Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
Official name	Southampton
Nickname	so'ton
Settlement type	Unitary & City
Blank emblem type	Logo of the City Council
Blank emblem link	Southampton City Council
Map caption	Southampton shown within Hampshire
Dot x	|dot_y
Pushpin map
Pushpin label position
Pushpin mapsize
Subdivision type	Sovereign state
Subdivision name	United Kingdom
Subdivision type1
Subdivision name1	England
Subdivision type2	Region
Subdivision name2	South East England
Subdivision type3
Subdivision name3	Hampshire
Subdivision type4	Admin HQ
Subdivision name4	Southampton
Government type	Unitary authority, City
Leader title	Governing body
Leader name	Southampton City Council
Leader title1	Leadership
Leader name1	Leader & Cabinet
Leader title2	Executive
Leader name2
Leader title3	MPs
Leader name3	John Denham (L)Alan Whitehead (L)Caroline Nokes (C)
Established title	Settled
Established date	c. AD43
Established title2	City Status
Established date2	1964
Established title3	Unitary Authority
Established date3	1997
Area magnitude	1 E7
Unit pref
Area total km2	51.47
Area land km2
Area blank1 sq mi
Population as of	2007 est
Population total	234,100(Ranked 57)
Population density km2	4454
Population metro	1,000,000
Population urban	304,400 (Southampton Urban Area)
Population blank1 title	County
Population blank1	1,691,001 (Hampshire)
Population blank2 title	Ethnicity (United Kingdom 2005 Estimate)
Population blank2	80.5% White9.5% S. Asian4% Black.3% Chinese or other3% Mixed Race
Population density blank2 sq mi
Timezone	Greenwich Mean Time
Utc offset	+0
Timezone dst	British Summer Time
Utc offset dst	+1
Elevation footnotes
Elevation ft
Postal code type	Postcode span
Postal code	SO14-SO19
Area code	023
Blank name	Grid Ref.
Blank info
Blank1 name	ONS code
Blank1 info	00MS
Website	www.southampton.gov.uk/
Footnotes	}}

Southampton () is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.

Significant employers in Southampton include the University of Southampton, Southampton Airport, the Ford Transit factory, Ordnance Survey, the BBC through Radio Solent and South Today, the NHS and one of the largest commercial ports in Europe. The city represents the core of the Greater Southampton region, and the city itself has an estimated population of 234,600 (MYE 2008). Southampton combines with Portsmouth to form a single metropolitan area stretching from Salisbury to Bognor Regis. With a population of 1,547,000 this is the United Kingdom's eighth most populous metropolitan area. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian. Southampton is noted for its association with the , the ''Spitfire'' and more recently a number of the largest cruise ships in the world.

History

Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. According to the ''Chronicle of the Britons'' the Ancient Britons had called the place ''Porth Hamon'' after a certain Lelius Hamo, a traitor who had murdered king Togodumnus during the early stages of the Roman invasion of Britain. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.

The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as ''Hamwic'', which evolved into ''Hamtun'' and then ''Hampton''. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.

Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.

Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth and wool.

Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as ''King John's House'' and ''Canute's Palace'' are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton. The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.

The city walls include ''God's House Tower'', built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Today, it is open as the Museum of Archaeology. The walls were completed in the 15th century, but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications.

On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way. The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Southampton, founded circa 1233 and dissolved in 1538, were swept away in the 1940s. The site is now occupied by Friary House.

Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.

In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.

During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.

Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.

Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.

The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as ''The Gateway to the Empire''.

The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the ''Mayflower'' in 1620. In 1912, the sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner and her running mate . In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.

The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944.

630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.

Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II. Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. However a large portion of those walls remain.

A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

Government

After the establishment of Hampshire County Council following the Act in 1888 Southampton became a County borough within the county of Hampshire,which meant that it had many features of County but the governance was shared now between the Corporation in Southampton and the new County Council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient Shire County, along with its associated Assizes, was known as the ''County of Southampton'' or ''Southamptonshire''. This was officially changed to ''Hampshire'' in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.

Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth. By a Charter of Henry VI granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 32), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire.

The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a County Borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 6 March 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II,creating the City and County of the City of Southampton. The city has undergone many changes to it governance over the centuries and it once again,became administratively independent from Hampshire county as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997—a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county.

Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of sixteen wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four year term, so there are elections 3 years out of 4. As of the 2011 election the composition of the council is:

Party		Members
	Liberal Democrats
Total		48

There are three members of parliament for the city: Rt. Hon. John Denham (Labour) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.

Emergency cover

Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. Police stations within the city boundaries are at Portswood, Bannister Park, Bitterne, and Shirley, with the main base in the city centre, in an eight storey, £30m purpose built building, opened in 2011 on Southern Road close to the south side of the railway station.

Previously, the main police headquarters had been at the civic centre, however these ageing facilities were closed upon the completion of the new building with the building, along with the old magistrates courts above them, to be put to a different purpose. British Transport Police has a police station at Southampton Central railway station.

Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge.

The ambulance service is provided by South Central Ambulance Service.

Geography

The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers.

Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships.

Southampton Water has the benefit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, making the movement of large ships easier. This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water flow is distorted by more local conditions reaching across to France.

The city lies in the Hampshire Basin, which sits atop chalk beds.

The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.

Climate

As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen ''Cfb''). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is amongst the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the British national record June maximum temperature of since 1976.

Demographics

Southampton has a range of cultures and ethnic groups, which make up the estimated 236,700 people living within the city boundary. There is a large Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000, or 1 in every 11 of the total population. Southampton also has large Asian and Irish communities. At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race.

There are 112,400 males within the city and 109,500 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.

Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. The highest increases are expected among the elderly.

Economy

There are 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population, as at March 2007. This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole.

As of June 2006, 74.7 per cent of the city's population are classed as economically active.

Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent. Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.

As of January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East.

Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to luxury cruise ships, as well as being the largest freight port on the Channel coast and fourth largest UK port by tonnage, with several container terminals. Unlike some other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for redevelopment, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Part of the docks has been redeveloped and the Ocean Village development—a local marina and entertainment complex—built. Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport.

During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.

Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust is one of the city's largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative care service at Countess Mountbatten House.

Other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK's national mapping agency, whose headquarters is in the city. The Lloyd's Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a specially developed site at the University of Southampton. The area of Swaythling is home to Ford's Southampton Assembly Plant, where the majority of their Transit models are manufactured.

Southampton's largest retail centre is the WestQuay Shopping Centre. Opened in September 2000 and hosting major high street stores, it is one of the largest in the country. The centre was Phase Two of the West Quay development, the first phase of which was the West Quay Retail Park, while the third phase may begin in 2010, now to be called Watermark Westquay. The plans include shops, housing, an hotel and a public piazza with a planned opening date of 2012. Southampton has been granted a licence for a large casino.

Swedish home products retailer IKEA opened a store on 12 February 2009. near West Quay. Other major shopping areas in the city centre include The Mall Marlands, the Bargate Centre and the East Street area, which has been designated for speciality shopping, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers. In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shopping in the UK.

Southampton's strong economy is promoting redevelopment, and major projects are proposed, including the city's first skyscrapers on the waterfront. The three towers proposed will stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, office blocks and shops. There are also plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina, and a 21-storey hotel on the north eastern corner of the city centre, as part of a £100m development.

Southampton is the only city in the UK with a geothermal power station. The station provides hot water to a city centre district heating scheme. In a recent survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom.

According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.

Culture, media and sport

Culture

The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, recently re-opened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement, Southampton Maritime Museum, God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the citys heritage and located in one of the tower walls, the Medieval Merchant's House and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation. A ''Titanic'' Memorial Museum is planned. Having received half a million pounds from the National Lottery and interest from numerous private investors, the £28 million project is anticipated to open in 2012 – the 100th anniversary year of the tragic maiden voyage. The museum is planned to be inside the western wing of the civic centre, where the old magistrates courts and the police station are currently located

The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city's waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. The Boat Show itself is the climax of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton's links with the sea.

In July 2007, the ''Daily Echo'' quoted a survey which described Southampton one of the best places to live in the UK for single people aged 18 to 30. This was owing to its "low cost of living, wide array of bars and clubs and cheap transport". Women voted it second best behind London, while men rated it as seventh.

The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as The Gaumont), which has hosted West End shows such as ''Les Misérables'', ''The Rocky Horror Show'' and ''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang'', as well as regular visits from Welsh National Opera and English National Ballet. There is also the Nuffield Theatre based at the University of Southampton's Highfield campus, which provides a venue for the Nuffield Theatre Company, touring companies, and local performing societies such as Southampton Operatic Society, The Maskers and The University Players.

There are many innovative art galleries in the city, including the City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre, the Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University and The Art House in Above Bar Street. The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space". A space also run the Art Vaults project, which creatively uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations.

In August 2009, work began on a significant project to create an Arts Quarter in the City Centre, on land adjacent to the Guildhall.

Classical and contemporary music

Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, The Kaiser Chiefs and Amy Winehouse. It also hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, City of Southampton Orchestra, Southampton Concert Orchestra, Southampton Philharmonic Choir and Southampton Choral Society.

The city also has several smaller music venues, including The Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, Turner Sims and The Joiners, as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hamptons and Lennons, and a number of public houses including The Platform tavern, the Dolphin, The Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played host to such acts as Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, The Manic Street Preachers, Coldplay, The Verve, The Libertines and Franz Ferdinand, while Hamptons and Lennons have hosted early appearances by Kate Nash, Scouting for Girls and Band of Skulls.

The city is home or birthplace to a growing number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B soulstar Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper and alternative rock bands Band of Skulls, The Delays and Thomas Tantrum as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Born in Southampton but now living in Canberra is renowned singer/songwriter Michael Catterall.

Cruise shipping

The city is deeply connected to the Cunard Line and their fleet of ships, which are the only passenger vessels to be registered here (having "Southampton" on the stern). The people of Southampton showed their strong connection with Cunard on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard Liner departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations.

Proudly continuing the tradition of luxury cruising that began in 1840, was successfully launched in December 2007 and was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in a spectacular ceremony in Southampton.

In the spring of 2009, a fourth Cruise Terminal was opened in Southampton and Carnival Corporation & plc moved the headquarters of Carnival UK to Southampton.

Many of the world's largest cruise ships (including record-breaking vessels operated by P & O – Cunard's sister company based in the UK – and Royal Caribbean and Cunard) ships as well can regularly be seen in Southampton Water

Media

Local media include the ''Southern Daily Echo'' newspaper based in Redbridge and ''BBC South'', which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts ''South Today'', the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Until recently, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the river itchen. Southampton also has a community radio station for the Asian population – Awaaz FM – located in the inner city (www.awaazfm.com). Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include ''Hampshire's Play Radio''—which until 2007 was run by Southampton F.C. and known as ''The Saint'', ''Wave 105'' dealing with Adult contemporary music, ''Galaxy South Coast (previously known as Power FM)'' playing popular music, ''Heart Hampshire'' also dealing with Adult contemporary music and ''The Coast (radio station)''.

Southampton's University has a radio station called SURGE on AM band as well as through the web.

Between 1983–1992 the What's On listings magazine Due South was run from Southampton.

Sport

Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club—nicknamed "The Saints"—who play in the Football League Championship at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "The Dell". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005. Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division. They were also runners-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final. Notable former players include Alan Ball (who was later the club's manager), Theo Walcott, Wayne Bridge, Martin Chivers, Kevin Keegan, Matthew Le Tissier, Alf Ramsey, Alan Shearer, Peter Shilton, Bobby Stokes and Mark Wright. Notable former managers include Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot, Graeme Souness, Dave Jones, Glenn Hoddle, Gordon Strachan, Paul Sturrock, Harry Redknapp and George Burley. In May 2009, The Saints were relegated to League One but gained promotion in 2011. They have a famous rivalry with Portsmouth F.C. ("South Coast derby") which is located only about 30 km away.

The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre.

The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards.

The city is also well provided for in amateur men's and women's rugby with a number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC who were promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. Tottonians are also in London South West division 2 and Southampton RFC are in Hampshire division 1 in 2009/10, alongside Millbrook RFC and Eastleigh RFC. Many of the sides run mini and midi teams from under sevens up to under sixteens for both boys and girls.

The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina. The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Council leisure executives. However these have been sold the operating rights to "Park Wood Leisure."

Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by ''Men's Fitness'' magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks and green spaces available for exercise and the amount of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the country. Speedway racing took place at Bannister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A training track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area. Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh.

The world's oldest surviving bowling green is the Southampton Old Bowling Green, which was first used in 1299.

Crime

According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average. In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population and in the theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7.6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 28.4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 202 crimes are recorded. In August 2008, a Home Office crime report showed that Southampton is the 3rd most dangerous city in the UK. Hampshire Constabulary's figures for 2009/10 show fewer incidents of recorded crime in Southampton than the previous year.

Education

The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of almost 40,000.

The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research.

Southampton Solent University has 17,000 students and its strengths are in the training, design, consultancy, research and other services undertaken for business and industry. It is also host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides training and certification for the international shipping and off-shore oil industries.

Southampton City College is the largest further education college operating in the city. The college offers a range of vocational courses for school leavers, as well as ESOL programmes and Access courses for adult learners.

There are 79 schools in Southampton, comprising:

1 nursery school (The Hardmoor Early Years Centre in Bassett Green)

21 infant schools

16 junior schools

24 primary schools (ages 4 – 11)

10 secondary schools

2 academies (Oasis Academy Mayfield and Oasis Academy Lord's Hill)

5 special schools

Over 40 per cent of school pupils in the city that responded to a survey claimed to have been the victim of bullying. More than 2,000 took part and said that verbal bullying was the most common form, although physical bullying was a close second for boys.

It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff.

Transport

''For the history of transport in Southampton see:'' Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with the Midlands and North. The M271 motorway is a spur of the M27, linking it with the Western Docks and city centre.

Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff.

Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe (on what is now a freight-only line to Fawley) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. The proposal follows a failed plan to bring light-rail to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005.

Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.

While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water.

Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The main bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach, Velvet and Wilts & Dorset. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link and ''City Loop''. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door to door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services.

There are two main termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949.

Southampton used to be home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. New car reception areas now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be.

Areas and suburbs

Southampton is subdivided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas.

Southampton is named the 'Green City' as it is graced with green spaces and parks. The largest green space is the 148 hectare Southampton Common, parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a swimming pool and several lakes and ponds.

There are council estates such as those in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. Overall, the city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.

During the 2006/07 financial year, 1,267 residential dwellings were built in the city—the highest number for 15 years. Over 94 per cent of these properties were flats.

There are 16 Electoral Wards in Southampton, each consisting of longer-established neighbourhoods (see below).

There are also settlements outside the city boundaries that are sometimes considered suburbs of Southampton, including Chartwell Green, Chilworth, Nursling, Rownhams, Totton and West End. Additionally, the villages of Marchwood, Ashurst and Hedge End may be considered exurbs of Southampton.

Notable people

Notable people who either hail from Southampton or who have lived in the city include: Filmmakers Ken Russell and Chris Barfoot, who were both born in Southampton; Coldplay drummer, Will Champion, whose father and late mother taught at the university; R&B; singer Craig David was brought up on the Holyrood estate in the city centre; SKY & International Radio Presenter Andy Collins and naturalist TV presenter Chris Packham are natives and Oscar-winning director of animated films Suzie Templeton grew up in Highfield. Southampton is also the origin of Drone Doom band Moss and alternative pop group Delays. Although many believe BBC Radio One DJ Scott Mills to come from the city he is actually from Eastleigh, he often states that his home was Southampton for convenience as many have not heard of Eastleigh, though comedian Benny Hill had a milk round there – the inspiration for his song ''Ernie (The Fastest Milkman In The West)''.

In the past, the city was home to Isaac Watts, a famous hymn writer, who notably composed ''O God, Our Help in Ages Past'' which is the school hymn of the King Edward VI school in the city and the peal of the Civic Centre clock tower.

Admiral John Jellicoe, commander of the British fleet at the Battle of Jutland was a Sotonian and Argentine governor Juan Manuel de Rosas spent his last years in exile in the city.

Author Jane Austen lived at her brother Frank's home in Southampton from the autumn of 1806 to the spring of 1809.

Thriller writer Brian Freemantle in the 1936 born in Southampton.

2010 The X Factor winner Matt Cardle was born in Southampton.

Merchant Mariner Charles Fryatt was born in Southampton in 1872.

Former England and Southampton footballer Matthew Le Tissier has lived in Southampton since the mid-1980s, and Olympic athlete Iwan Thomas lives there as did former tennis players Wally Masur and Eric Babin.

International Relations

Twin towns and Sister cities

Southampton is twinned with: Le Havre, France ''(since 1973)'' Rems-Murr-Kreis, Germany ''(since 1991)'' Kalisz, Poland

Southampton is also a sister city of: Hampton, Virginia, United States Qingdao, People's Republic of China ''(since 1998)''

Southampton also has a sister port: Busan, South Korea ''(since 1978)''

References

External links

Southampton City Council and CityWeb

Southampton on Wikitravel

Southampton skyline webcam

Southampton.co.uk Supporting Local Life Online

Southampton's Medieval Defences on Google Maps

Category:Article Feedback Pilot Category:Articles including recorded pronunciations (UK English) Category:Populated coastal places in Hampshire Category:Local government in Hampshire Category:Port cities and towns in the United Kingdom Category:Ports and harbours of Hampshire Category:Ports and harbours of the English Channel Category:Staple ports Category:Towns in Hampshire Category:Unitary authorities of England Category:Cities in South East England Category:Local government districts of South East England

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Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	James Horner
size	200px
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	James Roy Horner
birth date	August 14, 1953
instrument	piano
origin	Los Angeles, U.S.
genre	Film score
occupation	Composer
years active	1979–present
associated acts	Will Jennings, Celine Dion, Sissel Kyrkjebø, Ian Underwood, Randy Kerber, Faith Hill, Josh Groban, Linda Ronstadt, Charlotte Church, Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Leona Lewis, Michael Jackson, London Philharmonic Orchestra}}

James Roy Horner (born August 14, 1953) is an American composer, orchestrator and conductor of orchestral and film music. He is noted for the integration of choral and electronic elements in many of his film scores, and for frequent use of Celtic musical elements. His score to the 1997 film ''Titanic'' remains the best selling orchestral film soundtrack of all time.

In addition, Horner has scored over 100 films, frequently collaborating with acclaimed directors such as James Cameron and Ron Howard. Other scores he worked on include those of ''Braveheart'', ''Willow'', ''Apollo 13'', ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'', ''Cocoon'', ''Legends of the Fall'', ''Aliens'', ''Glory'', ''The Mask of Zorro'', ''Field of Dreams'', ''Enemy at the Gates'', ''The Missing'', ''Sneakers'', ''Casper'', ''Troy'', ''An American Tail'', ''The Land Before Time'', ''The Rocketeer'', ''A Beautiful Mind'', ''Mighty Joe Young'', ''The Perfect Storm'', ''Avatar'', ''The Karate Kid'', and most recently, ''Black Gold.''

His body of work is notable for including the scores to the two highest-grossing films of all time; ''Titanic'' and ''Avatar'', both of which were directed by James Cameron.

Horner is a two-time Academy Award-winner, and has received a total of 10 Oscar nominations. He has won numerous other awards, including the Golden Globe Award and the Grammy Award.

Early life

Horner was born in Los Angeles, the son of Austrian immigrants Joan (née Fraenkel) and Harry Horner, who was a production designer, set designer and occasional film director.

Horner started playing piano at the age of five. His early years were spent in London, where he attended the Royal College of Music. He subsequently attended Verde Valley High School in Sedona, Arizona. He received his bachelor's degree in music from the University of Southern California, and eventually earned a master's and started working on his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles where he studied with Paul Chihara, among others. After several scoring assignments with the American Film Institute in the 1970s, he finished his teaching of music theory at UCLA and turned to film scoring.

Film and television scoring

Horner's first major film score was for the 1979 film, ''The Lady in Red''. He began his film scoring career by working for B film director and producer Roger Corman, with his first composer credit for Corman's big-budget ''Battle Beyond the Stars''. His works steadily gained notice in Hollywood, which led him to take on larger projects. Horner made a breakthrough in 1982, when he had the chance to score for ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'', establishing himself as a mainstream composer.

Horner continued composing music for high-profile releases during the 1980s, including ''48 Hrs.'' (1982), ''Krull'' (1983), ''Star Trek III: The Search for Spock'' (1984), ''Commando'' (1985), ''Cocoon'' (1985), ''Aliens'' (1986), ''Willow'' (1988), ''Glory'' and ''Field of Dreams'' (both 1989).

''Aliens'' earned Horner his first Academy Award nomination. He has been nominated an additional nine times since. Horner's scores have been sampled in film trailers for other films. The climax of the track ''Bishop's Countdown'' from his score for ''Aliens'' ranks fifth in the most commonly-used soundtrack cues for film trailers. Also, an unused fragment from ''Aliens'' was featured in a scene from ''Die Hard''. Several films whose scores were composed by Michael Kamen have had trailers featuring Horner's music; most notably, the music from ''Willow'' is substituted for the theme Kamen wrote for the 1993 remake of ''The Three Musketeers''. Horner also added his nominated Braveheart "For the Love of a Princess" single for Robert Zemeckis's Theatrical Trailer of ''Cast Away''.

Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Horner also wrote orchestral scores for children's films (particularly those produced by Amblin Entertainment), with credits for ''An American Tail'' (1986), ''The Land Before Time'' (1988), ''An American Tail: Fievel Goes West'' (1991), ''We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story'' (1993), and ''Casper'', ''Jumanji'', and ''Balto'' (all from 1995).

1995 saw Horner produce no fewer than six scores, including his commercially successful and critically acclaimed works for ''Braveheart'' and ''Apollo 13'', both of which earned him Academy Award nominations. Horner's greatest financial and critical success would come in 1997, with the score to the motion picture, ''Titanic''. The album became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack in history, selling over 27 million copies worldwide.

At the 70th Academy Awards, Horner won Oscars for Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Original Song for "My Heart Will Go On" (which he co-wrote with Will Jennings). In addition, Horner and Jennings won three Grammy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for the soundtrack and ''My Heart Will Go On''. ''Titanic'' also marked the first time in ten years that Horner worked with director James Cameron (following the highly stressful scoring sessions for ''Aliens'', Horner declared that he would never work with Cameron again and described the experience of scoring the film ''Aliens'' as "a nightmare").

Since ''Titanic'', Horner has continued to score for major productions (including ''The Perfect Storm'', ''A Beautiful Mind'', ''Enemy At The Gates'', ''The Mask of Zorro'', ''The Legend of Zorro'', ''House of Sand and Fog'' and ''Bicentennial Man'').

Aside from scoring major productions, Horner periodically works on smaller projects such as ''Iris'', ''Radio'' and ''Bobby Jones: A Stroke of Genius''. He received his eighth and ninth Academy Award nominations for ''A Beautiful Mind'' (2001) and ''House of Sand and Fog'' (2003), but lost on both occasions to Howard Shore. He frequently collaborates with film director Ron Howard, a partnership that began with ''Cocoon'' in 1985. Coincidentally, Horner's end title music from ''Glory'' can be heard in the trailer for Howard's ''Backdraft''.

Horner composed the 2006-2011 theme music for the ''CBS Evening News''. The theme was introduced as part of the debut of Katie Couric as anchor on September 5, 2006. It has since been adopted by most other CBS News programs as well.

Horner recollaborated with James Cameron on the 2009 film ''Avatar'', which was released in December 2009 and has since become the highest grossing film of all time, surpassing ''Titanic'' (also directed by Cameron and scored by Horner).

Horner spent over two years working on the score for ''Avatar'', and did not take on any other projects during that time. Horner's work on ''Avatar'' earned him numerous award nominations, including his tenth Oscar nomination, a Golden Globe nomination, a BAFTA nomination, and a Grammy Award nomination, all of which he lost to Michael Giacchino for ''Up''.

Regarding the experience of scoring ''Avatar'', Horner said, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on and the biggest job I have undertaken... I work from four in the morning to about ten at night and that’s been my way of life since March. That's the world I'm in now and it makes you feel estranged from everything. I'll have to recover from that and get my head out of Avatar." It is currently unknown whether or not Horner will return as composer for the sequel(s) to ''Avatar''.

Horner recently composed the score for the film ''The Karate Kid'' replacing Atli Örvarsson. This is the first film Horner has worked on since ''Avatar''. The film was released in 2010.

Horner's next projects will be the score to ''The Song of Names'', which is due for release in 2011 and The Amazing Spider-Man in 2012 Starring Andrew Garfield.

Critical debate

Horner has been criticised for transposing hooks, orchestral motifs, or larger passages from other scores of his own or of other composers. These contentions are points of fierce debates between supporters of Horner and his detractors.

List of scores

Film

1970s

1978 ''The Drought'' (for the American Film Institute)

1978 ''Fantasies'' (for the American Film Institute)

1978 ''Gist and Evans'' (for the American Film Institute)

1978 ''Landscapes'' (for the American Film Institute)

1978 ''Just for a Laugh'' (for the American Film Institute)

1978 ''The Watcher'' (for the American Film Institute)

1979 ''The Lady in Red''

1979 ''Up from the Depths''

1980s

1980 ''Humanoids from the Deep''

1980 ''Battle Beyond the Stars'' (score reused in later Roger Corman productions)

1981 ''Deadly Blessing''

1981 ''The Hand''

1981 ''Wolfen''

1981 ''The Pursuit of D.B. Cooper''

1982 ''48 Hrs.''

1982 ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan''

1983 ''The Dresser''

1983 ''Gorky Park''

1983 ''Testament''

1983 ''Uncommon Valor''

1983 ''Brainstorm''

1983 ''Krull''

1983 ''Something Wicked This Way Comes''

1984 ''Star Trek III: The Search for Spock''

1984 ''The Stone Boy''

1985 ''The Journey of Natty Gann''

1985 ''Volunteers''

1985 ''Commando''

1985 ''Cocoon''

1985 ''Heaven Help Us''

1986 ''The Name of the Rose''

1986 ''Off Beat''

1986 ''Where the River Runs Black''

1986 ''An American Tail (Oscar Nominee)''

1986 ''Aliens (Golden Globe & Oscar Nominee)''

1987 ''P.K. and the Kid''

1987 ''Project X''

1987 ''*batteries not included''

1988 ''The Land Before Time''

1988 ''Vibes''

1988 ''Cocoon: The Return''

1988 ''Red Heat''

1988 ''Willow''

1989 ''Dad''

1989 ''Field of Dreams (Oscar Nominee)''

1989 ''Glory (Golden Globe Nominee)''

1989 ''In Country''

1989 ''Honey, I Shrunk the Kids''

1990s

1990 ''I Love You to Death''

1990 ''Another 48 Hours''

1991 ''An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (Golden Globe Nominee)''

1991 ''Once Around''

1991 ''The Rocketeer''

1991 ''Class Action''

1992 ''Thunderheart''

1992 ''Sneakers''

1992 ''Unlawful Entry''

1992 ''Patriot Games''

1993 ''Bopha!''

1993 ''House of Cards''

1993 ''Jack the Bear''

1993 ''The Man Without a Face''

1993 ''Once Upon a Forest''

1993 ''Hocus Pocus'' (Sarah's Theme)

1993 ''Searching for Bobby Fischer''

1993 ''Swing Kids''

1993 ''We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story''

1993 ''The Pelican Brief''

1993 ''A Far Off Place''

1994 ''Legends of the Fall (Golden Globe Nominee)''

1994 ''The Pagemaster''

1994 ''Clear and Present Danger''

1995 ''Jade''

1995 ''Balto''

1995 ''Jumanji''

1995 ''Apollo 13 (Oscar nominee)''

1995 ''Casper''

1995 ''Braveheart (Golden Globe, BAFTA & Oscar Nominee)''

1996 ''Ransom''

1996 ''To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday''

1996 ''Courage Under Fire''

1996 ''The Spitfire Grill''

1997 ''Titanic (Golden Globe, Grammy & Oscar Winner, BAFTA nominee)''

1997 ''The Devil's Own''

1998 ''Mighty Joe Young''

1998 ''The Mask of Zorro''

1998 ''Deep Impact''

1999 ''Bicentennial Man''

2000s

2000 ''How the Grinch Stole Christmas''

2000 ''The Perfect Storm''

2001 ''Iris''

2001 ''A Beautiful Mind (Golden Globe & Oscar Nominee)''

2001 ''Enemy at the Gates''

2002 ''The Four Feathers''

2002 ''Windtalkers''

2003 ''House of Sand and Fog (Oscar Nominee)''

2003 ''The Missing''

2003 ''Beyond Borders''

2003 ''Radio''

2004 ''The Forgotten''

2004 ''Troy''

2004 ''Bobby Jones: A Stroke of Genius''

2005 ''The Chumscrubber''

2005 ''Flightplan''

2005 ''The Legend of Zorro''

2005 ''The New World''

2006 ''Apocalypto''

2006 ''All the King's Men''

2007 ''The Life Before Her Eyes''

2008 ''The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas''

2008 ''The Spiderwick Chronicles''

2009 ''Avatar (Golden Globe, BAFTA & Oscar Nominee)''

2010s

2010 ''The Karate Kid''

2011 ''Black Gold''

2012 ''Cristiada''

2012 ''The Amazing Spider-Man''

2013 ''The Song of Names''

Television

1981 ''A Few Days in Weasel Creek''

1982 ''A Piano for Mrs. Cimino''

1983 ''Between Friends''

1985 ''Amazing Stories'' (Episode: "Alamo Jobe")

1985 ''Faerie Tale Theatre'' (Episode: "The Pied Piper of Hamelin")

1985 ''Surviving''

1990 ''Tales from the Crypt'' (Episode: "Cutting Cards")

1990 ''Extreme Close-Up''

1992 ''Crossroads'' (theme)

1992 ''Fish Police'' (theme and pilot episode)

2000 ''Freedom Song''

2006 ''CBS Evening News''

Short films

1985 ''Let's Go''

1986 ''Captain EO'' (Epcot Center)

1989 ''Tummy Trouble''

1991 ''Norman and the Killer''

Concert works

1976: "Conversations"

1977: "Spectral Shimmers"

1998: "Titanic Suite"

2000: "A Forest Passage"

Miscellaneous works

Logo music for Universal Pictures (1990–1997), Lionsgate, Icon Productions and CBS Films.

THX trailer "Cimarron"

Music for the P-51 aerobatic flight team "The Horsemen"

Awards and nominations

Horner has received 10 Academy Award nominations, 8 for Best Original Music Score, and twice for Best Original Song. Out of these nominations, Horner has won two Oscars, for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for ''Titanic''.

Horner has also received five Golden Globe nominations, all in the category of Best Original Score, winning one, for ''Titanic'', as well as seven Grammy Award nominations, winning for ''Glory'' (Best Score), ''An American Tail'' and ''Titanic'', the latter two being in the category of Best Song. He has also received three BAFTA nominations, but has not won any.

{| style="width:100%;" |- valign="top" | style="width:50%;"|

; Academy Award

1987: ''Aliens'' (Best Original Score)

1987: "Somewhere Out There" (from: ''An American Tail'', Best Original Song)

1990: ''Field of Dreams'' (Best Original Score)

1996: ''Apollo 13'' (Best Original Dramatic Score)

1996: ''Braveheart'' (Best Original Dramatic Score)

1998: "My Heart Will Go On" (from: ''Titanic'', Best Original Song, Winner)

1998: ''Titanic'' (Best Original Dramatic Score, Winner)

2002: ''A Beautiful Mind'' (Best Original Score)

2004: ''House Of Sand And Fog'' (Best Original Score)

2010: ''Avatar'' (Best Original Score)

| style="width:50%;"|

; Golden Globe

1987: "Somewhere Out There" (from: ''An American Tail'', Best Original Song)

1990: ''Glory'' (Best Original Score)

1992: "Dreams To Dream" (from: ''An American Tail: Fievel Goes West'', Best Original Song)

1995: ''Legends of the Fall'' (Best Original Score)

1996: ''Braveheart'' (Best Original Score)

1998: "My Heart Will Go On" (from: ''Titanic'', Best Original Song, Winner)

1998: ''Titanic'' (Best Original Score, Winner)

2002: ''A Beautiful Mind'' (Best Original Score)

2009: ''Avatar'' (Best Original Score)

|}

{| style="width:100%;" |- valign="top" | style="width:50%;"|

; Grammy

1988: ''An American Tail''

1988: "Somewhere Out There" (from: ''An American Tail'', Winner)

1990: ''Field of Dreams''

1991: ''Glory'' (Winner)

1996: "Whatever You Imagine" (from: ''The Pagemaster'')

1999: "My Heart Will Go On" (from: ''Titanic'', Winner)

2003: ''A Beautiful Mind''

| style="width:50%;"|

; Satellite Awards

1998: "My Heart Will Go On" (from: ''Titanic'', Winner)

1998: ''Titanic'' (Winner)

2002: "All Love Can Be" (from: ''A Beautiful Mind'', Winner)

2002: ''A Beautiful Mind''

2004: ''The Missing''

|}

; BAFTA Awards

1995: ''Braveheart''

1997: ''Titanic''

2009: ''Avatar'' (Award for Best Sound Engineer assisted by Rumen Lishkov)

AFI

Horner's scores for the following films were nominated for AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores:

''Apollo 13'' (1995)

''Braveheart'' (1995)

''Field of Dreams'' (1989)

''Glory'' (1989)

''Titanic'' (1997)

References

External links

James Horner interview (1983) from CinemaScore magazine

Category:1953 births Category:American composers Category:American film score composers Category:American people of Austrian descent Category:Best Song Academy Award winning songwriters Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni Category:University of Southern California alumni

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Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
playername	Adam Lallana
fullname	Adam David Lallana
dateofbirth	May 10, 1988
cityofbirth	St Albans
countryofbirth	England
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club-update	20:00, 20 August 2011 (GMT)
nationalteam-update	}}

Adam David Lallana (born 10 May 1988) is an English footballer who currently plays as an attacking midfielder for Championship club Southampton. Born in St Albans, Lallana began his career with Southampton as a youth player in 2000. He signed professional terms in 2006, and has remained with the club since.

Early life

Lallana was born in St Albans but moved to the fratton area of Portsmouth when he was five years old.

Club career

Lallana was a member of the Bournemouth Centre of Excellence, where his rich potential was eventually spotted by a talent scout from Southampton, with Lallana snapped up by the then-Premier League club, joining the Saints Academy as a 12-year old in 2000. Southampton paid £3,000 compensation to Bournemouth with further payments of £5,000 and £10,000 when he signed scholarship and professional contracts respectively. The contract with Southampton provides for Bournemouth to receive 25% of any transfer fee, in addition to the payments already made.

Lallana was involved in Southampton's FA Youth Cup squads of 2004–05 and 2005–06, when they reached the final and semi-final respectively.

Lallana joined the first team squad in July 2006, making his debut on 23 August 2006, in a 5–2 victory over Yeovil Town, in the League Cup. On 31 October 2006 he signed a new contract to keep him at Southampton until December 2009. On 9 October 2007 he joined Bournemouth on loan for one month. On 28 April 2008, Lallana scored his first professional goal for Southampton against West Bromwich Albion in a crucial Championship clash, with a well placed finish in the bottom left corner.

He became a regular in the first team at the start of the 2008–09 season. On 29 August 2008, he signed a new three year deal with the Saints.

He finished the 2009–10 season with a total of twenty goals in all competitions, netting his 20th on the final day of the season against Southend United. This made him the first Southampton midfielder to score twenty goals in a season since Matthew Le Tissier's 30 in the 1994–95 season.

On 7 January 2011, Lallana signed a new contract with Southampton which expires in the summer of 2015. He was named in the League One Team of the Year for the 2010-2011 season after scoring 10 goals that season. He then scored on the opening day of the 2011-2012 season, a 3-1 victory over Leeds United ast St. Mary's which broke a 12 year hoodoo of Southampton not winning on the opening day and secured a record-breaking seventh consecutive league win for Southampton. He then scored twice in a 2-5 victory at Ipswich Town FC.

International career

Lallana has played for England Under-18s, scoring on his debut against Slovenia, 18 months after undergoing an operation to correct an irregular heartbeat. He has also played once each for England Under-19s and England Under-21s, however has not yet been capped at full international level.

Career statistics

Last updated 16:54, 21 March 2011 (UTC).

Club	Season	League	FA Cup	League Cup	League Trophy	Total
!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists	!Apps	!Goals	!Assists
rowspan="6"	Southampton		1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0
2007–08 Football League	2007–08	5	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	1
2008–09 Football League Championship	2008–09	40	1	0	0	3	1	0	0	43	2
2009–10 Southampton F.C. season	2009–10	40	15	5	1	2	2	5	2	51	20
2010–11 Southampton F.C. season	2010–11	27	7	3	2	2	1	0	0	32	10
2011–12 Southampton F.C. season	2011–12	3	3	0	0	1	0	0	0	4	3
Total	!116!!27!!17	!8!!3!!1	!9!!4!!1	!5!!2!!1	!137!!36!!20
rowspan="2"	Bournemouth (loan)		3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	0
!Total	!3!!0!!0	!0!!0!!0	!0!!0!!0	!1!!0!!0	!4!!0!!0
Career total	!119!!27!!17	!8!!3!!1	!9!!4!!1	!6!!2!!1	!140!!36!!20

Honours

;Southampton

2006 FA Premier Academy League Championship

Football League Trophy: 2010

Football League One: 2010-11 runners-up

;Individual PFA Team of the Year: 2010–11 League One

References

External links

Southampton F.C. profile

Category:1988 births Category:People from Bournemouth Category:Living people Category:The Football League players Category:Southampton F.C. players Category:A.F.C. Bournemouth players Category:England youth international footballers

cy:Adam Lallana fr:Adam Lallana it:Adam Lallana zh:阿當·拉爾拉拿

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
playername	Richard Chaplow
fullname	Richard David Chaplow
height
dateofbirth	February 02, 1985
cityofbirth	Accrington
countryofbirth	England
currentclub	Southampton
clubnumber	18
position	Midfielder
youthyears1	1993–2003
youthclubs1	Burnley
years1	2003–2005
clubs1	Burnley
caps1	65
goals1	7
years2	2005–2008
clubs2	West Bromwich Albion
caps2	45
goals2	1
years3	2006
clubs3	→ Southampton (loan)
caps3	11
goals3	1
years4	2008–2011
clubs4	Preston North End
caps4	68
goals4	8
years5	2010
clubs5	→ Southampton (loan)
caps5	14
goals5	3
years6	2011–
clubs6	Southampton
caps6	21
goals6	1
nationalyears1	2004
nationalyears2	2005
nationalyears3	2005
nationalteam1	England U19
nationalteam2	England U20
nationalteam3	England U21
nationalcaps1	1
nationalgoals1	0
nationalcaps2	2
nationalgoals2	0
nationalcaps3	1
nationalgoals3	0
pcupdate	20:00, 20 August 2011 (GMT)
ntupdate	18:56, 17 May 2011 (UTC) }}

Richard David Chaplow (born 2 February 1985 in Accrington, Lancashire) is an English professional footballer. He currently plays for Championship club Southampton.

Club career

Burnley

Chaplow joined Burnley at the age of eight, before earning a scholarship at the club in 2001. In 2002–03, part of his season in the reserves was blighted by glandular fever, although he returned to action in January. Chaplow broke into the Burnley first team at the end of that season, making his debut as a substitute in a 2–0 defeat at Norwich City. His first start came later in the season in another 2–0 defeat, at Nottingham Forest. Chaplow suffered from alopecia during 2003, returning to pre-season training having lost all his hair. Nevertheless, he signed professional forms in September 2003 and became a regular in the Burnley side in 2003–04. Chaplow flourished under new boss Steve Cotterill in 2004–05, and his creative midfield talents were there for all to see in January 2005 as Burnley sent Liverpool crashing out of the FA Cup in the Third Round.

In all, Chaplow played 74 games for the Clarets, scoring seven goals before joining West Bromwich Albion.

West Bromwich Albion

Chaplow joined West Bromwich Albion for a fee of £1.5million on transfer deadline day in January 2005. The Baggies had previously attempted to force the deal through several times during the transfer window. He moved to The Hawthorns on a three-and-a-half year deal, with the option of a further season. Chaplow made his Albion debut in a 4–1 victory over Charlton Athletic at The Valley on 19 March 2005. He won a penalty soon after coming on as a late substitute, enabling Robert Earnshaw to complete his hat-trick from the spot. Chaplow's first goals for West Brom came in an FA Cup 3rd round replay at Reading on 17 January 2006. His two first-half goals gave Albion a 2–0 lead, but they eventually lost 3–2 in extra-time.

In February 2006, Chaplow signed a three-month loan deal with Championship side Southampton, as part of the deal which saw Nigel Quashie move the other way. He scored his only Saints goal at Brighton on 8 April 2006. Upon his return from the loan he scored his first league goal for West Brom, in a 2–1 defeat at Derby County. Chaplow left West Brom in 2008 after spending 3 years at the club.

Preston North End

On 9 January 2008, Chaplow signed for Championship team Preston North End on a 3 year contract for £800,000 with a further £550,000 payable based on various performance-related criteria. West Brom have also inserted a 20% sell-on clause on any future sale.

On the 8 September 2008 Chaplow won the powerade championship player of the month.

Southampton

He joined Southampton once again for an initial one month's loan on 30 September 2010. This was then extended to the end of December.

He scored in a 4–1 victory over Peterborough United, and scored in another 4–1 victory, this time over Huddersfield Town. On 30 December 2010, it was announced Chaplow had agreed a two and a half year deal for an undisclosed fee.

His first goal since making the move permanent came on 11 January in a 6–0 victory at Oldham Athletic. He also scored in the FA Cup game against Manchester United, where he was awarded E.ON Man of the Match.

Career statistics

0 5 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 3 2 2 2 0

Club	Season	League	FA Cup	League Cup	Other	Total
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
rowspan="4"	Burnley		5	|	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
2003–04 Burnley F.C. season	2003–04	39	|	3	0	2	0	0	0	44	5
2004–05 Burnley F.C. season	2004–05	21	|	2	0	2	0	0	0	25	2
!Total	!65!!7!!5!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!74!!7
rowspan="2"	West Bromwich Albion		4	|	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	0
2005–06 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season	2005–06	7	|	1	2	3	0	0	0	11	2
rowspan="1"	Southampton (loan)		11	|	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	1
rowspan="3"	West Bromwich Albion		29	|	4	0	3	0	0	0	36	1
2007–08 in English football	2007–08	5	|	0	0	2	0	0	0	7	0
!Total	!45!!1!!5!!2!!8!!0!!0!!0!!58!!3
rowspan="4"	Preston North End		12	|	1	0	0	0	0	0	13	3
2008–09 in English football	2008–09	25	|	1	0	1	0	0	0	27	3
2009–10 Preston North End F.C. season	2009–10	31	|	2	0	2	0	0	0	35	2
!Total	!68!!8!!4!!0!!3!!0!!0!!0!!75!!8
rowspan="1"	Southampton (loan)		9	|	1	0	0	0	0	0	10	2
rowspan="3"	Southampton		24	|	1	1	0	0	0	0	25	3
2011–12 Southampton F.C. season	2011–12	1	|	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
!Total	!25!!2!!1!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!26!!3
Career total	!223!!21!!16!!3!!15!!0!!0!!0!!254!!24

International career

Chaplow has represented England internationally at a number of age groups including at under-19 level, as well as at under-20 level. In October 2005 he captained the England under-20 side to a 2–2 draw with the Netherlands, in a match played at his former club Burnley's Turf Moor ground.

Chaplow has also made one appearance for under-21's. He became Burnley's first ever England under-21 international in February 2004, when he came off the bench on his debut against the Netherlands at the KC Stadium.

References

External links

Richard Chaplow player profile at saintsfc.co.uk

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:People from Accrington Category:Association football midfielders Category:English footballers Category:Burnley F.C. players Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players Category:Southampton F.C. players Category:Preston North End F.C. players Category:Premier League players Category:England under-21 international footballers

Coordinates	37°46′45.48″N122°25′9.12″N
name	Gary Speed
fullname	Gary Andrew Speed
dateofbirth	September 08, 1969
dateofdeath	November 27, 2011
cityofbirth	Mancot
countryofbirth	Wales
cityofdeath	Huntington
countryofdeath	England
height
position	Midfielder
youthyears1	?–1988
youthclubs1	Leeds United
years1	1988–1996
years2	1996–1998
years3	1998–2004
years4	2004–2008
years5	2008–2010
clubs1	Leeds United
clubs2	Everton
clubs3	Newcastle United
clubs4	Bolton Wanderers
clubs5	Sheffield United
caps1	248
caps2	58
caps3	213
caps4	121
caps5	37
goals1	39
goals2	15
goals3	29
goals4	14
goals5	6
totalcaps	677
totalgoals	103
nationalyears2	1990–2004
nationalteam1	Wales U21
nationalteam2	Wales
nationalcaps1	3
nationalcaps2	85
nationalgoals1	0
nationalgoals2	7
manageryears1	2010
managerclubs1	Sheffield United
manageryears2	2010–2011
managerclubs2	Wales }}

Gary Andrew Speed, MBE (8 September 1969 – 27 November 2011) was a Welsh football player and manager. He was captain of the Wales national football team until he retired from international football in 2004 and he remains the most capped outfield player for Wales and the second overall, having appeared 85 times at senior level between 1990 and 2004.

Speed played professionally for Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United, Bolton Wanderers and Sheffield United. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the FA Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James.

Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but he left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national football team.

Speed's death was announced by the Football Association of Wales on 27 November 2011. Throughout the day many tributes came out for him from various figures in football as well as many national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom.

Personal life

Born in Mancot, Wales, Speed attended Hawarden High School as a child. He supported Everton as a youngster. Speed was married to Louise from 1996 until his death. The couple had two children, Tommy and Eddie. Speed was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.

Playing style and reputation

Speed was a versatile player who could play in left midfield, central midfield, and also at left-back. He possessed great tactical awareness, and could both create and score goals. Regularly a captain, he was said by his teammates to to have been an 'inspirational figure' who led by example and demanded the best from those around him.

He was well known as a 'consummate professional' both on and off the field. He was not blessed with exceptional talent at a young age, but instead developed his technique through many hours of hard work on the training field. He had a reputation as an extremely fit footballer who looked after his body. He had a modern approach to diet and fitness, a rare quality amongst players of his generation. His level of fitness allowed him to avoid injury and to continue playing until the age of 39; he rarely missed a game.

He also had a reputation as a friendly and supportive person, who cared for and took an interest in the lives of the people around him; his 'nice guy' persona made him a popular and well respected figure amongst his peers.

Club career

Leeds United

Speed began his career with Leeds United as a trainee, signing a professional contract on 13 June 1988. He made his first team debut when he was aged 19. He went on to play a key role as they won the Football League First Division championship title in 1992 as part of a midfield that also comprised Gordon Strachan, Gary McAllister and David Batty. Speed featured in the 1996 Football League Cup Final defeat by Aston Villa.

Everton

Speed moved to Everton in 1996, for a fee of £3.5 million. He scored on his debut versus Newcastle United on 17 August 1996. He was installed as captain of the club by then manager Howard Kendall prior to the 1997–98 FA Premier League season.

He left the club in controversial circumstances and the reasons were never revealed. He told the ''Liverpool Echo'': "You know why I’m leaving, but I can’t explain myself publicly because it would damage the good name of Everton Football Club and I’m not prepared to do that."

Newcastle United

Speed was club captain at Everton, but moved to Newcastle United in 1998 for a fee of £5.5 million, in controversial circumstances. Speed featured in the club's FA Cup Final defeats by Arsenal in 1998 and by Manchester United in 1999. He also played in the UEFA Champions League with Newcastle in the 2002–03 season.

Newcastle's manager, Sir Bobby Robson, was sorry to see Speed leave the club, and acknowledged that he would do very well for Bolton Wanderers.

Bolton Wanderers

Speed moved to Bolton Wanderers on a two-year deal in a £750,000 switch from Newcastle United in July 2004. He became the first player to make 500 Premier League appearances when he played in Bolton's 4–0 victory over West Ham United in December 2006.

On 1 May 2007, Speed was named as the first team coach for Bolton after Sam Allardyce stepped down from his job as manager. However, in October he left the coaching job and returned to being just a player with the club. Conflicting reports of the incident claimed then manager Sammy Lee relieved him of his duties to concentrate on playing but Speed, in an interview with the Bolton News, claimed he chose to step down.

Speed scored a header for Bolton against Reading on 25 August 2007, making him, at the time, the only player to have scored in every Premiership season to date. Ryan Giggs later matched this achievement on 20 October 2007, and passed it on 8 February 2009. It had been reported in December 2007 that Speed was a target for Derby County, but it was confirmed on 24 December 2007 that he would join Sheffield United on loan on 1 January 2008, with a view to a permanent move for a fee of about £250,000.

Sheffield United

Speed made his first team debut on the day of his transfer – being named in the starting eleven for a 0–0 away draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers on New Year's Day 2008. He played regularly for the rest of the season and deputised as captain when Chris Morgan was unavailable. Having seen his penalty parried Speed netted the rebound to score his first goal for the Blades in a victory over Coventry in March of that year. He went on to finish the season on three goals for the Blades, scoring both goals in a 2–1 home victory over Bristol City in the penultimate game of the 2007–08 season. In an interview with BBC Wales on 10 May 2008, Speed hinted that the 2008–09 season may be his last playing before moving into coaching or management but stated that he had not yet made up his mind.

Speed started the next season as a regular fixture in the Blades midfield but succumbed to a back injury in November. Despite undergoing surgery to correct the problem he failed to regain his fitness and missed the rest of the season, concentrating instead on a coaching role at the club. In June 2009, he was approached by Swansea City with regards to taking on the managerial role left vacant by Roberto Martinez.

At the end of October 2009, Speed stated that "'I'm 40, I haven't played for a year and you can take what you want from that. I'm not missing playing because I'm enjoying the other side so much", although he revealed he was still in training, in preparation for running the 2010 London Marathon in aid of the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation, the cancer charity founded by Speed's former Newcastle manager, who had died on 31 July 2009 after a long battle against the illness.

Speed finally announced his retirement from playing in his 41st year, but agreed to remain at Sheffield United for at least one more season as a coach. Despite this he was again registered as a player and was named on the bench for the first round League Cup game against Hartlepool United at the outset of the following season.

International career

Speed was capped by Wales at youth and under-21 levels, earning three caps for the latter. He had been capped for Wales 85 times, second in the all-time list only to Neville Southall and is currently ranked sixth by members of the general public in the Best Welsh Football Players list. He retired from international football in 2004 after the side's 3–2 defeat to Poland in a 2006 World Cup qualifier. His first appearance for the national side had come on 20 May 1990 in a 1–0 friendly win against Costa Rica at Ninian Park.

After his retirement from international football, he was recommended by both the former manager Mark Hughes and fellow Welsh midfielder Robbie Savage as a future Welsh national team manager.

Managerial career

With the 2010–11 season only three games old Sheffield United manager Kevin Blackwell was sacked with Speed being confirmed as the club's new manager on a three year contract a few days later. On 21 October 2010, Speed was given a one game touchline ban and a £2,000 fine by the Football Association for his unsupportive behaviour at the home fixture against Watford on 2 October 2010. On 11 December 2010, Speed was linked with the vacant Wales manager job. Sheffield United confirmed that they had given Speed permission to talk to the Football Association of Wales over the vacant position. He was confirmed as the new Welsh national team manager on 14 December 2010, succeeding John Toshack who stepped down in September 2010, Sheffield United released him from his contract after compensation was paid by the FAW.

Speed's first game as Wales manager was 8 February 2011 against the Republic of Ireland in the inaugural Nations Cup, which Ireland won 3–0. Speed's first competitive match was the Euro 2012 qualifier at home to England which Wales lost 2–0. In August 2011 Wales attained their lowest ever FIFA ranking of 117th. This was followed by a 2–1 home win against Montenegro, a 1–0 away loss to England, a 2–0 home win against Switzerlandand a 1–0 away win against Bulgaria. Consequently in October 2011, Wales were ranked 45th in the world by FIFA. Speed's last game as manager of Wales was on 12 November 2011, a 4–1 win against Norway.

Death

On 27 November 2011, the Football Association of Wales announced that Speed had died. ''The Telegraph'' and ''ITN'' reported that Speed had died of suicide by hanging at his home in Huntington, Cheshire. Cheshire Constabulary announced that they were not treating Speed's death as suspicious. Friends reported their shock at the news; Speed had appeared as a guest on BBC One's ''Football Focus'' only hours before his death.

Tributes

On the day of Speed's death football was said to have "united in grief and to pay tribute to him". The news was first announced by the Football Association of Wales and they extended their sympathies and condolences to Speed's family. Throughout the day similar messages were released from many people within football as well as national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron and Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband both released messages conveying their sadness at Speed's death as well as their condolences to his family. First Minister of Wales Carwyn Jones released a similar message, as did Welsh Secretary Cheryl Gillan and Welsh Conservative Party leader Andrew RT Davies. A huge number of tributes from across football came in throughout the day for Speed. Close friends and former team-mates such as Robbie Savage, Ryan Giggs, Simon Grayson, Alan Shearer and John Hartson all expressed their deep sorrow at his death.

The match between Aston Villa and Swansea City, held only hours after Speed's death was announced, was dedicated to his memory. A minutes silence was to be held before the match. However, the fans applauded instead and sang Speed's name. Several players who played in the match had been severely affected by the news. Four Welsh internationals played in the match; Ashley Williams, Neil Taylor and Joe Allen, of Swansea, all played under Speed for Wales and Allen in particular was said to be struggling with the news. James Collins was the other Welsh international and he had also played with Speed at international level. Collins' Villa team mates Shay Given and Jermaine Jenas had both played with Speed at Newcastle United and both were very badly affected by the news. Given openly wept during and after the minutes applause. Both managers, Alex McLeish and Brendan Rodgers paid tribute to Speed. Rodgers, who had spoken to Speed a lot since he had become Wales manager, said that the game had lost a legend while Neil Taylor said that he hoped Wales could qualify for the 2014 World Cup to honour him.

Along with this match, several others saw tributes toward Speed. The only other Premier League match played that day was between Liverpool and Manchester City. Craig Bellamy was withdrawn from Liverpool's squad by Kenny Dalglish as he was too affected by news of his former teammate, at club as well as country, to play. Dalglish himself had managed Speed and expressed his sadness at the news. Saying that he thought Speed was a great footballer but also a great person. Another of Speed's former team mates, Hugo Viana paid tribute to him. The Portugese international was another who had played alongside Speed at Newcastle. After his team, Braga, had lost 3–2 to Porto Viana displayed a shirt reading "Gary Rest in Peace"

Internationally, FIFA President Joseph Blatter paid tribute to Gary Speed as "a model professional and a fantastic ambassador for the game". Both the FIFA and Welsh flags at FIFA's headquarters were at half mast as a mark of respect.

Honours

Club

;Leeds United

Football League First Division champions: 1991–92

FA Charity Shield winners: 1992

League Cup finalists: 1996

Football League Second Division champions: 1989–90

;Newcastle United

FA Cup finalists: 1998, 1999

UEFA Intertoto Cup finalists: 2001

Premier League Asia Trophy finalists: 2003

;Bolton Wanderers

League Cup finalists: 2004

Premier League Asia Trophy winners: 2005

Individual

PFA Team of the Year: 1993

Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2001–02): Most Appearances (352)

International goals

Stadionul Republican 6 September 1995 29 March 1997 2 September 2000 20 November 2002 29 March 2003 4 September 2004

# !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition !! Scored
1	12 October 1994	Republican Stadium, Chisinau ||		2–3	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
2	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–0	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
3	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–2	1998 FIFA World Cup qualification>1998 World Cup qualification	1
4	|	Dynama Stadium (Minsk)>Dynama Stadium, Minsk		2–1	2002 FIFA World Cup qualification>2002 World Cup qualification	1
5	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		2–0	UEFA Euro 2004 qualification>2004 European Cup qualification	1
6	|	Millennium Stadium, Cardiff		4–0	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1
7	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		1–1	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1

Career statistics

Playing statistics

{|border=1 cellpadding=6 cellspacing=2 style="background: ivory; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; clear:center" |+ Club performance |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Division !rowspan="2"|Season(s) !colspan="2"|League !colspan="2"|FA Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Leeds United |First Division / Premier League |1988–89 to 1995–96 |align="center"|248 |align="center"|39 |align="center"|21 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|26 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|17 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|312 |align="center"|57 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Everton |Premier League |1996–97 to 1997–98 |align="center"|58 |align="center"|15 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|65 |align="center"|17 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Newcastle United |Premier League |1997–98 to 2003–04 |align="center"|213 |align="center"|29 |align="center"|22 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|38 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|284 |align="center"|40 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Bolton Wanderers |Premier League |2004–05 to 2007–08 |align="center"|121 |align="center"|14 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|4 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|8 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|139 |align="center"|14 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Sheffield United |Championship |2007–08 to 2009–10 |align="center"|37 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|40 |align="center"|6 |- |colspan=3|Career totals |align="center"|677 |align="center"|103 |align="center"|53 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|47 |align="center"|13 |align="center"|63 |align="center"|7 |align="center"|840 |align="center"|134 |- |}

Managerial statistics

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
!G!!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!GD!!Win %
align=left
align=left
Total

References

External links

International career details

Newcastle United career details

Category:1969 births Category:People from Flintshire Category:2011 deaths Category:Suicides by hanging in England Category:Association football players who committed suicide Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Welsh footballers Category:Wales youth international footballers Category:Wales under-21 international footballers Category:Wales international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Association football utility players Category:Leeds United A.F.C. players Category:Everton F.C. players Category:Newcastle United F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff Category:Sheffield United F.C. players Category:Premier League players Category:The Football League players Category:Welsh football managers Category:Sheffield United F.C. managers Category:Wales national football team managers Category:The Football League managers

ar:غاري سبيد bg:Гари Спийд cy:Gary Speed da:Gary Speed de:Gary Speed et:Gary Speed es:Gary Speed fr:Gary Speed ga:Gary Speed gd:Gary Speed gl:Gary Speed it:Gary Speed he:גארי ספיד lv:Garijs Spīds hu:Gary Speed ms:Gary Speed nl:Gary Speed ja:ガリー・スピード no:Gary Speed pl:Gary Speed pt:Gary Speed ru:Спид, Гэри fi:Gary Speed sv:Gary Speed vi:Gary Speed zh:加里·斯皮德