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Abbas I of Persia
Shāh ‘Abbās the Great (or Shāh ‘Abbās I) () (January 27, 1571 – January 19, 1629) was Shah (king) of Iran, and the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad.
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Abraham Kidunaia
Saint Abraham the Great of Kidunja (?- d. c. 366) was a Hermit and Priest of the Christian Church.
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Ajax (mythology)
:"Aias" redirects here. For other uses of this name, see AIAS and Ajax (disambiguation).
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Akbar
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar), also known as Shahanshah Akbar-E-Azam, Akbar the Great or Mahabali Shahanshah (23 November 1542 – 27 October 1605), was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Humayun, and the grandson of Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of the northern and central India and was one of the most powerful empires of its age.
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Alain I of Albret
Alain I of Albret (1440-1522), called "The Great", was a powerful French aristocrat. He was 16th Lord of Albret, Viscount of Tartas, the 2nd Count of Graves, and the Count of Castres. He was the son of Catherine de Rohan and Jean I of Albret. He was the grandson and heir of Charles II of Albret, and became head of the House of Albret in 1471.
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Albert the Great
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Albertus Magnus
Saint Albertus Magnus, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar and bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. Those such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages, an opinion supported by contemporaries such as Roger Bacon. He was the first among medieval scholars to apply Aristotle's philosophy to Christian thought. The Catholic Church honors him as a Doctor of the Church, one of only 33 persons with that honor.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (, Mégas Aléxandros), was a Greek king of Macedon. He is the most celebrated member of the Argead Dynasty and the creator of one of the largest empires in ancient history.
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Alfonso III of León
Alfonso III (c. 848–20 December 910), called the Great, was the king of León, Galicia and Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. According to some sources he was the first be called "Emperor of Spain", and he may have purchased a former "imperial crown".
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (, "elf counsel") (849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English monarch to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". Details of his life are described in a work by the Welsh scholar and bishop Asser. Alfred was a learned man who encouraged education and improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure. He is regarded as a saint by some Catholics, but has never been officially canonized. The Anglican Communion venerates him as a hero of the Christian Church, with a feast day of 26 October,sfn|Gross|1990|loc= and he may often be found depicted in stained glass in Church of England parish churches.
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Anthony the Great
Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), (Coptic Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ), also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius (Ἀββᾶς Ἀντώνιος), and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. He is celebrated in many churches on his feast days: 17 January in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Western churches; and Tobi 22, (January 30) in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.
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Antiochus the Great
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Ashoka
Ashoka (Devanāgarī: अशोक, IAST: ', , 304–232 BC), popularly known as Ashoka the Great''', was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests. His empire stretched from present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan in the west, to the present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of Assam in the east, and as far south as northern Kerala and Andhra. He conquered the kingdom named Kalinga, which no one in his dynasty had conquered starting from Chandragupta Maurya. His reign was headquartered in Magadha (present-day Bihar, India). He embraced Buddhism from the prevalent Vedic tradition after witnessing the mass deaths of the war of Kalinga, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha. Ashoka was a devotee of ahimsa (nonviolence), love, truth, tolerance and vegetarianism. Ashoka is remembered in history as a philanthropic administrator. In the history of India Ashoka is referred to as Samraat Chakravartin Ashoka- the Emperor of Emperors Ashoka.
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Ashoka the Great
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Ashot I of Iberia
Ashot I the Great () (died 826/830) was a presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia), first of the Bagratid family to have attained to this office c. 813. From his base in Tao-Klarjeti, he fought to enlarge the Bagratid territories and sought the Byzantine protectorate against the Arab encroachment until being murdered c. 830. Ashot is also known as Ashot I Curopalates for the Byzantine title he wore. A patron of Christian culture and a friend of the church, he has been canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
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Askia Mohammad I
Askia the Great (ca. 1442 – 1538, also Muhammad Toure) was a Soninke emperor of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century, the successor of Sunni Ali Ber. Askia Muhammad strengthened his country and made it the largest country in West Africa's history. At its peak under Muhammad, the Songhai Empire encompassed the Hausa states as far as Kano (in present-day Nigeria) and much of the territory that had belonged to the Mali Empire in the west. His policies resulted in a rapid expansion of trade with Europe and Asia, the creation of many schools, and made Islam an integral part of the empire.
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Ayyubid dynasty
The Ayyubids (Kurdish:ایوبیان, Eyûbiyan) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, centered in Cairo and Damascus that ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Ayyubid family, under the brothers Ayyub and Shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the Zengids until they gradually gained independence from them under Saladin, Ayyub's son. In 1171, Saladin proclaimed himself sultan of Egypt after dissolving the Fatimid Caliphate upon the death of al-Adid. The Ayyubids spent the next decade launching conquests throughout the region and by 1183, the Ayyubid state included Egypt, Syria, northern Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, and the North African coast up to the borders of modern-day Tunisia. Most of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, consisting of Palestine and Transjordan fell to the Ayyubids after their victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. However, the Crusaders regained control of Palestine's coastline in the 1190s.
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Babai the Great
Babai the Great (ca. 551 – 628) was an early church father of the Church of the East. He set several of the foundational pillars of the Church, revived the monastic movement, and formulated its Christology in a systematic way. He served as an unofficial head of the Nestorian Church from 611 to 628 AD, leaving a legacy of strong discipline and deep religious Orthodoxy. He is revered in the modern Assyrian Church of the East.
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Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet; , ; see full title below; born 5 December 1927) is the current King of Thailand. Publicly declared "the Great" (Thai: มหาราช, Maharaja), he is also known as Rama IX. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's longest-serving current head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. He was admitted to Siriraj Hospital in September 2009 for flu and pneumonia and has remained in the hospital since. Rumors about his ill-health caused Thai financial markets to tumble in October 2009.
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Bolesław I Chrobry
Bolesław I the Brave (or the Valiant) (, ) (967 – 17 June 1025), in the past also known as Bolesław I the Great (Wielki), was a Duke of Poland from 992-1025 and the first King of Poland from 19 April 1025 until his death. He also ruled as Boleslav IV, Duke of Bohemia during 1002-1003.
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Bruno the Great
Bruno the Great (or Bruno I) (925–965) was Archbishop of Cologne, Germany, from 953 until his death, and Duke of Lotharingia from 954. He was the brother of Otto I, king of Germany and later Holy Roman Emperor.
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Catherine the Great
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Chandragupta II
Chandragupta II the Great (very often referred to as Vikramaditya or Chandragupta Vikramaditya in Sanskrit; also known to the Greek world as Sandrokottos) was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta empire. His rule spanned 375-413/15 CE, during which the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith. The period of prominence of the Gupta dynasty is very often referred to as the Golden Age of India. Chandragupta II the Great was the son of the previous ruler, Samudragupta the Great. He attained success by pursuing both a favorable marital alliance and an aggressive expansionist policy. In this his father and grandfather set the precedent.
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne (; , meaning Charles the Great; possibly 74228 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum) from 800 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800. This temporarily made him a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople. His rule is also associated with the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign conquests and internal reforms, Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the Middle Ages. He is numbered as Charles I in the regnal lists of France, Germany (where he is known as Karl der Große), and the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne wished to expand his kingdom by "the sword and the cross". He wished to see his kingdom grow, but he also wanted Christianity to be taught in all the kingdoms he conquered as well. Charlemagne was a Catholic and a strong believer in his faith.
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Chlothar II
Chlothar II (or Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar, giving rise to Lothair; 584 – 629), called the Great (le Grand) or the Young (le Jeune), King of Neustria, and, from 613 to 629, King of all the Franks, was not yet born when his father, King Chilperic I died in 584. His mother, Fredegund, was regent until her death in 597, at which time the thirteen-year-old Chlothar began to rule for himself. As king, he continued his mother's feud with Brunhilda, queen of Austrasia, with equal viciousness and bloodshed.
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Chulalongkorn
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramintharamaha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (), or Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri. He was known to the Siamese of his time as Phra Phuttha Chao Luang (พระพุทธเจ้าหลวง - The Royal Buddha). He is considered one of the greatest kings of Siam. His reign was characterized by the modernization of Siam, immense government and social reforms, and territorial cessions to the British Empire and French Indochina. As Siam was threatened by Western expansionism, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, managed to save Siam from being colonized. All his reforms were dedicated to Siam’s insurance of survival in the midst of Western colonialism, so that Chulalongkorn earned the epithet Phra Piya Maharat (พระปิยมหาราช - The Great Beloved King).
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Cnut the Great
Cnut the Great (; Old Norse: Knūtr inn rīki; c. 985 or 995 – 12 November 1035), also known as Canute or Knut, was a Viking king of Denmark (Cnut II), England, Norway and parts of Sweden. As a statesman, with notable successes in politics and the military, and the importance of his legacy – if now obscure – Cnut seems to have been one of the greatest figures of medieval Europe. Until recently though, after the death of his heirs within a decade of his own and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, his achievements were largely lost to history.
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Constantine I
Flavius Valerius Aurelius ConstantinusIn Latin Constantine is the first Christian emperor. Constantine's official imperial title was IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, the pious, the fortunate, the undefeated. After 312, he added MAXIMVS ("the greatest"), and after 325 replaced ("undefeated") with VICTOR, as invictus reminded of Sol Invictus, the Sun God. (c. 27 February 272 – 22 May 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire.
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Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great (Old Persian:
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Darius I of Persia
Darius I, known as Darius the Great, was the third "king of kings" (emperor) of the Achaemenid Empire. Darius held the empire at its peak, then including Egypt, northern India, and parts of Greece. The decay and downfall of the empire commenced with his death and the coronation of his son, Xerxes I.
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Darius the Great
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Emmy the Great
Emma-Lee Moss (born 1984), known by her stage name Emmy the Great, is a London-based singer-songwriter. Moss was born in Hong Kong to an English father and Chinese mother, and emigrated with her family to London at the age of 12. After moving to the UK, she attended the Michael Hall Rudolf Steiner School in West Sussex.
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Euthymius the Great
Saint Euthymius (377-473), often styled the Great, was an Abbot in Palestine.
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Franks
The Franks ( or gens Francorum) were a West Germanic tribal confederation first attested in the third century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite would be one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe.
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Frederick the Great
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan ( or ; Mongolian: or ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ, ', or '), ; probably 1162–1227), born B. Temüjin (, was the founder, Khan (ruler) and Khagan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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Henry IV of France
Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610) was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. His parents were Queen Jeanne III and King Antoine of Navarre.
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Herod the Great
Herod (, Hordos, Greek: , Hērōidēs), also known as Herod I or Herod the Great (born 71, 73 or 74 BCE, died 4 BCE in Jericho, according to other data, 1 BCE), was an Edomite Jewish Roman client king of the Roman provinces of Judea, Galilee and Samaria (present-day Israel). He was described as "a madman who murdered his own family and a great many rabbis." He is also known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. Some details of his biography can be gleaned from the works of the 1st century CE Roman-Jewish historian Josephus Flavius.
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Hugh the Great
Hugh the Great (898 – 16 June 956) was duke of the Franks and count of Paris, son of King Robert I of France and nephew of King Odo. He was born in Paris, Ile-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987. His family is known as the Robertians.
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Ivan III of Russia
Ivan III Vasilevich () (22 January 1440, Moscow – 27 October 1505, Moscow), also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus" (Великий князь всея Руси). Sometimes referred to as the "gatherer of the Russian lands", he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. He was one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history.
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John I of Portugal
John I (or João I, ; Lisbon, São João da Praça (extinct), 11 April 1358 – Lisbon, Castle, 14 August 1433), called the Good (sometimes the Great) or of Happy Memory, more rarely and outside Portugal the Bastard, was the tenth King of Portugal and the Algarve and the first to use the title Lord of Ceuta. He was the natural son of Peter I by a woman named Teresa Lourenço, who some say was a noble Galician, daughter of Lourenço Martins, o da Praça, and wife Sancha Martins. In 1364 he was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz, by which title he was known. He became king in 1385, after the 1383–1385 Crisis.
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John II of Aragon
John II the Great (June 29, 1398 – January 20, 1479) was the King of Aragon from 1458 until 1479, and jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1425 until his death. He was the son of Ferdinand I and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque. John is regarded as one of the most memorable and most unscrupulous kings of the 15th century.
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Justinian I
Justinian I (; lang-el|; 483 – 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.
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Kamehameha I
Kamehameha I (ca. 1758 – May 8, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, conquered the Hawaiian Islands and formally established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. By developing alliances with the major Pacific colonial powers, Kamehameha preserved Hawaii's independence under his rule. Kamehameha is remembered for the Kanawai Mamalahoe, the "Law of the Splintered Paddle", which protects human rights of non-combatants in times of battle. Kamehameha's full Hawaiian name is Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiikui Kamehameha o Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea.
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Kanishka
Kanishka (, Bactrian language: , Middle Chinese: 迦腻色伽) was a king of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia, ruling an empire extending from Bactria to large parts of northern India in the 2nd century of the common era, and famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements. His main capital was at Purushpura (Peshawar in present day northwestern Pakistan) with regional capitals at the location of the modern city of Taxila in Pakistan, Begram in Afghanistan and Mathura in India.
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Kurds
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Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great (, ), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1172 11 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years.
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Louis I of Hungary
Louis the Great (, , , , , , , , Czech: Ludvík I. Veliký, (5 March 1326, Visegrád 10 September 1382, Nagyszombat/Trnava) was King of Hungary from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370 until his death. (See Titles section)
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Louis XIV of France
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Macarius of Egypt
Macarius of Egypt (ca. 300-391) was an Egyptian Christian monk and hermit. He is also known as Macarius the Elder, Macarius the Great and The Lamp of the Desert.
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Medes
The Medes, (Greek , from Old Persian ) were an ancient Iranian peopleA) "Mede" Encyclopædia Britannica 2008 (Encyclopædia Britannica Online) 16 January 2008 .
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Mongol
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Mstislav I of Kiev
Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great () (June 1, 1076, Turov – April 14, 1132, Kiev) was the Velikiy Kniaz (Grand Prince) of Kiev (1125-1132), the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex. He figures prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name Harald, taken to allude to his grandfather, Harold II of England.
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Narai
Somdet Phra Narai ( 1633 - 11 July 1688) or Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III () was the king of Ayutthaya from 1656 to 1688 and allegedly the most famous Ayutthayan king. His reign was the most prosperous during the Ayutthaya period and saw the great commercial and diplomatic activities with foreign nations including the Persians and the West. During the later years of his reign, Narai gave his favorite – the Greek adventurer Constantine Phaulkon – so much power that Phaulkon technically became the chancellor of the state. Through the arrangements of Phaulkon, the Siamese kingdom came into close diplomatic relations with the court of Louis XIV and French soldiers and missionaries filled the Siamese aristocracy and defense. The dominance of French officials led to frictions between them and the native mandarins and led to the turbulent revolution of 1688 towards the end of his reign. Narai’s reign was also known for a small war with England in 1687 and the invasion of Burmese Lanna in 1662.
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Naresuan
Somdet Phra Naresuan Maharat () or Somdet Phra Sanphet II () (1555, 25 April - 1605) was the King of the Ayutthaya kingdom from 1590 until his death in 1605. Naresuan was one of Siam's most revered monarchs as he was known for his campaigns to free Siam from Burmese rule. During his reign numerous wars were fought against Burma, and Siam reached its greatest territorial extent and influence.
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Odo the Great
:For the later duke of Aquitaine, and also Gascony, with the same name, see Odo of Gascony.
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Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths () were a branch of the Goths (the other branch being the Visigoths), an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in political events of the last decades of the Roman Empire. The Ostrogoths established the Kingdom of Italy, a relatively short-lived successor state of the Western Roman Empire.
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Peter III of Aragon
Peter the Great (, , ; 1239, Valencia – 2 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia and of Majorca (as Peter I), and Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death. He conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.
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Peter the Great
Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov () ( – ) ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V.
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Plautus
Titus Maccius Plautus (c. 254–184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are among the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by the innovator of Latin literature, Livius Andronicus. The word Plautine () is used to refer to Plautus's works or works similar to or influenced by his.
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Pompey
Pompey (Latin nominative Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus), also known as or Pompey the Great (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS) (September 29, 106 BC – September 29, 48 BC), was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and established himself in the ranks of Roman nobility by successful leadership in several campaigns. Sulla addressed him by the cognomen Magnus (the Great) and he was awarded three triumphs.
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Pompey the Great
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Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), better known in English as Gregory the Great, was pope from 3 September 590 until his death. Gregory is well-known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope.
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Pope John Paul II
The Venerable Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005, born Karol Józef Wojtyła) reigned as Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005. His was the second-longest documented pontificate; only Pope Pius IX served longer (St. Peter the Apostle is reputed to have served for more than thirty years as the first pontiff, but documentation is too sparse to definitively support this). He has been the only Slavic and Polish Pope to date, and was the first non-Italian Pope since Dutch Pope Adrian VI in 1522.
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Pope Leo I
Pope Leo I, or Pope Saint Leo the Great (ca. 400 – November 10, 461), was pope from September 29, 440 to November 10, 461.
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Pope Nicholas I
Pope Saint Nicholas I, (Rome c. 800 – November 13, 867), or Nicholas the Great, reigned from April 24, 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority and power, exerting decisive influence upon the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe, and is considered a saint.
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Prokop the Great
Prokop or Prokop the Great () (b. about 1380 – d. 30 May 1434 at Lipany) was one of the most prominent Hussite generals of the Hussite Wars. His name has also been given as "Prokop Holý" ("the Shaven") and "Procopius the Great".
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Radama I
Radama I "the Great" (c. 1793-1828), the first king of Madagascar, united the island under his rule. He had twelve Great Wives, one of them his adopted sister Ranavalona I who would emerge victorious in the struggle for succession.
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Raja Raja Chola I
Rajaraja Chola I ( born Arulmozhi Thevar),(also called as Arunmozhi Varman and respectfully as Periya Udayar), popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest emperors of the Tamil Chola Empire who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE. He established the Chola empire by conquering the kingdoms of southern India expanding the Chola Empire as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. He fought many battles with the Chalukyas in the north and the Pandyas in the south. By conquering Vengi, Rajaraja laid the foundations for the Later Chola dynasty. He invaded Sri Lanka and started a century-long Chola occupation of the island.
http://wn.com/Raja_Raja_Chola_I -
Rajendra Chola I
:"Rajendra Chola" redirects here. For Rajendra Chola II, see Rajendra Chola II.
http://wn.com/Rajendra_Chola_I -
Ram Khamhaeng
"Ram Khamhaeng", "Ramkhamhaeng" or "Ram Kham Haeng" may refer to:
http://wn.com/Ram_Khamhaeng -
Rhodri the Great
Rhodri the Great (in Welsh, Rhodri Mawr; occasionally in English, Roderick the Great) (c. 820 – 878) was King of Gwynedd from 844 until his death. He was the first Welsh ruler to be called 'Great', and the first to rule most of present-day Wales. He is referred to as "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales" but he did not rule all of Wales nor was this term used contemporaneously to describe him.
http://wn.com/Rhodri_the_Great -
Roman emperor
http://wn.com/Roman_emperor -
Roman the Great
Roman Mstislavich (Russian and Ukrainian: Роман Мстиславич), also Roman Mstyslavych or Roman the Great, (after 1160 – Zawichost, October 14, 1205) was a Rus’ prince (a member of the Rurik dynasty).
http://wn.com/Roman_the_Great -
Saladin
Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Kurdish: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی, Selah'edînê Eyubî, , Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb) (c. 1138 – March 4, 1193), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a KurdishA number of contemporary sources make note of this. The biographer Ibn Khallikan writes, "Historians agree in stating that [Saladin's] father and family belonged to Duwin [Dvin]....They were Kurds and belonged to the Rawādiya (sic), which is a branch of the great tribe al-Hadāniya": Minorsky (1953), p. 124. The medieval historian Ibn Athir relates a passage from another commander: "...both you and Saladin are Kurds and you will not let power pass into the hands of the Turks": Minorsky (1953), p. 138. Muslim, who became the first Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. As such, he is a notable figure in Kurdish, Arab, and Muslim culture. Saladin was a strict adherent of Sunni Islam and a disciple of the Qadiri Sufi order. His chivalrous behavior was noted by Christian chroniclers, especially in the accounts of the siege of Kerak in Moab, and despite being the nemesis of the Crusaders he won the respect of many of them, including Richard the Lionheart; rather than becoming a hated figure in Europe, he became a celebrated example of the principles of chivalry.
http://wn.com/Saladin -
Samudragupta
Samudragupta the Great, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c.AD 335 – 375), and successor to Chandragupta I, is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in Indian history according to Historian V.A Smith. His name is taken to be a title acquired by his conquests (Samudra referring to the 'oceans'). Samudragupta the Great is believed to have been his father's chosen successor even though he had several older brothers. Therefore, some believe that after the death of Chandragupta I, there was a struggle for succession in which Samudragupta prevailed.
http://wn.com/Samudragupta -
Shapur II
Shapur II the Great was the ninth King of the Persian Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379. During his long reign, the Sassanid Empire saw its first golden era since the reign of Shapur I (241–272).
http://wn.com/Shapur_II -
Simeon I of Bulgaria
Simeon (also Symeon) I the Great (, transliterated Simeon I Veliki ) ruled over Bulgaria from 893 to 927, during the First Bulgarian Empire. Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantines, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern Europe. His reign was also a period of unmatched cultural prosperity and enlightenment later deemed the Golden Age of Bulgarian culture.
http://wn.com/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria -
Taksin
Taksin (Royal Institute: Somdet Phra Chao Taksin Maharat; or The King of the Thonburi Kingdom; ;; Teochew: Dênchao; Vietnamese: Trịnh Quốc Anh) ; (April 17, 1734 – April 7, 1782) was the only King of the Thonburi Kingdom. He is greatly revered by the Thai people for his leadership in liberating Siam from Burmese occupation after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, and the subsequent unification of Siam after it fell under various warlords. He established the city Thonburi as the new capital, as the city Ayutthaya had been almost completely destroyed by the invaders. His reign was characterized by numerous wars, fought to repel new Burmese invasions and to subjugate the northern Thai kingdom of Lanna, the Laotian principalities, and a threatening Cambodia. He was succeeded by the Chakri dynasty and the Rattanakosin Kingdom under his long time friend King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.
http://wn.com/Taksin -
Theodoric the Great
Flavius Theodericus, also known as Theodoric the Great (; ; , (''Theυ'ðerichos'', ); ; ; ), 454 – 30 August 526, was king of the Ostrogoths (471 – 526), ruler of Italy (493 – 526), regent of the Visigoths (511 – 526), and a viceroy of the Eastern Roman Empire. His Gothic name "Þiuda reiks" translates into "people's king". He became a hero of Germanic legend.
http://wn.com/Theodoric_the_Great -
Theodosius I
Flavius Theodosius (11 January 347 – 17 January 395), commonly known as Theodosius I or Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from 378 to 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. During his reign, the Goths secured control of Illyricum after the Gothic War - establishing their homeland south of the Danube within the empire's borders. He is known for making Nicene Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire, issuing decrees that effectively worked towards melding the Roman state and the Christian Church into a single de facto church-state entity.
http://wn.com/Theodosius_I -
Timur
Timur (from the Perso-Arabic form ', ultimately from Chagatai (Middle Turkic) ' "iron"; 8 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), normally known as Tamerlane (from ) in English, was a fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty (1370–1405) in Central Asia, and great great grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire in India.
http://wn.com/Timur -
Umar
Umar (, c. 586–590 CE 7 November 644), also known as Omar, was the Prophet Muhammad's father-in-law, one of his companions and the second Muslim ruler after Muhammad's death for 10 years.
http://wn.com/Umar -
Valentinian I
Flavius Valentinianus (321 – 17 November 375), commonly known as Valentinian I or Valentinian the Great, was Roman Emperor from 364 to 375. He was the last emperor to have de facto control of the entire empire. Upon becoming emperor he made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces while Valentinian retained the west. During his reign, Valentinian fought successfully against the Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians. Most notable was his victory over the Alamanni in 367 at the Battle of Solicinium. His brilliant general Count Theodosius defeated a revolt in Africa and the Great Conspiracy, a coordinated assault on Britain by Picts, Scots, and Saxons. Valentinian was also the last emperor to conduct campaigns across the Rhine and Danube rivers. He rebuilt and improved the fortifications along the frontiers – even building fortresses in enemy territory. Due to the successful nature of his reign and almost immediate decline of the empire after his death, he is often considered the "last great western emperor". He founded the Valentinian Dynasty, with his sons Gratian and Valentinian II succeeding him in the western half of the empire.
http://wn.com/Valentinian_I -
Visigoths
The Visigoths () were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe; the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the barbarians who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. The romanized Visigoths first emerged as a distinct people during the 4th century, initially in the Balkans, where they participated in several wars with Rome. A Visigothic army under Alaric I eventually moved into Italy and famously sacked Rome in 410.
http://wn.com/Visigoths -
Vladimir I of Kiev
Vladimir Sviatoslavich the Great, also sometimes spelled Volodymer Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь (c. 958 near Pskov – 15 July 1015, Berestovo) was the grand prince of Kiev who converted to Christianity in 988, and proceeded to baptise all of Kievan Rus'. His name is spelt variously: in modern Ukrainian, for example, as Volodymyr (Володимир); in Old Church Slavonic and modern Russian, as Vladimir (Владимир); in Old Norse as Valdamarr; and, in modern Scandinavian languages, "Valdemar".
http://wn.com/Vladimir_I_of_Kiev -
Wessex
The Kingdom of Wessex () or Kingdom of the West Saxons () was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons, in South West England, from the 6th century, until the emergence of a united English state in the 10th century, under the Wessex dynasty. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest of 1016, from 1020 to 1066. After the Norman Conquest there was a dissolution of the English earldoms, and Wessex was split among the followers of William the Conqueror.
http://wn.com/Wessex -
Wilhelm II
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_II -
William of Maleval
William of Maleval (or William the Great) (died 10 February 1157) was the founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites, a branch of the Hermits of St. Augustine. He was beatified in 1202.
http://wn.com/William_of_Maleval -
Xerxes I
http://wn.com/Xerxes_I
-
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii
-
Wrasse \Wrasse\, n. [W. gwrachen.] (Zool.) Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the genus Labrus, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are bright-colored. [1913 Webster]
Note: Among the European species are the ballan wrasse (Labrus maculatus), the streaked wrasse (Labrus lineatus), the red wrasse (Labrus mixtus), the comber wrasse (Labrus comber), the blue-striped, or cook, wrasse (see Peacock fish, under Peacock), the rainbow wrasse (Labrus vulgaris), and the seawife. [1913 Webster] - wrasse n 1: chiefly tropical marine fishes with fleshy lips and powerful teeth; usually brightly colored
- Achoerodus
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Flame Wrasse Spawning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Published: 06 Mar 2009
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
ReefBuilders.com is the source for all your reef aquarium news. A fairly thorough look at the courtship display and spawning ascent of the flame fairy wrasse, Cirrhilabrus jordani.
http://wn.com/Flame_Wrasse_Spawning
Catching a Greenblock Wrasse at Lord Howe Island on IFISH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Published: 04 Feb 2010
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
Paul Worsteling catches a Greenblock Wrasse off Lord Howe Island.
http://wn.com/Catching_a_Greenblock_Wrasse_at_Lord_Howe_Island_on_IFISH
WRASSE FISHING, BEARA PENINSULA, IRELAND
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Published: 29 Jul 2008
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
Belgian Guy fishing for Wrasse and catching it at the Beara Peninsula, CO Cork, Ireland. Bait: Crab
http://wn.com/WRASSE_FISHING,_BEARA_PENINSULA,_IRELAND
Diving with a Maori Wrasse on the Great Barrier Reef
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:43
- Published: 01 Feb 2009
- Updated: 26 Feb 2012
Paul had several awesome dives with a giant Maori Wrasse on the Great Barrier Reef. By Paul Lakin, Cruise the Blue Diving Ltd, Northland, NZ. www.cruisetheblue.co.nz
http://wn.com/Diving_with_a_Maori_Wrasse_on_the_Great_Barrier_Reef
Catching my 6 Line Wrasse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Published: 03 May 2010
- Updated: 31 Mar 2012
After he killed my firefish, the 6-line had to go. Wrasse are very hard to catch so I pulled out every trick in the book and on the 3rd day, the heavens opened up.
http://wn.com/Catching_my_6_Line_Wrasse
Hand collecting Wrasse, Unicorns and Lemonpeels in the Coral Sea
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Published: 29 Mar 2010
- Updated: 07 Jan 2012
In the remote and pristine waters of the Coral Sea, Cairns Marine director Cadel Squire hand collects with the aid of a Barrier Net, a variety of fish for display in aquaria. The cryptic Eight Striped Wrasse (Pseudocheilinus octotaenia), Lipstick Tang (Naso Literatus) and a Lemonpeel Angel (C. flavissimus) feature in this example. An interesting use of a regulator is employed to assist with the lemonpeel! To learn more check out our website.
http://wn.com/Hand_collecting_Wrasse,_Unicorns_and_Lemonpeels_in_the_Coral_Sea
Coris Wrasse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:25
- Published: 27 Jul 2008
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
28 gal salty video
http://wn.com/Coris_Wrasse
Napoleon Wrasse - Southern Red Sea
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Published: 26 Jun 2007
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
Took this on the Simply the Best trip the year in the Southern Red Sea
http://wn.com/Napoleon_Wrasse__Southern_Red_Sea
wrasse sleeping
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Published: 25 Jun 2008
- Updated: 18 Jan 2012
Melanurus wrasse going under sand to sleep
http://wn.com/wrasse_sleeping
The use of tools by wrasses Labridae
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 28 Sep 2011
- Updated: 26 Mar 2012
Fish Uses Tool to Dig Up and Crush Clams www.sciencedaily.com The use of tools by wrasses (Labridae). Coral Reefs, 2011; DOI: 10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6 www.springerlink.com Electronic supplementary material Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Supplementary material 1 (MOV 53052 kb) www.springerlink.com
http://wn.com/The_use_of_tools_by_wrasses_Labridae
Velvet Wrasse Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:20
- Published: 30 Dec 2009
- Updated: 13 Jan 2011
Visit www.sealifedirect.com to see other tropical marine life. Purchase a velvet wrasse for your saltwater tropical aquarium here - http Velvet Wrasse - Cirrhilabrus scottorum or Scott's Velvet Wrasse, Scott's Fairy Wrasse. Make sure tank is secure as these fish like to jump. Provide plenty of places to hide. Once it has become established it will be one of the more active.
http://wn.com/Velvet_Wrasse_Video
Palau - playful Napoleon Wrasse - underwater australasia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Published: 30 Nov 2007
- Updated: 19 Dec 2011
We found this playful and curious Napoleon Wrasse on one of the dive sites in Palau. Check out the big yawn of this fish at the end. This clip is part of a Palau article on underwater australasia - check it out on www.underwater.com.au
http://wn.com/Palau__playful_Napoleon_Wrasse__underwater_australasia
Red Margin Fair Wrasse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Published: 14 Aug 2009
- Updated: 29 Dec 2011
ReefBuilders.com is the source for all your reef aquarium news. Red Margin Fair Wrasse
http://wn.com/Red_Margin_Fair_Wrasse
Hand collecting rare Purplelined Fairy Wrasse in the Coral Sea
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Published: 04 Apr 2010
- Updated: 03 Jan 2012
The Purplelined Fairy Wrasse is endemic to remote reefs of the Coral Sea. Cairns Marine is one of only two operations in the world able to collect these unique fish. Director, Cadel Squire makes hand collecting look easy as he collects the esteemed Purplelined and Scotts Fairy Wrasse (Cirrhilabrus lineatus & C. scottorum) in a turbid lagoon situation out in the Coral Sea, the type of location that is not typically associated with a vision of this region.
http://wn.com/Hand_collecting_rare_Purplelined_Fairy_Wrasse_in_the_Coral_Sea
Me Wrasse Goes To Bed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Published: 30 Aug 2009
- Updated: 20 Feb 2012
The nightly ritual of our four spot yellow wrasse. D.Fiddy the yellow tailed blue damselfish doesn't want him to go to sleep, so he tries his best to prevent this. Me-Wrasse must wait until the coast is clear...
http://wn.com/Me_Wrasse_Goes_To_Bed
Barracuda Teeth at Cleaner Wrasse Cleaning Station by Bob Yin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Published: 19 Dec 2009
- Updated: 08 Mar 2012
A Giant Barracuda Having Teeth Cleaned at a Cleaner Wrasse Cleaning Station under Kapalai Jetty Sabah Malaysia by Bob Yin
http://wn.com/Barracuda_Teeth_at_Cleaner_Wrasse_Cleaning_Station_by_Bob_Yin
Fairy Wrasse Collection May 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 04 May 2009
- Updated: 25 May 2011
The latest view of the tank. It includes 3 Male Lineatus,1 Hawiian Flame, 1 Rhomboid, I Australian Scotts, 1 African Excusite, 1 Laboutie, 1 Mystery, 1 Solarensis (Clown), Everybody gets along great with no squabbles at all! All of these fish were brought into Calgary by On and Benny from Ocean City and are top quality wrasses. They do not touch any of the SPS corals or invertebrates.
http://wn.com/Fairy_Wrasse_Collection_May_2009
Lunar Wrasse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:37
- Published: 27 Jan 2009
- Updated: 12 Feb 2012
A Luner Wrasse's (Moon Wrasse) attack on a unsuspecting Rosy Red.
http://wn.com/Lunar_Wrasse
Cod, Groupers & Napoleon Wrasse 720p HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Published: 26 Jul 2009
- Updated: 14 Mar 2012
Filmed with Light & Motion Sony SR12 Bluefin housing. Footage From Great Barrier Reef Australia & Fiji of Cod, Groupers & Napoleon Wrasse
http://wn.com/Cod,_Groupers_Napoleon_Wrasse_720p_HD
My wife Debby goes wrasse fishing (2010 video 38)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:35
- Published: 13 Aug 2010
- Updated: 19 Sep 2011
The second of two videos that accompany the article on my website published August 14 2010. 'Love on the rocks' I don't reply to YouTube comments (time thing) but you canconnect with me on my Angling Journal facebook page. Everything is on my website @ www.anglingdiary.com
http://wn.com/My_wife_Debby_goes_wrasse_fishing_2010_video_38
Fairy Wrasse Collection
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Published: 18 Mar 2008
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
This 240 gallon reef tank houses 4 Lineatus,1 Labouti, 1 pair Australian Scotts, 3 Solarensis, 1 Exquisite, 1 pair Hawiian Flame, 1 Chevron Tang, 1 Fox face, 1 Fireball Angel, 1 Starki Damsel, 1 clown fish,
http://wn.com/Fairy_Wrasse_Collection
Videos For Your Cat - Fish Tanks (Trigger Fish, Yellow Wrasse, Domino Damsel)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:38
- Published: 31 Jan 2012
- Updated: 31 Mar 2012
Here's some nice fish tank scenes in 1080P HD for your (and your pets) enjoyment! Please subscribe if you would like to see us create more videos!
http://wn.com/Videos_For_Your_Cat__Fish_Tanks_Trigger_Fish,_Yellow_Wrasse,_Domino_Damsel
Earmuff Wrasse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Published: 28 Oct 2011
- Updated: 09 Feb 2012
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- Acantholabrus
- Achoerodus
- Actinopterygii
- Ammolabrus
- Anampses
- Anampses cuvieri
- Anchichoerops
- Animal
- Aquarium
- Aquatic locomotion
- Austrolabrus
- Belize Barrier Reef
- biomechanics
- Bodianus
- Centrolabrus
- Cheating (biology)
- Cheilines
- Cheilinus
- Cheilinus undulatus
- Cheilio
- Choerodon
- Chordate
- Cirrhilabrus
- cleaner fish
- cleaning station
- Clepticus
- companion
- Conniella
- coral reef
- Coris (fish)
- Coris aygula
- Coris gaimard
- Cornish language
- Ctenolabrus
- Cymolutes
- Decodon
- Dichogamy
- Diproctacanthus
- Doratonotus
- dorsal fin
- Dotalabrus
- ectoparasite
- Egyptian plover
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- Epibulus
- Eupetrichthys
- family (biology)
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Album: Lyle Lovett, Release Me (Wrasse)
26 Feb 2012
The Independent
Perhaps it should be taken as a summary of good...(size: 0.3Kb)
Salmon firms in wrasse initiative over parasite
22 Feb 2012
BBC News
A full-scale operation to farm and deploy wrasse fish in salmon cages is being launched in Scotland. The Scottish Salmon Company (SSC) and Meridian Salmon Group hope the move will help reduce sea lice levels on salmon farms. Under a deal with Otter Ferry Seafish, wrasse will be commercially farmed...(size: 2.1Kb)
BBC News
Anglers and land owners have expressed concern about the impact of farmed fish infected...(size: 0.6Kb)
Fish known as wrasses are found to use tools
29 Sep 2011
San Fransisco Chronicle
Chimps do it, birds do it, and now it turns out that fish do it, too - they all use tools of one kind or another to catch whatever they need to eat. Giacomo Bernardi, an evolutionary biologist at UC Santa Cruz, reports that on a recent diving expedition to Australia's Great Barrier Reef he...(size: 4.0Kb)
Pink Martini: Joy To The World (Wrasse)
10 Dec 2010
B&S; Online
... Rate this Album 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...(size: 1.3Kb)
Femi Kuti: Africa For Africa (Wrasse)
10 Dec 2010
B&S; Online
... Rate this Album 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...(size: 2.0Kb)
'Shrek' Fish: Asian Sheepshead Wrasse Resembling Animated Character Found Off Japanese Coast (VIDEO)
31 Aug 2010
Huffington Post
The Asian Sheepshead Wrasse is a common fish off the Japanese coast, but scuba divers assert that this particular find is anything...(size: 0.9Kb)
Sophie Delila: Hooked (Blue Wrasse)
22 Jul 2010
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The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 82 genera, which are divided into nine subgroups or tribes. They are typically small fish, with most less than long, although the largest, the Humphead wrasse, can measure up to . They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small invertebrates. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing.
The word "wrasse" comes via Cornish from the Welsh word ''gwrach'' meaning an old woman or hag.
Distribution
Wrasses inhabit the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, usually in shallow water habitats such as coral reefs and rocky shores where they live close to the substrate.
Anatomy
Wrasses have protractile mouths, usually with separate jaw teeth that jut outwards. Many species can be readily recognized by their thick lips, the inside of which is sometimes curiously folded, a peculiarity which gave rise the German name of "lip-fishes" (''Lippfische''.) The dorsal fin has 8–21 spines and 6–21 soft rays, usually running most of the length of the back. Wrasse are sexually dimorphic. Many species are capable of changing sex. Juveniles are a mix of males and females (known as Initial Phase or IP individuals) but the largest adults become territory-holding (Terminal Phase or TP) males.The wrasses have become a primary study species in fish-feeding biomechanics due to their jaw structure. The nasal and mandibular bones are connected at their posterior ends to the rigid neurocranium, and the superior and inferior articulations of the maxilla are joined to the anterior tips of these two bones, respectively, creating a loop of 4 rigid bones connected by moving joints. This "four-bar linkage" has the property of allowing numerous arrangements to achieve a given mechanical result (fast jaw protrusion or a forceful bite), thus decoupling morphology from function. The actual morphology of wrasses reflects this, with many lineages displaying different jaw morphology that results in the same functional output in a similar or identical ecological niche.
Reproductive Behavior
Most labroids are protogynous hermaphrodites within a haremic mating system. Hermaphroditism allows for complex mating systems. Labroids exhibit three different mating systems: polygynous, lek-like, and promiscuous mating systems. Group spawning and pair spawning occur within mating systems. The type of spawning that occurs depends on male body size. Labroids typically exhibit broadcast spawning, releasing high amounts of planktonic eggs, which are broadcast by tidal currents; adult labroids have no interaction with offspring. Wrasse of a particular subgroup of the Labridae family Labrini do not exhibit broadcast spawning.
Broodcare Behavior of Labrine Tribe
The subgroup Labrini arose from a basal split within family Labridae during the Eocene period. Subgroup Labrini is composed of eight genera, wherein 15 out of 23 species exhibit broodcare behavior. Broodcare behavior ranges from simple to complex parental care of spawn; males build algae nests or crude cavities, ventilate eggs, and defend nests against conspecific males and predators. In species that express this behavior, eggs cannot survive without parental care. Species of Symphodus, Centrolabrus, and Labrus genera exhibit broodcare behavior.
Cleaner wrasse
Some wrasses are the known as Cleaner wrasse, the best-known of the cleaner fish. They are symbiotic, or more specifically, mutualistic fish, performing grooming functions for other species of fish, and benefiting themselves by feeding on what they remove. In this behaviour they are reminiscent of the Egyptian plover, which is said to remove parasites from crocodiles.The "client" fishes will congregate at wrasse ''cleaning stations'' and wait for wrasses to swim into their open mouths and gill cavities to remove gnathiid parasites.
Cleaner wrasses are best known for feeding on dead tissue and scales and ectoparasites, although they are also known to 'cheat', consuming healthy tissue and mucus, which is energetically costly for the client fish to produce. The bluestreak cleaner wrasse, ''Labroides dimidiatus'' is one of the commonest cleaners found on tropical reefs. Few cleaner wrasses have been observed being eaten by predators, possibly because parasite removal is more important for predator survival than the short-term gain of eating the cleaner.
Other wrasse species, rather than inhabiting fixed locations, make "house calls" — that is, their "clientele" are too territorial or shy to go to a cleaning station.
Significance to humans
Humans eat wrasse in many places. In the western Atlantic, the most common food species is the tautog.Wrasse are common in both public and home aquaria. Some species are small enough to be considered reef safe.
Wrasse may be employed as cleaner fish to combat sea-lice infestation in salmon farms.
Gallery
Subgroups/Tribes
''Hypsigenyines'' ''Labrines'' ''Cheilines'' ''Scarines'' ''Pseudocheilines'' ''Novaculines'' ''Pseudolabrines'' ''Labrichthyines'' ''Julidines''
Genera
''Acantholabrus'' ''Achoerodus'' ''Ammolabrus'' ''Anampses'' ''Anchichoerops'' ''Austrolabrus'' ''Bodianus'' ''Centrolabrus'' ''Cheilinus'' ''Cheilio'' ''Choerodon'' ''Cirrhilabrus'' ''Clepticus'' ''Conniella'' ''Coris'' ''Ctenolabrus'' ''Cymolutes'' ''Decodon'' ''Diproctacanthus'' ''Doratonotus'' ''Dotalabrus'' ''Epibulus'' ''Eupetrichthys'' ''Frontilabrus'' ''Gomphosus'' ''Halichoeres'' ''Hemigymnus'' ''Hologymnosus'' ''Iniistius'' ''Julichthys'' ''Labrichthys'' ''Labroides'' ''Labropsis'' ''Labrus'' ''Lachnolaimus'' ''Lappanella'' ''Larabicus'' ''Leptojulis'' ''Macropharyngodon'' ''Malapterus'' ''Minilabrus'' ''Nelabrichthys'' ''Notolabrus'' ''Novaculichthys'' ''Novaculoides'' ''Ophthalmolepis'' ''Oxycheilinus'' ''Oxyjulis'' ''Paracheilinus'' ''Parajulis'' ''Pictilabrus'' ''Polylepion'' ''Pseudocheilinops'' ''Pseudocheilinus'' ''Pseudocoris'' ''Pseudodax'' ''Pseudojuloides'' ''Pseudolabrus'' ''Pteragogus'' ''Semicossyphus'' ''Stethojulis'' ''Suezichthys'' ''Symphodus'' ''Tautoga'' ''Tautogolabrus'' ''Terelabrus'' ''Thalassoma'' ''Wetmorella'' ''Xenojulis'' ''Xiphocheilus'' ''Xyrichtys''
Timeline
Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify
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BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era
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bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Labrodon color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Labrus color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Symphodus color:oligocene bar:NAM4 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Cheilinus color:miocene bar:NAM5 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Bodianus color:pliocene bar:NAM6 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Oxyjulis color:pleistocene bar:NAM7 from: -2.588 till: 0 text: Pimelometopon
PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H.
bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q.
References
External links
ca:Làbrid cs:Pyskounovití de:Lippfische dv:ހިކާ އާއިލާ (މަސް) es:Labridae fa:زمردماهیان fr:Labridae id:Ikan Wrasse it:Labridae lt:Lūpažuvinės hu:Ajakoshalfélék nl:Lipvissen ja:ベラ no:Leppefisker nn:Leppefisk pl:Wargaczowate pt:Labridae ru:Губановые simple:Wrasse sl:Ustnače fi:Huulikalat sv:Läppfiskar uk:Губаньові vi:Họ Bàng chài zh:隆頭魚科
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
This is a list of people whose names in English are commonly appended with the phrase "''the Great''", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as ''e Bozorg'' and ''e azam'' in Persian and Urdu respectively.
Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran
Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India
Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia
Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia
Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias
Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex
Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire
Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty
Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),
Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire
Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand
Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland
Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)
Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden
Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland
Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia
Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India
Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans
Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)
Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks
Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen
Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor
Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media
Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire
Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire
Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent
Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse
Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile
Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia
Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader
Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea
Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC
Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)
Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre
Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea
Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris
Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France
Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)
Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat
Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia
John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve
John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre
Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor
Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i
Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India
Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia
Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty
Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales
Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland
Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand
Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan
Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)
Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)
Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom
Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus
Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)
Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya
Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)
K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque
Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka
Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia
Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia
Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily
Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar
Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar
Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.
Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India
Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt
Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties
Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)
Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev
Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders
Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent
Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre
Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire
Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king
Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia
Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire
Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)
Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty
Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie
Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire
Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor
Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia
Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia
Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire
Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark
Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor
Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus
Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy
William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon
William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou
Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)
Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China
Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East
Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia
Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian
Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt
Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader
Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian
Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)
Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint
Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint
Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)
Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine
Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)
Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)
Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit
Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)
Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople
William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites
Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies
Emmy the Great, folk singer
Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III
Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia
Epithet
List of monarchs by nickname
List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I
James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus
Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater
In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.
The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus) assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "''the Great''".
The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).
Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.
As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.
Rulers
Religious figures
Other
See also
Notes
Category:Monarchs Great, List of people known as The Category:Greatest Nationals Category:Epithets
bs:Spisak osoba znanih kao Veliki id:Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung jv:Daftar pamimpin ingkang dipun paringi julukan Ingkang Agung la:Magnus lt:Sąrašas:Žmonės, vadinami Didžiaisiais ja:称号に大が付く人物の一覧 ru:Великий (прозвище) sl:Seznam ljudi z vzdevkom Veliki sv:Lista över personer kallade den store th:รายพระนามกษัตริย์ที่ได้รับสมัญญานามมหาราช vi:Đại đếThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
2:06
Fairy Wrasse Collection May 2009
Mrfairywrasse
Fairy Wrasse Collection May 2009
The latest view of the tank. It includes 3 Male Lineatus,1 Hawiian Flame, 1 Rhomboid, I Australian Scotts, 1 African Excusite, 1 Laboutie, 1 Mystery, 1 Solarensis (Clown), Everybody gets along great with no squabbles at all! All of these fish were brought into Calgary by On and Benny from Ocean City and are top quality wrasses. They do not touch any of the SPS corals or invertebrates.
5:35
My wife Debby goes wrasse fishing (2010 video 38)
StewartBloor
My wife Debby goes wrasse fishing (2010 video 38)
The second of two videos that accompany the article on my website published August 14 2010. 'Love on the rocks' I don't reply to YouTube comments (time thing) but you canconnect with me on my Angling Journal facebook page. Everything is on my website @ www.anglingdiary.com
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