Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories. Some work alone or as part of a team. They attempt to satisfy consumer desire for aesthetically designed clothing; and, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, must at times anticipate changing consumer tastes.

Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear fall within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions, such as evening wear or party dresses.

Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear.

Structure

Fashion designers can work in a number of ways. Fashion designers may work full-time for one fashion company, known as 'in-house designers' which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions for the mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand such as Abrecrombie, Justice, or Juicy are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.

Designing a garment

Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the ''toile'' (or muslin), he or she will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card. The pattern maker's job is very very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit.

Fashion designers work in different ways. But they all start similarly with a sketch which is a rough or illustrated drawing of the design. Once the designer has its vision on paper, 2 ways might be chosen to start the production of the sample. Myriam Chalek, owner and founder of Creative Business House, exposes in Vogue magazine the 2 paths:The designer can either make a pattern out of a dot or hard paper and then have the sample sewed or he can make the pattern out of muslin, make all the necessary adjustments and once satisfied with the fit and flow of the sewing, a paper pattern will be made and used to make the final sample with the designated fabric. Myriam Chalek recommends the second option since it allows the fashion designer to bring modifications to its design while the first option may entail wasting fabric if any change is brought. The most crucial step in designing a garment is the pattern.Indeed, it required a lot of details, time and calculations. A mistake of half an inch can jeopardize the cutting and therefore the sewing of the garment. Hence the pattern maker's job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on the pattern's accuracy.

History

Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his ''maison couture'' (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at royal courts. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term ''couturier'' was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 could be considered as fashion design.

It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an economy.

Types of fashion

The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be split up into additional, more specific categories:

Haute couture

Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a made-to-measure or haute couture basis (French for high-fashion), with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.

Ready-to-wear

Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim and bridal.

Mass market

Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes. Inexpensive materials, creatively used, produce affordable fashion. Mass market designers generally adapt the trends set by the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.

There is a type of design called "kutch" design originated from the German word "kitschig" meaning "ugly" or "not aesthetically pleasing." ''Kitsch'' can also refer to "wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion." Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a "kitsch" fashion statement.

Income

Median annual wages for salaried fashion designers were $61,160 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $42,150 and $87,120. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,150, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $124,780.. Median annual earnings were $52,860 (£28,340) in apparel, piece goods, and notions - the industry employing the largest numbers of fashion designers.

Fashion education

There are a number of well known art schools and design schools world wide that offer degrees in fashion design and fashion design technology. Some colleges also offer Masters of Fashion courses. Though it is not a requirement to have a Masters level, it is recommended by those already working in the industry to study at this level. The most notable of design schools in Europe include London College of Fashion, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, University of Westminster and Kingston University in London, and the Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland. Limerick School of Art and Design, Griffith College and the National College of Art and Design offer reputable BA of Fashion Design courses in Ireland. Istituto Marangoni, Domus Academy, Politecnico of Milan, NABA - Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano, Istituto Europeo di Design, University Iuav of Venice in Italy, the Fashion Federation PARIS] European Fashion Accreditation www.Fashion-Board.com, Antwerp Fashion Academy in Belgium. There is Parsons The New School for Design, Creative Business House, Fashion Institute of Technology and the Pratt Institute in New York City. Elsewhere in the United States there is the Savannah College of Art and Design, Virginia Commonwealth University, Otis College of Art & Design, and Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising in Los Angeles, School of the Art Institute of Chicago and Columbia College Chicago in Chicago. The National Institute of Fashion Technology in India, Haryana Technical Institute Rohtak in India, Shih Chien University in Hong Kong, RMIT University in Melbourne, Fu Jen Catholic University in Taiwan and the Asian University chain, Raffles College of Design and Commerce, all have reputable fashion design courses.

The only Ivy League University having a Fashion Design undergraduate program is Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. The program is offered by the department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design]. Cornell University also offers the only Ph.D. program in apparel design in the United States. The program is intended to address the needs of academia, industry and research by considering apparel design as an applied science that embraces design, technology, physical sciences, the humanities and social sciences in order to meet the human needs for clothing. There are many universities that offer fashion design throughout the United States. The major incorporating fashion design may have alternative names like Apparel and Textiles or Apparel and Textile Design and may be housed in departments such as Art and Art History or Family and Consumer Studies.

Areas of Fashion Design

Area	Brief	Market
Women's Day wear	Practical, comfortable, fashionable
Women's Evening wear	Glamorous, sophisticated, apt for the occasion
Women's Lingerie	Glamorous, comfortable, washable
Men's Day wear	Casual, practical, comfortable
Men's Evening wear	Smart, elegant, formal, apt for the occasion
Kidswear	Trendy or Classy, practical, washable, functional
Girls' Wear	Pretty, colorful, practical, washable, inexpensive
Teenager Girl Wear	Colorful,comfortable,glamorous,pretty,
Sportswear	Comfortable, practical, well-ventilated, washable, functional
Knitwear	Right weight and color for the season
Outerwear	Stylish, warm, right weight and color for the season
Bridal wear	Sumptuous, glamorous, classic
Accessories	Striking, fashionable

Star system

Designers work within a hierarchical system.

"The designers are most stratified in the French system of fashion [...] Fashion ensures the functioning of a system of dominant and subordinate positions within a social order. Fashion is ideological in that it is also part of the process in which particular social groups, in this case elite designers, establish, sustain and reproduce positions of power and relations of dominance and subordination. The positions of dominance and subordination appear natural and legitimate, not only to those in positions of dominance, but also to those in subordinate positions. Fashion and the medium of fashion, that is clothing, offer means to make inequalities of socioeconomic status appear legitimate, and, therefore, acceptable."

A "mythical conception of a designer as a 'creative genius' disconnected from social conditions" is central for the working of the fashion system and for the reproduction of fashion as ideology. Creativity is socially constructed and not an innate given, i.e. many may be gifted but no one can become a famous designer without being legitimized by the fashion system and its gatekeepers.

The star system is as essential for the fashion industry as for any Culture industry. "Genre and the star system are attempts to produce something analogous to brand names in cultural industries. [...] Stars are indispensable because it is part of the ideology of creativity that creative works must have an identifiable author."

World fashion industry

Fashion today is a global industry, and most major countries have a fashion industry. Some countries are major manufacturing centers, notably Philippines, China, South Korea, Spain, Germany, Brazil, and India. Five countries have established an international reputation in fashion: France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.

American fashion design

The majority of American fashion houses are based in New York, although there are also a significant number in Los Angeles, where a substantial percentage of high fashion clothing manufactured in the US is actually made. There are also burgeoning industries in Miami, Chicago and especially San Francisco. American fashion design is dominated by a clean-cut, urban, casual style; reflecting the athletic, health-conscious lifestyles of American city-dwellers. A designer who helped to set the trend in the United States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940s and 50's was Claire McCardell. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades.

British fashion design

London has long been the capital of the UK fashion industry and has a wide range of foreign designs which have integrated with modern British styles. Typical British design is smart but innovative yet recently has become more and more unconventional, fusing traditional styles with modern techniques. Vintage styles play an important role in the British fashion and styling industry. Stylists regularly 'mix and match' the old with the new, which gives British style that unique, bohemian aesthetic that many of the other fashion capitals try to imitate. Irish fashion (both design and styling) is also heavily influenced by fashion trends from Britain.

French fashion design

Most French fashion houses are in Paris, which is the capital of French fashion. Traditionally, French fashion is chic and stylish, defined by its sophistication, cut, and smart accessories. Although the Global Language Monitor placed it 3rd in the Media, after Milan and New York, French fashion is internationally acclaimed and Paris remains the symbolic home of fashion.

Italian fashion design

Milan is Italy's capital of fashion. Most of the older Italian couturiers are in Rome. However, Milan and Florence are the Italian fashion capitals, and it is the exhibition venue for their collections. Italian fashion features casual elegance and luxurious fabrics.

Swiss fashion design

Most of the Swiss fashion houses are in Zürich. The Swiss look is casual elegant and luxurious with a slight touch of quirkiness. With it being highly influenced by the dance club scene.

Japanese fashion design

Most Japanese fashion houses are in Tokyo. The Japanese look is loose and unstructured (often resulting from complicated cutting), colours tend to the sombre and subtle, and richly textured fabrics. Famous Japanese designers are Yohji Yamamoto, Kenzo, Issey Miyake (masterful drape and cut), and Comme des Garçons 's Rei Kawakubo, who developed a new way of cutting (comparable to Madeleine Vionnet's innovation in the 1930s).

Fashion design terms

A fashion designer conceives garment combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture. While sewing and pattern-making skills are beneficial, they are not a pre-requisite of successful fashion design. Most fashion designers are formally trained or apprenticed.

A pattern maker (or ''pattern cutter'') drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment's pieces. This may be done manually with paper and measuring tools or by using an AutoCAD computer software program. Another method is to drape fabric directly onto a dress form. The resulting pattern pieces can be constructed to produce the intended design of the garment and required size. Formal training is usually required for working as a pattern marker.

A tailor makes custom designed garments made to the client's measure; especially suits (coat and trousers, jacket and skirt, et cetera). Tailors usually undergo an apprenticeship or other formal training.

A textile designer designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school.

A stylist co-ordinates the clothes, jewelry, and accessories used in fashion photography and catwalk presentations. A stylist may also work with an individual client to design a coordinated wardrobe of garments. Many stylists are trained in fashion design, the history of fashion and historical costume, and have a high level of expertise in the current fashion market and future market trends. However, some simply have a strong aesthetic sense for pulling great looks together.

A fashion buyer selects and buys the mix of clothing available in retail shops, department stores and chain stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in business and/or fashion studies.

A seamstress sews ready to wear or mass produced clothing by hand or with a sewing machine, either in a garment shop or as a sewing machine operator in a factory. She (or he) may not have the skills to make (design and cut) the garments, or to fit them on a model.

A teacher of fashion design teaches the art and craft of fashion design in art or fashion school.

A custom clothier makes custom-made garments to order, for a given customer.

A dressmaker specializes in custom-made women's clothes: day, cocktail, and evening dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseaus, sports clothes, and lingerie.

An illustrator draws and paints clothing designs for commercial use.

A fashion forecaster predicts what colours, styles and shapes will be popular ("on-trend") before the garments are on sale in stores.

A model wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs.

A fit model aids the fashion designer by wearing and commenting on the fit of clothes during their design and pre-manufacture. Fit models need to be a particular size for this purpose.

A fashion journalist writes fashion articles describing the garments presented or fashion trends, for magazines or newspapers.

An alterations specialist (alterationist) adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-to-wear, and sometimes re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the client, not all alterationists are tailors.

An Image Consultant, wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client.

See also

List of fashion designers

References

Bibliography

''Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion'', Valerie Steele, Detroit [etc.] : Thomson Gale, 2005

Yuniya Kawamura: ''Fashion-ology. An introduction to Fashion Studies'', Oxford and New York: Berg, 2005, ISBN 1-85973-814-1

Category:Fashion design Category:Arts occupations

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Coordinates

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{{infobox person |name

Victoria Beckham |birth_name Victoria Caroline Adams |image Victoria Beckham, May 2010.jpg |imagesize |caption Victoria Beckham at a May 2010 LG Mobile event |birth_date April 17, 1974 |birth_place Harlow, Essex, England |death_date |death_place |othername Posh, Posh Spice |occupation Singer-songwriter, dancer, model, actress, fashion designer, businesswoman |yearsactive 1994–present |spouse David Beckham (1999–present) |children 4 |website Official website }}

Victoria Caroline Beckham (née Adams; born 17 April 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, dancer, model, actress, fashion designer and businesswoman. During her rise to fame with the late 1990s girl pop group the Spice Girls, Beckham was dubbed Posh Spice, a nickname first coined by the British pop music magazine, ''Top of the Pops'' in the July 1996 issue. Since the Spice Girls pursued separate careers, she has had a solo pop music career, scoring four UK Top 10 singles. Her first single to be released, "Out of Your Mind", reached Number 2 in the UK Singles Chart and is her highest chart entry to date. During her solo career, she has been signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records.

Beckham has found more success as an internationally recognised and photographed style icon. Her career in fashion includes designing a line of jeans for Rock & Republic and later designing her own denim brand, dVb Style. Beckham has brought out her own range of sunglasses and fragrance, entitled Intimately Beckham, which has been released in the UK and the US. In association with the Japanese store Samantha Thavasa and Shiatzy Chen, she has produced a range of handbags and jewellery. In addition, Beckham has released two best-selling books; one her autobiography, the other a fashion guide.

In her television ventures, Beckham has participated in five official documentaries and reality shows about her, including ''Being Victoria Beckham'' and ''The Real Beckhams''. Her last documentary was ''Victoria Beckham: Coming to America'', which documented her move to the US with her family in 2007. She has since made a cameo appearance in an episode of American TV series ''Ugly Betty'', and been a guest judge on ''Project Runway'', ''Germany's Next Topmodel'', and ''American Idol''.

She is married to David Beckham and they have four children, Brooklyn Joseph, Romeo James, Cruz David, and Harper Seven. As of 2009, the couple's joint wealth is estimated at £125 million.

Early life

Beckham was born at the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Harlow, Essex and raised in Goffs Oak, Hertfordshire. She is the second child of three children born to Jacqueline and Anthony Adams. Her father worked as an electronics engineer, and the success of the family business allowed for a comfortable upbringing for Victoria and her siblings, sister Louise and brother Christian.

Beckham attended St. Mary's High School in Cheshunt. She was embarrassed by her family's wealth and often begged her father not to drop her off outside the school in their Rolls Royce. Beckham said that during her schooling days, she was a victim of bullying and often felt treated like an outsider. She commented: "Children were literally picking things up out of the puddles and throwing them at me. And I just stood there, on my own. No one was with me. I didn't have any friends."

She was inspired by watching the musical ''Fame'', and subsequently decided that she would become famous. It was then that her parents enrolled her at Jason Theatre School. At the age of 17, Beckham attended Laine Theatre Arts in Epsom, Surrey and studied dance and modelling. Eventually, she became a member of a band called Persuasion.

Career

Spice Girls

In 1994, Beckham joined the all-female group, the Spice Girls. In the recordings before her marriage, she is credited with her maiden name as Victoria Adams. The group's first single was called "Touch", and she worked with Geri Halliwell, Emma Bunton, Melanie Brown and Melanie Chisholm. Beckham had previously answered an advertisement in ''The Stage'' in March 1993 which required girls who were "street smart, extrovert, ambitious and able to sing and dance". In 1996, the group's first single, "Wannabe", went to Number 1 in the UK and US, and another 29 countries. It was followed by nine further Number 1 singles from their albums ''Spice'', ''Spiceworld'' and ''Forever''. Each member of the group received a nickname from the media. Beckham was named "Posh Spice" due to her refined attitude, form-fitting designer outfits, such as little black dresses, and her love of high-heeled footwear. The group was one of the most successful pop acts of the 1990s, selling over fifty-five million records worldwide. After the release of their third album, ''Forever'' (UK number 2), which was far less successful than their previous two albums, the Spice Girls stopped recording, leading Beckham to try and build a solo career.

In 2007, the Spice Girls reformed and announced plans to embark upon a reunion tour, from which they were said to have earned £10 million each (approximately $20 million). Victoria had previously stated that she and her former Spice colleagues were enjoying their solo careers in various fields, saying "We're all still doing our own thing." Their "Greatest Hits" album was released in early November 2007 and the tour began on 2 December 2007. At its advent, Beckham said "I wanted my children to see that Mummy was a pop star. It was the last opportunity for them to stand in a crowd full of people screaming for the Spice Girls." When Beckham had her hair coloured brown for the tour, she stated that her sons immediately reacted by saying "Oh my goodness, it's Posh Spice. She's back." During one Spice Girls performance at London's The O2 Arena, her three sons accompanied her on stage during "Mama", along with the other Spice Girls' children. She was the only member of the group not to sing a solo song on the tour, instead posing in the style of a fashion show on a makeshift catwalk, whereas the others each performed a number from their solo careers. One critic wrote "This time around Posh gets the biggest cheer when she sings her solo lines. She knows it too – and it seems to give her more and more confidence as the show goes on."

Filmmaker Bob Smeaton directed an official film of the tour entitled ''Spice Girls: Giving You Everything'', which was first aired on Fox8 in Australia. It later aired in the UK on 31 December 2007 on BBC One. As well as their sell-out tour, the Spice Girls were contracted to appear in Tesco advertisements, for which they were paid £1 million each.

Solo career

On 14 August 2000, Beckham released her first solo single, "Out of Your Mind" in collaboration with Dane Bowers and Truesteppers. The week of release coincided with the release of "Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)" by Spiller featuring Sophie Ellis-Bextor, resulting in a chart battle dubbed 'Posh vs. Posher' by the tabloids. Following a huge publicity campaign, "Out Of Your Mind" was outsold by Ellis-Bextor, and debuted at Number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Before the single's release, on 8 July 2000, Beckham made her public solo debut at London's Hyde Park at a concert to raise money for the Prince's Trust charity. She sang "Out of Your Mind" to a 100,000-strong audience. Beckham then signed a recording contract with her group label Virgin Records. Her next single as a solo artist, "Not Such An Innocent Girl", was released on 17 September 2001. Again, she faced competition in another hugely hyped chart battle, this time with Kylie Minogue's single "Can't Get You Out Of My Head". Despite a huge promotional campaign, Beckham was outsold eight to one, and her single debuted at number 6. Beckham's ''eponymous debut album'', which was released on 1 October 2001, reached Number 10 in the UK album chart. The album cost a reputed £5 million to produce and it sold a modest 50,000 copies.

The second and final single to be released from the album was "A Mind of Its Own" on 11 February 2002. The single reached number 6 in the UK and sold 56,500 copies. Rumours soon spread that Beckham was to be dropped by her label for not charting in the Top Three. These were strongly refuted at the time. Beckham commented "You know what newspapers are like, they just like to put all the negative stuff in, but as far as I'm concerned and the record company is concerned it is all great." A third single, "I Wish", was promoted but never materialised. The single version was a remix featuring Robbie Craig, and was performed on TV on ''Friday Night's All Wright''. Following the announcement of Beckham's second pregnancy, the single was shelved. Beckham and Virgin Records went their separate ways; a statement from her publicist read: "No-one has been dropped. The Virgin deal has come to a natural end and both parties have decided not to continue."

In 2002, Telstar Records signed Beckham in a deal made with 19 Management worth £1.5 million. Beckham spent much of that year recording a pop-influenced album called ''Open Your Eyes'', which yielded the single "Let Your Head Go", but she allegedly chose not to release it after being disappointed with the results. Instead of pop, Beckham wanted a more urban sound, working with urban producer Damon Dash for a more RnB and hip hop influence. When he was first asked why he was working with Beckham he stated "Because I see how much she gets photographed over here." A Dash-produced track "It's That Simple" featuring M.O.P. premiered on radio stations in July 2003, generating mixed reviews. Beckham's first single with Telstar, "Let Your Head Go / This Groove", was released in the UK on 29 December 2003, following heavy promotion and many TV appearances across the Christmas period with the video being directed by Andy Hylton. The single charted at Number 3 in the UK. This double A-side lifted "Let Your Head Go" from Beckham's earlier pop-inspired work with "This Groove" one of her Hip-Hop/R'n'B songs and remains Beckham's last single release to date. She is currently the only Spice Girl never to have had a UK solo number one, though she is also the only Spice Girl to have all her single/album releases go Top 10. Outside of the UK, Damon Dash had plans for Beckham in the US, including a potential release of "Let Your Head Go / This Groove" under the name of "Posh Spice Victoria Beckham". The release was proposed for sometime between March to May 2004, but never eventuated.

With the UK media describing her solo music career a failure, combined with a rumoured fall-out between Dash and Fuller, her hip hop album, ''Come Together'', was not released. Amidst the collapse of Telstar, remaining plans for Beckham's music career were cancelled. Beckham is the only Spice Girl to have all of her singles and albums chart in the Top 10 of the UK charts, but she also has released fewer albums (1) and singles (4).

Books

Beckham's autobiography, entitled ''Learning to Fly'', was released on 13 September 2001. The title was taken from a line in a song from the musical ''Fame'', which Beckham had enjoyed as a child. The verse that inspired the title is: "I'm gonna live forever, I'm gonna learn how to fly". The book documents her childhood, time during the Spice Girls, her marriage and family life, as well as her career at the time. ''Learning to Fly'' became the third best-selling non-fiction title of 2001 and the total UK sales stand at more than 500,000 copies. When the book was first released, it went to Number 1 in the book charts after four weeks of release, relegating Robbie Williams' book to second place. A high-profile guest appearance on ''Parkinson'', watched by nine million people, helped to promote the book. Before the publishing of the book, ''Hello!'', ''The Daily Mail'' and ''The Mail on Sunday'' joined to buy the rights to preview and serialise the book before its release. The figure paid was thought to be near £1 million.

Beckham was quoted by a Spanish journalist in 2005 as saying "I've never read a book in my life". She later claimed this was a mistranslation from the original Spanish in which the interview was printed, saying she actually stated that she never had time to finish reading a book because she was always too busy looking after her children.

Beckham's second book, a fashion advice guide, entitled ''That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything In Between'', was published on 27 October 2006. ''That Extra Half an Inch: Hair, Heels and Everything In Between'' includes tips from Beckham on fashion, style and beauty, and also contains photography by Mario Testino, Annie Leibovitz and Steven Meisel. The book became another bestseller, and has sold 400,000 copies in Britain alone since it was published in hardcover. The rights have since been sold to the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, Lithuania, Russia, and most recently China.

Television

Beckham has shot five official documentaries. The first, dated 11 January 2000, was called ''Victoria's Secrets'', a programme only shown in the UK on Channel 4. It involved Beckham being followed by cameras while also discussing and interviewing other British celebrities, such as Elton John. The second, ''Being Victoria Beckham'', was broadcast in March 2002 and saw Beckham discussing her career as a solo artist with the release of her first album, and also showed her at various photo shoots and recording sessions. The documentary attracted a strong audience of 8.83 million, coming top in its timeslot. One critic described her as "so clearly level-headed, happy with her not inconsiderable lot and seemingly unfazed by the madly intrusive nature of her monumentally ridiculous fame". The third, ''The Real Beckhams'', aired on 24 December 2003 on ITV1 and focused on the Beckhams' move to Madrid from London after David Beckham was signed to Real Madrid. It also featured Victoria Beckham re-launching her solo career and showed her mocking the tabloid stories she reads in the paper every day. The special received an audience of 6.10 million viewers and was later released on DVD on 2 February 2004.

The fourth was entitled Full Length & Fabulous: The Beckhams' 2006 World Cup Party, and followed Victoria and David Beckham organising and making preparations to host a 2006 World Cup Party at a marquee in the grounds of their mansion in Hertfordshire, which aimed to raise money for their charity. Two tickets to attend the ball were auctioned on-line for charity, and sold for £103,000. The documentary aired on 28 May 2006 and showed the event itself, where the menu was designed especially by friend and chef Gordon Ramsay and the charity auction was hosted by Graham Norton. Ramsay catered for 600 guests, with the aid of 40 chefs and 100 waiting staff. The ITV documentary attracted an average of 7.56 million viewers.

To document Victoria Beckham's preparations for her family's move to the US, she signed a deal with NBC for six episodes of a half-hour unscripted reality TV series. Despite original plans for six episodes, the show was cut to a one hour special only as there "just wasn't enough (material) for a series." The show, called ''Victoria Beckham: Coming to America'', aired on 16 July 2007 in the US and Canada. It was heavily scrutinised by the American media and critics, with ''The New York Post'' describing it as "an orgy of self-indulgence" and also describing Beckham as "vapid and condescending". The programme was the third-most-watched programme in its time-slot and received viewing figures of 4.9 million in the US, beaten by a repeat of ''Wife Swap'' and two sitcoms. The programme aired in Britain on 17 July 2007 on ITV with 3.84 million viewers tuning in. The programme was produced by Simon Fuller who managed her and the Spice Girls on their come-back tour.

In July 2007, it was announced that Beckham would shortly begin filming a cameo appearance as herself in an episode of the second season of ABC's TV series ''Ugly Betty''. The episode, "A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding", aired on 9 November 2007 in the United States and on 23 November in the United Kingdom. Beckham's first line was "This is major", said when bursting through a curtain at a dress fitting for a wedding, in which she was the bridesmaid. Beckham has said she only agreed to the part because of her interest in fashion, and not for the acting opportunity. Despite her forays into television, Beckham has denied plans to embark upon a Hollywood movie career. In February 2008, it was revealed that Beckham would be the guest judge for the finale of fourth season of ''Project Runway'', which aired on 5 March 2008 in the US.

Fashion

Beckham has become better recognised as an international style icon, rather than a music artist. Beckham made a guest appearance on the catwalk for Maria Grachvogel in 2000, marking her debut as a model at London Fashion Week. Beckham also acted as a British ambassador for Dolce and Gabbana and was briefly the face of Rocawear in 2003. Beckham designed a limited-edition fashion line for Rock & Republic called VB Rocks in 2004, consisting mainly of jeans for the high end of the market, retailing at approximately $300 in the US. She had previously "hit it off instantly" with Rock & Republic designer, Michael Ball, in Los Angeles. He commented "She not only understands fashion and trends but has been a trend-setter and fashion icon for years."

On 16 January 2006, Beckham walked the runway for Roberto Cavalli at Milan Fashion Week, and was for a period exclusively dressed by him for red-carpet and social events. For the March 2006 issue of ''Harper's Bazaar'', Beckham acted as fashion editor when she styled her close friend, Katie Holmes, for a fashion shoot. In July 2006, Beckham released a line of sunglasses, called dvb Eyewear. She has admitted to a personal love of sunglasses, saying "I'm quite obsessed with sunglasses. I collect vintage Guccis and Carreras — they can make virtually any outfit look cool." After Beckham's departure from Rock & Republic, in September 2006, she furthered her fashion ventures by launching her own denim label, of which she acts as creative director. The new line of Beckham's jeans collection is called dvb Style. In the same month, Intimately Beckham, a his-and-her fragrance line, was launched at a lavish press conference in Venice. Beckham then launched her new official website, dvbstyle.com, which promotes her fashion work. She also produced a range of handbags and jewellery in association with the Japanese store, Samantha Thavasa.

On 5 June 2007, Beckham won two British ''Glamour Magazine'' Awards, one for "Woman of the Year" and another for "Entrepreneur of the Year," which celebrated her fashion achievements. On 14 June 2007 Beckham launched her dvb Denim collection in New York at the high-end Saks Fifth Avenue, along with unveiling her eye-wear range in the United States for the first time. In the same month, Beckham made her first appearance at London's annual Graduate Fashion Week as a judge alongside Glenda Bailey (editor-in-chief of ''Harper’s Bazaar'') and Lanvin's Alber Elbaz, to choose the winner of the River Island Gold Award, worth £20,000. In August 2007, Intimately Beckham perfume hit US stores for the first time. Victoria Beckham has stated "We are not just saying, 'We are celebrities, put our name on it.' I love to be involved with the whole process." The Intimately Beckham line has been predicted to sell over $100 million worth of sales internationally, doubling this estimate in 2008. In September 2007, Beckham released Intimately Beckham Night a new range of his-and-her fragrances, and her debut cosmetics line V-Sculpt was unveiled and launched in Tokyo. In a 2007 appearance at an LA Galaxy press conference, Beckham is credited with having popularised Roland Mouret's 'moon dress' and his brand, and Beckham was also the face of Marc Jacobs for his Spring 2008 collection. Beckham's own fashion collection debuted during the 2008 New York Fashion Week at the Waldorf Hotel, featuring dresses, of which only 400 will be made. Her first collection, that will retail between £650 and £1900, was met with positive reviews; "it was a very impressive, accomplished collection, with not a single dud. ... it was the fabrics (silk, wool and organza) and the attention to detail that impressed", wrote one critic, whilst others called it "Beautiful", "desirable" and "classy".

Beckham sealed her status as a fashion icon by appearing on the cover of different editions of Vogue Magazine three times in a the space of a year. Beckham's first appearance was on the April 2008 cover of British Vogue, then in November she appeared on Indian Vogue, and in February 2009 she made the cover of Russian Vogue. Beckham has voiced her anti-fur beliefs, and promotes an animal friendly wardrobe filled with faux/synthetic furs. Her stand against the fur industry has generated admiration from animal rights organizations, including PETA. Of PETA's numerous anti-fur campaigns, Beckham stated that she is "supportive of its high-profile anti-fur campaigns," and pledged "never to work with fur in any of her own fashion collections". Beckham is also well known for her love of designer high heeled shoes.

Personal life

In 1997, she started dating footballer David Beckham after they had met at a charity football match, prompting him to request a meeting with her. Of their initial meeting, she said, "I didn't really know who he was. I was never into football." The couple announced their engagement in 1998 and were dubbed "Posh and Becks" by the media. On 4 July 1999 they were married by the Bishop of Cork, Paul Colton, at Luttrellstown Castle, Ireland. The wedding attracted much media coverage. Beckham's team-mate, Gary Neville, was the best man, and the couple's four month old son Brooklyn was the ring bearer. Most of the media were kept away from the ceremony as an exclusive deal with ''OK!'' magazine had been arranged, but photographs were released showing the Beckhams sitting on golden thrones. Victoria wearing a diamond coronet created for her by jewellery designer Slim Barrett. A total of 437 staff were employed for the wedding reception, which was estimated to have cost £500,000 (US$823,650). The couple bought what would become their most famous home for £2.5 million in 1999; the property, which is set in of land, was duly given a £3 million renovation and was subsequently dubbed Beckingham Palace by the media.

Victoria and David Beckham have four children: sons Brooklyn Joseph (born 4 March 1999, Westminster, London), Romeo James (born 1 September 2002, Westminster, London), Cruz David (born 20 February 2005, Madrid, Spain); and daughter Harper Seven (born 10 July 2011, Los Angeles). Elton John and David Furnish are reportedly the godparents of Brooklyn and Romeo, and the godmother is Elizabeth Hurley. Prior to Harper's birth, Victoria and David Beckham stated that they had a strong desire for a daughter.

In January 2000, a tip-off to Scotland Yard detectives exposed a plot to kidnap Victoria and Brooklyn Beckham and hold them at a house in Hampstead, London. The family was then moved to a secret location, but no arrests were made. Later in March 2000, she received a death threat prior to performing at the Brit Awards with the Spice Girls, and in the show's rehearsal, a red laser light appeared on her chest and she was rushed off stage. After a fire door was found to be lodged open, it was thought that there had been an assassin there, and Beckham later revealed that she was terrified by the experience. In November 2002, five people were arrested after another plot for her kidnap was infiltrated by a tabloid newspaper. All charges were dropped after a witness was deemed unreliable. In 2004, allegations surfaced that David Beckham had had a brief affair with a former personal assistant, Rebecca Loos. The affair had apparently taken place when David had moved to Madrid, although he denied all the allegations.

The family moved to Los Angeles, California on 12 July 2007 as a result of David being signed to play for the LA Galaxy. On their arrival in America on 12 July 2007, Victoria and David were met by hundreds of paparazzi and media representatives, causing a media frenzy. They currently reside in a $22 million Beverly Hills mansion with ten security guards. To create publicity for their move to America, the couple were photographed in their underwear for the fashion magazine, ''W'', which also included an interview in which Victoria said that David's supposed affair with Loos had made their marriage stronger. On 29 May 2011, it was announced that the Beckhams would be settling back to England after the birth of their fourth child, which occurred in July 2011.

It was reported in October 2007 that Beckham had turned down the opportunity to appear in ''Sex and the City: The Movie''. She stated in an interview: "...asked to be in the ''Sex and the City'' film, which I would have loved to have done, but because I am in full-on Spice Girls rehearsal mode, unfortunately, I can't do it." Beckham's marriage and career as a singer have made her the 52nd richest woman in Britain. and the 19th richest person in Britain with husband David, with an estimated joint wealth of £112 million ($225 million USD). In 2010, Beckhams's charity work with Save the Children earned her a nomination for the Do Something With Style Award from the VH1 Do Something Awards. The awards show, produced by Vh1, is dedicated to honoring people who do good and is powered by Do Something, an organization that aims to empower, celebrate, and inspire young people.

Filmography

''American Idol (season 9)

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
1997	Spice World (film)>Spice World''	Herself
2000
2002	''Being Victoria Beckham''
2003	''The Real Beckhams''
2006	''Full Length & Fabulous''
rowspan=2	2007		''Victoria Beckham: Coming to America''
''Ugly Betty''	Episode "A Nice Day for a Posh Wedding"
2008	''Project Runway''
2009	''Germany's Next Topmodel''
2010	American Idol'' ||	Appeared as a guest judge	Boston & Denver Auditions
2010	''SpongeBob SquarePants''

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Album	Charts
		! width="40"
2001		* Released: 1 October 2001	* Label: Virgin	Compact Cassette>cassette	10

Singles

Year	Single	Charts	Album
!align="center" width="30"	!align="center" width="30"	!align="center" width="30"	!align="center" width="30"	!align="center" width="30"
2000
2001							align="center" rowspan="2"
2002
	align="left"

See also

Girl Power

Power couple

Celebrity

Spice Girls

References

External links

Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Businesspeople in fashion Category:English bloggers Category:English businesspeople Category:English dance musicians Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:English female singers Category:English pop singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:Footballers' wives and girlfriends Category:People from Waltham Cross Category:Spice Girls members

ar:فيكتوريا بيكام az:Viktoriya Bekhem bg:Виктория Бекъм cs:Victoria Beckham cy:Victoria Beckham da:Victoria Beckham de:Victoria Beckham et:Victoria Beckham es:Victoria Beckham eo:Victoria Beckham fa:ویکتوریا بکهام fr:Victoria Beckham gl:Victoria Beckham ko:빅토리아 베컴 hi:विक्टोरिया बेखम id:Victoria Beckham it:Victoria Beckham he:ויקטוריה בקהאם sw:Victoria Beckham la:Victoria Beckham lv:Viktorija Bekhema lt:Victoria Beckham hu:Victoria Beckham mk:Викторија Бекам nl:Victoria Beckham ja:ヴィクトリア・ベッカム no:Victoria Beckham nn:Victoria Beckham pl:Victoria Beckham pt:Victoria Beckham ro:Victoria Beckham ru:Бекхэм, Виктория simple:Victoria Beckham sk:Victoria Beckhamová sr:Викторија Бекам fi:Victoria Beckham sv:Victoria Beckham th:วิกทอเรีย เบคแคม tr:Victoria Beckham uk:Вікторія Бекхем vi:Victoria Beckham zh:维多利亚·贝克汉姆

This is a list of notable fashion designers. It includes designers of haute couture and ready to wear. For haute couture only, see the ''list of grands couturiers''.

Argentina

Gustavo Cadile

Alan Faena

Paco Jamandreu

Aruba

Percy Irausquin

Australia

Prue Acton

Rosemary Armstrong

Zara Bate

Linda Britten

Susien Chong

Christopher Chronis

Collette Dinnigan

Leona Edmiston

Christopher Essex

Enid Gilchrist

Joshua Goot

Juli Grbac

Alannah Hill

Lisa Ho

Linda Jackson

Peter Jackson

Jenny Kee

Toni Matičevski

Peter Morrissey

Charlene O'Brien

Jonathan Pampling

Alex Perry

Joe Saba

Richard Tyler

Carla Zampatti

Austria

Helmut Lang

Bahrain

Kubra Al Qaseer

Bangladesh

Bibi Russell

Belgium

Walter Van Beirendonck

Dirk Bikkembergs

Veronique Branquinho

Ann Demeulemeester

Diane von Fürstenberg

Martin Margiela

Bruno Pieters

Elvis Pompilio

Raf Simons

Olivier Strelli

Olivier Theyskens

Kris Van Assche

Dries van Noten

Brazil

Zuzu Angel

Igor Cavalera

Francisco Costa

Tufi Duek

Alexandre Herchcovitch

Clodovil Hernandes

Amir Slama

Carlos Tufvesson

Ocimar Versolato

Canada

Brian Bailey

Dean and Dan Caten

Simon Chang

Patrick Cox

Rad Hourani

Tara Jarmon

Erdem Moralioğlu

Marie-Paule Nolin

Arnold Scaasi

Alfred Sung

China

Betty Charnuis

Cho Cheng

Spy Henry Lau

Vivienne Tam

Colombia

Esteban Cortázar

Nina Garcia

Croatia

Damir Doma

Cyprus

Hussein Chalayan

Czech Republic

Zuzana Kralova

Denmark

Malene Birger

Erik Brandt

Margit Brandt

Peter Ingwersen

Dominican Republic

Oscar de la Renta

Finland

Minna Cheung

Riitta Immonen

Teuvo Loman

France

Sophie Albou

Adeline André

Christian Audigier

Dominique Aurientis

Loris Azzaro

Agnès B.

Pierre Balmain

Rose Bertin

Marc Bohan

Vanessa Bruno

Serge Cajfinger

Callot Sisters

Pierre Cardin

Jean-Charles de Castelbajac

Coco Chanel

Christophe Charvet

Madeleine Chéruit

André Courrèges

Christian Dior

Jacques Doucet

Nicole Farhi

Jacques Fath

Louis Feraud

Julien Fournié

Maud Frizon

Jean Paul Gaultier

Nicolas Ghesquière

Hubert de Givenchy

Anne Valérie Hash

Daniel Hechter

Daniel Hechter

Charles Jourdan

Germaine Krebs

Christian Lacroix

Jeanne Lanvin

Ted Lapidus

Guy Laroche

Yves Saint Laurent

Alexis Lavigne

Lucien Lelong

Hervé Leroux

Catherine Malandrino

Claude Montana

Gilles Montezin

Roland Mouret

Thierry Mugler

Jeanne Paquin

Jean Patou

Josiane Maryse Pividal

Paul Poiret

Louis Réard

Caroline Reboux

Nina Ricci

Marcel Rochas

Sonia Rykiel

Dominique Sirop

Hedi Slimane

Franck Sorbier

Sophie Theallet

Pauline Trigere

Emanuel Ungaro

Madeleine Vionnet

Roger Vivier

Louis Vuitton

Catherine Walker

Germany

Etienne Aigner

Torsten Amft

Iris von Arnim

Hugo Boss AG

Gregor Clemens

Egon von Fürstenberg

Robert Geller

Eva Gronbach

Uli Herzner

Claudia Hill

Wolfgang Joop

Karl Lagerfeld

Sonja de Lennart

Margaretha Ley

Tomas Maier

Rudolph Moshammer

Philipp Plein

Jil Sander

Greece

Sophia Kokosalaki

Panos Papadopoulos

Elena Votsi

India

Erum Ali

Manish Arora

Rohit Bal

Ritu Beri

Kavita Bhartiya

Rehane Yavar Dhala

Surily Goel

Shabina Khan

Rohit Khosla

Ritu Kumar

Neeta Lulla

Manish Malhotra

Asmita Marwa

Sabyasachi Mukherjee

Agnimitra Paul

Wendell Rodricks

Anna Singh

Govind Kumar Singh

Tarun Tahiliani

JJ Valaya

Iraq

Reem Alasadi

Bassem Al Cheikh Jawad

May Joseph Ramou

Hana Sadiq

Salim al-Shimiri

Ireland

Sybil Connolly

Paul Costelloe

Orla Kiely

Miriam Mone

Philip Treacy

Israel

Yigal Azrouël

Alber Elbaz

Lea Gottlieb

Nili Lotan

Yotam Solomon

Elie Tahari

Italy

Giorgio Armani

Renato Balestra

Rocco Barocco

Rene Caovilla

Ennio Capasa

Roberto Capucci

Domenico Caraceni

Roberto Cavalli

Emilio Cavallini

Nino Cerruti

Enrico Coveri

Alessandro De Benedetti

Alessandro Dell'Acqua

Domenico Dolce

Alessandra Facchinetti

Salvatore Ferragamo

Gianfranco Ferré

Alberta Ferretti

Stefano Gabbana

Irene Galitzine

Guccio Gucci

Angelo Litrico

Achille Maramotti

Alviero Martini

Anna Molinari

Franco Moschino

Stefano Pilati

Miuccia Prada

Emilio Pucci

Nina Ricci

Fausto Sarli

Alessandro Sartori

Elsa Schiaparelli

Mila Schön

Luciano Soprani

Sergio Tacchini

Riccardo Tisci

Valentino

Giambattista Valli

Donatella Versace

Gianni Versace

Italo Zucchelli

Japan

Tsumori Chisato

Limi Feu

Akira Isogawa

Rei Kawakubo

Takeo Kikuchi

Eley Kishimoto

Michiko Koshino

Mana

Eri Matsui

Issey Miyake

Hanae Mori

Tayuka Nakanishi

Hirooko Naoto

Kenzo Takada

Novala Takemoto

Akira Takeuchi

Junya Tashiro

Junya Watanabe

Kansai Yamamoto

Yohji Yamamoto

Junko Yoshioka

Korea

Yeojin Bae

Doo-Ri Chung

Andre Kim

Latvia

Gints Bude

Lebanon

Reem Acra

Huguette Caland

George Chakra

Sonia Fares

Abed Mahfouz

Zuhair Murad

Elie Saab

Macedonia

Nikola Eftimov

Brennan Miloseski

Marjan Pejoski

Malaysia

Bernard Chandran

Jimmy Choo

Melinda Looi

Zang Toi

Alexandrea Yeo

Mali

Mohamed Dia

Malamine Koné

Lamine Badian Kouyaté

Chris Seydou

Mexico

Manuel Cuevas

Eduardo Lucero

Mario Moya

José María Torre

Montenegro

Mimi Đurović

Netherlands

Wilbert Das

Koos Van Den Akker

Marlies Dekkers

Olcay Gulsen

Viktor Horsting

Addy van den Krommenacker

Frans Molenaar

Antoine Peters

Ellen Schippers

Rolf Snoeren

Josephus Thimister

Warmenhoven & Venderbos

Mart Visser

Edgar Vos

New Zealand

Trelise Cooper

Elisabeth Findlay

Flora MacKenzie

Rebecca Taylor

Karen Walker

Nepal

Prabal Gurung

Niger

Seidnally Sidhamed

Nigeria

Deola Sagoe

Norway

Andreas Melbostad

Gunhild Nygaard

Pakistan

Amir Adnan

Maheen Ali

Nickie Nina

Philippines

Mich Dulce

Sassa Jimenez

Monique Lhuillier

Rafé Totengco

Poland

Barbara Hulanicki

Ewa Minge

Tomasz Starzewski

Portugal

Fátima Lopes

Isilda Pelicano

Russia

Erté

Sultanna Frantsuzova

Irene Galitzine

Kira Plastinina

Nicolas Putvinski

Valentina Nicholaevna Sanina Schlee

Valentin Yudashkin

Vyacheslav Zaitsev

Dasha Zhukova

Saudi Arabia

Adnan Akbar

Amina Al Jassim

Senegal

Oumou Sy

Singapore

Ashley Isham

Benny Ong

South Africa

Kara Janx

Abigail Keats

Nkhensani Manganyi

Simon Rademan

Victor Stiebel

Hendrik Vermeulen

Spain

Amaya Arzuaga

Cristóbal Balenciaga

Elena Benarroch

Manolo Blahnik

Custo Dalmau

Adolfo Domínguez

Mariano Fortuny

Sita Murt

Paco Rabanne

Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada

Fernando Sánchez

Sri Lanka

Nayana Karunaratne

Ruchira Silva

Sweden

Sighsten Herrgård

Johan Lindeberg

Augusta Lundin

Lars Nilsson

Camilla Thulin

Lars Wallin

Taiwan

Wang Chen Tsai-Hsia

Tanzania

Mustafa Hassanali

Tunisia

Azzedine Alaia

Turkey

Ece Ege

Dice Kayek

Rifat Ozbek

United Kingdom

Hardy Amies

Christopher Bailey

William Baker

Neil Barrett

John Bates

Antonio Berardi

Sara Berman

Ozwald Boateng

Thomas Burberry

Sarah Burton

Robert Cary-Williams

John Cavanagh

Georgina Chapman

Ossie Clark

Jasper Conran

Wayne Cooper

Paul Compitus

Keren Craig

Giles Deacon

Keanan Duffty

David Emanuel

Elizabeth Emanuel

Marion Foale

John Galliano

Elspeth Gibson

Maria Grachvogel

Jeremy Hackett

Katharine Hamnett

Pam Hogg

Henry Holland

Margaret Howell

Betty Jackson

Charles James

Christopher Kane

Stella McCartney

Alexander McQueen

Julien Macdonald

Edward Molyneux

Jean Muir

Tommy Nutter

Bruce Oldfield

Beatrix Ong

Jenny Packham

Ronald Paterson

Jayne Pierson

Gareth Pugh

Mary Quant

Kate Reily

Jonathan Saunders

Ben Sherman

Paul Smith

John Sutcliffe

Alice Temperley

William Tempest

Ian Thomas

Amanda Wakeley

Kim West

Vivienne Westwood

Matthew Williamson

Louise Wilson

Charles Frederick Worth

United States

Carlota Alfaro

Pegah Anvarian

Max Azria

Michael Bastian

Geoffrey Beene

Laura Bennett

Bijan

Bill Blass

Thom Browne

Dana Buchman

Albert Capraro

Hattie Carnegie

Bonnie Cashin

Oleg Cassini

Richard Chai

Liz Claiborne

Kenneth Cole

Jeffrey Costello

Laura Dahl

Chloe Dao

Charles David

Perry Ellis

Erin Fetherston

Patricia Field

Eileen Fisher

Tom Ford

James Galanos

Eric Gaskins

Cole Haan

Halston

Tim Hamilton

Christina Hattler

Uli Herzner

Tommy Hilfiger

Susan Holmes

Marc Jacobs

Elisa Jimenez

Betsey Johnson

Donna Karan

Anne Klein

Calvin Klein

Mychael Knight

Michael Kors

Derek Lam

Ralph Lauren

Kimora Lee Simmons

Nanette Lepore

Beth Levine

Claire McCardell

Bob Mackie

Mainbocher

Paul Marciano

Leanne Marshall

Vera Maxwell

Keith Michael

Nicole Miller

Isaac Mizrahi

Bibhu Mohapatra

Norman Norell

Todd Oldham

Rick Owens

Thakoon Panichgul

Patrick Porter

Zac Posen

Lilly Pulitzer

Santino Rice

Craig Robinson

Narciso Rodriguez

William Rondina

Lela Rose

Cynthia Rowley

Ralph Rucci

Kara Saun

John Saldivar

Scaasi

Austin Scarlett

Jeremy Scott

Jeffrey Sebelia

Russell Simmons

Christian Siriano

LaQuan Smith

Yotam Solomon

Kate Spade

Anna Sui

Robert Tagliapietra

Tere Tereba

John Varvatos

Daniel Vosovic

Alexander Wang

Vera Wang

Stuart Weitzman

Junko Yoshioka

Venezuela

Nicolas Felizola

Carolina Herrera

Vietnam

Thuy Diep

Dang Thi Minh Hanh

See also

List of grands couturiers

List of shoe designers

External links

Fashion designers Category:Design-related lists Category:History of fashion

et:Moeloojate loend es:Anexo:Diseñadores de moda fr:Liste de stylistes id:Daftar perancang busana nl:Lijst van modeontwerpers zh:時裝品牌列表

Coordinates	4°36′00″N101°4′00″N
name	Shekhar Suman
alt	Shekhar Suman at Jhalak Dikhla Jaa Bash
birth date	December 07, 1956
birth place	Patna, Bihar, India
spouse	Alka Suman
yearsactive	1985 - present
occupation	Actor }}

Shekhar Suman (June 14, 1960,, Patna, India) is an Indian film actor and a television personality. Shekhar Suman married Alka Kapur on May 4, 1984 and has a son, Adhyayan Suman a Bollywood film actor. Shekhar Suman has been a household name in India especially on the small screen. He has also acted in Bollywood movies and he recently tried to showcase his singing abilities through a music album. He has now proved his love for his son Adhyayan Suman by gifting him a BMW 7 series car on his 21st birthday. Shekhar is Planning to construct a hospital in Patna in the late memory of his eldest son, Aayush, who died because of a heart ailment when he was nine.

Early life

He was born born on June 14, 1960 in a Kayastha family in Patna. His Grandfather was the first advocate general of bihar, Dr. Phani Bhushan Prasad, was a renowned surgeon in Bihar. He retired as the director-general of health services bihar.

Career

He started his Bollywood career with the film ''Utsav'' opposite Rekha in September 1985.

Though not very successful in films he rose to become the first superstar of Indian television and achieved huge success after the shows ''Dekh Bhai Dekh'', ''Reporter'', ''Wah janab'','chote babu' ''Andaz'',''Amar Prem'' 'aaha', 'main' 'vilayati babu'''Movers n Shakers'', ''Simply Shekhar'' and ''Carry On shekhar''. The last three were primarily modelled on and adapted from ''The Tonight Show'' with Jay Leno. He hosted ''Film Deewane'' ''The Great Indian Comedy Show'' on Star One till February 2006 and did some episodes of ''Dial One aur Jeeto'' on Sahara TV. Prior to this he did quiz shows like ''Nilaam Ghar'' on Zee Television and ''He-Man'' on Star One. He also hosted a show on Star News, ''Poll Khol'' For Five Years which was a satire on the current political scenario in India, comedy circus I (sony tv) and comedy ka maha muqabala (star plus) and perfect bride (star plus) in recent times.

Apart from this, he was one of the judges of ''The Great Indian Laughter Challenge'' along with Navjot Singh Sidhu, a former cricketer. This programme, a stand-up comedy contest, was the first of its kind on Indian television. However Shekhar quit after the end of the third season due to differences with Sidhu. He was replaced by Shatrughan Sinha (a former Bollywood actor, parliamentarian, minister) in the fourth season. He went ahead and became the judge of a rival comedy program 'Comedy Circus', which is one of the several shows which sprang up along the lines of ''The Great Indian Laughter Challenge'', to replicate its success and capitalize on the huge demand for comedy oriented television shows. He also hosted the popular show Jab Khelo SAB Khelo on SAB TV. Currently he can be seen on Sony TV as a participant in Jhalak Dikhlaja .

He is the father of Adhyayan Suman, who is an actor in Indian Cinema. Shekhar Suman has also featured in numerous Indian advertisements like BPL Washing Machine,Coke, Tide, Polar Fans, Priyagold Magic Gold Biscuits, Daawat Basmati Rice, etc.

Recently, he made his debut in singing, with a music album named 'Kuch Khwaab Aise' . His new album is a collection of eight love ballads whose music has been composed by Aadesh Srivastava and lyrics written by Shyam Raj. It features the Brazilian Kingfisher model - Bruna. The entire choreography, designing and direction of the music video has been done by Rajiv Goswami. In December 2009, he appeared as a participant on a reality TV series, ''Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka'' based on past life regression. He has also appeared as a judge in reality TV show aired on Star TV titled as "Lux Perfect Bride". currently he is working in Vinod Pandeys Flim "Chalu Movies Inc" Anand Mahendroo's "Dekh Bhai Dekh" and "Awake" with his own son Adhyayan Suman. This is the first flim produced by his production company "Windmill Entertainment "PVT LTD" to be directed by Rohit Jugraj.

Filmography

Television

! Title	! Role	! Channel
	Kishan	DD National
		Zee TV
	Anand	DD National
''Bade Miya Chhote Miya''	Shekhar	SAB TV
Bombay Blue		Channel 4
	Judge
	Judge
	Judge
''Comedy Circus 2''	Judge
''Comedy Circus 20 – 20''	Judge
''Comedy Circus Ka Jadoo''	Judge
''Dam Dama Dam''	Sarju/Chichi/Sonu/Karan	Zee TV
''Dekh Bhai Dekh''	Sameer Diwan
''Dekh India Dekh''	Judge
''Dial One Aur Jeeto''	Host	Sahara One
''Ek Raja Ek Rani''	Ajay Kapoor	DD National / Zee TV
''Film Deewane''		Zee TV
		STAR One
	Ajay Premi	STAR Plus
		DD National
	Contestant
''Kabhi Idhar Kabhi Udhar''	Anand Sinha	Home TV
		SAB TV
	Viren Kumar	STAR Plus
		Zee TV
''Pol Khol''		STAR News
		DD National
''Simply Shekhar''	Host	Zee TV
''Still Moving Still Shaking''	Host	Imagine TV
''Tedhi Baat Shekhar Ke Saath''		SAB TV
''Teen Varsh''	Ajit	DD National
''The Great Indian Comedy Show''	Judge	STAR One
''The Great Indian Laughter Challenge''	Judge	STAR One
''Wah Janab''		DD National
''Wilaytee Babu''		DD National

Film

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			hindola

Criticism

An FIR was registered against Sony entertainment channel's, actor Shekhar Suman, comedian Bharti Singh and a scriptwriter, for allegedly hurting religious sentiments by insulting Quranic verse in a comedy show aired by the channel on

Politics

Shekhar contested Parliamentary elections 2009 from 36 Patna sahib Constituency for the Indian National Congress party against the BJP's Shatrughan Sinha.

He lost that election.

References

External links

Anubhav at IMDB

Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian comedians Category:Indian actors Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian Hindus Category:Indian television presenters