name	Cannes International Film Festival
logo	Festival de Cannes logo.svg
location	Cannes, France
language	International
website	http://www.festival-cannes.com }}

The Cannes International Film Festival (French: ''Le Festival International du Film de Cannes'' or just ''Festival de Cannes''), founded in 1946, is the most prestigious film festival in the world. The private festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès, in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France.

The 64th edition took place from 11 to 22 May 2011. The President of the Jury was the American actor Robert De Niro.

History

The Cannes Film Festival has its origins in the late 1930s when Jean Zay, the French Minister of National Education, on the proposal of Philippe Erlanger and with the support of the British and Americans, set up an international cinematographic festival in response to the interference of the fascist governments of Italy and Germany in the selection of films for the Venice Film Festival. Cannes was selected for the location over other candidates, such as Vichy, Biarritz and Algiers. In June 1939, Louis Lumière agreed to be the president of the first festival, set to be held from 1 to 30 September 1939 as "Le Festival International de Cannes". The German attack on Poland on 1 September 1939, followed by the declaration of war against Germany by France and the United Kingdom on 3 September, ended the first edition of the festival before it started.

The festival was relaunched after the Second World War in 1946, in the old Casino of Cannes, financed by the City of Cannes and the French Foreign Affairs Ministry. Although the initial spirit of the French festival was to compete with its Italian counterpart, a secret agreement took place between both nations that they would celebrate their international festivals in alternating years. The first Cannes Festival was a considerable success, so when the agreement was made public it was heavily criticised and considered as a "capitulation of France". The next year, in 1947, the festival was held as the "Festival du film de Cannes", with films from sixteen countries were presented. Moreover, the principle of equality was introduced, so that the jury was to be made up only of one representative per country. Also, this year the festival was held at the made-for-the-occasion ''Palais des Festivals'', although the roof was unfinished and blew off during a storm. The festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. In 1951, owing to better relations between France and Italy, the Cannes Festival was moved to Spring, while the ''Mostra'' remained in Autumn.

In 1955 the Golden Palm was created, replacing the ''Grand Prix du Festival'' which had been given until that year. In 1957 Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member. In 1959 the ''Marché du Film'' (Film Market) was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce.

In 1962 the International Critics' Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors from all over the world, not succumbing to commercial tendencies. In 1965 an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, and he was named Honorary President for life. The next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival.

The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May 1968. Some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Milos Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. On 18 May, filmmaker Louis Malle along with a group of directors took over the large room of the ''Palais'' and interrupted the projections in solidarity with students and labour on strike throughout France, and in protest to the eviction of the then President of the Cinémathèque Française. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors' Society (SRF) that same year. In 1969 the SRF, led by Pierre-Henri Deleau created the Directors' Fortnight, a new non-competitive section that programs a selection of films from around the world, distinguished by the independent judgment displayed in the choice of films.

During the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972 Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President, and Maurice Bessy the Managing Director. He immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival. Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978 Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra d'Or award and the Un Certain Regard section. Other changes were the decrease of length of the festival down to thirteen days, reducing the number of selected films thus; also, until that point the Jury was composed by Film Academics, and Jacob started to introduce celebrities and professionals from the film industry.

In 1983 a new, much bigger ''Palais des Festivals et des Congrès'' was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed "The Bunker" and provoked many reactions against it. In 1984 Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It wasn't until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection: la Cinéfondation. Its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities. The Cinéfondation was completed in 2000 with ''La Résidence'' and in 2005 ''L'Atelier''. The Festival's current President, Gilles Jacob, was appointed in 2000, and in 2002 the Festival officially adopted the name ''Festival de Cannes''.

Impact

The festival has become an important showcase for European films. Jill Forbes and Sarah Street argue in ''European Cinema: An Introduction'', that Cannes "became...extremely important for critical and commercial interests and for European attempts to sell films on the basis of their artistic quality" (page 20). Forbes and Street also point out that, along with other festivals such as Venice and Berlin, Cannes offers an opportunity to determine a particular country's image of its cinema and generally foster the notion that European cinema is "art" cinema.

Additionally, given massive media exposure, the non-public festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for film producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe.

Programmes

The Cannes Film Festival is organised in various sections:

The Official Selection – The main event of the festival.

*In Competition – The twenty films competing for the Palme d'Or. They are projected in the ''Théâtre Lumière''.

*Un Certain Regard – Twenty films selected from cultures near and far; original and different works. They are projected at the ''Salle Debussy''.

*Out of Competition – These films are also projected in the ''Théâtre Lumière'' but do not compete for the main prize.

*Special Screenings – The selection committee chooses for these films an environment specially adapted to their particular identity.

*Cinéfondation – About fifteen shorts and medium-length motion pictures from film schools over the world are presented at the ''Salle Buñuel''.

*Short Films – The shorts competing for the Short Film Palme d'Or are presented at the Buñuel and Debussy theatres. There are approximately 10 films in this competition.

Parallel Sections – These are non-competitive programmes dedicated to discovering other aspects of cinema.

*Cannes Classics – It celebrates the heritage of film, aiming to highlight works of the past, presented with brand new or restored prints.

*Tous les Cinémas du Monde – It showcases the vitality and diversity of cinema across the world. Each day, one country is invited to present a range of features and shorts in celebration of its unique culture, identity and recent film works.

*Caméra d'Or – It rewards the best first film of the Festival, choosing among the debutants' works among the Official Selection, the Directors' Fortnight and the International Critics' Week selections.

*Cinéma de la Plage – Screening of Cannes Classics and Out of Competition films for the mass public on Macé beach, preceded by a programme dedicated to film music.

Other Sections – Produced by outside organizations during the Cannes Festival.

*Directors' Fortnight

*International Critics' Week

Events

*Marché du Film – The busiest movie market of the world.

*Masterclasses – Given in public by world renowned filmmakers.

*Tributes – Honors internationally renowned artists with the presentation of the Festival Trophee following the screening of one of their films.

*Producers Network – An opportunity to make international co-productions.

*Exhibitions – Each year, an artist, a body of work or a cinematographic theme becomes the focus of an exhibition that diversifies or illustrates the event's programme.

*60th Anniversary – Events organised in 2007 dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Festival.

Juries

Prior to the beginning of each event, the Festival's board of directors appoints the juries who hold sole responsibility for choosing which films will receive a Cannes award. Jurors are chosen from a wide range of international artists, based on their body of work and respect from their peers.

Feature Films – An international jury composed of a President and various film or art personalities, who determine the prizes for the feature films in Competition.

Cinéfondation and Short Films – Composed of a President and four film personalities. It awards the Short Film Palme d'Or as well as the three best films of the Cinéfondation.

Un Certain Regard – Composed of a President, journalists, students in cinema, and industry professionals. It awards the Un Certain Regard Prize for best film and can, moreover, honour two other films.

Caméra d'Or – Composed of a President, as well as film directors, technicians, and French and international critics. They award the best film in any category.

Awards

The most prestigious award given out at Cannes is the ''Palme d'Or'' ("Golden Palm") for the best film.

Competition

* ''Palme d'Or'' – ''Golden Palm''

* ''Grand Prix'' – ''Grand Prize of the Festival''

* ''Prix du Jury'' – ''Jury Prize''

* ''Palme d'Or du court métrage'' – ''Best Short Film''

* ''Prix d'interprétation féminine'' – ''Best Actress''

* ''Prix d'interprétation masculine'' – ''Best Actor''

* ''Prix de la mise en scène'' – ''Best Director''

* ''Prix du scénario'' – ''Best Screenplay''

Other Sections

* ''Prix Un Certain Regard'' – ''Young talent, innovative and audacious works''

* ''Cinéfondation prizes'' – ''Student films''

* ''Caméra d'Or'' – ''Best first feature film''

Given by Independent Entities

* ''Prix de la FIPRESCI'' – ''International Federation of Film Critics Prize''

* ''Prix Vulcain'' – Awarded to a technical artist by the CST

* International Critics' Week Prizes

* Prize of the Ecumenical Jury

Palm Dog, for best canine performance.

Queer Palm, for LGBT-related films.

List of Palme d'Or winners

2011: The Tree of Life, Terrence Malick

2010: Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, Apichatpong Weerasethakul

2009: The White Ribbon, Michael Haneke

See also

Directors' Fortnight

List of Palme d'Or winners

Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival

Toronto International Film Festival

References

Further reading

''Cannes: Fifty Years of Sun, Sex & Celluloid : Behind the Scenes at the World's Most Famous Film Festival '' by Peter Bart (Miramax, 1997)

''Cannes – A Festival Virgin's Guide'' by Benjamin Craig (Cinemagine Media Publishing, 2004)

''Hollywood on the Riviera: The Inside Story of the Cannes Film Festival'' by Cari Beauchamp and Henri Behar (William Morrow & Co, 1992)

External links

Cannes Film Festival official website

Cannes Film Festival Blog

Radio France Internationale coverage of the Cannes Film Festival 2010 Radio France Internationale coverage of the Cannes Film Festival 2011

Footage from the 1958 Cannes Film Festival

Cannes – A Festival Virgin's Guide – Detailed festival history and information for attendees

Category:Cannes Film Festival Category:Film festivals in France Category:International film festivals Category:Recurring events established in 1939

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A film festival is an organised, extended presentation of films in one or more movie theaters or screening venues, usually in a single locality. More and more often film festivals show part of their films to the public by adding outdoor movie screenings. The films may be of recent date and, depending upon the focus of the individual festival, can include international releases as well as films produced by the organisers' domestic film industry. Sometimes there is a focus on a specific film-maker or genre (e.g., film noir) or subject matter (e.g., horror film festivals). A number of film festivals specialise in short films, each with its defined maximum length. Film festivals are typically annual events.

History

The first major film festival was held in Venice in 1932; the other major and oldest film festivals of the world are: Festival del film Locarno (1946), Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (1946), Edinburgh International Film Festival (1947), Cannes Film Festival (1947), Melbourne International Film Festival (1951) and Berlin International Film Festival (1951).

The Edinburgh International Film Festival in the UK was established in 1947 and is the longest continually running film festival in the world. Raindance Film Festival is the UK's largest celebration of independent film-making and is taking place in London in October.

The first North American high film festival was the Columbus International Film & Video Festival, also known as The Chris Awards, held in 1953. According to the Film Arts Foundation in San Francisco, "''The Chris Awards'' (is) one of the most prestigious documentary, educational, business and informational competitions in the U.S; (it is) the oldest of its kind in North America and celebrating its 54th year."

It was followed four years later by the San Francisco International Film Festival held in March 1957 whose emphasis was on feature-length dramatic films. The festival played a major role in introducing foreign films to American audiences. Among the films shown in its founding year were Akira Kurosawa's ''Throne of Blood'' and Satyajit Ray's ''Pather Panchali''.

Today there are thousands of film festivals around the world, ranging from high profile festivals such as Sundance Film Festival (Park City, UT) to horror festivals such as Terror Film Festival (Philadelphia, PA).

Digital feature film distribution began in 2005, along with the arrival of the world's first online film festival, the GreenCine Online Film Festival, sponsored by DivX *.

Entry fee

Most film festivals require filmmakers to pay an entry fee to have their works considered for screening. This is especially commonplace among larger film festivals, such as the Cannes Film Festival, Toronto International Film Festival, Sundance Film Festival, South by Southwest and even smaller "boutique" festivals such as the Miami International Film Festival and the British Urban Film Festival in London.

However, not all film festivals require an entry fee. Rotterdam Film Festival, for example, does not charge an entry fee to submit work. There are also many smaller film festivals in the United States, such as the Stony Brook Film Festival in Long Island, New York, the Northwest Filmmakers' Festival, or the Sicilian Film Festival in Miami, Florida, which do not charge entry fees; however, acceptance of films is usually more limited, and such film festivals do not necessarily attract big names in their audiences like Sundance and Telluride do. In some cases, such as the Portland International Film Festival, there is an entry fee, but it is waived for filmmakers within a certain region, such as the Northwestern United States.

Significant or Notable festivals

The three most prestigious film festivals are commonly regarded to be that of Cannes, Berlin and Venice; these festivals are sometimes called the "Big Three." Polish director Krzysztof Kieślowski's ''The Three Colors Trilogy'' were each made for these festivals, with ''Blue'' for Venice, ''White'' for Berlin, and ''Red'' for Cannes.

The Toronto International Film Festival is North America's most popular festival. ''Time'' wrote it had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.". Seattle International Film Festival is credited as being the largest film festival in America, regularly showing over 400 films in a month across the city The Sundance Film Festival, Tribeca Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival and Gimli Film Festival are also major festivals in North America.

"A" Festivals: The festivals in Cannes, Venice, Berlin, Shanghai, Moscow, San Sebastián, Montréal, Locarno (since 2002), Karlovy Vary, Mar del Plata, Cairo, Tokyo, and Warsaw are listed as "A festivals", or "category one" by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations (FIAPF).

Experimental films: Ann Arbor Film Festival was started in 1963. It is the oldest continually operated experimental film festival in North America and has become one of the premiere film festivals for independent and, primarily, experimental filmmakers to showcase their work.

Independent films: In the US, Telluride Film Festival, Sundance Film Festival, Austin's South by Southwest, and New York City's Tribeca Film Festival, are all considered significant festivals for independent film. The Zero Film Festival is significant as the first and only festival exclusive to self-financed filmmakers. The biggest independent film festival in the UK is Raindance Film Festival.

North American'': The San Francisco International Film Festival, started in 1957, is the oldest continuously running film festival in the Americas. It highlights current trends in international filmmaking and video production with an emphasis on work that has not yet secured U.S. distribution. The Toronto International Film Festival, begun in 1976, is regarded North America's most major and most prestigious film festival, and the most widely attended worldwide. Toronto's Hot Docs is the leading North American documentary film''' festival. Toronto also has the largest amount of film festivals in the world, ranging from cultural, independent, and historic films. The largest festival, in terms of the number of features shown, is the Seattle International Film Festival, screening 270 features, and approximately 150 short films. Meanwhile, the New York Film Festival only shows a few films in each year, but it still has big impact in the United States. The Sundance film festival is a major festival for independent film.

Latin American significance: The Cartagena Film Festival, founded by Victor Nieto in 1960, is the oldest film festival in Latin America. The Festival de Gramado (or Gramado Film Festival) Gramado, Brazil along with the Guadalajara International Film Festival in Guadalajara, Mexico are considered to be the most important film festivals of Latin America. It was first held in 1973, awarding Latin American films. The Huelva Ibero-American Film Festival has been held since 1975 in that Spanish city. While the Expresión en Corto International Film Festival is the largest competitive film festival in Mexico, specializing in emerging talents, and is held each year during the last week of July in the two colonial cities of San Miguel de Allende and Guanajuato. Among Spanish speaking countries the Dominican International Film Festival is held annually in Puerto Plata, DR, the Valdivia International Film Festival is held annually in the city of Valdivia. It is arguable the most important film festival in Chile.

Animation: Founded in 1960, the Annecy International Animated Film Festival is the oldest international film festival dedicated exclusively to animation. The others are: Zagreb (f. 1972) Ottawa (f. 1976), Hiroshima (f. 1985), KROK (f. 1989), and Anima Mundi (f. 1992). There are also a variety of regional festivals in various countries.

Asian Film Festival: Most notable amongst the Asian Film Festivals are the Osian's-Cinefan Film Festival, which was recently expanded to include Arab Cinema as well, and the Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF).

European festivals The biggest European festival is the Cannes film festival in France along with Berlin and Venice.

Art and Technology: The Palo Alto International Film Festival, a program of the Palo Alto Institute, is the only film festival in the United States to celebrate the convergence of art and technology, by focusing on the influence of emerging technologies on cinema.

Emerging Filmmakers: The KahBang Film Festival, part of the KahBang Music-Art-Film Festival in Bangor, Maine, is one of the newest film festivals in the United States to discover and showcase the work from Emerging Filmmakers throughout the world. Their programming continues to be unique by also showcasing the best new Comedy features, Music Documentaries, and Maine made films. Each year they honor one notable actor, actress, or filmmaker with the "Kevin Norwood Bacon Award for Achievement in Cinema", acknowledging the success the recipient has achieved in being so closely connected to Kevin Bacon. One of their films is screened in the KahBang Off Screen Category, "Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon" which connects the honored back to the man himself.

See also

List of film festivals

Outdoor cinema

References

Further reading

Turan, Kenneth, ''Sundance to Sarajevo: Film Festivals and the World They Made'', Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2002, hardback, ISBN 0-520-21867-1.

Watson, Nigel, "The Sense and Sensationalism of Film Festivals", Talking Pictures website

Category:Cultural festivals

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name	Academy Award for Best Actor
description	Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role
presenter	Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
country	United States
year	1929 (for performances in films released during the 1927/1928 film season)
holder	Colin Firth,''The King's Speech'' (2010)
website	http://www.oscars.org }}

Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. Prior to the 49th Academy Awards ceremony (1976), this award was simply known as the Academy Award of Merit for Performance by an Actor. Since its inception, however, the award has commonly been referred to as the Oscar for Best Actor. While actors are nominated for this award by Academy members who are actors and actresses themselves, winners are selected by the Academy membership as a whole.

History

Throughout the past 83 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, AMPAS has presented a total of 84 Best Actor awards to 75 different actors. Winners of this Academy Award of Merit receive the familiar Oscar statuette, depicting a gold-plated knight holding a crusader's sword and standing on a reel of film. The first recipient was Emil Jannings, who was honored at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony (1929) for his performances in ''The Last Command'' and ''The Way of All Flesh''. The most recent recipient was Colin Firth, who was honored at the 83rd Academy Awards ceremony (2011) for his performance in ''The King's Speech''.

In the first three years of the Academy Awards, individuals such as actors and directors were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award. However, during the 3rd Academy Awards ceremony (1930), only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had had two films following their names on the ballots. For the 4th Academy Awards ceremony (1931), this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film. Such nominations are limited to five per year. Until the 8th Academy Awards ceremony (1936), nominations for the Best Actor award were intended to include all actors, whether the performance was in either a leading or supporting role. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony (1937), however, the Best Supporting Actor category was specifically introduced as a distinct award following complaints that the single Best Actor category necessarily favored leading performers with the most screen time. Nonetheless, Lionel Barrymore had received a Best Actor award (''A Free Soul'', 1931) and Franchot Tone a Best Actor nomination (''Mutiny on the Bounty'', 1936) for their performances in clear supporting roles. Currently, Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role, and Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role constitute the four Academy Awards of Merit for acting annually presented by AMPAS.

Other awards for acting

Actors have also received special awards, or Academy Honorary Awards, for acting in specific films (such as in the case of James Baskett, who received a special honorary award for Disney's ''Song of the South''). Child actors have also been awarded the Academy Juvenile Award.

Superlatives

!width="350"	Best Actor	!colspan="2" width="600"	Overall
Actor with most nominations	Spencer TracyLaurence Olivier	9		4	Jack Nicholson	12
Actor with most nominations(without ever winning)	Peter O'Toole	8		4	Peter O'Toole	8
Film with most nominations		3	''On the Waterfront''''The Godfather''''The Godfather Part II''	3	''On the Waterfront''''The Godfather''''The Godfather Part II''	4
Oldest winner	Henry Fonda	76	George Burns	80	George Burns	80
Oldest nominee	Richard Farnsworth	79	Hal Holbrook	82	Hal Holbrook	82
Youngest winner	Adrien Brody	29	Timothy Hutton	20	Timothy Hutton	20
Youngest nominee	Jackie Cooper	9	Justin Henry	8	Justin Henry	8

Nine men have won the Best Actor award twice. In chronological order, they are: Spencer Tracy (1937, 1938), Fredric March (1932, 1946), Gary Cooper (1941, 1952), Marlon Brando (1954, 1972), Dustin Hoffman (1979, 1988), Tom Hanks (1993, 1994), Jack Nicholson (1975, 1997), Daniel Day-Lewis (1989, 2007), and Sean Penn (2003, 2008). Of these, all were Americans except for Daniel Day-Lewis. Tracy and Hanks were the only actors to win their awards in consecutive years. Furthermore, Tracy and Hanks were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.

The periods between wins by the two-time winners are Spencer Tracy and Tom Hanks (1 year), Sean Penn (5 years), Dustin Hoffman (9 years), Gary Cooper (11 years), Fredric March (14 years), Marlon Brando (18 years), Daniel Day-Lewis (18 years), and Jack Nicholson (22 years).

The actors with the most nominations in this category are Spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier, with nine each. Paul Newman, Jack Nicholson, and Peter O'Toole tie for third place with eight nominations each. Nicholson won his awards a record 22 years apart. O'Toole holds the record for the longest time span between his first and last nominations (44 years), and he also holds the record for the greatest number of nominations without ever winning the award (eight).

Six actors have won both the Best Actor and the Best Supporting Actor awards: Jack Lemmon, Robert De Niro, Jack Nicholson, Gene Hackman, Kevin Spacey, and Denzel Washington.

Two actors have won an Academy Award (Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor) for portraying the same character, that of Don Vito Corleone in ''The Godfather'' and ''The Godfather Part II'', respectively. The actors were Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.

There has been only one announced tie in the history of this category. In 1932, Fredric March received one more vote than Wallace Beery. Academy rules at that time considered such a close margin to be a tie, so both March and Beery received the award. Under the current Academy rules, however, dual awards are only given for exact ties. While that has never happened for the Best Actor award, it did happen for the Best Actress award in 1969.

Peter Finch is the only posthumous winner of the Best Actor award, though he was alive when his nomination was announced (the only other posthumous winner in any acting category was another Australian, Heath Ledger, who won the Best Supporting Actor award in 2009). The only posthumously nominated performers in this category were James Dean, Spencer Tracy, and Massimo Troisi. Dean was posthumously nominated twice.

Three actors have been nominated for Best Actor more than once for the same character: Bing Crosby as Father O'Malley in ''Going My Way'' and ''The Bells of St. Mary's''; Peter O'Toole as King Henry II in ''Becket'' and ''The Lion in Winter''; and Paul Newman as "Fast Eddie" Felson in ''The Hustler'' and ''The Color of Money''. (Al Pacino was nominated in 1975 for a role for which he had previously been nominated for Best Supporting Actor, Michael Corleone, in ''The Godfather Part II''.)

Michael Douglas (1988, ''Wall Street'') and Laurence Olivier (1949, ''Hamlet'') are the only two actors to win the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Picture (Douglas as a producer of ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' in 1976, and Olivier as producer of ''Hamlet''). Olivier is also the only actor to win for acting and producing in the same year. Other Oscar nominees for Best Actor and Best Picture are: Clint Eastwood (acting nominations for ''Unforgiven'', 1993, and ''Million Dollar Baby'', 2005, winner for both in the Best Picture category); Kevin Costner, Best Actor nominee for ''Dances with Wolves'' and winning producer for the same film, in 1991; Paul Newman, Best Actor winner for ''The Color of Money'' and a Best Picture nominee for ''Rachel, Rachel'' in 1969; John Wayne, Best Actor winner for ''True Grit'' and a Best Picture nominee for ''The Alamo'' in 1961; Robert Redford, Best Actor nominee for ''The Sting'' and Best Picture nominee for ''Quiz Show''; and Henry Fonda, Best Actor winner for ''On Golden Pond'' and a Best Picture nominee for ''12 Angry Men'' in 1958. Warren Beatty has received Best Actor and Best Picture nominations for ''Bonnie and Clyde'', ''Heaven Can Wait'', ''Reds'', and ''Bugsy'', with no wins in either category.

Barry Fitzgerald is the only actor to be nominated for both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for the same character in the same year (as Father Fitzgibbon for ''Going My Way''). The rules were later changed to prevent a recurrence of this.

Four African-American actors have won the award: Sidney Poitier, Denzel Washington, Jamie Foxx and Forest Whitaker.

Several pairs of actors have been nominated for playing the same character or historical figure: Fredric March and James Mason as Norman Maine in 1937's ''A Star Is Born'' and the 1954 version, Robert Donat and Peter O'Toole as Chipping in 1939's ''Goodbye, Mr. Chips'' and the 1969 version, Laurence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh as Henry V in 1944's ''Henry V'' and the 1989 version (both of which were directed by their stars), Charles Laughton and Richard Burton as Henry VIII in ''The Private Life of Henry VIII'' and ''Anne of the Thousand Days'', Leslie Howard and Rex Harrison as Professor Henry Higgins in ''Pygmalion'' and ''My Fair Lady'', José Ferrer and Gérard Depardieu as Cyrano de Bergerac in 1950's ''Cyrano de Bergerac'' and the 1990 version, Robert Montgomery and Warren Beatty as Joe Pendleton in ''Here Comes Mr. Jordan'' and ''Heaven Can Wait'', Anthony Hopkins and Frank Langella as Richard Nixon in ''Nixon'' and ''Frost/Nixon'', and John Wayne and Jeff Bridges as Rooster Cogburn in the 1969's ''True Grit'' and 2010 version. Robert De Niro won Best Supporting Actor for playing Vito Corleone in ''The Godfather Part II'', the role for which Marlon Brando had previously won Best Actor.

Laurence Olivier is the only actor to have won an Oscar for a Shakespearean performance: Best Actor for ''Hamlet'' (1948). Olivier also received an Academy Honorary Award for ''Henry V'' (1944), which Olivier described as a "fub-off".

Robert Downey, Jr. is the only actor nominated for playing a previous nominee, Charlie Chaplin, in ''Chaplin''.

Jeff Bridges is one of the oldest actors ever to win an Academy Award; he was also one of the youngest actors ever to be nominated. In 2010, he won his Oscar for ''Crazy Heart'' at the age of 60; in 1972, he was nominated for ''The Last Picture Show'' at age 22.

Two actors directed their own Oscar-winning performances: Laurence Olivier in ''Hamlet'' and Roberto Benigni in ''Life Is Beautiful''. To date, however, no individual has won both Best Actor and Best Director.

Two winners have declined the award: George C. Scott, who won for ''Patton'' in 1971 (he had also declined his 1962 nomination for Best Supporting Actor for ''The Hustler''); and Marlon Brando, upon winning his second Oscar for ''The Godfather'' in 1973.

A few early winning and nominated performances have subsequently been lost, including Emil Jannings in ''The Way of All Flesh'' (1928), Lewis Stone in ''The Patriot'' (1928), and Lawrence Tibbett in ''The Rogue Song'' (1930), of which only a short fragment and the soundtrack survives.

The earliest nominee in this category who is still alive is Mickey Rooney (1939), followed by Kirk Douglas (1949). The earliest winner in this category who is still alive is Ernest Borgnine (1955), followed by Maximilian Schell (1962)—both won over Spencer Tracy The few remaining living nominees from the 1940s–50s Hollywood era include Kirk Douglas (3 nominations). Sidney Poitier also received his first nomination in 1958.

Ernest Borgnine is the only Best Actor winner to ever turn 90. He is also one of the few actors from that era who still work in films.

The earliest Oscars where all 5 Best Actor nominations are still alive is the 56th Academy Awards. While the most recent where all 5 have died was the 38th Academy Awards.

As of 2011 the earliest Oscars where all 4 acting winners are alive is the 34th Academy Awards, while the most recent where all 4 have died is the 39th Academy Awards.

Multiple nominations

The following 48 winners of the Academy Award for Best Actor have received multiple nominations for the award. This list is sorted by the number of total awards (with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses).

2 : Spencer Tracy (9)

2 : Jack Nicholson (8)

2 : Marlon Brando (7)

2 : Dustin Hoffman (7)

2 : Gary Cooper (5)

2 : Tom Hanks (5)

2 : Fredric March (5)

2 : Sean Penn (5)

2 : Daniel Day-Lewis (4)

1 : Laurence Olivier (9)

1 : Paul Newman (8)

1 : Jack Lemmon (7)

1 : Paul Muni (6)

1 : Robert De Niro (5)

1 : Al Pacino (5)

1 : James Stewart (5)

1 : Gregory Peck (5)

1 : Burt Lancaster (4)

1 : Ronald Colman (4)

1 : Charles Laughton (3)

1 : James Cagney (3)

1 : Clark Gable (3)

1 : William Holden (3)

1 : Anthony Hopkins (3)

1 : Humphrey Bogart (3)

1 : William Hurt (3)

1 : Bing Crosby (3)

1 : Jon Voight (3)

1 : Robert Duvall (3)

1 : Russell Crowe (3)

1 : Denzel Washington (3)

1 : Jeff Bridges (3)

1 : George Arliss (2)

1 : Wallace Beery (2)

1 : Robert Donat (2)

1 : Richard Dreyfuss (2)

1 : José Ferrer (2)

1 : Rex Harrison (2)

1 : Rod Steiger (2)

1 : George C. Scott (2)

1 : Alec Guinness (2)

1 : John Wayne (2)

1 : Peter Finch (2)

1 : Sidney Poitier (2)

1 : Maximilian Schell (2)

1 : Henry Fonda (2)

1 : Nicolas Cage (2)

1 : Gene Hackman (2)

1 : Geoffrey Rush (2)

1 : Ben Kingsley (2)

1 : Colin Firth (2)

Life expectancy of winners

In 2001 Donald A. Redelmeier, MD, and Sheldon M. Singh, BSc published a study in the Annals of Internal Medicine in which they found:

"Winning an Academy Award was associated with a large gain in life expectancy for actors and actresses...Winning an Academy Award can increase a performer’s stature and may add to their longevity. The absolute difference in life expectancy is about equal to the societal consequence of curing all cancers in all people for all time (22, 23). Moreover, movie stars who have won multiple Academy Awards have a survival advantage of 6.0 years (CI, 0.7 to 11.3 years) over performers with multiple films but no victories. Formal education is not the only way to improve health, and strict poverty is not the only way to worsen health. The main implication is that higher status may be linked to lower mortality rates even at very impressive levels of achievement."

The aforementioned authors did an update to 29 March 2006 in which they found 122 more individuals and 144 more deaths since their first publication. Their unadjusted analysis showed a smaller survival advantage of 3.6 years for winners compared to their fellow nominees and costars in the films in which their performance garnered them their award. However, in a 2006 published study by Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, MSc, Ella Huszti, MSc, and James A. Hanley, PhD, the authors found:

"The statistical method used to derive this statistically significant difference gave winners an unfair advantage because it credited an Oscar winner's years of life before winning toward survival subsequent to winning. When the authors of the current article reanalyzed the data using methods that avoided this "immortal time" bias, the survival advantage was closer to 1 year and was not statistically significant. The bias in Redelmeier and Singh's study is not limited to longevity comparisons of persons who reach different ranks within their profession."

Winners and nominees

Following the Academy's practice, the films below are listed by year of their Los Angeles qualifying run, which is usually (but not always) the film's year of release. For example, the Oscar for Best Actor of 1999 was announced during the award ceremony held in 2000. Winners are listed first in bold, followed by the other nominees.

For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Academy Awards presented on April 3, 1930, recognized films that were released between August 1, 1928 and July 31, 1929. Starting with the 7th Academy Awards, held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.

1920s

Year	Actor	Film	Role
rowspan=5 style="text-align:center">1927/28(1st)'''
		Gen. Dolgorucki / Grand Duke Sergius Alexander
	August Schilling
		Nickie Elkins
''The Patent Leather Kid''	Patent Leather Kid
1929 in film	1928/29(2nd)'''
	Warner Baxter	''In Old Arizona''	The Cisco Kid
			Thunderbolt Jim Lang
	Chester Morris		Chick Williams (No. 1065)
	Paul Muni		James Dyke
	Lewis Stone		Count Pahlen

1930s

Year	Actor	Film	Role
rowspan=9 style="text-align:center">1929/30(3rd)'''
George Arliss		Benjamin Disraeli
George Arliss		The Raja of Rukh
Wallace Beery		'Machine Gun' Butch Schmidt
Maurice Chevalier	''The Big Pond''	Pierre Mirande
Maurice Chevalier	''The Love Parade''	Count Alfred Renard
Ronald Colman
Ronald Colman		Michel
Lawrence Tibbett	''The Rogue Song''	Yegor
1931 in film	1930/31<	(4th)'''
	Lionel Barrymore	''A Free Soul''	Stephen Ashe
	Adolphe Menjou		Walter Burns
	Jackie Cooper		Skippy Skinner
	Richard Dix		Yancey Cravat
	Fredric March	''The Royal Family of Broadway''	Tony Cavendish
rowspan=4 style="text-align:center">1931/32(5th)'''
Wallace Beery(tie)	''The Champ''	Andy "Champ" Purcell
Fredric March(tie)		Dr. Henry L. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde
Alfred Lunt	''The Guardsman''	The Actor
1933 in film	1932/33<	(6th)'''
	Charles Laughton	''The Private Life of Henry VIII''
			Peter Standish
	Paul Muni	''I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang''	James Allen
rowspan=4 style="text-align:center">1934(7th)'''
Clark Gable	''It Happened One Night''	Peter Warne
Frank Morgan	''The Affairs of Cellini''
William Powell
1935 in film	1935<	(8th)'''
	Victor McLaglen		Gypo Nolan
	Clark Gable		Fletcher Christian
	Charles Laughton		William Bligh
	Paul Muni		Joe Radek
	Franchot Tone		Roger Byam
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1936(9th)'''
Paul Muni	''The Story of Louis Pasteur''	Louis Pasteur
Gary Cooper	''Mr. Deeds Goes to Town''	Longfellow Deeds
Walter Huston		Sam Dodsworth
William Powell	''My Man Godfrey''	Godfrey Park
Spencer Tracy		Father Tim Mullin
1937 in film	1937<	(10th)'''
	Spencer Tracy		Manuel
	Charles Boyer
	Fredric March		Norman Maine
			Danny
	Paul Muni	''The Life of Emile Zola''	Émile Zola
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1938(11th)'''
Spencer Tracy
Charles Boyer		Pepe le Moko
James Cagney	''Angels with Dirty Faces''	Rocky Sullivan
Robert Donat		Dr. Andrew Manson
		Professor Henry Higgins
1939 in film	1939(12th)'''
	Robert Donat		Arthur Chipping
	Clark Gable		Rhett Butler
	Laurence Olivier
	Mickey Rooney		Mickey Moran
		''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington''	Jefferson Smith

1940s

Year	Actor	Film	Role(s)
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1940(13th)'''
		Macaulay Connor
Charlie Chaplin	''The Great Dictator''	Adenoid Hynkel (Dictator of Tomania)<	A Jewish Barber
Henry Fonda		Tom Joad
Raymond Massey		Abraham Lincoln
Laurence Olivier		'Maxim' de Winter
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1941(14th)'''
Gary Cooper	''Sergeant York''	Alvin C. York
Cary Grant	''Penny Serenade''	Roger Adams
Walter Huston		Mr. Scratch
	''Here Comes Mr. Jordan''	Joe Pendleton
Orson Welles	''Citizen Kane''	Charles Foster Kane
1942 in film	1942<	(15th)'''
	James Cagney	''Yankee Doodle Dandy''	George M. Cohan
	Ronald Colman		Charles Rainier
	Gary Cooper	''The Pride of the Yankees''	Lou Gehrig
	Walter Pidgeon		Clem Miniver
	Monty Woolley		Howard
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1943(16th)'''
Paul Lukas	''Watch on the Rhine''	Kurt Muller
Humphrey Bogart		Rick Blaine
Gary Cooper		Robert Jordan
Walter Pidgeon		Pierre Curie
Mickey Rooney		Homer Macauley
1944 in film	1944<	(17th)'''
	Bing Crosby	''Going My Way''	Father Chuck O'Malley
	Charles Boyer		Gregory Anton
	Barry Fitzgerald	''Going My Way''	Father Fitzgibbon
	Cary Grant		Ernie Mott
	Alexander Knox		Woodrow Wilson
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1945(18th)'''
Ray Milland		Don Birnam
Bing Crosby	''The Bells of St. Mary's''	Father Chuck O'Malley
Gene Kelly		Joseph Brady
Gregory Peck		Father Francis
Cornel Wilde	''A Song to Remember''	Frédéric Chopin
1946 in film	1946<	(19th)'''
	Fredric March	''The Best Years of Our Lives''	Al Stephenson
	Laurence Olivier
	Larry Parks	''The Jolson Story''	Al Jolson
	Gregory Peck		Ezra 'Penny' Baxter
		''It's a Wonderful Life''
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1947(20th)'''
Ronald Colman	''A Double Life''	Anthony John
John Garfield		Charlie Davis
Gregory Peck	''Gentleman's Agreement''	Philip Schuyler Green
William Powell		Clarence Day, Sr.
Michael Redgrave		Orin Mannon
1948 in film	1948<	(21st)'''
	Laurence Olivier
	Lew Ayres		Dr. Robert Richardson
	Montgomery Clift	''The Search''	Ralph 'Steve' Stevenson
	Dan Dailey	''When My Baby Smiles at Me''	'Skid' Johnson
	Clifton Webb
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1949(22nd)'''
Broderick Crawford
Kirk Douglas		Michael 'Midge' Kelly
Gregory Peck	''Twelve O'Clock High''	General Savage
Richard Todd	''The Hasty Heart''	Cpl. Lachlan 'Lachie' MacLachlan
John Wayne	''Sands of Iwo Jima''	Sgt. John M. Stryker

1950s

Year	Actor	Film	Role(s)
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1950(23rd)'''
José Ferrer		Cyrano de Bergerac
Louis Calhern
William Holden		Joe Gillis
		Elwood P. Dowd
Spencer Tracy		Stanley T. Banks
1951 in film	1951<	(24th)'''
	Humphrey Bogart		Charlie Allnut
	Marlon Brando		Stanley Kowalski
	Montgomery Clift		George Eastman
		''Bright Victory''	Larry Nevins
	Fredric March	''Death of a Salesman''	Willy Loman
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1952(25th)'''
Gary Cooper	''High Noon''
Marlon Brando	''Viva Zapata	''	Emiliano Zapata
Kirk Douglas	''The Bad and the Beautiful''	Jonathan Shields
José Ferrer		Henri de Toulouse-LautrecThe Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec
Alec Guinness	''The Lavender Hill Mob''	Henry Holland
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1953(26th)'''
William Holden	''Stalag 17''	Sgt. J.J. Sefton
Marlon Brando		Mark Antony
Richard Burton		Marcellus Gallio
Montgomery Clift	''From Here to Eternity''	Pvt. Robert E. Lee 'Prew' Prewitt
Burt Lancaster	''From Here to Eternity''	1st Sgt. Milton Warden
1954 in film	1954<	(27th)'''
	Marlon Brando	''On the Waterfront''	Terry Malloy
	Humphrey Bogart
	Bing Crosby		Frank Elgin
	James Mason		Norman Maine
	Dan O'Herlihy	''Adventures of Robinson Crusoe''	Robinson Crusoe
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1955(28th)'''
Ernest Borgnine		Marty Piletti
James Cagney		Martin Snyder
		Cal Trask
Frank Sinatra	''The Man with the Golden Arm''	Frankie Machine
Spencer Tracy	''Bad Day at Black Rock''	John J. Macreedy
1956 in film	1956<	(29th)'''
	Yul Brynner
			Jett Rink
	Kirk Douglas		Vincent van Gogh
	Rock Hudson		Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr.
	Laurence Olivier
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1957(30th)'''
Alec Guinness	''The Bridge on the River Kwai''	Colonel Nicholson
Marlon Brando	''Sayonara''	Maj. Lloyd 'Ace' Gruver - USAF
Anthony Franciosa	''A Hatful of Rain''	Polo Pope
Charles Laughton		Sir Wilfrid Robarts
Anthony Quinn	''Wild Is the Wind''	Gino
1958 in film	1958<	(31st)'''
	David Niven		Major Angus Pollock
	Tony Curtis	''The Defiant Ones''	John 'Joker' Jackson
	Paul Newman		Brick Pollitt
	Sidney Poitier	''The Defiant Ones''	Noah Cullen
	Spencer Tracy		The Old Man
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1959(32nd)'''
Charlton Heston		Judah Ben-Hur
Laurence Harvey		Joe Lampton
Jack Lemmon	''Some Like It Hot''	Jerry
Paul Muni	''The Last Angry Man''	Dr. Sam Abelman
	''Anatomy of a Murder''	Paul Biegler

1960s

Year	Actor	Film	Role(s)
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1960(33rd)'''
Burt Lancaster		Elmer Gantry
Trevor Howard		Walter Morel
Jack Lemmon	''The Apartment''	C. C. 'Bud' Baxter
Laurence Olivier		Archie Rice
Spencer Tracy		Henry Drummond
1961 in film	1961<	(34th)'''
	Maximilian Schell	''Judgment at Nuremberg''	Hans Rolfe
	Charles Boyer		Cesar
	Paul Newman		Eddie Felson
	Spencer Tracy	''Judgment at Nuremberg''	Chief Judge Dan Haywood
	Stuart Whitman		Jim Fuller
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1962(35th)'''
Gregory Peck		Atticus Finch
Burt Lancaster
Jack Lemmon		Joe Clay
Marcello Mastroianni	''Divorce, Italian Style''	Ferdinando Cefalù
Peter O'Toole		T. E. Lawrence
1963 in film	1963<	(36th)'''
	Sidney Poitier		Homer Smith
	Albert Finney		Tom Jones
	Richard Harris	''This Sporting Life''	Frank Machin
	Rex Harrison		Julius Caesar
	Paul Newman		Hud Bannon
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1964(37th)'''
Rex Harrison		Professor Henry Higgins
Richard Burton		Thomas Becket
Peter O'Toole
Anthony Quinn		Alexis Zorba
Peter Sellers	''Dr. Strangelove''	Group Captain Lionel Mandrake<	President Merkin MuffleyDr. Strangelove
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1965(38th)'''
Lee Marvin	''Cat Ballou''	Kid Shelleen<	Tim Strawn
Richard Burton		Alec Leamas
Laurence Olivier
Rod Steiger		Sol Nazerman
Oskar Werner		Willie Schumann
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1966(39th)'''
Paul Scofield
Alan Arkin	''The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming''	Lt. Rozanov
Richard Burton		George
Michael Caine		Alfie Elkins
Steve McQueen		Jake Holman
1967 in film	1967<	(40th)'''
	Rod Steiger		Police Chief Bill Gillespie
	Warren Beatty
	Dustin Hoffman	''The Graduate''	Benjamin Braddock
	Paul Newman	''Cool Hand Luke''	Luke Jackson
		''Guess Who's Coming to Dinner''	Matt Drayton
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1968(41st)'''
Cliff Robertson	''Charly''	Charly Gordon
Alan Arkin		John Singer
Alan Bates		Yakov Bok
Ron Moody		Fagin
Peter O'Toole
1969 in film	1969(42nd)'''
	John Wayne
	Richard Burton	''Anne of the Thousand Days''
	Dustin Hoffman	''Midnight Cowboy''	Enrico Salvatore 'Ratso' Rizzo
	Peter O'Toole		Arthur Chipping
	Jon Voight	''Midnight Cowboy''	Joe Buck

1970s

Year	Actor	Film	Role
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1970(43rd)'''
George C. Scott (declined)
Melvyn Douglas	''I Never Sang for My Father''	Tom Garrison
James Earl Jones
Jack Nicholson	''Five Easy Pieces''	Robert Eroica Dupea
Ryan O'Neal		Oliver Barrett IV
1971 in film	1971<	(44th)'''
	Gene Hackman		Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle
	Peter Finch		Doctor Daniel Hirsh
	Walter Matthau	''Kotch''	Joseph P. Kotcher
	George C. Scott	''The Hospital''	Doctor Herbert Bock
			Tevye
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1972(45th)'''
Marlon Brando (declined)	''The Godfather''	Vito Corleone
Michael Caine		Milo Tindle
Laurence Olivier		Andrew Wyke
Peter O'Toole	''The Ruling Class''
Paul Winfield		Nathan Lee Morgan
1973 in film	1973<	(46th)'''
	Jack Lemmon	''Save the Tiger''	Harry Stoner
	Marlon Brando	''Last Tango in Paris''	Paul
	Jack Nicholson	''The Last Detail''	Buddusky
	Al Pacino	''Serpico''	Frank Serpico
	Robert Redford	''The Sting''	Johnny Hooker
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1974(47th)'''
Art Carney	''Harry and Tonto''	Harry Coombes
Albert Finney		Hercule Poirot
Dustin Hoffman		Lenny Bruce
Jack Nicholson		Jake 'J.J.' Gittes
Al Pacino	''The Godfather Part II''	Michael Corleone
1975 in film	1975<	(48th)'''
	Jack Nicholson
	Walter Matthau		Willy Clark
	Al Pacino	''Dog Day Afternoon''
	Maximilian Schell	''The Man in the Glass Booth''	Arthur Goldman
	James Whitmore	''Give 'em Hell, Harry!''	Harry S. Truman
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1976(49th)'''
		Howard Beale
Robert De Niro	''Taxi Driver''	Travis Bickle
Giancarlo Giannini	''Seven Beauties''	Pasqualino Frafuso
William Holden		Max Schumacher
Sylvester Stallone	''Rocky''	Rocky Balboa
1977 in film	1977<	(50th)'''
	Richard Dreyfuss	''The Goodbye Girl''	Elliot Garfield
	Woody Allen	''Annie Hall''	Alvy Singer
	Richard Burton		Martin Dysart
	Marcello Mastroianni	''A Special Day''	Gabriele
	John Travolta	''Saturday Night Fever''	Tony Manero
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1978(51st)'''
Jon Voight		Luke Martin
Warren Beatty		Joe Pendleton
Gary Busey	''The Buddy Holly Story''	Buddy Holly
Robert De Niro	''The Deer Hunter''	Michael Vronsky
Laurence Olivier		Ezra Lieberman
1979 in film	1979(52nd)'''
	Dustin Hoffman	''Kramer vs. Kramer''	Ted Kramer
	Jack Lemmon	''The China Syndrome''	Jack Godell
	Al Pacino		Arthur Kirkland
	Roy Scheider	''All That Jazz''	Joe Gideon
	Peter Sellers	''Being There''	Chance

1980s

Year	Actor	Film	Role
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1980(53rd)'''
Robert De Niro	''Raging Bull''	Jake LaMotta
Robert Duvall	''The Great Santini''	Lieutenant Colonel Bull Meechum
John Hurt
Jack Lemmon		Scottie Templeton
Peter O'Toole	''The Stunt Man''	Eli Cross
1981 in film	1981<	(54th)'''
	Henry Fonda		Norman Thayer
	Warren Beatty
	Burt Lancaster		Lou Pascal
	Dudley Moore		Arthur Bach
	Paul Newman	''Absence of Malice''	Michael Colin Gallagher
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1982(55th)'''
Ben Kingsley		Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Dustin Hoffman	''Tootsie''	Michael Dorsey / Dorothy Michaels
Jack Lemmon		Ed Horman
Paul Newman	''The Verdict''	Frank Galvin
Peter O'Toole	''My Favorite Year''	Alan Swann
1983 in film	1983<	(56th)'''
	Robert Duvall	''Tender Mercies''	Mac Sledge
	Michael Caine		Dr. Frank Bryant
	Tom Conti	''Reuben, Reuben''	Gowan McGland
	Tom Courtenay	''The Dresser''	Norman
	Albert Finney	''The Dresser''	Sir
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1984(57th)'''
F. Murray Abraham		Antonio Salieri
Jeff Bridges		Starman
Albert Finney		Geoffrey Firmin
Tom Hulce		Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Sam Waterston		Sydney Schanberg
1985 in film	1985<	(58th)'''
	William Hurt		Luis Molina
	Harrison Ford		Detective Captain John Book
	James Garner	''Murphy's Romance''	Murphy Jones
	Jack Nicholson	''Prizzi's Honor''	Charley Partanna
	Jon Voight		Oscar 'Manny' Manheim
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1986(59th)'''
Paul Newman	''The Color of Money''	Fast Eddie Felson
Dexter Gordon		Dale Turner
Bob Hoskins		George
William Hurt	''Children of a Lesser God''	James Leeds
James Woods		Richard Boyle
1987 in film	1987<	(60th)'''
	Michael Douglas		Gordon Gekko
	William Hurt		Tom Grunick
	Marcello Mastroianni		Romano
	Jack Nicholson
	Robin Williams	''Good Morning, Vietnam''	Adrian Cronauer
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1988(61st)'''
Dustin Hoffman	''Rain Man''	Raymond Babbitt
Gene Hackman	''Mississippi Burning''	Agent Rupert Anderson
Tom Hanks	''Big''	Josh Baskin
Edward James Olmos	''Stand and Deliver''	Jaime Escalante
Max von Sydow	''Pelle the Conqueror''	Lassefar
1989 in film	1989(62nd)'''
	Daniel Day-Lewis		Christy Brown
	Kenneth Branagh
	Tom Cruise		Ron Kovic
	Morgan Freeman	''Driving Miss Daisy''	Hoke Colburn
	Robin Williams	''Dead Poets Society''	John Keating

1990s

Year	Actor	Film	Role
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1990(63rd)'''
Jeremy Irons	''Reversal of Fortune''	Claus von Bülow
Kevin Costner	''Dances with Wolves''	Lieutenant John J. Dunbar
Robert De Niro	''Awakenings''	Leonard Lowe
Gérard Depardieu		Cyrano de Bergerac
Richard Harris	''The Field''	'Bull' McCabe
1991 in film	1991<	(64th)'''
	Anthony Hopkins		Hannibal Lecter
	Warren Beatty	''Bugsy''	Bugsy Siegel
	Robert De Niro		Max Cady
	Nick Nolte	''The Prince of Tides''	Tom Wingo
	Robin Williams		Parry
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1992(65th)'''
Al Pacino	''Scent of a Woman''	Lieutenant Colonel Frank Slade
Robert Downey, Jr.		Charlie Chaplin
Clint Eastwood	''Unforgiven''	William 'Bill' Munny
Stephen Rea	''The Crying Game''	Fergus
Denzel Washington		Malcolm X
1993 in film	1993<	(66th)'''
	Tom Hanks		Andrew Beckett
	Daniel Day-Lewis		Gerry Conlon
	Laurence Fishburne		Ike Turner
	Anthony Hopkins		James Stevens
	Liam Neeson	''Schindler's List''	Oskar Schindler
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1994(67th)'''
Tom Hanks	''Forrest Gump''
Morgan Freeman	''The Shawshank Redemption''	Ellis Boyd 'Red' Redding
Nigel Hawthorne	''The Madness of King George''
Paul Newman		Sully Sullivan
John Travolta		Vincent Vega
1995 in film	1995<	(68th)'''
	Nicolas Cage	''Leaving Las Vegas''	Ben Sanderson
	Richard Dreyfuss	''Mr. Holland's Opus''	Glenn Holland
	Anthony Hopkins		Richard Nixon
	Sean Penn		Matthew Poncelet
		''Il Postino''	Mario Ruoppolo
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1996(69th)'''
Geoffrey Rush		David Helfgott
Tom Cruise	''Jerry Maguire''	Jerry Maguire
Ralph Fiennes
Woody Harrelson	''The People vs. Larry Flynt''	Larry Flynt
Billy Bob Thornton	''Sling Blade''	Karl Childers
1997 in film	1997<	(70th)'''
	Jack Nicholson	''As Good as It Gets''	Melvin Udall
	Matt Damon	''Good Will Hunting''	Will Hunting
	Robert Duvall	''The Apostle''	Euliss 'Sonny' Dewey - The Apostle E.F.
	Peter Fonda	''Ulee's Gold''	Ulee Jackson
	Dustin Hoffman	''Wag the Dog''	Stanley Motss
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">1998(71st)'''
Roberto Benigni	''Life Is Beautiful''	Guido Orefice
Tom Hanks	''Saving Private Ryan''	Captain John Miller
Ian McKellen	''Gods and Monsters''	James Whale
Nick Nolte		Wade Whitehouse
Edward Norton	''American History X''	Derek Vinyard
1999 in film	1999(72nd)'''
	Kevin Spacey		Lester Burnham
	Russell Crowe		Jeffrey Wigand
	Richard Farnsworth	''The Straight Story''	Alvin Straight
	Sean Penn	''Sweet and Lowdown''	Emmet Ray
	Denzel Washington

2000s

Year	Actor	Film	Role(s)
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2000(73rd)'''
Russell Crowe		Maximus Decimus Meridius
Javier Bardem		Reinaldo Arenas
Tom Hanks	''Cast Away''	Chuck Noland
Ed Harris		Jackson Pollock
Geoffrey Rush	''Quills''
2001 in film	2001<	(74th)'''
	Denzel Washington	''Training Day''	Alonzo Harris
	Russell Crowe		John Forbes Nash, Jr.
	Sean Penn	''I Am Sam''	Sam Dawson
	Will Smith		Muhammad Ali
	Tom Wilkinson	''In the Bedroom''	Dr. Matthew Fowler
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2002(75th)'''
Adrien Brody		Władysław Szpilman
Nicolas Cage		Charlie Kaufman<	Donald Kaufman
Michael Caine		Thomas Fowler
Daniel Day-Lewis	''Gangs of New York''
Jack Nicholson	''About Schmidt''	Warren R. Schmidt
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2003(76th)'''
Sean Penn		Jimmy Markum
Johnny Depp	''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl''	Captain Jack Sparrow
Ben Kingsley		Behrani
Jude Law		Inman
Bill Murray		Bob Harris
2004 in film	2004<	(77th)'''
	Jamie Foxx		Ray Charles
	Don Cheadle	''Hotel Rwanda''	Paul Rusesabagina
	Johnny Depp	''Finding Neverland''
	Leonardo DiCaprio		Howard Hughes
	Clint Eastwood	''Million Dollar Baby''	Frankie Dunn
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2005(78th)'''
Philip Seymour Hoffman		Truman Capote
Terrence Howard	''Hustle & Flow''	Djay
Heath Ledger	''Brokeback Mountain''	Ennis Del Mar
Joaquin Phoenix	''Walk the Line''	Johnny Cash
David Strathairn	''Good Night, and Good Luck''	Edward R. Murrow
2006 in film	2006<	(79th)'''
	Forest Whitaker		Idi Amin
	Leonardo DiCaprio		Danny Archer
	Ryan Gosling		Dan Dunne
	Peter O'Toole		Maurice
	Will Smith	''The Pursuit of Happyness''	Chris Gardner
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2007(80th)'''
Daniel Day-Lewis	''There Will Be Blood''	Daniel Plainview
George Clooney		Michael Clayton
Johnny Depp		Sweeney Todd
Tommy Lee Jones	''In the Valley of Elah''	Hank Deerfield
Viggo Mortensen	''Eastern Promises''	Nikolai Luzhin
2008 in film	2008<	(81st)'''
	Sean Penn		Harvey Milk
	Richard Jenkins		Walter Vale
	Frank Langella		Richard Nixon
	Brad Pitt		Benjamin Button
	Mickey Rourke
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2009(82nd)'''
Jeff Bridges	''Crazy Heart''	Bad Blake
George Clooney		Ryan Bingham
Colin Firth		George Falconer
Morgan Freeman		Nelson Mandela
Jeremy Renner	''The Hurt Locker''	SFC William James

2010s

Year	Actor	Film	Role(s)
rowspan=6 style="text-align:center">2010(83rd)'''
Colin Firth	''The King's Speech''
Javier Bardem	''Biutiful''	Uxbal
Jeff Bridges
Jesse Eisenberg	''The Social Network''	Mark Zuckerberg
James Franco	''127 Hours''	Aron Ralston

International presence

There is significant international presence at the awards, as evidenced by the following list of winners for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Australia: Peter Finch (who was born in England), Geoffrey Rush

Austria: Paul Muni, Maximilian Schell

The Bahamas: Sidney Poitier

Germany: Emil Jannings

Hungary: Paul Lukas

Ireland: Daniel Day-Lewis (Day-Lewis is English, but holds dual citizenship of Ireland and the United Kingdom.)

Italy: Roberto Benigni

New Zealand: Russell Crowe (Born in New Zealand, now an Australian Citizen)

Puerto Rico: José Ferrer

Russia: Yul Brynner

United Kingdom: George Arliss, Ronald Colman, Laurence Olivier, Robert Donat, Colin Firth, Alec Guinness, Rex Harrison, Anthony Hopkins, Jeremy Irons, Ben Kingsley, Charles Laughton, Victor McLaglen, Ray Milland, David Niven, Paul Scofield

There have been two years in which all four of the top acting Academy Awards were presented to non-Americans.

At the 37th Academy Awards (1964), the winners were Rex Harrison (British), Julie Andrews (British), Peter Ustinov (British), and Lila Kedrova (Russian-born French).

At the 80th Academy Awards (2007), the winners were Daniel Day-Lewis (British and Irish), Marion Cotillard (French), Javier Bardem (Spanish), and Tilda Swinton (British).

See also

List of Best Actor winners by age

List of actors nominated for Academy Awards for foreign language performances

List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year

List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories

List of actors who have won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe, a SAG, and a Critic's Choice Award for a single performance

References

External links

Oscars.org (official Academy site)

Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)

The Academy Awards Database (official site)

Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees

Photos of the Nominees for Best Actor from (People.com)

Category:Academy Awards Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Film awards for lead actor Category:Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award winning performance

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Name	Jean Dujardin
birthname	Jean Dujardin
birth date	June 19, 1972
birth place	Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France
occupation	Actor
yearsactive	1996-present
spouse	Alexandra Lamy (2009-present)
children	2 from a previous relationship : Simon (2000) and Jules (2001).
signature	}}

Jean Dujardin (born 19 June 1972) is a French actor and comedian. He has worked notably with director Michel Hazanavicius, starring in his OSS 117 spy parodies. His starring role in Hazanavicius' silent movie ''The Artist'', playing actor George Valentin, received widespread acclaim. The role won him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, the Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award, and the Academy Award for Best Actor. He is the first French actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Early life

Dujardin was born and raised in Rueil-Malmaison (Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France), a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. After attending high school, he went to work for his parents' construction company. Dujardin began contemplating a career in acting while serving his mandatory military service a few years later.

Career

Dujardin began his acting career performing a one-man show he wrote in various bars and cabarets in Paris. He first gained attention when he appeared on the French talent show ''Graines de star'' in 1996 as part of the comedy group ''Nous C Nous'', which was formed by members of the ''Carré blanc'' theater.

From 1999-2003, Dujardin starred in the France production of the originally Canadian comedy series ''Un gars, une fille'', alongside his future wife Alexandra Lamy, before transitioning to a career in film. The TV series charted the path of a relationship; each episode was less than ten minutes long. In 2005, he portrayed the titular surfer in the popular comedic film ''Brice de Nice'' and performed on its accompanying soundtrack.

In 2006, Dujardin starred as racist, sexist secret agent Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath in the comedy ''OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies'', a role which earned him an Etoile D'Or Award and a César Award nomination for Best Actor. The film's success spawned a sequel, ''OSS 117: Lost in Rio''. In 2007, directed by Jan Kounen, he starred in the film ''99F (99 francs)'', a very successful existential parody of an advertising exec, adapted from the eponymous best-seller written by Frédéric Beigbeder. This same year, he ventured in drama for the first time on the silver screen, playing a tortured father and cop in Franck Mancuso's ''Contre-enquête''. In 2009, he appeared in ''A Man and His Dog'' alongside screen legend Jean-Paul Belmondo, with whom he has often been compared. In 2010, he starred alongside Albert Dupontel, playing his character's cancer in ''The Clink of Ice'', a French black comedy written and directed by Bertrand Blier.

In 2011, Dujardin starred as movie star George Valentin in the silent film ''The Artist'', directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The film premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where he received the Best Actor Award. His performance garnered much critical acclaim and he received numerous nominations, including the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild for Best Actor. On January 15, 2012, Dujardin won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. On January 24, 2012, Dujardin received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He later went on to win the Screen Actors Guild for Best Actor, the BAFTA for Best Actor and the Academy Award for Best Actor. He was also nominated for the ''César award'' of the best actor but lost it to newcomer ''Omar Sy'' for his role in the most ever viewed movie in France ''Untouchables''. He has been described as France's answer to George Clooney.

In 2012, he will appear in ''Les Infidèles'' set to release in February in France. Dujardin's next project is a remake of Claude Berri's ''One Wild Moment'' (Un moment d'égarement) in which he will star opposite Vincent Cassel. Jean Dujardin is the fourth French actor to be nominated to an Oscar and the first to win one as the best actor.

Filmography

Film

! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
	''À l'abri des regards indiscrets''	Jean-Luc	Short film
	Weston the seller
	''Toutes les filles sont folles''	Lorenzi
''Bienvenue chez les Rozes''	Mathieu Gamelin/MG
''Les Clefs de bagnole''	Himself
	''Le Convoyeur''	Jacques
''Mariages !''	Alex
''Les Dalton''	Cowboy
''Rien de grave''	Pilotage instructor	Short film
	''La vie de Michel Muller est plus belle que la vôtre''	Michel Muller
''Brice de Nice''	Brice de Nice	Also co-writerNRJ Radio
''L'Amour aux trousses''	Franck
''Il ne faut jurer de rien !''	Valentin
	''[[OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies''		Étoile d'Or Award for Best ActorNominated—César Award for Best ActorNominated—Globe de Cristal for Best ActorNominated—NRJ Ciné Award for Actor of the YearNominated—NRJ Ciné Award for Best LookNominated—NRJ Ciné Award for Best KissNominated—NRJ Ciné Award for Best QuoteNominated—Raimu Award for Comedy
''Hellphone''	The warrior of the cellar
	''Contre-enquête''	Richard Malinowski
	Octave Parango	Raimu Award for ComedyNominated—Étoile d'Or Award for Best Actor
2008		Cash
	''A Man and His Dog''	The Worker
''OSS 117: Lost in Rio''	Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath/OSS 117	Nominated—Globe de Cristal for Best Actor
''Lucky Luke''	Lucky Luke
		Ludo
''The Clink of Ice''	Charles Faulque
''Un balcon sur la mer''	Marc	Swann d'Or for Best Actor
2011		George Valentin	Academy Award for Best ActorAACTA International Award for Best ActorBAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleCannes Film Festival Best Actor AwardGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyHollywood Film Festival Spotlight AwardIndependent Spirit Award for Best Male LeadLas Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorLondon Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the YearPhoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorSanta Barbara International Film Festival Cinema Vanguard AwardScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading RoleWomen Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screen Couple (with Bérénice Bejo)Pending—Chlotrudis Award for Best ActorPending—Chlotrudis Award for Best CastNominated—Alliance of Women Film Journalists EDA Award for Best ActorNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Central Ohio Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—César Award for Best ActorNominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor (runner-up)Nominated—Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated—European Film Award for Best ActorNominated—Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated—National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor (second runner-up)Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActorNominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated—San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best ActorNominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion PictureNominated—St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Utah Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor (runner-up)Nominated—Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActorNominated—Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best ActorNominated—Women Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
2012	''Les Infidèles''		Co-writer and co-director

Television

! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1996-1999	''Carré Blanc / Nous C Nous''	Various
1997-1998	''Farce Attaque''	Himself	Also co-writer
1999-2003	''Un gars, une fille''	Jean	Lead role opposite later lover and wife Alexandra Lamy
2007	''Palizzi''		Also creator and director
2012			Appeared in the "Les jeunes de Paris" sketch

Music video

2005 : "Le Casse de Brice" (directed by J.G. Biggs)

References

External links

Oscar contender Dujardin in ad campaign controversy over new film on RFI English

Category:1972 births Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:French actors Category:French comedians Category:French film directors Category:French film producers Category:Living people Category:People from Hauts-de-Seine

be:Жан Дзюжардэн bg:Жан Дюжарден ca:Jean Dujardin cy:Jean Dujardin da:Jean Dujardin de:Jean Dujardin el:Ζαν Ντιζαρντέν es:Jean Dujardin eo:Jean Dujardin fa:ژان دوژاردن fr:Jean Dujardin hy:Ժան Դյուժարդեն it:Jean Dujardin he:ז'אן דוז'רדן lv:Žans Dižardēns lb:Jean Dujardin hu:Jean Dujardin ja:ジャン・デュジャルダン no:Jean Dujardin pl:Jean Dujardin pt:Jean Dujardin ru:Дюжарден, Жан sr:Жан Дижарден sh:Jean Dujardin fi:Jean Dujardin sv:Jean Dujardin th:ฌ็อง ดูว์ฌาร์แด็ง tr:Jean Dujardin uk:Жан Дюжарден zh:让·杜雅尔丹

}} Stephen Harris Holt (born 1974 in Darwin, Northern Territory) is a former field hockey defender and midfielder from Australia, who was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

He was nicknamed ''Shaggy'' by his team mates. Holt was first selected to play for Australia as one of the 'new bloods' to compete in the 1996 Champions Trophy in Madras.

References

Profile on Hockey Australia

Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Australian field hockey players Category:Olympic field hockey players of Australia Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Category:Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:People from Darwin, Northern Territory Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey