Railroad name	BNSF Railway
Logo filename	BNSF Railway logo.png
Logo size	174
System map	BNSF Railway system map.svg
Map size	300
Map caption	System map (trackage rights in purple)
Marks	BNSF
Local e	Midwest and Western United States
Start year	1996
End year	''present''
Length	at end of 2008 0.01% from 2007
Hq city	Fort Worth, Texas
Website	http://www.bnsf.com }}

The BNSF Railway is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., and is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is one of seven North American Class I transcontinental railroads and the second largest freight railroad network in North America, second only to the Union Pacific Railroad, its primary competitor for Western U.S. freight.

It was formed December 31, 1996, as the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway, when the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (often called the "Santa Fe") was merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad. In 1999, BNSF and the Canadian National Railway announced their intention to merge and form a new corporation entitled the North American Railways to be headquartered in Montreal, Canada. The United States' Surface Transportation Board (STB) placed a fifteen-month moratorium on all rail mergers, which ended this merger. On January 24, 2005, the railroad's name was officially changed to "BNSF Railway," using the initials of its original name.

BNSF Railway is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation, the holding company formed by the September 22, 1995, merger of Burlington Northern, Incorporated, and the Santa Fe Pacific Corporation. According to corporate press releases, the BNSF Railway is among the top transporters of intermodal freight in North America. It also hauls enough coal to generate roughly ten percent of the electricity produced in the United States. The company's three transcontinental routes provide a high-speed link between the western and eastern United States.

On November 3, 2009, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway announced that it would acquire the remaining 77.4 percent of BNSF that it didn't already own for $100 per share in cash and stock - a deal valued at $44 billion. The company is investing an estimated $34 billion in BNSF and acquiring $10 billion in debt. On February 12, 2010, shareholders of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation voted in favor of the acquisition.

Operations

Markets and services

With BNSF's large system, it hauls many different commodities, most notably coal and grain, as well as intermodal freight.

Predecessor Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) entered Wyoming's low-sulfur coal-rich Powder River Basin in the 1970s through construction of the Powder River Basin Joint Line with Union Pacific Railroad predecessor Chicago and North Western Transportation Company. Coal goes north in unit trains on the three-to-four-track Joint Line to Gillette or south to Orin, where older BN lines and other railroads take it in all directions to coal-burning power plants.

BNSF serves over 1,500 grain elevators, located mostly in the Midwest on former BN lines. Depending on where the markets are, this grain may move in any direction in unit trains, or wait in silos for demand to rise. Most commonly, grain may move west on the Northern Transcon to the Pacific Northwest and its export terminals, or south to Texas and Gulf of Mexico ports.

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's main contribution to BNSF was the Southern Transcon, a fast intermodal corridor connecting Southern California and Chicago. Most traffic is either trailers of trucking companies such as intermodal partner J. B. Hunt, or containers from the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles. The latter begins its trip on the triple-track Alameda Corridor, shared with the Union Pacific Railroad, and then follows BNSF rails from downtown Los Angeles. Its route, the Southern Transcon, has been almost completely double-tracked, and triple-tracking has begun in areas such as Cajon Pass.

Finances

Name	BNSF Railway Company
Foundation	December 31, 1996 in Delaware as Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway
Num employees	38,000+
Revenue	$18,132,372,000 14%
Operating income	$3,823,703,000 12%
Net income	$2,397,016,000 17%
Assets	$35,702,439,000 8%
Equity	$18,111,029,000 5%
Parent	Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation
Key people	Matthew K. Rose (chairman, president, and CEO) }}

Trackage

The BNSF Railway directly owns and operates track in 27 U.S. states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. The railway also operates a small amount of track in Canada, including an approximate 30-mile (48 kilometer) section that runs from the U.S.-Canada border to Vancouver, a yard in Winnipeg, and approximately 70 miles of joint track with the Canadian National Railway, which runs south to the U.S. border.

For administrative purposes, BNSF is divided into fourteen operating divisions: California, Chicago, Colorado, Gulf, Kansas, Los Angeles, Montana, Nebraska, Northwest, Powder River, Southwest, Springfield, Texas, and Twin Cities. Each division is further divided into hundreds of subdivisions, which represent segments of track ranging from 300-mile mainlines to 10-mile branch-lines.

Not including second, third and fourth main-line trackage, yard trackage, and siding trackage, BNSF directly owns and operates over 24,000 miles (38,624 kilometers) of track. When these additional tracks are counted, the length of track which the railway directly controls rises to more than 50,000 miles (80,467 kilometers).

Additionally, BNSF Railway has gained trackage rights on more than 8,000 miles (12,875 kilometers) of track throughout the United States and Canada. These rights allow the BNSF to operate its own trains with its own crews on competing railroads' main tracks. BNSF locomotives also occasionally show up on competitors' tracks throughout the United States and Canada by way of leases, mileage equalizations, and other contractual arrangements.

Yards and facilities

BNSF operates various facilities all over the United States to support its transportation system. Facilities operated by the railway include yards and terminals throughout its rail network, system locomotive shops to perform locomotive service and maintenance, a centralized operations center for train dispatching and network operations monitoring in Fort Worth, and regional dispatching centers.

BNSF Railway also operates numerous transfer facilities throughout the western United States to facilitate the transfer of intermodal containers, trailers, and other freight traffic. BNSF Railway has direct control over a total of 33 intermodal hubs and 23 automotive distribution facilities. On February 9, 2005, BNSF announced that it plans to build a new intermodal transfer facility near the port of Los Angeles called the Southern California International Gateway. The new facility, with direct rail access to the recently constructed Alameda Corridor, would supplement the container transloading abilities of the Intermodal Container Transfer Facility (ICTF) built by Southern Pacific in the 1990s.

Large freight car hump yards are also scattered throughout the BNSF system. In 2005, Argentine Yard in Kansas City, Kansas processed the most freight cars. Further on, there is a list of currently operating BNSF Hump Yards.

The BNSF mechanical division operates eight locomotive maintenance facilities that perform preventive maintenance, repairs and servicing of equipment. The largest of these facilities are located in Alliance, Nebraska and Topeka, Kansas. The mechanical division also controls 46 additional facilities responsible for car maintenance and daily running repairs.

The BNSF system mechanical division, a subset of the mechanical division, operates two maintenance-of-way work equipment shops, responsible for performing repairs and preventive maintenance to BNSF's track and equipment, in Brainerd, Minnesota and Galesburg, Illinois. The system mechanical division also operates the Western Fruit Express Company's refrigerated car repair shop in Spokane, Washington.

In 2006, BNSF teamed with Vancouver, WA-based Tri Star to run BNSF's new transload facility in Fontana, CA, near the California Speedway.

BNSF operates hump yards in several cities:

Barstow, California - Barstow Yard

Galesburg, Illinois - Galesburg Yard

Kansas City, Kansas - Argentine Yard

Memphis, Tennessee - Tennessee Yard

Minneapolis, Minnesota - Northtown Yard

Pasco, Washington - Pasco Yard

Seattle, Washington - Balmer Yard

Tulsa, Oklahoma - Cherokee Yard

Lincoln, Nebraska - Hobson Yard

Routes

The Northern Transcon runs from Seattle to Chicago. It is the most northerly route of any railroad in the continental United States. The route is a combination of parts of the old Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway.

The Southern Transcon runs from Los Angeles to Chicago. The 2006 ''BNSF Annual Report'' states: "We also added about 33 miles of second main track on our main line between Chicago and Los Angeles. All but 51 miles of this high-volume 2,200-mile route were double track, as of the end of 2006. Last year, we ran 100 trains per day on this expanded main line, compared with 60 per day in 2000." Technically, it is not double tracked in mid-Kansas where two routes are used: Mulvane to Wichita to Newton to Emporia for primarily eastbound traffic; Emporia to El Dorado to Augusta to Mulvane for primarily westbound traffic. In 2008, BNSF completed nearly sixteen miles of a third main track through Cajon Pass in Southern California, increasing capacity on the transcontinental main route between Chicago and Los Angeles from 100 to 150 trains per day. BNSF started adding a second main track in Abo Canyon (east of Belen, New Mexico) the largest bottleneck on the Transcon with grading in 2008-2009, bridges in 2010 and signal work in late 2010 or early 2011. Approximately 1.7 million cubic yards of rock need to be excavated, mostly by blasting. The 2008 ''BNSF Annual Report'' states: "Following completion of the Abo Canyon project scheduled in 2011, our 2,200‑mile Transcontinental Corridor between Southern California and Chicago will have only about 30 miles of single track."

The Powder River Basin supplies forty percent of the coal in the United States. The 2008 ''BNSF Annual Report'' states that the quadruple track project was completed.

Operating divisions

The BNSF system is divided into thirteen divisions, which are grouped into three regions. Each division includes numerous subdivisions, normally comprising a single main line and branches. A fourteenth division, Colorado, has been consolidated with the Powder River Division, except for the Casper and Cody Subdivisions, which were transferred to the Montana Division. {|class="wikitable sortable" !Region !Division !States and provinces !Headquarters !Subdivisions !Notes |- |South |California |California, Nevada, Utah |San Bernardino, CA |Bakersfield, Cajon, Lucerne Valley, Mojave, Needles, San Bernardino, San Diego, Stockton | |- |South |Chicago |Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin |Chicago, IL |Aurora, Barstow, Brookfield, Chicago, Chillicothe, Marceline, Mendota, Ottumwa, Peoria, St. Croix, Thomas Hill | |- |Central |Gulf |Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas |Spring, TX |Bay City, Conroe, Galveston, Houston, Lafayette, Lampasas, Longview, Mykawa, Silsbee | |- |South |Kansas |Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas |Kansas City, KS |Arkansas City, Douglass, Emporia, Hereford, La Junta, Panhandle, Plainview, Slaton, Strong City, Topeka | |- |South |Los Angeles |California |Los Angeles, CA |Alameda Corridor, Harbor, San Bernardino | |- |North |Montana |Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming |Billings, MT |Big Sandy, Broadview, Casper, Choteau, Circle, Cody, Colstrip, Crosby, Dickinson, Fairfield, Forsyth, Ft. Benton, Glasgow, Great Falls, Grenora, Helena, Hettinger, Hi Line, Kootenai River, Laurel, Lewistown, Milk River, Mobridge, Niobe, Sarpy Line, Sweet Grass, Valier | |- |Central |Nebraska |Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska |Lincoln, NE |Bayard, Beatrice, Bellwood, Council Bluffs, Creston, Des Moines, Giltner, Hastings, Lester, Napier, Neb City, Omaha, Ottumwa, Ravenna, Sioux City, St. Joseph, Wymore | |- |North |Northwest |British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington |Seattle, WA |Bellingham, Burbank, Cherry Point, Coeur d'Alene, Columbia River, Fallbridge, Gateway, Kettle Falls, Lakeside, Newport, New Westminster, Oregon Trunk, Scenic, Seattle, Spokane, Stampede, Sumas, Yakima Valley | |- |Central |Powder River |Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming |Gillette, WY |Akron, Angora, Big Horn, Black Hills, Boise City, Brush, Butte, Campbell, Canyon, Dalhart, Dutch, Front Range, Golden, Orin, Pikes Peak, Pueblo, Reno, Sand Hills, Spanish Peaks, Twin Peaks, Valley | |- |South |Southwest |Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas |Belen, NM |Clovis, Coronado, Defiance, El Paso, Ennis, Gallup, Glorieta, Lee Ranch, Phoenix, Raton, Seligman, Springerville | |- |Central |Springfield |Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee |Springfield, MO |Afton, Amory, Avard, Beardstown, Birmingham, Cherokee, Cuba, Fort Scott, Hannibal, Lead Line, River, Thayer North, Thayer South, Yates City |Includes most of the former St. Louis-San Francisco Railway |- |Central |Texas |Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas |Alliance, TX |BBRX, Chickasha, Creek, DFW, Ft. Worth, Madill, Red River Valley, Red Rock, Sooner, Venus, Wichita Falls | |- |North |Twin Cities |Iowa, Manitoba, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin |Minneapolis, MN |Aberdeen, Allouez, Appleton, Brainerd, Browns Valley, Canton, Casco, Clifford Line, Corson, Devils Lake, Drayton, Glasston, Grand Forks, Hanley Falls, Hannah, Hib Tac, Hillsboro, Hinckley, Hunter, Jamestown, KO, Lakes, Madison, Marshall, Mayville, Midway, Mitchell, Monticello, Moorhead, Morris, Noyes, P Line, Prosper, Rolla, Staples, St. Paul, Warwick, Watertown, Wayzata, Westhope, Zap Line | |}

Passenger train service

The BNSF Railway hosts commuter trains: BNSF Railway Line, Metrolink (Southern California), New Mexico Rail Runner Express, Northstar Commuter Rail, and Sounder (Puget Sound).

Many Amtrak routes use BNSF rails: the ''Amtrak Cascades'', ''California Zephyr'', ''Carl Sandburg'', ''Coast Starlight'', ''Empire Builder'', ''Heartland Flyer'', ''Illinois Zephyr'', ''Lincoln Service'', ''Pacific Surfliner'', ''San Joaquin'', ''Southwest Chief'', ''Sunset Limited'', and ''Texas Eagle''.

Safety

As one of the leading supporters of the Operation Lifesaver program to promote safety at railway crossings and right-of-ways, the BNSF Railway, in 2000, established a grade-crossing closure program. This program, in which BNSF works with communities and landowners to identify crossings that are unnecessary or redundant, has helped close more than 2,900 of BNSF's railway crossings throughout the United States. Due to the program, BNSF has been the industry leader in lowering the number of grade-crossing collisions.

On June 7, 2006, BNSF became the first Class I railroad to recruit railfans to help ensure the company's rail network remains safe. Called the Citizens for Rail Security (CRS), BNSF designed a program that encourages railfans to register on an official company website. They can print out a small identification card, containing a list of general safety guidelines for a railfan to follow, as well as a toll-free telephone number to alert a BNSF representative of suspicious activities or potential security breaches. As of April 2010, CRS had more than 9,200 members.

BNSF has had a similar program for employees since 2003. The BNSF On Guard program has been highly successful, with more than 200 employees reporting suspicious activities since its inception.

BNSF also contracts with [News Link], a small business in Lincoln, Nebraska, to publish employee newsletters focused on safety for each of the railroad's fourteen operating divisions and nearly all of its system shops. These newsletters vary in length from four to twenty-eight pages, published ranging from monthly to quarterly.

Equipment

According to the 2007 ''BNSF Annual Report'', at the end of 2007 the railway had more than 40,000 employees; 6,400 locomotives; and 85,338 freight cars.

Broken down by specific kind of car, the BNSF owned:

* 36,439 covered hoppers

* 13,690 gondolas

* 11,428 open hoppers

* 10,470 flatcars

* 7,948 boxcars

* 4,196 refrigerated "reefer" cars

* 427 tank cars

* 416 automobile carriers

* 324 "other" types of cars

In addition, the railway also owned:

* 3,253 domestic containers

* 11,714 domestic chassis

* 4,070 company service vehicles

* 1,200 trailers

* 163 commuter passenger cars

At the end of 2007, the average age (from date of manufacture) was fifteen years for the BNSF's locomotive fleet and fourteen years for the freight car fleet.

On January 24, 2006, BNSF announced a $2.4 billion program of infrastructure upgrades for 2006. The upgrade program includes: double- and triple-tracking of track and a second mainline track through New Mexico's Abo Canyon on the former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway transcontinental line; expanding the Lincoln, Nebraska, classification yard and double- and triple-tracking of track in Wyoming's Powder River Basin region; expansions at eight of the railroad's larger intermodal facilities, and extending many sidings and expanding and improving refueling facilities. In making the announcement, BNSF chairman Matthew K. Rose cited improvements in the company's return on invested capital, and expressed hope for continued improvement. In March, 2008, the railroad was completing the triple-tracking of Cajon Pass in California, creating four tracks through the pass—three BNSF (former Santa Fe and newly installed) and one Union Pacific (former Southern Pacific).

History

BNSF's history dates back to 1849, when the Aurora Branch Railroad in Illinois and the Pacific Railroad of Missouri were formed. The Aurora Branch eventually grew into the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, (CB&Q;), a major component of predecessor Burlington Northern. A portion of the Pacific Railroad became the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco).

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF) was chartered in 1859. It built one of the first transcontinental railroads in North America, linking Chicago and Southern California; major branches led to Texas, Denver, and San Francisco. The Interstate Commerce Commission denied a proposed merger with the Southern Pacific Transportation Company in the 1980s.

The Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) was created in 1970 through the consolidation of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, the Great Northern Railway, the Northern Pacific Railway and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. It absorbed the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco) in 1980. Its main lines included Chicago-Seattle with branches to Texas (ex-Burlington) and Montgomery, Alabama (ex-Frisco), and access to the low-sulfur coal of Wyoming's Powder River Basin.

On June 30, 1994, BN and ATSF announced plans to merge; they were the largest and smallest (by mileage) of the "Super Seven," the seven largest of the then-twelve U.S. Class I railroads. The long-rumored announcement was delayed by a disagreement over the disposition of Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation, a gold mining subsidiary that ATSF agreed to sell to stockholders. This announcement began the next wave of mergers, as the "Super Seven" were merged down to four in the next five years. The Illinois Central Railroad and Kansas City Southern Railway (KCS), two of the five "small" Class Is, announced on July 19 that the former would buy the latter, but this plan was called off on October 25. The Union Pacific Railroad (UP), another major Western system, started a bidding war with BN for control of the SF on October 5. The UP gave up on January 31, 1995, paving the way for the BN-ATSF merger. Subsequently, the UP acquired the Southern Pacific Transportation Company (SP) in 1996, and Eastern systems CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railway split the Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) in 1998-1999.

On February 7, 1995, BN and ATSF heads Gerald Grinstein and Robert D. Krebs both announced that shareholders had approved the plan, which would save overhead costs and combine BN's coal and ATSF's intermodal strengths. Although the two systems complemented each other with little overlap, in contrast to the Santa Fe-Southern Pacific merger, which failed because it would have eliminated competition in many areas of the Southwest, BN and ATSF came to agreements with most other Class Is to keep them from opposing the merger. UP was satisfied with a single segment of trackage rights from Abilene, Kansas to Superior, Nebraska, which BN and ATSF had both served. KCS gained haulage rights to several Midwest locations including Omaha, East St. Louis, and Memphis, in exchange for BNSF getting similar access to New Orleans. SP, initially requesting far-reaching trackage rights throughout the West, soon agreed on a reduced plan, whereby SP acquired trackage rights on ATSF for intermodal and automotive traffic to Chicago, and other trackage rights on ATSF in Kansas, south to Texas, and between Colorado and Texas. In exchange, SP assigned BNSF trackage rights over the ex-Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad between El Paso and Topeka and haulage rights to the Mexican border at Eagle Pass, Texas. Regional Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway also obtained trackage rights over BN from Peoria to Galesburg, Illinois, a BN hub where it could interchange with SP (which had rights on BN dating from 1990). The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) approved the BNSF merger on July 20, 1995 (with final approval on August 23), less than a month before UP announced on August 3 that it would acquire SP. Parents Burlington Northern Inc. and Santa Fe Pacific Corporation were acquired on September 22, 1995 by the new Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. The merger of the operating companies was held up by issues with unions; ATSF merged on December 31, 1996 into BN, which was renamed The Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company. Thus the present BNSF Railway Company (name adopted January 24, 2005) dates back to the January 13, 1961 incorporation in Delaware of BN as "Great Northern Pacific & Burlington Lines, Inc."

The Union Pacific-Southern Pacific merger further enlarged the combined BNSF network. Unlike BN and ATSF, UP and SP had significant overlap, where competition between the two would become a monopoly. UP and BNSF announced in late September 1995 that, in exchange for BNSF not opposing the merger, it would obtain ownership of of line and about of trackage rights to reach these "two-to-one" shippers. Significant additions included rights over SP's Central Corridor from Denver via the Moffat Tunnel and Salt Lake City, and over Donner Pass, to the San Francisco Bay Area, with an alternate route through the Feather River Canyon along UP. The ATSF trackage in California's Central Valley was linked to BN's line into Oregon, through trackage rights over UP between Stockton and Keddie and acquisition of UP's section of the "Inside Gateway" to the beginning of BN trackage at Bieber. In Texas, BNSF received rights in several directions from the Houston area: west over UP to San Antonio, with a branch to Waco, and continuing over SP to Eagle Pass (replacing the haulage rights they had just obtained); south over UP to Brownsville; east over SP to New Orleans (including the purchase of this line east of Lake Charles); and northeast over SP to Memphis with a branch on UP to Little Rock. Ownership of a short connection between Waxahachie and Dallas also went from UP to BNSF. UP, in return, got a few short sections of trackage rights over BNSF, mainly connecting the SP at Chemult to the UP at Bend, Oregon, and connecting the SP at Mojave with existing UP rights on ATSF at Barstow, California. On April 18, 1996, UP, BNSF, and the Chemical Manufacturers Association entered into an agreement giving BNSF rights over the UP line between Houston and East St. Louis, paralleling the Houston-Memphis SP line, and allowing BNSF to participate in the UP's plan for directional running, in which each line would serve through trains in only one direction. The Surface Transportation Board, successor to the ICC, approved the UP-SP merger on July 3, and UP control of SP took effect on September 11, 1996. BNSF trackage rights operations began on the Central Corridor on October 10, and soon thereafter on other lines.

BNSF continued projects started by its predecessors, most notably BN's work on reopening Stampede Pass. BN had closed Stampede Pass, the Northern Pacific Railway's main line across Washington, in 1984, in favor of the ex-Great Northern Railway's Stevens Pass. BN never abandoned the line and began rehabilitating it in early 1996, and the route reopened in early December, relieving the crowded Stevens Pass. The ex-ATSF main line, now known as the Southern Transcon, has also seen steady work to add tracks, giving BNSF more capacity on this major intermodal route.

On December 20, 1999, BNSF and the recently privatized Canadian National Railway announced plans (STB Finance Docket No. 33842) to combine as subsidiaries of a new holding company, North American Railways, which would control about of railroad. With CN's lines located primarily in Canada and, through subsidiary Illinois Central Railroad, on a north-south corridor near BNSF's eastern edge, the two systems had little overlap. The combination would benefit both companies by expanding available cash for capacity improvements, and allowing for longer single-system movements. Shippers and the Surface Transportation Board expressed concern and surprise about the timing, since the merger that produced BNSF had been the only one in the 1990s that did not cause severe deterioration in service. The STB imposed on March 17, 2000 a 15-month moratorium (STB Ex Parte No. 582) on mergers involving any two Class I railroads, citing widespread opposition not only to the merger but its effects, likely starting the final round of mergers into two big systems. BNSF and CN immediately turned to the U.S. Court of Appeals, which on July 14 ruled that the STB's right to regulate mergers allowed a moratorium, and the two railroads called off the merger. The STB released its final rules (STB Ex Parte No. 582 (Sub-No. 1)) on June 11, 2001, requiring any new application to merge two Class I railroads, with the exception of smaller Kansas City Southern Railway, to demonstrate that competition would be preserved and address effects of defensive moves by other carriers. Since then, no Class I mergers have taken place.

On November 3, 2009, Warren Buffett said Berkshire Hathaway would buy BNSF for $44 billion. The acquisition was approved by the boards of both companies and was approved by BNSF shareholders on February 12, 2010.

Public image

The assortment of colors used on the BNSF makes it one of the most colorful large railroads in North America. Many locomotives are painted in "Heritage" schemes, which are primarily based on the Great Northern Railway's colors of orange and dark green. Other designs include the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's silver-and-red "Warbonnet", and a modified version of the "Heritage II" scheme with BNSF's new logo (adopted in 2005) and black rather than dark green. Some older units continue to bear the Grinstein Green and Crème of predecessor Burlington Northern Railroad or the Santa Fe's blue and yellow.

The first locomotive to bear BNSF lettering was BN SD70MAC No. 9647, introduced in late August 1995, just as the Interstate Commerce Commission was approving the merger. VMV Paducahbilt in Paducah, Kentucky painted it in a one-of-a-kind "commemorative" scheme, combining ATSF's "Warbonnet" with BN's "Executive" colors of dark "Grinstein green" and cream (instead of SF's red and silver). "BNSF" replaced "SANTA FE" on the front of the unit, and "Burlington Northern Santa Fe" was painted on the side. Dubbed as "Premium Heritage," the paint scheme was widely rejected by the public, and was often called the "Vomit Bonnet."

The BN however, did not stop using its "Executive" colors on its current order of EMD SD70MACs. Experimenting with distributed power equipment in 1995, four units (9713–9716) were built between June and July 1995; making these units numbered ahead of the current production order (9617-9645). On December 28, 1995, SD70MAC 9708 emerged from the EMD London, Ontario facility as the last unit for the Burlington Northern in 1995. However, units 9709 and 9710 were completed shortly thereafter and did not appear somewhere between January 1 and January 8. Originally believed that units 9711 and 9712 would emerge as BN 9711 and 9712 to fill in the gap between 9710 and 9713, these units were the very first locomotives to carry a short-lived font of "BNSF" along the carbodies, yet retaining the executive scheme without any major modifications. At that point, 9710 was now deemed as the very last new locomotive delivered to the Burlington Northern.

By January 1996, BNSF had begun painting locomotives in the old BN and ATSF schemes but with "BNSF" on the side. Then, in late May, the company introduced a new design on BN SD60M 9297 (now 8197), painted mainly in BN predecessor Great Northern Railway's pre-1967 colors of orange and dark "Pullman green," but also incorporating red and silver, and said to represent all three major BN predecessors and the ATSF. On the front was a new logo, placing "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway" in the old ATSF cross. Some of the striping details were different on each side, and employees voted for the simpler right-side design, which, with some minor changes, became the new scheme, replacing the old BN colors. However, president and CEO Robert Krebs said the railroad was big enough for two designs, and the ATSF "Warbonnet" (with "BNSF" instead of "Santa Fe" on the front) remained alongside the new "Heritage I" scheme. A third "Heritage II" scheme appeared by September 1998, with "Warbonnet"-style yellow trim and BNSF nosepiece replacing the new logo. As for test locomotive No. 9297 (now 8197), when a passing crew saw its prominent orange, it was jokingly dubbed the "Great Pumpkin," a name that has stuck among railfans for that particular unit.

On January 24, 2005, as part of its tenth anniversary celebration, the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway was renamed BNSF Railway, which adopted a new logo. By March, the logo had been applied to the sides and fronts of six ES44DCs, which were otherwise painted in the "Heritage II" scheme, except with black replacing dark green. Slight differences were present on the six locomotives, and on April 11 BNSF officially chose the design it had applied to No. 7701. The most notable difference was on 7695, which features the logo in yellow rather than black. Other unique locomotives include Dash 9-44CW 4723, with stickers announcing its presence in Microsoft Train Simulator.

See also

BNSF Police Department, the law enforcement agency responsible for policing BNSF trackage and property

References

BNSF Railway (January 24, 2005), BNSF Adopts New Corporate and Subsidiary Logos and Changes Name of Railway Subsidiary as Part of Tenth Anniversary Celebration. Retrieved January 25, 2005.

BNSF Railway (February 9, 2005), Port of Los Angeles begins discussions with BNSF Railway Company on new intermodal facility. Retrieved February 10, 2005.

External links

BNSF

Citizens for Rail Security

List and Family Trees of North American Railroads

Category:Berkshire Hathaway Category:Railway companies established in 1996 Category:Companies based in Fort Worth, Texas Category:Transportation in Fort Worth, Texas Category:Alabama railroads Category:Arizona railroads Category:Arkansas railroads Category:California railroads Category:British Columbia railways Category:Colorado railroads Category:Idaho railroads Category:Illinois railroads Category:Iowa railroads Category:Kansas railroads Category:Kentucky railroads Category:Louisiana railroads Category:Manitoba railways Category:Minnesota railroads Category:Mississippi railroads Category:Missouri railroads Category:Montana railroads Category:Nebraska railroads Category:Nevada railroads Category:New Mexico railroads Category:North Dakota railroads Category:Oklahoma railroads Category:Oregon railroads Category:South Dakota railroads Category:Tennessee railroads Category:Texas railroads Category:Utah railroads Category:Washington (state) railroads Category:Wisconsin railroads Category:Wyoming railroads Category:Railroads in the Chicago Switching District Category:Class I railroads in North America Category:Companies operating former Canadian Pacific Railway lines Category:Companies operating former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad lines Category:Companies operating former Chicago and North Western Transportation Company lines Category:Companies operating former Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad lines Category:Companies operating former Illinois Central Railroad lines Category:Companies operating former Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad lines Category:Companies operating former Southern Pacific Transportation Company lines Category:Companies operating former Western Pacific Railroad lines Category:Defunct Florida railroads Category:Mojave Desert Category:Railway lines in Chicago, Illinois

cs:BNSF de:BNSF Railway es:Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) fr:Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway ko:BNSF철도 it:BNSF Railway hu:BNSF nl:BNSF Railway ja:BNSF鉄道 no:Burlington Northern Santa Fe pt:BNSF Railway ru:BNSF Railway sl:BNSF Railway fi:BNSF Railway sv:BNSF uk:BNSF Railway

Name	Leonard Wood
Birth date	October 09, 1860
Death date	August 07, 1927
Birth place	Winchester, New Hampshire
Death place	Boston, Massachusetts
Placeofburial	Arlington National Cemetery
Placeofburial label	Place of burial
Allegiance	United States of America
Branch	United States Army
Serviceyears	1885-1921
Rank	Major General
Commands	Chief of Staff of the United States Army
Battles	Spanish-American WarPhilippine-American War
Awards	Medal of Honor
Laterwork	Governor General of Cuba }}

Leonard Wood (October 9, 1860 – August 7, 1927) was a physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines. Early in his military career, he received the Medal of Honor. Wood also holds officer service #2 in the Regular Army (John Pershing holds officer service #1). He was responsible for the 1906 Moro Crater massacre.

Biography

Early life and career

Born in Winchester, New Hampshire, he attended Pierce Academy in Middleborough, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, earning an M.D. degree in 1884 as an intern at Boston City Hospital.

He took a position as an Army contract physician in 1885, and was stationed at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Wood participated in the last campaign against Geronimo in 1886, and was awarded the Medal of Honor, in 1898, for carrying dispatches 100 miles through hostile territory and for commanding an infantry detachment whose officers had been lost.

While stationed at Fort McPherson in Atlanta, Georgia in 1893, Wood enrolled in graduate school at Georgia Tech, then known as the Georgia School of Technology, and became the school's second football coach and, as a player, its team captain. Wood led the team to its first ever football victory, 28 to 6, over the University of Georgia.

Spanish-American War

Wood was personal physician to Presidents Grover Cleveland and William McKinley through 1898. It was during this period he developed a friendship with Theodore Roosevelt, then Assistant Secretary of the Navy. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Wood, with Roosevelt, organized the 1st Volunteer Cavalry regiment, popularly known as the Rough Riders. Wood commanded the regiment in a successful engagement known as the Battle of Las Guasimas. When brigade commander, Samuel B. M. Young became ill, Wood received a field promotion to brigadier general of volunteers and assumed command of the 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division, V Corps (which included the Rough Riders) and led the brigade to a famous victory at Kettle Hill and San Juan Heights. After San Juan, Wood led the 2nd Cavalry Brigade for the rest of the war; he stayed in Cuba after the war and was appointed the Military Governor of Santiago in 1898, and of Cuba from 1899–1902. In that capacity, he relied on his medical experience to institute improvements to the medical and sanitary conditions in Cuba. He also ordered the incarceration of Dr. Manuel M. Coronado, director of ''La Discusión'' newspaper and Jesus Castellanos, caricaturist of the newspaper because Jesus Castellanos drew a cartoon that was published on April 12, 1901, in the Cuban paper ''La Discusión''. The cartoon showed "The Cuban People" represented by a crucified Jesus Christ between two thieves, General Wood and American President William McKinley. Cuban public opinion was depicted by Mary Magdalene on her knees crying at the foot of the cross and Senator Platt, depicted as a Roman soldier, is holding a spear that says "The Platt Amendment" on it. Governor Wood, who saw in Castellanos's drawing an unfriendly gesture toward the United States, had both men arrested for criminal libel and held in the Vivac prison of Havana, and the offices of ''La Discusión'' newspaper were sealed (Wood was persuaded to release them on the following day). He was promoted to brigadier general of regulars shortly before moving to his next assignment.

Philippine-American War

In 1902, he proceeded to the Philippines, where he served in the capacity of commander of the Philippines Division and later as commander of the Department of the East. He was promoted to major general in 1903, and served as governor of Moro province from 1903–1906. During this period, he was in charge of several bloody campaigns against Muslim Moro natives, including personally leading the Moro Crater massacre in 1906. He called for the extermination of all Filipino Muslims since, according to him, they were irretrievably fanatical.

Army Chief of Staff

Wood had known Theodore Roosevelt well before the Spanish-American War. Wood was named Army Chief of Staff in 1910 by President Taft, whom he had met while both were in the Philippines; he remains the only medical officer to have ever held that position. As Chief of Staff, Wood implemented several programs, among which were the forerunner of the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program, and the Preparedness Movement, a campaign for universal military training and wartime conscription. The Preparedness Movement plan was scrapped in favor of the Selective Service System, shortly before World War I. He developed the Mobile Army, thus laying the groundwork for American success in World War I. He created the General Staff Corps.

World War I

In 1914, Wood was replaced as Chief of Staff by William Wotherspoon. Wood was a strong advocate of the Preparedness Movement, led by Republicans, which alienated him from President Wilson. With the US entry into World War I, Wood was recommended by Republicans, in particular Henry Cabot Lodge, to be the U.S. field commander; however, War Secretary Newton Baker instead appointed John J. Pershing, amid much controversy. During the war, Wood was, instead, put in charge of the training of the 10th and 89th Infantry Divisions, both at Camp Funston. In 1915, he published ''The Military Obligation of Citizenship'', and in 1916 ''Our Military History''.

Republican politics

Wood was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the election of 1920. He was urged into running by the family and supporters of his old friend Theodore Roosevelt, who had himself been considering another campaign before his illness and death in 1919. He won the New Hampshire primary that year, but lost at the convention. Among the reasons why he did not become the candidate were rivals for the nomination, his obvious political inexperience, and the strong support he gave for the anti-Communist strategy of Democratic Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer to defeat radical subversion. After the major candidates deadlocked, the nomination went to Warren G. Harding.

Philippines

He retired from the Army in 1921, and was made Governor General of the Philippines, in which capacity he served from 1921 to 1927.

Wood died in Boston, Massachusetts after undergoing surgery for a recurrent brain tumor. He had initially been diagnosed in 1910 with a benign meningioma brought on by exposure to experimental weapons refuse. This was resected by Harvey Cushing at that time, and Wood made a full recovery until the tumor later recurred. The successful removal of Wood's brain tumor represented an important milestone, indicating to the public the advances that had been made in the nascent field of neurosurgery, and extending Wood's life by almost two decades.

He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His brain is held at the Yale University School of Medicine as part of an historic collection of Harvey Cushing's patients' preserved brains.

Legacy

Camp Leonard Wood in Missouri, now Fort Leonard Wood, home of the United States Army Combat Engineer School, Chemical School, Military Police School, and USAF 366 TRS Det 7 was named in his honor, as was the .

Leonard Wood Road in Baguio City, Philippines was named in his honor. A Public Elementary School in Barangay Jagobiao, Mandaue City, Philippines (inside Eversley Childs Sanitarium compound) was also named after him.

Ft. Leonard Wood is also a major TRADOC post for Basic Combat Training (BCT), home of the 10th Infantry Regiment.

Wood Street corner Gov. Lim Avenue in Zamboanga City, Philippines was also named in his nobility.

He is portrayed favorably in the 1997 miniseries "Rough Riders" by actor and former United States Marine Dale Dye.

Leonard Wood was portrayed in a less favorable light by Mark Twain and others for his part in leading the Moro Crater massacre in 1906.

A plaque in Wood's memory is found in Harvard University's Memorial Church.

Medal of Honor citation

Voluntarily carried dispatches through a region infested with hostile Indians, making a journey of 70 miles in one night and walking 30 miles the next day. Also for several weeks, while in close pursuit of Geronimo's band and constantly expecting an encounter, commanded a detachment of Infantry, which was then without an officer, and to the command of which he was assigned upon his own request.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients

List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s - 19 April 1926

References

Citations

Other sources

Hermann Hagedorn, ''Leonard Wood, a Biography'' 2 vol 1931

Jack McCallum, ''Leonard Wood: Rough Rider, Surgeon, Architect of American Imperialism'' (2005)

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), "Comments on the Moro Massacre" 1906

External links

Category:1860 births Category:1927 deaths Category:American physicians Category:Military physicians Category:Army Medal of Honor recipients Category:Deaths from brain cancer Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Category:Cuba – United States relations Category:Governors-General of the Philippines Category:Colonial heads of Cuba Category:People from Boston, Massachusetts Category:American military personnel of the Philippine–American War Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War Category:United States Army Chiefs of Staff Category:United States Army generals of World War I Category:United States presidential candidates, 1916 Category:United States presidential candidates, 1920 Category:Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football coaches Category:Georgia Institute of Technology alumni Category:Harvard Medical School alumni Category:Cancer deaths in Massachusetts Category:People from Cheshire County, New Hampshire Category:American expatriates in the Philippines Category:American colonial period of the Philippines

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