics from the Ateneo de Manila University, and his law degree from the University of the Philippines College of Law. He went into private practice and soon emerged as one of the more prominent and successful legal practitioners in the country. Carpio also taught law subjects at the U.P. College of Law from 1983 to 1992.

In 1992, he joined the administration of President Fidel Ramos as Chief Presidential Legal Counsel of the Office of the President. During the presidency of Joseph Estrada, Carpio returned to private practice and penned a regular opinion column published in the Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Carpio was the first Supreme Court appointee of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo after her assumption into office in 2001. At 52, he was one of the youngest ever appointees to the Supreme Court, the youngest Justice since Claudio Teehankee, Sr. was appointed at the age of 50 in 1968.

Office of Antonio T. Carpio, new Supreme Court of the Philippines building.

Chambers of Carpio.

As of December 2009, as Senior Associate Justice, Carpio is chairperson of the Court's Second Division. He also chairs the Senate Electoral Tribunal.

Being the Senior Associate Justice, he assumed the post as the Acting Chief Justice in May 29, 2012 until the President will appoint a new chief justice coming from the list of candidates released by the Judicial and Bar Council although he is a prospect of being the new Chief Justice.^[2] He assumed the post after his predecessor, Renato Corona was convicted by the Senate Impeachment court for hiding some of his Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth, such as his 4 Dollar Accounts and 3 Peso Accounts that led to his removal in office, as written by the 1987 Constitution^[3]

Carpio is the cousin of Ombudsman and former Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-Morales.^[4]

Notable opinions[link]

• MVRS Publications v. Islamic Da'Wah Council (2003) - Dissenting — on distinction between criminal libel and libel as a tort (joined by J. Panganiban)
• Estrada v. Escritor I and II - Dissenting opinions — on right of free exercise of religion as shield from administrative sanction for bigamous relations (joined by J. Panganiban, Callejo, Sr., and Carpio-Morales)
• Feliciano v. COA (2004) – on legal personality of local water districts
• Tenebro v. CA (2004) - Dissenting — on whether the annulment of the second marriage affects criminal liability for bigamy (joined by J. Quisumbing, Austria-Martinez, Carpio-Morales, and Tinga)
• Central Bank Employees v. BSP (2004) - Dissenting — on claims for wage increases of government employees in accordance with equal protection clause even absent enabling legislation
• Sonza v. ABS-CBN (2004) – on employment relationship between a television presenter and the television network
• MIAA v. City of Parañaque (2006) — on exemption of government agencies in payment of local government taxes
• Rufino v. Endriga (2006) — on presidential appointing power over officials of government agencies established by Congress
• Lambino v. COMELEC (2006) — on people's initiative as a mode to amend the Constitution
• G.R. No. 180643, Romulo L. Neri Vs. Senate Committee(2008) - Separate Opinion, on The limits of executive privilege
• Indirect Bribery case of Jake Macasaet (2008)- Dissenting opinion on Jake Macasaet case

References[link]

External links[link]

• Justice Antonio T. Carpio (Official Supreme Court Webpage)
• |Antonio Carpio acts as Chief Justice

v t e The Corona Court 2010–present Template:Philippine Supreme Court composition/2011 August May 2010 – 17 June 2011: A. Carpio C. Carpio-Morales P. Velasco, Jr. A. Nachura T. Leonardo-de Castro A. Brion D. Peralta L. Bersamin M. Del Castillo R. Abad M. Villarama, Jr. J. Perez J. Mendoza M. L. Sereno

v t e The Puno Court 2006–2010 4 January – 17 May 2010: A. Carpio R. Corona C. Carpio-Morales P. Velasco, Jr. A. Nachura T. Leonardo-de Castro A. Brion D. Peralta L. Bersamin M. Del Castillo R. Abad M. Villarama, Jr. J. Perez J. Mendoza

v t e Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Cayetano Arellano Victorino Mapa Manuel Araullo Ramón Avanceña José Abad Santos José Yulo Manuel Moran Ricardo Paras César Bengzon Roberto Concepcion Querube Makalintal Fred Ruiz Castro Enrique Fernando Felix Makasiar Ramon Aquino Claudio Teehankee Pedro Yap Marcelo Fernan Andres Narvasa Hilario Davide, Jr. Artemio Panganiban Reynato Puno Renato Corona Antonio Carpio (acting)

Juan Antonio (born 5 January 1988 in Trelew, Chubut) is an Argentine football forward who currently plays for Italian club Sampdoria.

External links[link]

• (Spanish) Argentine Primera statistics
• (Spanish) Player profile on the River Plate website

This biographical article related to an Argentine association football forward is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Renato Corona
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
In office May 17, 2010 – May 29, 2012
Appointed by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Preceded by	Reynato Puno
Succeeded by	Antonio Carpio (Acting)
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
In office April 9, 2002 – May 17, 2010
Appointed by	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Preceded by	Arturo Buena
Succeeded by	Maria Lourdes Sereno
Chief of Staff of Malacañang Palace
In office January 20, 2001 – April 9, 2002
President	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Preceded by	Aprodicio Laquian
Succeeded by	Rigoberto Tiglao
Personal details
Born	(1948-10-15) October 15, 1948 (age 63) Tanauan, Philippines
Spouse(s)	Cristina Roco
Alma mater	Ateneo de Manila University Harvard University University of Santo Tomas

Renato C. Corona (born October 15, 1948) was the 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He served as an Associate Justice after being appointed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on April 9, 2002 and later as Chief Justice on May 12, 2010 upon the retirement of Chief Justice Reynato Puno.

Corona was a former law professor, private law practitioner, and member of the Cabinet under two Presidents, Fidel V. Ramos and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, before being appointed to the high tribunal.

On December 12, 2011, he was impeached by the House of Representatives.^[1] On May 29, 2012, he was found guilty by the Senate of violating Article II of the Articles of Impeachment alleging that he failed to disclose to the public his statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth.^[2]

Background[link]

Renato Corona was born on October 15, 1948 in Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines. He is married to Cristina Corona (née Roco). They have three children and six grandchildren.^[3]

Education[link]

Corona graduated with gold medal honors from the Ateneo de Manila grade school in 1962 and high school in 1966.

He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree, with honors, also from Ateneo de Manila in 1970 where he was the editor-in-chief of The GUIDON, the university student newspaper. He finished his Bachelor of Laws at the Ateneo Law School in 1974. He placed 25th highest out of 1,965 candidates in the bar examinations with a grade of 84.6%. After pursuing law school, he obtained his Master of Business Administration degree at the Ateneo Professional Schools.^[3]

In 1981, he was accepted to the Master of Laws program of the Harvard Law School where he focused on foreign investment policies and the regulation of corporate and financial institutions. He was conferred the degree LL.M. in 1982. He earned his Doctor of Civil Law degree from the University of Santo Tomas, summa cum laude and was the class valedictorian.^[3]

Doctorate degree controversy[link]

On December 22, 2011, Marites Vitug of online journalism site, Rappler.com, published an article alleging that the University of Santo Tomas (UST) "may have broken its rules" in granting Corona a doctorate in civil law and qualifying him for honors. She wrote that Corona did not submit a dissertation to complete his PhD, a requirement set by the university for all wishing to have their doctorate degrees, and that Corona overstayed, since UST requires that PhD programs be completed in five years with maximum residency of seven years.^[4]

Basing from a previous interview, Vitug said Corona started his coursework on his PhD in 2000 or 2001. Corona graduated in April 2011, a decade later, where he was one of six graduates to garner top honors during ceremonies intended to commemorate the university's quadricentennial. ^[5]

In a statement, the UST Graduate School denied that it broke its rules to favor Corona. It added that Corona had enrolled in all of the requisite subjects leading to the doctorate, attended his classes, passed them and delivered a “scholarly treatise” for his dissertation in a public lecture. UST said that since it has been declared by the Commission on Higher Education as an “autonomous higher educational institution (HEI)” it thus enjoys an institutional academic freedom to set its standards of quality and excellence and determine to whom it shall confer appropriate degrees. It added that issues about Corona's residency and academic honor received were moot because these come under the institutional academic freedom of the university.^[6] UST likewise questioned the objectivity of the article citing that Vitug has had a run-in with Corona and the Supreme Court.^[7]

Sought for comment, Vitug said UST's statement "basically says, we have rules but we can flout them, invoking academic freedom and autonomy."^[8]

The book, Shadow of Doubt: Probing the Supreme Court, also written by Vitug, found that his claim that he graduated with honors from his Bachelor of Arts degree at the Ateneo de Manila University is not recorded in the university's archives.^[5]

As Chief Justice[link]

Chambers of Renato C. Corona, (new Supreme Court of the Philippines building).

On May 12, 2010, two days after the 2010 general election and a month before President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's term expired, Corona was appointed the 23rd Chief Justice of the Philippines, succeeding Reynato Puno who had reached the mandatory age of retirement.^[9]

His appointment was highly criticized, notably by then presidential candidate Benigno Aquino III and former President Fidel V. Ramos, due to a constitutional prohibition against Arroyo from making appointments two months before the election up to the end of her term.^[9]

However, an earlier Supreme Court decision in De Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council on March 17, 2010 upheld Arroyo’s right as incumbent president to appoint the Chief Justice. Voting 9–1, the high tribunal underscored that the 90-day period for the President to fill the vacancy in the Supreme Court is a special provision to establish a definite mandate for the President as the appointing power and that the election ban on appointments does not extend to the Supreme Court.^[10]

Corona abstained from ruling on the case together with Chief Justice Puno and Associate Justice Antonio Carpio while Associate Justices Antonio Eduardo Nachura and Presbitero Velasco, Jr. dismissed the petition as immature. Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-Morales, in her dissenting opinion, stressed that the Court can function effectively during the midnight appointments ban without an appointed Chief Justice.^[11][12]

Impeachment[link]

On December 12, 2011, 188 of the 285 members of the House of Representatives signed an impeachment complaint against Corona.^[1] As only a vote of one-third of the entire membership of the House, or 95 signatures, were necessary for the impeachment of Corona under the 1987 Constitution, the complaint was sent to the Senate for trial.^[13][14]

Corona is accused of consistently ruling with partiality to former President Arroyo in cases involving her administration and of failing to disclose his statement of assets as required by the Constitution. However he argues that he was not required to disclose US$2.4 million under a rule that stated foreign currency deposits did not have to be reported and that the peso accounts belonged to relatives, while also saying the case against him was politically motivated as part of President Benigno Aquino III's campaign against corruption.^[15]

On May 29, 2012, he was found guilty by the Senate of Article II of the Articles of Impeachment filed against him for his failure to disclose to the public his statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth.^[2] Twenty out of twenty-three senators voted to convict him. A two-thirds majority, or 16 votes, was necessary to convict and remove Corona from office. Corona responded by declaring that "ugly politics prevailed" and his "conscience is clear." This marked the first time that a high-level Philippine official has been impeached and convicted. Senator Pia Cayetano explained her vote by stating that "the failure to declare $2.4 million and some 80 million pesos is not minor."^[16][17]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Was Corona Honest?: An Interactive Properties Map of Chief Justice Renato Corona's Asset Declarations on Rappler.com
• Special Coverage of the Corona Trial on Rappler.com
• Justice Renato C. Corona (Official Supreme Court Webpage)
• Corona is next SC chief, www.mb.com.ph 12 May 2010
• The Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato C. Corona
• Chief Justice Renato C. Corona's Answer to the Impeachment Complaint
• The Corona Impeachment: A Breakdown by The CenSEI Report
• After 5 Weeks, 45 Titles, 10 Accounts, and One Small Lady
• Corona's Defense Goes on the Offensive
• Judging the Chief Justice: A Recapitulation by The CenSEI Report
• The Manila Times: Legal conundrums in the impeachment trial

v t e The Corona Court 2010–2012 16 September 2011 – 29 May 2012: A. Carpio P. Velasco, Jr. T. Leonardo-de Castro A. Brion D. Peralta L. Bersamin M. Del Castillo R. Abad M. Villarama, Jr. J. Perez J. Mendoza M. L. Sereno B. Reyes E. Perlas-Bernabe 17 June 2011 – 16 September 2011: A. Carpio P. Velasco, Jr. T. Leonardo-de Castro A. Brion D. Peralta L. Bersamin M. Del Castillo R. Abad M. Villarama, Jr. J. Perez J. Mendoza M. L. Sereno Vacant Vacant May 2010 – 17 June 2011: A. Carpio C. Carpio-Morales P. Velasco, Jr. A. Nachura T. Leonardo-de Castro A. Brion D. Peralta L. Bersamin M. Del Castillo R. Abad M. Villarama, Jr. J. Perez J. Mendoza M. L. Sereno

v t e Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Cayetano Arellano Victorino Mapa Manuel Araullo Ramón Avanceña José Abad Santos José Yulo Manuel Moran Ricardo Paras César Bengzon Roberto Concepcion Querube Makalintal Fred Ruiz Castro Enrique Fernando Felix Makasiar Ramon Aquino Claudio Teehankee Pedro Yap Marcelo Fernan Andres Narvasa Hilario Davide, Jr. Artemio Panganiban Reynato Puno Renato Corona Antonio Carpio (acting)

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Ph.D.
14th President of the Philippines
In office January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
Vice President	Teofisto Guingona Noli de Castro
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Benigno Aquino III
12th Vice President of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
President	Joseph Estrada
Preceded by	Joseph Estrada
Succeeded by	Teofisto Guingona
Member of the House of Representatives from Pampanga's 2nd district
Incumbent
Assumed office June 30, 2010
Preceded by	Mikey Arroyo
Senator of the Philippines
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
Personal details
Born	(1947-04-05) April 5, 1947 (age 65)[1] San Juan, Philippines
Political party	Lakas Kampi CMD (2009–present)
Other political affiliations	LDP (Before 1998) KAMPI (1997–2009) Lakas-CMD (1998–2009)
Spouse(s)	Jose Miguel Arroyo
Children	Juan Miguel M. Arroyo Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria M. Arroyo
Alma mater	Georgetown University Assumption College Ateneo de Manila University University of the Philippines, Diliman
Signature
Website	Official website

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Ph.D. (born April 5, 1947) is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga. She was the country's second female president (after Corazón Aquino), and the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal.

Arroyo was a former professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University where Benigno Aquino III was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by the EDSA Revolution of 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001. She was elected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency she was elected to the House of Representatives, making her the second Philippine president—after José P. Laurel—to pursue a lower office after their presidency.

On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following the filing of criminal charges against her for electoral fraud. As of December 9, 2011, she is incarcerated at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage.^[2][3]

Early life[link]

She was born as María Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal to politician Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal. She is the sister of Dr. Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal, Jr. and Cielo Macapagal-Salgado. She spent the first years of her life in Lubao, Pampanga, with her two older siblings from her father's first marriage.^[1] At the age of four, she chose to live with her maternal grandmother in Iligan City.^[4] She stayed there for three years, then split her time between Mindanao and Manila until the age of 11.^[4] She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Spanish and several other Philippine languages, most importantly, Kapampangan, Ilokano, and Cebuano.

In 1961, when Arroyo was just 14 years old, her father was elected as president. She moved with her family into Malacañang Palace in Manila. A municipality was named in her honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. where she was a classmate of future United States President Bill Clinton and achieved consistent Dean's list status.^[5] She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Assumption College, graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

In 1968, Arroyo married lawyer and businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, whom she had met while still a teenager.^[1] They had three children, Juan Miguel (born 1969), Evangelina Lourdes (born 1971) and Diosdado Ignacio Jose María (born in 1974). She pursued a Master's Degree in Economics at the Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Doctorate Degree in Economics from the University of the Philippines Diliman (1985).^[6] From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in several schools, notably the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University. She became chairperson of the Economics Department at Assumption College.

In 1987, she was invited by President Corazon Aquino to join the government as Assistant Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. She was promoted to Undersecretary two years later. In her concurrent position as Executive Director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, Arroyo oversaw the rapid growth of the garment industry in the late 1980s.

Ancestry[link]

Patrilineal descent[link]

Senator[link]

Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. At the first general election under the 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.^[7] Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, topping the senatorial election with nearly 16 million votes.

As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Export Development Act.^[1]

The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from left-wing political groups.

Vice Presidency[link]

Arroyo considered a run for the presidency in the 1998 election, but was persuaded by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the administration party Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats to instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[8] Though the latter lost to popular former actor Joseph Estrada, Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.^[9]

Arroyo began her term as Vice President on June 30, 1998. Historically, she was the first and only to date female Vice President of the Philippines. She was appointed by Estrada to a concurrent position in the cabinet as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development.^[8]

Arroyo resigned from the cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from President Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor from Ilocos Sur.^[10] She had initially resisted pressure from allies to speak out against Estrada,^[11] but eventually joined calls for Estrada's resignation.^[10]

Presidency[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

First Term (2001–2004)[link]

Succession[link]

The last quarter of 2000 up to the first week of January 2001 was a period of political and economic uncertainty for the Philippines. On January 16, 2001, the impeachment trial has also taken a new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial when pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening of an evidence (a brown envelope) containing bank records allegedly owned by President Estrada. With the walk out, the impeachment trial was not completed and the Filipinos eventually took to the street to continue the clamor for President Estrada's resignation.

From January 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the original People Power Revolution. The clamor for a change in the presidency gained momentum as various sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftist and rightist groups – joined what became known as EDSA II. Officials of the administration, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and the Philippine National Police (PNP) also withdrew their support for President Estrada.

Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers questioned the legitimacy of Arroyo's presidency before the Supreme Court. He reiterated that he did not resign as president and that at most, Arroyo was just serving in an acting capacity. The high court, however, voted unanimously in upholding the legitimacy of Arroyo's succession. As a consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him.

In the last week of April 2001, the Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest of Estrada and his son, Senator Jinggoy Estrada, for plunder charges. A few days later, Estrada supporters protested his arrest, gathered at the EDSA Shrine, and staged what they called, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Power revolution of 1986 and January 2001.

Thousands of protesters demanded the release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the ouster of Arroyo and the reinstatement of the former. On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacañang to force Arroyo to give in to their demands. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the presidential palace and the military and police were forced to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested. The so-called EDSA III was the first serious political challenge to the Arroyo presidency.

Oakwood Mutiny[link]

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of 321 armed soldiers who called themselves "Bagong Katipuneros"^[12] led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV of the Philippine Navy took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower in Makati City to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration. They also stated that they saw signs suggesting that the President was going to declare martial law.

2004 Presidential Election[link]

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution explicitly states that the president of the Philippines can only serve for one term. However, the same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency. Although Arroyo falls under this category, she initially announced on December 30, 2002 that she will no longer seek the presidency. She emphasized that she will devote her remaining months in office to serving the people and improving the economy of the Philippines.

In October 2003, Arroyo changed her mind and announced that she will run for the May 2004 presidential elections and seek a direct mandate from the people. She explained that, "there is a higher cause to change society...in a way that nourishes our future". With her decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on her lack of word of honor.

As predicted by SWS exit polls, Arroyo won the election by a margin of over one million votes against Poe. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition lawmakers in the National Board of Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the election returns and that insinuations of cheating were raised. On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Arroyo and Noli de Castro as president and vice president, respectively.

Second Term (2004–2010)[link]

2004 Presidential Election rigging allegations[link]

Arroyo taking her Oath of Office for a full term as president in Cebu City on June 30, 2004.

On June 30, 2004, in a break with tradition, Arroyo first delivered her inaugural speech at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila. She then departed for Cebu City for her oath taking, the first time that a Philippine president took the oath of office outside of Luzon.

Allegations of cheating against Arroyo gained momentum one year after the May 2004 elections. In a press conference held on June 10, 2005, Samuel Ong, former deputy director of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as the official talking to Arroyo. According to Ong, the recordings allegedly proved that Arroyo ordered the rigging of the national elections for her to win by around one million votes against Poe.

The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members of her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Arroyo to do the same. On June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the outcome of the elections and declared that she won the elections fairly. Arroyo did not resign despite the pressures coming from various sectors of society.

The Hello Garci controversy became the basis of the impeachment case filed against Arroyo in 2005. Attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year. Another impeachment case was filed against Arroyo in 2006 but was also defeated at the House of representatives.

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment complaint against Arroyo in connection with the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on the revelation of Pampanga Gov. Ed Panlilio that various governors received half a million pesos from Malacañang. The impeachment case, as of the middle of October 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice.

State of Emergency[link]

On February 24, 2006, a plot to take over the government was uncovered by authorities, allegedly headed by Gen. Danilo Lim and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some of his men were arrested. To face the threat posed by enemies of the state, Arroyo issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 (PP 1017) and used it as basis in declaring a state of emergency throughout the Philippines. According to Arroyo, this declaration was done to quell the military rebellion, stop lawless violence, and promote peace and stability. PP 1017 also empowered the government to enforce warrantless arrests and take over strategic private utilities companies.

On February 25, 2006, the police raided the office of the Daily Tribune, a newspaper known as a critic of the Arroyo administration. The government then issued a journalism guidelines to address the threat posed by critics in the media. Presidential Management Staff chief Michael Defensor said that the guidelines were necessary in order to cope with the emergency situation.

The state of emergency existed for about one week with the purpose of curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout the Philippines. The police and the military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Aside from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in connection with their alleged participation in the attempt to overthrow the government. Among those arrested were:

1. Col. Ariel Querubín – leader of a group of Philippine Marines who engaged the government in a political stand-off at Fort Bonifacio on February 25, 2005
2. Randy David – led a protest rally without securing the necessary permit
3. Crispin Beltran – party-list representative of Anakpawis charged with inciting to sedition and rebellion
4. Batasan Five – party-list representatives charged with rebellion and were placed under the custody of the House of Representatives; Bayan Muna's Teodoro Casiño, Satur Ocampo, and Joel Virador; Gabriela's Liza Maza, and Anakpawis' Rafael Mariano

PP 1017 was lifted on March 3, 2006 but members of the opposition, private lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Supreme Court. On May 4, the high court declared the proclamation constitutional. However, it also said that it was illegal for the government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions and companies.

Charter Change[link]

Arroyo currently spearheads a controversial plan for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present unitary and presidential republic with a bicameral legislature into a federal parliamentary government with a unicameral legislature.^[13]

Economy[link]

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in economics, made the Philippine economy the focus of her presidency. Annual economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administration, expanding every quarter of her presidency.^[14] This is higher than in the administrations of her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[15] The Philippine economy grew at its fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real GDP growth exceeding 7%.^[16] The economy was one of the few to avoid contraction during the 2008 global financial crisis, faring better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry.^[14] Arroyo's handling of the economy has earned praise from former US President Bill Clinton, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine economy back in shape.^[17] Despite this growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to a high population growth rate and uneven distribution of income.

A controversial expanded value added tax (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of the Arroyo administration's economic reform agenda, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[18] Her administration originally set a target to balance the national budget by 2010, t. The tax measure boosted confidence in the government's fiscal capacity and helped to strengthen the Philippine peso, making it East Asia's best performing currency in 2005–06.^[19] The peso strengthened by nearly 20% in 2007, making it by far Asia's best performing currency for the year, a fact attributed to a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers and a strong domestic economy.^[20]

Early in her presidency, Arroyo implemented a controversial policy of holiday economics, adjusting holidays to form longer weekends with the purpose of boosting domestic tourism and allowing Filipinos more time with their families.^[21]

Domestic policies[link]

Foreign policies[link]

Public perception[link]

Social Weather Stations quarterly public opinion polling of the net satisfaction rating of President Arroyo.

The Social Weather Stations public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the net satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating minus "dissatisfied" rating") of President Arroyo. She began her presidency in the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction rating of +24. Her rating first dipped into the negative in the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only president to achieve a negative net satisfaction rating in SWS opinion polling. Her rating rebounded well into the positive in 2004, in time for the presidential election where she won election to a new six-year term. However, net satisfaction sunk back into negative territory in the fourth quarter of 2004, and has remained negative since, dipping as low as −38 in the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating in the first quarter of 2009 was −32.^[22]

Post-presidency[link]

House of Representatives[link]

In November 2009, Arroyo formally declared her intention to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga, making her the second Philippine President – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower office after the expiration of their presidency.^[23] A petition seeking to disqualify Arroyo from the race was dismissed by the Comelec for lack of merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Supreme Court.^[24] With little serious competition, she was elected to congress in May 2010 with a landslide victory.^[25] After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony of incoming President Benigno Aquino III, she headed straight to Pampanga for her own oath-taking as congresswoman.^[26]

Despite being considered the strongest contender for Speaker of the House, Arroyo declined to seek the position, hoping instead to take on a role similar to Sonia Gandhi, who was influential as merely the head of her party.^[27] On her first day as a lawmaker, Arroyo and her son Dato filed a resolution calling for Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose amendments to the existing constitution.^[28]

Hospital Arrest[link]

Arroyo was arrested on November 18, 2011 after a Pasay court issued a warrant of arrest against her, following the filing of a complaint for electoral sabotage by the Commission on Elections.^[29] The arrest warrant was served at a St. Luke's Medical Center at Taguig where Arroyo had been confined.^[30][31] Days earlier, the Supreme Court had issued a Resolution enjoining attempts by the Department of Justice to prevent her departure from the Philippines to seek medical treatment overseas.^[32]

She was transferred to the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on December 9, 2011.^[2][3]

Scouting[link]

Arroyo is the Chief Girl Scout of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.^[33]

Health[link]

On July 3, 2009, it was announced that Arroyo had undergone a biopsy to examine lumps discovered in her breast and groin.^[34][35] Press Secretary Cerge Remonde stated that the results of the biopsy were negative.^[34][35] Remonde also denied reports published in the July 3, 2009 editions of the Manila Bulletin and the Philippine Star that Arroyo had undergone surgery for the removal or repair of breast silicone implants.^[34][35][36]

In early 2011 she was diagnosed with cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed to the St. Luke's Medical Center in Global City Taguig July 25, 2011, minutes after the State of the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[37] Doctors performed a 5 hour spine surgery on June 29, 2011^[38] Two more surgeries occured in August 2011 which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism. The House of Representatives under the leadership of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. issued a travel permit allowing her to have treatment in Germany despite the Department of Justice hold departure order.^[39]

Government and political titles[link]

• The Honorable Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Undersecretary of Trade and Industry
• The Honorable Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (1992-1998)
• The Honorable Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (June 30, 1998-October 12, 2000)
• The Honorable Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Vice President of the Philippines (June 30, 1998–January 20, 2001)
• Her Excellency Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, President of the Philippines (January 20, 2001–June 30, 2010)
• The Honorable Representative Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (June 30, 2010 – present)

Honours and awards[link]

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (Japan)
• Member, Council of Women World Leaders
• Don Quixote De La Mancha award from Spain's King Juan Carlos (2010)
• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Japan's Waseda University (2002)^[40]
• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Kyungsung University in Pusan, South Korea. (2005)^[41]
• Honorary doctorate degree from University of San Francisco in California, United States (2004).^[42]
• Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Fordham University (2003)^[43]
• Doctor of Laws, La Trobe University in Australia (2000)^[44]
• Time magazine's "People Who Mattered" list for 2005
• Forbes magazine's 100 Most Powerful Woman in the World (from 2004–2009) – she ranked 4th in the 2005 list^[45]
• Order of Merit of Duarte, Sanchez and Mella – from Dominican Republic President Leonel Fernández (2011)^[46]

References[link]

External links[link]

	Philippines portal
	Biography portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

• House Of Representatives – The 15th Congress – Member Profile
• President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo official website
• Reporter's Notebook: Ang Palasyo Reporter's Notebook Special, December 4, 2007
• Interactive timeline: The life of Gloria Arroyo, by abs-cbnNEWS.com

Links to related articles v t e Gloria Macapagal–Arroyo 14th President of the Philippines Family Eva Macaraeg & Diosdado Macapagal (parents) · Jose Miguel Arroyo (husband)  · Mikey, Luli, & Dato Arroyo (children) · Iggy Arroyo (brother-in-law) · Maria Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo (distant relative) Education Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service · Assumption College · Ateneo de Manila University · University of the Philippines School of Economics Political career Lakas-CMD · Kampi · Senate · Vice-presidency · DSWD secretary Presidency (2001-2010) EDSA II · EDSA III · Insurgency in the Philippines · Visiting Forces Agreement · Operation Freedom Eagle · Oplan Bantay Laya (2001-2010): Extrajudicial killings · Major non-NATO ally · Strong Republic Nautical Highway · Oakwood mutiny · Fertilizer Fund scam · 2004 elections · Hello Garci scandal (timeline) · 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing · Executive Order 464 · Subic rape case · 2006 state of emergency · 2006 Central Mindanao bombings · ULTRA Stampede · 2006 Southern Leyte mudslide · Guimaras oil spill · East Asian Energy Security · Manila Peninsula rebellion · 2007 Central Luzon hog cholera outbreak · 2007 Basilan beheading incident · 2007 elections · Batasang Pambansa bombing  · Euro Generals · NBN/ZTE scandal · Northrail controversy · ASEAN charter · July 2009 Mindanao bombings · 2009 Sulu kidnapping crisis · 2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines (regions) · National Artist controversy · Lakas-Kampi-CMD merger · Typhoon Ondoy · Le Cirque dinner scandal · Maguindanao massacre · 2010 elections Related Senators of the Philippines · Vice-Presidents of the Philippines · SONA · Constituent assembly · Constitutional convention Predecessor: Joseph Ejercito Estrada, 13th President of the Philippines Successor: Benigno S. Aquino III, 15th President of the Philippines v t e PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES First Republic Emilio Aguinaldo Commonwealth Manuel L. Quezon • Sergio Osmeña • Manuel Roxas Second Republic José P. Laurel Third Republic Manuel Roxas • Elpidio Quirino • Ramon Magsaysay • Carlos P. Garcia • Diosdado Macapagal • Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic Ferdinand Marcos Fifth Republic Corazon Aquino • Fidel V. Ramos • Joseph Estrada • Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo • Benigno Aquino III v t e Vice Presidents of the Philippines Mariano Trías Sergio Osmeña Elpidio Quirino Fernando Lopez Carlos P. Garcia Diosdado Macapagal Emmanuel Pelaez Fernando Lopez Arturo Tolentino Salvador Laurel Joseph Ejercito Estrada Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Teofisto Guingona, Jr. Noli de Castro Jejomar Binay v t e Vice Presidents Succeeding Presidents Sergio Osmeña · Elpidio Quirino · Carlos P. Garcia · Diosdado Macapagal · Joseph Estrada · Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo