Clover (''Trifolium''), or trefoil, is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the leguminous pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution; the highest diversity is found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics. They are small annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbaceous plants. The leaves are trifoliate (rarely 5- or 7-foliate), with stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk, and heads or dense spikes of small red, purple, white, or yellow flowers; the small, few-seeded pods are enclosed in the calyx. Other closely related genera often called clovers include ''Melilotus'' (sweet clover) and ''Medicago'' (alfalfa or 'calvary clover'). The "shamrock" of popular iconography is sometimes considered to be young clover. The scientific name derives from the Latin ''tres'', "three", and ''folium'', "leaf", so called from the characteristic form of the leaf, which has three leaflets (trifoliate); hence the popular name trefoil. Clovers are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species; see list of Lepidoptera that feed on clovers.

Cultivation

Several species are extensively cultivated as fodder plants. The most widely cultivated clovers are white clover ''Trifolium repens'' and red clover ''Trifolium pratense''. Clover, either sown alone or in mixture with ryegrass, has for a long time formed a staple crop for soiling, for several reasons: it grows freely, shooting up again after repeated mowings; it produces an abundant crop; it is palatable to and nutritious for livestock; it grows in a great range of soils and climates; and it is appropriate for either pasturage or green composting.

In many areas, particularly on acidic soil, clover is short-lived because of a combination of insect pests, diseases and nutrient balance; this is known as "clover sickness". When crop rotations are managed so that clover does not recur at intervals shorter than eight years, it grows with much of its pristine vigor.

Clover sickness in more recent times may also be linked to pollinator decline; clovers are most efficiently pollinated by bumblebees, which have declined as a result of agricultural intensification. Honeybees can also pollinate clover, and beekeepers are often in heavy demand from farmers with clover pastures. Farmers reap the benefits of increased reseeding that occurs with increased bee activity, which means that future clover yields remain abundant. Beekeepers benefit from the clover bloom, as clover is one of the main nectar sources for honeybees.

''T. repens'', white or Dutch clover, is a perennial abundant in meadows and good pastures. The flowers are white or pinkish, becoming brown and deflexed as the corolla fades. ''T. hybridum'', alsike or Swedish clover, is a perennial which was introduced early in the 19th century and has now become naturalized in Britain. The flowers are white or rosy, and resemble those of the last species. ''T. medium'', meadow or zigzag clover, a perennial with straggling flexuous stems and rose-purple flowers, is of little agricultural value.

Other South African species are: ''T. arvense'', hare's-foot trefoil; found in fields and dry pastures, a soft hairy plant with minute white or pale pink flowers and feathery sepals; ''T. fragiferum'', orange clover, with hot-grounded, globose, rose-purple heads and swollen calyxes; ''T. procumbens'', hop trefoil, on dry pastures and roadsides, the heads of pale yellow flowers suggesting miniature hops; and the somewhat similar ''T. minus'', common in pastures and roadsides, with smaller heads and small yellow flowers turning dark brown. It is a source of high protein.

Symbolism and mythology

Shamrock, the traditional Irish symbol, which according to legend was coined by Saint Patrick for the Holy Trinity, is commonly associated with clover, though sometimes with ''Oxalis'' species, which are also trifoliate (i.e., they have three leaves).

Clovers occasionally have leaves with four leaflets, instead of the usual three. These four-leaf clovers, like other rarities, are considered lucky. Clovers can also have five, six, or more leaves, but these are rarer. The record for most leaves is 56, set in 10 May 2009. This beat the 21-leaf clover, a record set in June 2008 by the same man, who had also held the prior record Guinness World Record of 18.

A common idiom is "to be (live) in clover", meaning to live a carefree life of ease, comfort, or prosperity. This originally referred to the fact that clover is fattening to cattle.

The cloverleaf interchange is named for the resemblance to the leaves of a (four-leafed) clover when viewed from the air.

Selected species

The genus ''Trifolium'' currently has 245 recognized species: {| |- valign=top |

''Trifolium acaule'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium affine'' C. Presl

''Trifolium africanum'' Ser.

''Trifolium aintabense'' Boiss. & Hausskn.

''Trifolium albopurpureum'' Torr. & A. Gray

''Trifolium alexandrinum'' L.

''Trifolium alpestre'' L.

''Trifolium alpinum'' L.

''Trifolium amabile'' Kunth

''Trifolium ambiguum'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium amoenum'' Greene, Showy Indian Clover

''Trifolium andersonii'' A. Gray

''Trifolium andinum'' Nutt.

''Trifolium andricum'' Lassen

''Trifolium angulatum'' Waldst. & Kit.

''Trifolium angustifolium'' L.

''Trifolium apertum'' Bobrov

''Trifolium argutum'' Banks & Sol.

''Trifolium arvense'' L., Hare's-foot clover

''Trifolium attenuatum'' Greene

''Trifolium aureum'' Pollich, Large Hop Trefoil

''Trifolium baccarinii'' Chiov.

''Trifolium badium'' Schreb.

''Trifolium barbeyi'' Gibelli & Belli

''Trifolium barbigerum'' Torr.

''Trifolium barnebyi'' (Isely) Dorn & Lichvar

''Trifolium batmanicum'' Katzn.

''Trifolium beckwithii'' W. H. Brewer ''ex'' S. Watson

''Trifolium bejariense'' Moric.

''Trifolium berytheum'' Boiss. & Blanche

''Trifolium bifidum'' A. Gray

''Trifolium bilineatum'' Fresen.

''Trifolium billardierei'' Spreng.

''Trifolium bivonae'' Guss.

''Trifolium blancheanum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium bocconei'' Savi

''Trifolium boissieri'' Guss. ''ex'' Soy.-Will. & Godr.

''Trifolium bolanderi'' A. Gray

''Trifolium brandegeei'' S. Watson

''Trifolium breweri'' S. Watson

''Trifolium brutium'' Ten.

''Trifolium buckwestiorum'' Isely

''Trifolium bullatum'' Boiss. & Hausskn.

''Trifolium burchellianum'' Ser.

''Trifolium calcaricum'' J. L. Collins & Wieboldt

''Trifolium calocephalum'' Fresen.

''Trifolium campestre'' Schreb., Hop Trefoil

''Trifolium canescens'' Willd.

''Trifolium carolinianum'' Michx.

''Trifolium caucasicum'' Tausch

''Trifolium caudatum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium cernuum'' Brot.

''Trifolium cheranganiense'' J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium cherleri'' L.

''Trifolium chilaloense'' Thulin

''Trifolium chilense'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium chlorotrichum'' Boiss. & Balansa

''Trifolium ciliolatum'' Benth.

''Trifolium cinctum'' DC.

''Trifolium clusii'' Godr. & Gren.

''Trifolium clypeatum'' L.

''Trifolium congestum'' Guss.

''Trifolium constantinopolitanum'' Ser.

''Trifolium cryptopodium'' Steud. ''ex'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium cyathiferum'' Lindl., Cup clover

''Trifolium dalmaticum'' Vis.

''Trifolium dasyphyllum'' Torr. & A. Gray

''Trifolium dasyurum'' C. Presl

''Trifolium davisii'' M. Hossain

''Trifolium decorum'' Chiov.

''Trifolium depauperatum'' Desv.

''Trifolium dichotomum'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium dichroanthoides'' Rech. f.

''Trifolium dichroanthum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium diffusum'' Ehrh.

''Trifolium dolopium'' Heldr. & Hausskn. ''ex'' Gibelli & Belli

''Trifolium douglasii'' House

''Trifolium dubium'' Sibth., Lesser Hop Trefoil

''Trifolium echinatum'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium elgonense'' J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium eriocephalum'' Nutt.

''Trifolium eriosphaerum'' Boiss.

|

''Trifolium erubescens'' Fenzl

''Trifolium euxinum'' Zohary

''Trifolium eximium'' Stephan ''ex'' Ser.

''Trifolium fragiferum'' L.

''Trifolium fucatum'' Lindl.

''Trifolium gemellum'' Pourr. ''ex'' Willd.

''Trifolium gillettianum'' Jacq.-Fél.

''Trifolium glanduliferum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium globosum'' L.

''Trifolium glomeratum'' L.

''Trifolium gordejevii'' (Kom.) Z. Wei

''Trifolium gracilentum'' Torr. & A. Gray

''Trifolium grandiflorum'' Schreb.

''Trifolium gymnocarpon'' Nutt.

''Trifolium haussknechtii'' Boiss.

''Trifolium haydenii'' Porter

''Trifolium heldreichianum'' (Gibelli & Belli) Hausskn.

''Trifolium hirtum'' All.

''Trifolium howellii'' S. Watson

''Trifolium hybridum'' L., Alsike Clover

''Trifolium incarnatum'' L., Crimson Clover

''Trifolium israeliticum'' Zohary & Katzn.

''Trifolium isthmocarpum'' Brot.

''Trifolium jokerstii'' Vincent & Rand. Morgan

''Trifolium juliani'' Batt.

''Trifolium kingii'' S. Watson

''Trifolium lanceolatum'' (J. B. Gillett) J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium lappaceum'' L.

''Trifolium latifolium'' (Hook.) Greene

''Trifolium latinum'' Sebast.

''Trifolium leibergii'' A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr.

''Trifolium lemmonii'' S. Watson

''Trifolium leucanthum'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium ligusticum'' Balb. ''ex'' Loisel.

''Trifolium longidentatum'' Nábelek

''Trifolium longipes'' Nutt.

''Trifolium lucanicum'' Gasp. ''ex'' Guss.

''Trifolium lugardii'' Bullock

''Trifolium lupinaster'' L.

''Trifolium macilentum'' Greene

''Trifolium macraei'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium macrocephalum'' (Pursh) Poir.

''Trifolium masaiense'' J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium mattirolianum'' Chiov.

''Trifolium mazanderanicum'' Rech. f.

''Trifolium medium'' L.

''Trifolium meduseum'' Blanche ''ex'' Boiss.

''Trifolium meironense'' Zohary & Lerner

''Trifolium michelianum'' Savi.

''Trifolium micranthum'' Viv.

''Trifolium microcephalum'' Pursh

''Trifolium microdon'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium miegeanum'' Maire

''Trifolium monanthum'' A. Gray

''Trifolium montanum'' L.

''Trifolium mucronatum'' Willd. ''ex'' Spreng.

''Trifolium multinerve'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium mutabile'' Port.

''Trifolium nanum'' Torr.

''Trifolium neurophyllum'' Greene

''Trifolium nigrescens'' Viv.

''Trifolium noricum'' Wulfen

''Trifolium obscurum'' Savi

''Trifolium obtusiflorum'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium ochroleucum'' Huds.

''Trifolium oliganthum'' Steud.

''Trifolium ornithopodioides'' L.

''Trifolium owyheense'' Gilkey

''Trifolium pachycalyx'' Zohary

''Trifolium palaestinum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium pallescens'' Schreb.

''Trifolium pallidum'' Waldst. & Kit.

''Trifolium pannonicum'' Jacq.

''Trifolium parnassi'' Boiss. & Spruner

''Trifolium parryi'' A. Gray

''Trifolium patens'' Schreb.

''Trifolium patulum'' Tausch

''Trifolium pauciflorum'' d'Urv.

''Trifolium petitianum'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium philistaeum'' Zohary

''Trifolium phitosianum'' N. Böhling ''et al''.

''Trifolium phleoides'' Pourr. ''ex'' Willd.

|

''Trifolium physanthum'' Hook. & Arn.

''Trifolium physodes'' Steven ''ex'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium pichisermollii'' J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium pignantii'' Brongn. & Bory

''Trifolium pilczii'' Adamović

''Trifolium pilulare'' Boiss.

''Trifolium pinetorum'' Greene

''Trifolium plebeium'' Boiss.

''Trifolium plumosum'' Douglas

''Trifolium polymorphum'' Poir.

''Trifolium polyodon'' Greene

''Trifolium polyphyllum'' C. A. Mey.

''Trifolium polystachyum'' Fresen.

''Trifolium praetermissum'' Greuter ''et al''.

''Trifolium pratense'' L., Red clover

''Trifolium prophetarum'' M. Hossain

''Trifolium pseudostriatum'' Baker f.

''Trifolium purpureum'' Loisel.

''Trifolium purseglovei'' J. B. Gillett

''Trifolium quartinianum'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium radicosum'' Boiss. & Hohen.

''Trifolium reflexum'' L.

''Trifolium repens'' L., Shamrock (white clover)

''Trifolium resupinatum'' L.

''Trifolium retusum'' L.

''Trifolium riograndense'' Burkart

''Trifolium roussaeanum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium rubens'' L.

''Trifolium rueppellianum'' Fresen.

''Trifolium salmoneum'' Mouterde

''Trifolium saxatile'' All.

''Trifolium scabrum'' L.

''Trifolium schimperi'' A. Rich.

''Trifolium scutatum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium sebastianii'' Savi

''Trifolium semipilosum'' Fresen.

''Trifolium setiferum'' Boiss.

''Trifolium simense'' Fresen.

''Trifolium sintenisii'' Freyn

''Trifolium siskiyouense'' J. M. Gillett

''Trifolium somalense'' Taub.

''Trifolium spadiceum'' L.

''Trifolium spananthum'' Thulin

''Trifolium spumosum'' L.

''Trifolium squamosum'' L.

''Trifolium squarrosum'' L.

''Trifolium stellatum'' L.

''Trifolium steudneri'' Schweinf.

''Trifolium stipulaceum'' Thunb.

''Trifolium stoloniferum'' Muhl. ''ex'' A. Eaton, Running Buffalo Clover

''Trifolium stolzii'' Harms

''Trifolium striatum'' L.

''Trifolium strictum'' L.

''Trifolium subterraneum'' L., Subterranean clover

''Trifolium suffocatum'' L.

''Trifolium sylvaticum'' Gérard ''ex'' Loisel.

''Trifolium tembense'' Fresen.

''Trifolium thalii'' Vill.

''Trifolium thompsonii'' C. V. Morton

''Trifolium tomentosum'' L.

''Trifolium triaristatum'' Bertero ''ex'' Colla

''Trifolium trichocalyx'' A. Heller

''Trifolium trichocephalum'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium trichopterum'' Pančić

''Trifolium tumens'' Steven ''ex'' M. Bieb.

''Trifolium ukingense'' Harms

''Trifolium uniflorum'' L.

''Trifolium usambarense'' Taub.

''Trifolium variegatum'' Nutt.

''Trifolium vavilovii'' Eig

''Trifolium velebiticum'' Degen

''Trifolium velenovskyi'' Vandas

''Trifolium vernum'' Phil.

''Trifolium vesiculosum'' Savi

''Trifolium vestitum'' D. Heller & Zohary

''Trifolium virginicum'' Small

''Trifolium wentzelianum'' Harms

''Trifolium wettsteinii'' Dörfl. & Hayek

''Trifolium wigginsii'' J. M. Gillett

''Trifolium willdenovii'' Spreng., Tomcat clover

''Trifolium wormskioldii'' Lehm., Cow clover

|}

Gallery

See also

Cloverleaf quasar

Cloverleaf interchange

Four-leaf clover

Sweet clover

References

Quattrofolium

External links

Edibility of clover: Edible parts and visual identification of wild clover.

http://msucares.com/news/print/agnews/an04/040311.html Nitrogen fixation

Category:Faboideae Category:Forages Category:Garden plants Category:Groundcovers Category:Honey plants Category:Nitrogen-fixing crops Category:Plants and pollinators Category:Pollination management

ar:نفل az:Yonca be:Канюшына be-x-old:Канюшына br:Melchon bg:Детелина ca:Trèvol cs:Jetel cy:Meillionen da:Kløver de:Klee dsb:Źiśelina et:Ristik myv:Ашо пря чавканьбал es:Trifolium eo:Trifolio eu:Hirusta fa:شبدر fr:Trèfle ga:Seamair gl:Trevo ko:토끼풀속 hsb:Dźećel io:Trifolio os:Æртæсыфон it:Trifolium he:תלתן ka:სამყურა csb:Kòniczëna lt:Dobilas li:Kliè nl:Klaver (plant) ja:クローバー no:Kløverslekta nn:Kløver koi:Сизьюр kk:Беде nds:Klever pl:Koniczyna pt:Trifolium ro:Trifoi qu:Chikmu ru:Клевер se:Luovvarat simple:Clover szl:Kraśikůń fi:Apilat sv:Klöversläktet uk:Конюшина vi:Chi Cỏ ba lá zh:三叶草属

name	Joan Jett
background	solo_singer
birth name	Joan Marie Larkin
alias	Joan Jett
birth date	September 22, 1958
origin	Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States
instrument	Vocals, guitar, bass guitar
genre	Rock, hard rock, punk rock
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician
years active	1975–present
label	Blackheart, Epic, Boardwalk, MCA, CBS/Sony, Warner Bros.
associated acts	The Runaways, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts
website
notable instruments	Gibson Melody Maker }}

Joan Jett (born Joan Marie Larkin; September 22, 1958) is an American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and actress.

She is best known for her work with Joan Jett & the Blackhearts including their hit cover "I Love Rock 'n' Roll", which was #1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1, 1982, as well as for their other popular recordings including "Crimson and Clover", "I Hate Myself for Loving You", "Do You Want to Touch Me", "Light of Day", "Love Is All Around", "Bad Reputation".

Her musical and songwriting approach is heavily influenced by the hard-edged, hard beat-driven rhythms common to many rock bands of her native Philadelphia, often featuring lyrics surrounding themes of lost love, criticisms of insincerity, the quest for authenticity, as well as the struggles and resolutions of the American middle class. She has three albums that have been certified Platinum or Gold, and she has been referred to as the "Queen of Rock 'n' Roll" many times during her career.

Biography

Early life

Joan Jett was born at Lankenau Hospital in Wynnewood, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She moved to Rockville, Maryland, in 1967 where she attended Randolph Junior High and Wheaton High School. In her teens, Jett would sneak out at night to go to concerts with friends. She got her first guitar for Christmas from her parents at the age of 13, and she mostly spent time after that writing songs. Joan initially took some guitar lessons, but quit soon after when the instructor kept trying to teach her folk songs. She also became involved with a bartender at a club from the town, at which point her family then relocated to the city of West Covina, California, in Los Angeles County, providing Jett the opportunity to pursue her musical endeavors.

In Los Angeles, Joan interacted with some of her idols, including Suzi Quatro, one of the first female rock musicians who played an instrument on stage. Quatro was vital to Joan's career, and Joan adopted many of Suzi's qualities including her shag haircut and style. Jett would quietly wait in the lobby of various hotels that Suzi was staying in during her US tours, just to catch a glimpse of her. She wore wooden platform shoes with "Suzi Quatro" carved into the side. Her favorite night spot was Rodney Bingenheimer's English Disco. Joan was further introduced to the glam-rock style she so adored as this genre was explosive in the UK and Europe, but never quite took off in the US. Rodney's was the only place Jett could hear this style of music, and it certainly helped develop her image.

The Runaways

Jett is a founding member of The Runaways along with drummer Sandy West. Micki Steele (who was later replaced), Jackie Fox, Lita Ford, and Cherie Currie completed the line-up. While Currie initially fronted the band, Jett shared some lead vocals, played rhythm guitar and wrote or co-wrote a lot of the band's material along with Ford, West and Currie. The band recorded five LPs, with ''Live In Japan'' becoming one of the biggest-selling imports in U.S. and U.K. history. The band toured around the world and some of their opening acts included Cheap Trick, Van Halen and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. They found success abroad, especially in Japan. In 2010, ''The Runaways'', a movie about Joan Jett's band, was made, starring Kristen Stewart as Jett and Dakota Fanning as Cherie Currie.

While The Runaways were popular in Europe, Asia, Australia, Canada and South America, they could not garner the same level of success in the U.S. After Currie, the lead singer, left the band, the band released two more albums with Jett handling the lead vocals: ''Waitin' for the Night'' and ''And Now... The Runaways''. Altogether they produced five albums from 1975 until they disbanded in spring of 1979 due to musical differences.

Soon after, Jett produced The Germs' first and only album ''(GI)''.

Solo

In the spring of 1979, Jett was in England pursuing a solo career. She recorded three songs there with Sex Pistols' Paul Cook and Steve Jones (one of which was an early version of The Arrows' "I Love Rock 'n' Roll").

Later that year, she returned to Los Angeles, where she began fulfilling an obligation of the Runaways' to complete a film—loosely based on the band's career—called ''We're All Crazee Now!'' Three actresses required to stand in for her departed band members included the iconic cult star Rainbeaux Smith, who was also a rock drummer. While working on the project, Jett met songwriter and producer Kenny Laguna, who was hired by Toby Mamis to help Jett with writing some tracks for the film. They became friends and decided to work together and she relocated to Long Beach, New York where Kenny Laguna was based. The plug was pulled on the project halfway through shooting with Jett being ill, but in 1984, after Jett had become a major star, producers looked for a way to make use of the footage from the incomplete film. Bits of the original footage of Jett were used in a completely different project, an underground movie called ''DuBeat-Eo'', never commercially released, produced by Alan Sacks.

Jett and Laguna entered The Who’s Ramport Studios with the latter at the helm. Jett's self-titled solo debut was released in Europe on May 17, 1980. In the US, after the album was rejected by 23 major labels, Jett and Laguna released it independently on their new Blackheart Records label, which they started with Laguna's daughter's college savings. Laguna remembers, "We couldn't think of anything else to do, but print up records ourselves", and that's how Blackheart Records started.

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts

With Laguna's assistance, Jett formed the Blackhearts. She placed an ad in the ''L.A. Weekly'' "looking for three good men." John Doe of X sat in on bass for the auditions held at S.I.R. studios in Los Angeles. He mentioned a local bass player, Gary Ryan, who had recently been crashing on his couch. Ryan was part of the L.A. punk scene and had played bass with local artists Top Jimmy and Rik L. Rik. He had been a fan of the Runaways and Jett for years. Jett recognized him at the audition and he was in. Ryan in turn recommended guitarist Eric Ambel, who was also at the time part of Rik L. Rik. The final addition to the original Blackhearts was drummer Danny "Furious" O'Brien, formerly of the infamous San Francisco band The Avengers. This line-up played several gigs at the Golden Bear and Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood before embarking on their first European tour which consisted of an extensive tour of the Netherlands, and a few key shows in England including the Marquee in London.

Upon returning to the States, Jett, Ryan, and Ambel moved to Long Beach, New York. O'Brien stayed behind in England to pursue other interests. Auditions were set up and Lee Crystal, formerly of The Boyfriends and Sylvain Sylvain, became the new drummer. Joan Jett and the Blackhearts then toured throughout the US and built quite a following in New York. Jett and Laguna soon used their personal savings to press up copies of the ''Joan Jett'' album and set up their own system of independent distribution, sometimes selling the albums out of the trunk of Laguna's Cadillac at the end of each concert. Laguna was unable to keep up with demand for her album. Eventually, old friend and founder of Casablanca Records, Neil Bogart, made a joint venture with Laguna and signed Jett to his new label, Boardwalk Records and re-released the ''Joan Jett'' album as ''Bad Reputation''. After a year of touring and recording, The Blackhearts recorded a new album entitled ''I Love Rock 'n Roll'' for the label. Ambel was replaced by local guitarist Ricky Byrd during the recording.

With Byrd on guitar, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts recorded their hit album. The new single was a re-recording of the title track, "I Love Rock 'n' Roll", which in the first half of 1982 was number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks in a row. It is ''Billboard''’s #56 song of all time.

A string of Top 40 hits followed, as well as sellout tours with The Police, Queen, and Aerosmith, among others. She was among the first English-speaking rock acts to appear in Panama and the Dominican Republic.

After receiving her own MTV New Year's Eve special, Jett beat out a number of contenders to appear in the movie ''Light of Day'' with Michael J. Fox. Bruce Springsteen wrote the song "Light of Day" especially for the movie, and her performance was critically acclaimed. It was about this time that Ryan and Crystal left the Blackhearts. They were soon replaced by the powerful rhythm section of Thommy Price and Kasim Sulton. Later that year, Jett released ''Good Music'', which featured appearances by The Beach Boys, The Sugarhill Gang and singer Darlene Love.

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts became the first rock band to perform a series of shows at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on Broadway, breaking the record at the time for the fastest ticket sell-out. Her next release, ''Up Your Alley'', went multi-platinum and was followed by ''The Hit List'', which was an album consisting of cover songs. During this time, Jett co-wrote the song "House of Fire", which appeared on Alice Cooper's 1989 album ''Trash''.

Her 1991 release ''Notorious'', which featured The Replacements' Paul Westerberg and former Billy Idol bassist Phil Feit, was the last with Sony/CBS as Jett switched to Warner Brothers. A CD single of "Let's Do It" featuring Jett and Westerberg was also released during this time and appeared in the song credits for the movie ''Tank Girl''. In 1993, Jett and Laguna released ''Flashback'', a compilation of various songs on their own Blackheart Records.

Jett produced several bands prior to releasing her debut and her label Blackheart Records released recordings from varied artists such as thrash metal band Metal Church and rapper Big Daddy Kane.

The press touted Jett as the "Godmother of Punk" and the "Original Riot Grrrl." In 1994, the Blackhearts released the well-received ''Pure and Simple'', which featured tracks written with Babes in Toyland's Kat Bjelland, L7's Donita Sparks and Bikini Kill's Kathleen Hanna.

Later years

Jett returned to producing for the band Circus Lupus in 1992 and again, in 1994, for Bikini Kill. This recording was the ''New Radio'' EP for which she also played and sang back-up vocals. The Riot Grrrl movement started in the 1990s, with Bikini Kill as a representative band, and many of these women credited Jett as a role model and inspiration.

In 1997 Joan Jett was featured on the ''We Will Fall: The Iggy Pop Tribute'' record. She performed a cover of the Johnny O'Keefe song "Wild One" (or "Real Wild Child").

Near the end of the 1990s she worked with members of the punk band The Gits, whose lead singer and lyricist, Mia Zapata, had been raped and murdered in 1993. The results of their collaboration was a live LP, ''Evil Stig'' and a single, "Bob", whose earnings were contributed to the investigation of Zapata's murder. To this end, the band and Jett appeared on the TV show ''America's Most Wanted'', appealing to the public for information. The case was solved in 2004, when Zapata's murderer, Jesus Mezquia, was brought to trial and convicted.

Jett performed "I Love Rock 'n Roll" with the Trans-Siberian Orchestra at Madison Square Garden in New York City on December 19, 2005.

Jett is a guest artist on Marky Ramone's solo album ''Start of the Century'' on the track "Don't Blame Me".

She is a guest vocalist on Peaches' album ''Impeach My Bush'' on the tracks "Boys Want to Be Her" and "You Love It".

At an October 2001 9/11 benefit in Red Bank, New Jersey, Jett and Springsteen appeared together on stage for the first time and played "Light Of Day". Jett, overcome with emotion, declared it one of the greatest moments in her career.

In 2004, Jett and Laguna produced "No Apologies" by Warped Tour favorite The Eyeliners, after signing them. Jett also guested on the track "Destroy" and made a cameo appearance in the music video.

In 2005, Jett discovered Cleveland punk rockers The Vacancies. She and Laguna signed the band and produced their second album, ''A Beat Missing or a Silence Added'' (reaching the top 20 in CMJ Music Charts) and their third album in 2007, ''Tantrum''.

In 2005, she was recruited by Steven Van Zandt to host her own radio show on Van Zandt's ''Underground Garage'' radio channel on Sirius Satellite Radio. She hosted a four-hour show titled ''Joan Jett's Radio Revolution'', broadcast every Saturday and Sunday. The program moved from Sirius 25 to Sirius 28 shortly before being canceled in June 2008.

In 2005, Jett and Laguna celebrated the 25th anniversary of Blackheart Records with a sellout show at Manhattan's Webster Hall, which featured their groups The Eyeliners and The Vacancies as openers to the headlining act, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts.

In June 2006, Joan Jett released her album, ''Sinner'', on her own label, Blackheart Records. To support the album, the band appeared on the 2006 Warped Tour and on a fall 2006 tour with Eagles of Death Metal. Various other bands like Antigone Rising, Valient Thorr, The Vacancies, Throw Rag and Riverboat Gamblers were to have joined the tour for a handful of dates each.

Jett sang a duet with Chase Noles on "Tearstained Letters", a song on the Heart Attacks' 2006 album, ''Hellbound and Heartless''.

A Joan Jett video with Paul, Paul Jr. and Mikey Teutul of the Learning Channel show ''American Chopper'' aired on January 14, 2007. The making of that video was presented in a segment of the show that aired on The Learning Channel on February 22, 2007. In late June, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts performed at Dolphin Stadium in Miami, following a Florida Marlins baseball game.

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts headlined the Albuquerque, New Mexico Freedom Fourth celebration on July 4, 2007, with an estimated crowd of 65,000 in attendance at the annual outdoor event.

In November 2007, Jett and the Blackhearts appeared with Motörhead and Alice Cooper in a UK arena tour, that leg constituting a "reconciliation" of sorts with Jett's former personal manager, Toby Mamis, now the co-manager of Alice Cooper, and Jett opened eight American shows on Aerosmith's 2007 World Tour.

Following The Dave Clark Five's induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, on March 10, 2008, Jett, as part of the ceremony, closed the program with a performance of the DC5's 1964 hit "Bits and Pieces." She was introduced by actor Tom Hanks, who said, "Ladies and gentlemen — at one time, if I had been lucky, one of the most beautiful 'Mrs. Tom Hanks' you can imagine, but I'm not complainin' — Joan Jett!"

Jett and the Blackhearts appeared on several dates of the True Colors Tour 2008. in the summer of 2008. She opened for Def Leppard in August.

On April 24, 2010, it was announced on Green Day's official website that Jett would be supporting them on their summer European tour.

In June 2010, Joan Jett and The Blackhearts opened for Green Day on their UK tour alongside acts such as Frank Turner and Paramore.

The group was the opening act for Aerosmith's September 2010 Canadian tour.

Joan Jett and The Blackhearts were part of the lineup for Australia's The Falls Music & Arts Festival, December 29 through January 1, 2010, in Australia.

Current projects

Jett was an executive producer for the film ''The Runaways'', which chronicled the Runaways' career. Floria Sigismondi, who directed videos for Marilyn Manson, the White Stripes and David Bowie, wrote and directed. Production of the movie began filming around ''Twilight'''s Kristen Stewart's filming schedule, (i.e. of the sequels ''New Moon'' and ''Eclipse''). Stewart played Joan Jett in the film. In order to prepare for the role, Stewart met Jett around the 08/09 New Year. In an interview, Stewart revealed that she hoped to be able to sing some of the songs in the film. The film explores the friendship between Jett and Runaways' lead singer, Cherie Currie, played by Dakota Fanning, and premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival on Jan. 24, 2010. Joan Jett and the Blackhearts appeared at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, at Harry-O's, for The Runaways promotion, which was also attended by Kristen Stewart and Dakota Fanning.

March 2010 saw the release of a 2-CD Greatest Hits album with 4 newly re-recorded songs, 3 of which are Runaways hits, and one a track from her ''I Love Rock 'N' Roll'' album. March 2010 also saw the release of a hardcover biography and picture book, spanning her career from the Runaways to the present day. She also toured in Lewiston, Idaho's "Rockin on the River" music festival held in Clarkston, Washington.

Other work

Jett, a sports fan, has remained actively involved in the sports world. Her cover of "Love is All Around" (the theme song of ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'') became an anthem in women's sports and was used by the NCAA to promote the Women's Final Four, as well as the song "Unfinished Business" which was never commercially released. "Love Is All Around" went into radio play and became the number one requested song without an existing (support) CD. Jett supplied theme songs for the ESPN X-Games premiere and has contributed music to all their games since. At Cal Ripken Jr.'s request, she sang the national anthem, at the Baltimore Orioles game in which he tied Lou Gehrig's record for consecutive games played. The melody for her song "I Hate Myself For Loving You" is used as the theme music for ''NBC Sunday Night Football'' with re-worked lyrics and retitled "Waiting All Day For Sunday Night". Jett has also been a consistent supporter of the US Armed Forces, has toured for the USO for over 20 years, and even played West Point. On May 15, 2006, Jett visited the Pentagon, and many photographs were taken with personnel.

Satire

In 1983, musical satirist "Weird Al" Yankovic released a parody of "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" entitled "I Love Rocky Road," changing the singer's passion for rock music with that for ice cream. Yankovic's parody covered Jett's version completely, save for her guitar riffs which were replaced by Yankovic's accordion.

The comic strip Bloom County included a character named Tess Turbo. Her band was The Blackheads.

Film, stage and television appearances

Jett's first appearance on film is in the 1981 live concert film ''Urgh! A Music War'', performing "Bad Reputation" with the Blackhearts at The Ritz in New York City. She made her acting debut in 1987, co-starring with Gena Rowlands and Michael J. Fox in the Paul Schrader film ''Light of Day''. She appeared in independent films, including ''The Sweet Life'' and ''Boogie Boy''.

During the 1990s, she appeared on the sitcom ''Ellen'', performing the title song. In 1992, she was the guest star on an episode of TV's ''Highlander: The Series'', the first musician to guest star in the series.

The 1999 show ''Freaks and Geeks'' used the song "Bad Reputation" as the opening theme.

In 2000, Jett appeared in the Broadway production of ''The Rocky Horror Show'' in the role of Columbia. That same year, Jett appeared on ''Walker, Texas Ranger'' as an ex-CIA agent turned assassin hired to kill Walker and Alex.

In 2002, Jett appeared in the film ''By Hook or by Crook'' in the role of News Interviewee.

From 2000 to 2003, to support work by first time filmmakers and the indie film business, Jett hosted a showcase of new film and video shorts, ''Independent Eye'', for Maryland Public Television.

In 2008, Jett made a cameo appearance in Darren Lynn Bousman's rock opera/file ''Repo! The Genetic Opera'' as the guitarist in Shilo's room during the piece "Seventeen". In February 2008, she made a cameo appearance in Jimmy Kimmel's popular video skit, "I'm Fucking Ben Affleck".

On July 13, 2008, she appeared in the ''Law & Order: Criminal Intent'' episode "Reunion" as a rock and roll talk show host who is murdered.

On March 9, 2010, she appeared as a guest on ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno''. Accompanied by the Blackhearts, she performed "Cherry Bomb".

On March 24, 2010, she appeared as a guest on ''The Late Show with David Letterman''. Accompanied by the Blackhearts, she performed "Bad Reputation".

On April 14, 2011, she appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show with Miley Cyrus, performing a medley of Joan's biggest hits: "Bad Reputation", "Cherry Bomb" and "I Hate Myself for Loving you".

On November 15, 2011, she appeared on ''The Late Show with David Letterman'' and performed "Bad Reputation" along with the Foo Fighters.

Politics

Jett supported Howard Dean in the 2004 election because of his position on the War in Iraq. She has also been a vegetarian for over 20 years.

Accolades and awards

Jett was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in October 2006. In 2003, Jett was named in the ''Rolling Stone'' greatest 100 guitarists of all time at number 87. She was one of only two women in this list, the other being Joni Mitchell at number 72. Jett is listed as one of ''Blender'''s "hottest women of rock" 21 years after she started The Runaways". Joan Jett is honored by Gibson with a signature model of her Melody Maker, which is a white double cutaway with one zebra humbucker and "kill" toggle switch. Jett bought her guitar from Eric Carmen, following the breakup of the Raspberries. On September 27, 2011, it was announced that Jett was a nominee for induction to the Rock And Roll Hall of Fame's class of 2012, however she was ultimately passed over.

Discography

Studio albums as Joan Jett

''Joan Jett'' (1980)

''Bad Reputation'' (1981)

Studio albums (With the Blackhearts)

''I Love Rock 'n' Roll'' (1981)

''Album'' (1983)

''Glorious Results of a Misspent Youth'' (1984)

''Good Music'' (1986)

''Up Your Alley'' (1988)

''Notorious'' (1991)

''Pure and Simple'' (1994)

''Sinner'' (2006)

Cover albums

''The Hit List'' (1990)

Collaboration albums

''Evil Stig'' (with The Gits) (1995)

Fan club albums

''1979'' (1995)

Japan-only release

''Naked'' (2004)

References

External links

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts

Joan Jett and the Blackhearts Bad Reputation Nation

Blackheart Records

;Interviews

Interview: Joan Jett on ''Sinner''

Joan Jett Interview on ''The Hour'' with George Stroumboulopoulos

Joan Jett interview from PETA2

Joan Jett interview with ''SPIN''

Joan Jett interview with The Beachcomber

Crimson and Clover – Joan Jett interview BEAT

Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:American female guitarists Category:American female singers Category:American mezzo-sopranos Category:American punk rock singers Category:American vegans Category:Female punk rock singers Category:Feminist musicians Category:Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:Rhythm guitarists Category:The Runaways members Category:Third-wave feminism Category:Blackheart Records artists Category:Article Feedback 5

cs:Joan Jett da:Joan Jett de:Joan Jett es:Joan Jett fr:Joan Jett gl:Joan Jett ko:조안 제트 it:Joan Jett nl:Joan Jett ja:ジョーン・ジェット no:Joan Jett pl:Joan Jett pt:Joan Jett ru:Джетт, Джоан simple:Joan Jett sk:Joan Jett fi:Joan Jett sv:Joan Jett

name	Megumi Hinata
background	solo_singer
alias	GUMI, g.e.m., meg hinata, meg rock, *mgrck
origin	Japan
instrument	Vocals, Piano
genre	Japanese pop, pop rock
occupation	Singer, songwriter
years active	1998 - present
associated acts	g.e.m., Melocure
website	http://www.megrock.com }}

is a Japanese singer, lyricist and musician. She is currently signed to Mellow Head.

Biography

Megumi Hinata began learning to play the piano at the age of four, and said she first became interested in music in the latter half of elementary school, which she spent in the United States. After returning to Japan, she began writing lyrics and music, and participated in band activities at school.

Hinata is considerably fluent in English. Her lyrics often contain whole verses or choruses in English, and she has even written a few songs entirely in English. She has also translated lyrics for other artists from English to Japanese (Hilary Duff's song "I Can't Wait", for example) as well as from Japanese to English.

Career

Throughout her career she has operated under many names. Under the direction of Kohmi Hirose, Megumi Hinata had her singing debut in 1998 as GUMI (グミ) and sung the theme song and several insert songs for the immensely popular ''Card Captor Sakura'' anime. She changed her solo stage name to meg rock in 2004.

In addition to her solo career, she had a side project with Akimitsu Honma from 2000 to 2001 called g.e.m., and another with Ritsuko Okazaki started in April 2002 called Melocure, which ended abruptly due to Okazaki's death in 2004. Melocure created music for a number of anime series including ''UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie'', ''Stratos 4'', and ''Oku-sama wa Mahō Shōjo: Bewitched Agnes''.

As a producer and lyricist, she is known either as Megumi Hinata, meg hinata or meg rock. She has produced songs for a great number of singers, the most famous of which include Chieko Kawabe, Nami Tamaki, and Shoko Nakagawa.

Discography

Singles

1998.04.22 Catch You Catch Me / HITORIJIME (ヒトリジメ) (as GUMI) - first season opening theme to ''Card Captor Sakura''

2000.07.26 c/w you. (as g.e.m.)

2002.07.20 Itoshii Kakera (愛しいかけら) (in Melocure) - first season opening theme to ''UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie''

2003.02.01 1st Priority (in Melocure) - opening theme to ''Stratos 4''

2003.10.22 Meguriai (めぐり逢い) (in Melocure) - second opening theme to ''UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie''

2005.02.23 Baby Low Tension (ベビーローテンション) (as meg rock) - opening theme to ''Peach Girl''

2005.06.22 Natsu no Mukōgawa (夏の向こう側) (as Megumi Hinata) - third season opening theme to ''UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie''

2005.07.27 Home & Away (ホーム＆アウェイ) (in Melocure, c/w Kikuko Inoue's ''Jewelry'') - opening theme to ''Okusama ha Mahō Shōjo''

2005.11.09 clover (as meg rock) - opening theme to ''SoltyRei''

2006.05.10 incl. (as meg rock) - ending theme to ''Joshikōsei GIRL'S HIGH''

2008.10.22 Kimi no Koto (君のこと) (as meg rock)

2009.01.21 Egao no Riyū (笑顔の理由) (as meg rock) - opening theme to ''Asu no Yoichi!''

Albums

2000.10.25 g.e.m. (as g.e.m.)

2004.03.17 Melodic Hard Cure (メロディック・ハード・キュア) (in Melocure)

2004.09.29 Loveboat (ラブボ) (as meg rock)

2008.02.27 mighty roller coaster (as meg rock)

Miscellaneous songs

"Chiisa na Uta" (in UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie)

"GO THE DISTANCE" (with MI:LAGRO)

"PEACE WITHIN THE BRIGHTNESS" (with MI:LAGRO)

"picnic" (as GUMI, in Card Captor Sakura)

"super duper love love days" (as GUMI, in Card Captor Sakura)

"Sweet Darling" (produced by Masaharu Fukuyama)

"Staple" (Opening theme to anime ''Bakemonogatari'' )

Production/work for other artists

3B LAB.*: English adviser

Aki Misato: "before", "Happiness"

Ami Koshimizu: "KOKORO no Fukai TOKORO"

Athena & Robikerottsu (Hello! Project): "Honki MEKIMEKI * TOKIMEKIMEKI", "Yuugure Sherbet"

Bakemonogatari anime: "Staple Stable", "Kaerimichi," "Ambivalent World," "Ren'ai Circulation," "Sugar Sweet Nightmare"

Chieko Kawabe: "be your girl", "Cry baby", "Hoshi ni Negai wo", "I Can't Wait" (Hilary Duff cover), "little wing"

Chinatouchable: "Haru Harari", "Shōri no Hanabira"

Cluster'S: "Ryūsei Shoot"

Dir en grey: translation of all lyrics in Kyo's poetry book ''Zenryaku, Ogenki Desu ka? Saihate no Chi Yori Na mo Naki Kimi ni Ai wo Komete...'' into English

Hisayo Mochizuki: "Heart Wing -Kokoro no Tsubasa-", "Himitsu", "Tanoshii Eikaiwa de Happy Life wo!"

Kana Ueda: "Dry Curry", "Kaze ni Nosete", "Namida-biyori"

Masumi Asano: "Funsui Kōen"

Megumi Ogata: "SHINKA-SHINKA"

Nami Tamaki: "better half", "New World"

Peach Girl anime: "Atashi ga Shuyaku!", "Tashika na Mono"

Ritsuko Okazaki: "Itsu de mo Hohoemi wo"

Ryōko Shintani: "Hajimete"

Sh15uya / SAE: "Sekai no Owari"

SHIPS (in ''Kirarin Revolution''): "LOVE*MEGA"

Shoko Nakagawa: "Catch You Catch Me", "happily ever after", "Kimi ni Melolon", "Macaroon♥Holiday", "Ōedo ha Carnival!", "Sherbet-iro no Jikan", "Sora-iro DAYS", "through the looking glass", "Tsuzuku Sekai"

UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie anime: "Kimi wo Sagashiteru", "Marble", "Save♥", "STAR WORDS", "Watashitachi no Miracle"

Sources and notes

External links

Megumi Hinata's official website

Category:Japanese singer-songwriters Category:Living people

fr:Megumi Hinata id:Megumi Hinata ja:日向めぐみ