Sunrise is the instant at which the upper edge of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. Sunrise should not be confused with dawn, which is the (variously defined) point at which the sky begins to lighten, some time before the sun itself appears, ending twilight. Because atmospheric refraction causes the sun to be seen while it is still below the horizon, both sunrise and sunset are, from one point of view, optical illusions. The sun also exhibits an optical illusion at sunrise similar to the moon illusion.

The apparent westward revolution of Sun around the earth after rising out of the horizon is due to the Earth's eastward rotation, a counter-clockwise revolution when viewed from above the North Pole. This illusion is so convincing that most cultures had mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model. This same effect can be seen with near-polar satellites as well.

Sunrise and sunset are calculated from the leading and trailing edges of the Sun, and not the center; this slightly increases the duration of "day" relative to "night". The sunrise equation, however, is based on the center of the sun.

The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's longitude and latitude, altitude and time zone. Small daily changes and noticeable semi-annual changes in the timing of sunrises are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the earth and moon's paired revolutions around each other. In the summertime, the days get longer and sunrises occur earlier every day until the day of the earliest sunrise, which occurs before the summer solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, the earliest sunrise does not fall on the summer solstice around June 21, but occurs earlier in June. The precise date of the earliest sunrise depends on the viewer's latitude (connected with the slower Earth's movement around the aphelion around July 4). Similarly, the latest sunrise does not occur on the winter solstice, but rather about two weeks later, again depending on the viewer's latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere the latest sunrise occurs in early January (influence from the Earth's faster movement near the perihelion which occurs around January 3). Likewise, the same phenomena exist in the Southern Hemisphere except with the respective dates reversed, with the latest sunrises occurring some time after June 21 in winter and earliest sunrises occurring some time before December 21 in summer, again depending on one's southern latitude. For one or two weeks surrounding both solstices, both sunrise and sunset get slightly later or earlier each day. Even on the equator, sunrise and sunset shift several minutes back and forth through the year, along with solar noon. These effects are plotted by an analemma.

Due to Earth's axial tilt, whenever and wherever sunrise occurs, it is always in the northeast quadrant from the March equinox to the September equinox and in the southeast quadrant from the September equinox to the March equinox. Sunrises occur due east on the March and September equinoxes for all viewers on Earth.

Colors

Incident solar white light traveling through the Earth's atmosphere is attenuated by scattering and absorption by air molecules and airborne particles via a combination of Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering. At sunset and sunrise, sunlight's path through the atmosphere is much longer than during the daytime, which creates different colors. At sunrise and sunset there is more attenuation and light scattering by air molecules that remove violets, blues and greens, relatively enhancing reds and oranges. Because the shorter wavelength light of violets, blues and greens scatter more strongly by Rayleigh Scattering, violets, blues and greens are removed almost completely from the incident beam, leaving mostly only longer wavelength orange and red hues at sunrise and sunset, which are further scattered by Mie scattering across the horizon to produce intense reds and oranges when there are soot, dust, or solid or liquid aerosols in the atmosphere. The removal of the shorter wavelengths of light is due to Rayleigh scattering by air molecules and small particles of sizes an order of magnitude smaller that the wavelength of visible light (typically particles and molecules smaller than 50 nm). The sun is actually white when observed without any air between the viewer and the sun, so, sunlight in outer space contains a mixture of violets, blues, greens, yellows, oranges and reds. Due to Rayleigh scattering, the sun appears reddish or yellowish when we look at it from earth, since the longer wavelengths of reds and yellow light are scattered the least, passing through the air to the viewer, while shorter wavelengths like violet, blue, and green light are effectively removed from direct sunlight by air molecules' Rayleigh scattering.

Rayleigh scattering is the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation due to the polarizability of the electron cloud in molecules and particles much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Rayleigh scattering intensity is fairly omnidirectional and has a strong reciprocal 4th-power wavelength dependency and, thus, the shorter wavelengths of violet and blue light are affected much more than the longer wavelengths of yellow to red light. During the day, this scattering results in the increasingly intense blue color of the sky away from the direct line of sight to the Sun, while during sunrise and sunset, the much longer path length through the atmosphere results in the complete removal of violet, blue and green light from the incident rays, leaving weak intensities of orange to red light. After Rayleigh scattering has removed the violets, blues, and greens, people's viewing of red and orange colors of sunsets and sunrises is then enhanced by the presence of particulate matter, dust, soot, water droplets (like clouds), or other aerosols in the atmosphere, (notably sulfuric acid droplets from volcanic eruptions). Particles much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light efficiently enhance the blue colors for off-axis short path lengths through air (resulting in blue skies, since Rayleigh scattering intensity increases as the sixth power of the particle diameter). Larger particles as aerosols, however, with sizes comparable to and longer than the wavelength of light, scatter by mechanisms treated, for spherical shapes, by the Mie theory. Mie scattering is largely wavelength insensitive. Its spacial distribution is highly preferential in the forward direction of the incident light being scattered, thus having its largest effect when an observer views the light in the direction of the rising or setting Sun, rather than looking in other directions. During the daytime, Mie Scattering generally causes a diffuse white halo around the Sun decreasing the perception of blue color in the direction toward the Sun and it causes daytime clouds to appear white due to white sunlight. At sunset and sunrise, Mie scattering off of particles and aerosols across the horizon, then transmits the red and orange wavelengths that remain after Rayleigh scattering has depleted the blue light. This explains why sunsets without soot, dust, or aerosols are dull and fairly faint red, while sunsets and sunrises are brilliantly intense when there are lots of soot, dust, or other aerosols in the air.

Sunset colors are typically more brilliant than sunrise colors, because the evening air contains generally more particles and aerosols and clouds than morning air. Cloud droplets are much larger than the wavelength of light; so they scatter all colors equally by Mie scattering, which makes them appear white when illuminated by white sunlight during the daytime. The clouds glow orange and red due to Mie scattering during sunsets and sunrises, because they are illuminated with the orange and red light that remains after multiple prior Rayleigh scattering events of the light from the setting/rising sun.

Ash from volcanic eruptions, trapped within the troposphere, tends to mute sunset and sunrise colors, while volcanic ejecta that is instead lofted into the stratosphere (as thin clouds of tiny sulfuric acid droplets), can yield beautiful post-sunset colors called afterglows and pre-sunrise glows. A number of eruptions, including those of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and Krakatoa in 1883, have produced sufficiently high stratospheric sulfuric acid clouds to yield remarkable sunset afterglows (and pre-sunrise glows) around the world. The high altitude clouds serve to reflect strongly-reddened sunlight still striking the stratosphere after sunset, down to the surface.

Sometimes just before sunrise or after sunset a green flash can be seen.

See also

Dawn

Dusk

Day

Day length

Daybreak

Earth's shadow, visible at sunrise

False sunrise

Noon

Sunrise equation

Sunset

Twilight

References

External links

Sunrise Sunset Moonrise Moonset Calculation , utilizing Google Maps.

Rise/Set Calculator. Find sun position for any time/location.

Sunrise and sunset calculator

SunRise_SunSet calculator

Sun or Moon Rise/Set Table for one Year

US Navy Sunrise and Sunset calculator

Full physical explanation of sky color, in simple terms

An Excel workbook with VBA functions for sunrise, sunset, solar noon, twilight (dawn and dusk), and solar position (azimuth and elevation); by Greg Pelletier, translated from NOAA's online calculators for solar position and sunrise/sunset

Daily almanac including Sun rise/set/twillight for every location on Earth

Monthly calendar with Sun/Moon rise/set times for every location on Earth

A Video Of Sunrise

A very easy to use and visual sunrise and sunset calculator

Shows the hour and angle of sunrise, noon, and sunset drawn over a map.

Category:Solar phenomena Category:Earth phenomena Category:Symbols Category:Parts of a day

ar:شروق arc:ܕܢܚܐ ܕܫܡܫܐ ay:Qhantati bg:Изгрев ca:Ortus da:Solopgang de:Sonnenaufgang et:Päikesetõus es:Orto eu:Eguzki-irteera fa:طلوع fr:Lever de soleil ko:해돋이 id:Matahari terbit iu:ᐅᓪᓛᖅ/ullaaq it:Aurora (giorno) he:זריחה la:Sol oriens lv:Lēkts lt:Saulėtekis mr:सूर्योदय nl:Zonsopgang ja:天体の出没 no:Soloppgang nn:Solrenning pl:Świt pt:Nascer do Sol ro:Răsărit qu:Inti lluqsiy ru:Восход simple:Sunrise fi:Auringonnousu sv:Soluppgång tt:Кояш чыгу ur:طلوع vi:Mặt Trời mọc wo:Njël bat-smg:Saulietekis zh:日出

name	Donald Glover
Birthname	Donald McKinley Glover
birth date	September 25, 1983
birth place	Edwards Air Force Base, California
death date
othername	Childish Gambino, mc DJ
occupation	Actor, Writer, Comedian, Rapper, Producer
yearsactive	2002–present
website	http://www.iamdonald.com/ }}

Donald McKinley Glover (born September 25, 1983) is an American actor, writer, comedian, and musician. Glover first came to attention for his work in the sketch group Derrick Comedy, and is best known for his role as community college student Troy Barnes on the NBC comedy series ''Community''. Contrary to a persistent rumor, he is not related to actor Danny Glover.

Early life

Glover was born on September 25th, 1983 in Edwards Air Force Base, California, and raised in Stone Mountain, Georgia, attending Rockbridge Elementary School and DeKalb School of the Arts. In his Comedy Central special, Glover discussed growing up alongside foster children taken in by his parents. He graduated from New York University with a degree in Dramatic Writing in 2006.

Career

Glover is known for his work on the NBC show ''Community'' alongside Joel McHale and Chevy Chase. Glover was a writer for ''The Daily Show'' in 2005 and the NBC series ''30 Rock'' from 2008 to 2009, where he also had an occasional cameo appearance. He was presented the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Comedy Series at the February 2009 ceremony for his work on the third season of ''30 Rock''.

In 2008, rumors surfaced that Glover was to become a cast member of ''Saturday Night Live'' and that he would portray Presidential candidate Barack Obama. Glover refuted the SNL rumors on his Facebook profile: "Just to let people know. I was NOT asked to SNL. I just auditioned and there's been a rumor spreading around the web. Just trying to clear the air."

Glover's stand-up special aired on Comedy Central on March 19, 2010.

There was a campaign on Twitter, "#donald4spiderman", for Glover to be allowed to audition for the role of Peter Parker in the upcoming ''Spider-Man'' film. The campaign, originally started to see how far social networking could carry a message, quickly got a large following. The call for Glover to be allowed to audition for the role was supported by Spider-Man creator Stan Lee and ''Ultimate Spider-Man'' writer Brian Michael Bendis. Glover was not awarded an audition, and the role of Peter Parker instead went to Andrew Garfield. Glover later referenced the campaign in his song "Not Going Back", in which he rapped ''"Couldn't see me in ''Spider-Man'', but now I'm spitting venom."''

Coincidentally, before Glover's attempt to audition for Spider-Man, Bendis had created the half-black half-Hispanic character Miles Morales to take up the mantle of Spider-Man after the death of Peter Parker in Ultimate Comics Spider-Man #160. Later, Bendis said that seeing Glover dressed as Spider-Man on ''Community'' confirmed his decision to create the African-American hero.

In June 2010, it was announced that Glover would receive the Rising Comedy Star award at the Just for Laughs festival in July.

Glover was featured in Gap's 2010 Holiday ad campaign.

On March 16, 2011, Donald hosted the mtvU Woodie Awards held live at South By Southwest. On March 24, Donald taped his 1 hour special ''WEIRDO'' for Comedy Central. ''WEIRDO'' will air on Comedy Central on November 20.

Donald appeared at the 2011 Bonnaroo Music Festival on June 9 in the 'This Tent' as Childish Gambino and June 11 at 'The Comedy Theater' with Bill Bailey performing stand up. Comedy Central streamed the comedy live on their website.

Derrick Comedy and Other Projects

Glover is a member of the sketch comedy group Derrick Comedy, along with Dominic Dierkes, Meggie McFadden, DC Pierson, and Dan Eckman. Derrick's YouTube videos have gained the group nationwide attention and have contributed to Donald Glover's recognition, as well as his newfound success in the television business. The group wrote and starred in a feature-length film titled ''Mystery Team'' that was released in theaters in 2009.

Music

Donald Glover DJs and produces his own music under the moniker 'mcDJ'. His music is of the electronic/remix variety and is often made available for free download via his official site. His current album releases include ''Love Letter in an Unbreakable Bottle'' and ''Utterances of the Heart''.

Glover raps as Childish Gambino, a name he found from a Wu-Tang Clan name generator. He released an album entitled ''Sick Boi'' on June 5, 2008. On September 17, 2009, Childish Gambino released the album ''Poindexter''. A pair of mixtapes entitled ''I Am Just A Rapper'', and ''I Am Just A Rapper 2'' were released in close succession in early 2010. Robert Scahill added his producing expertise helping with the majority of the tracks. The track listings for those albums consist of the name of the song "he" raps, followed by the song he raps over. His latest and third album, ''Culdesac'', was set to be released on July 2, 2010, but a couple of last minute additions caused the album to be delayed for a day. The album was made available on July 3. Glover has stated in interviews that on ''Sick Boi'' and ''Poindexter'' he felt he had to hide behind gimmicks, such as pink hoodies, but with his subsequent projects, he has touched on more personal subject matter, including family, schoolyard bullying, troubled romantic relationships, suicidal thoughts and alcoholism. He has disowned his 2002 album, ''The Younger I Get'', as the too-raw ramblings of what he calls a "decrepit Drake."

On December 1, 2010, Glover released the first track off of his EP titled "Be Alone". He released the next track, "Freaks and Geeks", as well as a five-song track list, on February 11, 2011. On February 25, Donald released the dates for the IAMDONALD tour and also his very first music video for "Freaks and Geeks". The music video was shot by Dan Eckman, the director of the DerrickComedy troupe. On March 8, 2011 Donald released his newest EP via his official website.

On May 4, 2011, in a new interview with TheHipHopUpdate, Glover reveals that he's currently working on an LP, to be released in September.

Donald will perform in four different cities with the 2011 Rock the Bells tour.

During the weekend of the 2011 San Diego Comic Con, Donald performed with his band and his DJ, SoSuperSam, at the House of Blues in San Diego. Donald performed a new song from his LP and explained why he had not used Twitter or Tumblr in a while.

On July 25th 2011, Donald Glover announced the name of his new album will be entitled "Camp".

On August 20th 2011, at the Los Angeles Rock The Bells concert, he gave an interview to allhiphop.com, and announced to the crowd that he had signed with Glassnote Records. This means that his music will be published onto physical media for the first time including cds and vinyl.

Glover also refers to himself as Cheezy, Sir Durton Cloud 9, Ms. Long-Lady Stanhope, Bambini, and Bam-B.

IAMDONALD Tour

The dates for the IAMDONALD tour were released on February 25, 2011. The IAMDONALD tour made 23 stops in 33 days, beginning with Ames, IA on April 16, and finishing with Minneapolis, MN on May 19. In between, this included performances in music venues in cities such as Las Vegas, Houston, Washington, DC and his hometown of Atlanta,GA. The tour's shows in New York City at the Bowery Ballroom on May 10, and in Brooklyn at Williamsburg Music Hall on May 14, both sold out in three hours after tickets were released on March 4. While on the IAMDONALD tour, Glover interacted with his fans all across the United States.

Filmography

Title ''Late Night with Conan O'Brien'' ''Channel 101'' ''Jerry'' ''Mystery Team'' ''Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode III'' ''Our Deal'' ''The Muppets (film) ''The To Do List''

Filmography
Year	|	Role	Notes
2005 in film	2005	|	Criminal	1 episode
rowspan="6">2006 in film	2006	|	Various	TV Movie
''Keyboard Kid''	Jeffrey's Dad
''National Spelling Bee''	Judge
''Celebrity''	Cop
''Self Defense''	Mugger
''Girls Are Not to Be Trusted''	Kevin, Belanie
rowspan="3"	2007	|	Jerry	video short
''Emo Song''	Emo Singer (voice)
''Memory Loss''	Alan Mortimer
2009 in film	2009	|	Jason Rodgers
2010 in film	2010	|	Stormtrooper (voice), Scout Trooper (voice), Mace Windu (voice)	TV Movie
2011	|	Day Trotter	Music Video
2011 in film	2011	The Muppets'' ||		completed
2013 in film	2013	|	Adam	in production

Television

''Human Giant'' ''30 Rock'' ''Community (TV series) ''Woodie Awards''

Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
2007	''Bronx World Travelers''	Scoopy Brown
2007	|	College Webcam Guy	1 episode
2006-2008	|	Gay Kid, Producer, Young P.A.	cameo appearance>cameo'd in 3 episodes
2009–present	Community'' ||	Troy Barnes	Series regular
2011	|	Host

Discography

mc DJ :*''Love Letter in an Unbreakable Bottle'' :*''Utterances of the Heart'' :*''Fuck Yaselves'' :*''The Works'' :*''New Year’s Eve Mix'' :*''Illin-Noise''

Childish Gambino

:* ''Camp'' (September 2011) :* ''EP'' (2011) :* ''CULDESAC'' (2010) :* ''I Am Just a Rapper 2'' (2010) :* ''I Am Just a Rapper'' (2010) :* ''Poindexter'' (2009) :* ''Sick Boi'' (2008)

As Himself :* "Werewolf Bar Mitzvah", ''30 Rock'' Official Soundtrack (2010) :* "101 Rap", ''Community'': Music from the Original Television Series (2010) :* "Somewhere Out There", ''Community'': Music from the Original Television Series (2010)

References

External links

Donald Glover's Official Site

Derrick Comedy's Official Site

Sundance

Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:American comedians Category:American comedy musicians Category:American film actors Category:American screenwriters Category:American stand-up comedians Category:American television actors Category:American television writers Category:People from DeKalb County, Georgia Category:New York University alumni Category:Writers Guild of America Award winners Category:African American comedians Category:African American television actors Category:African American film actors

nl:Donald Glover pt:Donald Glover

name	F. W. Murnau
birth name	Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
birth date	December 28, 1888
birth place	Bielefeld, Germany
death date	March 11, 1931
death place	Santa Barbara, California, U.S.
occupation	Film director
years active	1919—1931
height	6'11 (2.10 m)
website	}}

Friedrich Wilhelm "F. W." Murnau (December 28, 1888 – March 11, 1931) was one of the most influential German film directors of the silent era, and a prominent figure in the expressionist movement in German cinema during the 1920s. Although some of Murnau's films have been lost, most still survive.

Early years

He was born as Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe in Bielefeld, Province of Westphalia. He attended the University of Heidelberg and studied art history. He took the name "Murnau" from the town in Germany named Murnau am Staffelsee. Openly gay, the 6'11 (210cm) director was said to have an icy, imperious disposition and an obsession with film. He was a combat pilot during World War I and directed his first film ''Der Knabe in Blau'' ('The Boy in Blue') in 1919.

German films

Murnau's most famous film is ''Nosferatu'', a 1922 adaptation of Bram Stoker's ''Dracula'' for which Stoker's widow sued for copyright infringement. Murnau lost the lawsuit and all prints of the film were ordered to be destroyed, but bootleg prints survived. The vampire, played by German stage actor Max Schreck, resembled a rat which was known to carry the plague. The origins of the word are from Stoker's novel, where it is used by the Romanian townsfolk to refer to Count Dracula and presumably, other undead.

Nearly as important as ''Nosferatu'' in Murnau's filmography was ''The Last Laugh'' ("Der Letzte Mann", German "The Last Man") (1924), written by Carl Mayer (a very prominent figure of the ''Kammerspielfilm'' movement) and starring Emil Jannings. The film introduced the subjective point of view camera, where the camera "sees" from the eyes of a character and uses visual style to convey a character's psychological state. It also anticipated the cinéma vérité movement in its subject matter. The film also utilized the "Unchained Camera Technique", a mix of tracking shots, pans, tilts, and zooms. Also, unlike the majority of Murnau's other works, ''The Last Laugh'' is considered a ''Kammerspielfilm'' with Expressionist elements. Unlike expressionist films, ''Kammerspielfilme'' are categorized by their chamber play influence, involving a lack of intricate set designs and story lines / themes regarding social injustice towards the working classes.

Murnau's last German film was the big budget ''Faust'' (1926) with Gösta Ekman as the title character, Emil Jannings as Mephisto and Camilla Horn as Gretchen. Murnau's film draws on older traditions of the legendary tale of Faust as well as on Goethe's classic version. The film is well-known for a sequence in which the giant, winged figure of Mephisto hovers over a town sowing the seeds of plague.

''Nosferatu'' (music by Hans Erdmann) and ''Faust'' (music by Werner Richard Heymann) were two of the first films to feature original film scores.

Hollywood

Murnau emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the Fox Studio and made ''Sunrise'' (1927), a movie often cited by film scholars as one of the greatest films of all time. Filmed in the Fox Movietone sound-on-film system (music and sound effects only), ''Sunrise'' was not a financial success, but received several Oscars at the very first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929. In winning the Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Production it shared what is now the Best Picture award with the movie ''Wings''.

Murnau's next two films, the (now lost) ''Four Devils'' (1928) and ''City Girl'' (1930), were modified to adapt to the new era of sound film and were not well received. Their poor receptions disillusioned Murnau, and he quit Fox to journey for a while in the South Pacific.

Together with documentary film pioneer Robert Flaherty, Murnau travelled to Bora Bora to realize the film ''Tabu'' in 1931. Flaherty left after artistic disputes with Murnau who had to finish the movie on his own. The movie was censored in the United States for images of bare-breasted Polynesian women. The film was originally shot by cinematographer Floyd Crosby as half-talkie, half-silent, before being fully restored as a silent film — Murnau's preferred medium.

Death

Murnau did not live to see the premiere of his last film. He died in an automobile accident in Santa Barbara, California on 11 March 1931. Murnau was entombed on Southwest Cemetery (Südwest-Kirchhof Stahnsdorf) in Stahnsdorf near Berlin. Only 11 people attended the funeral. Among them were Robert Flaherty, Emil Jannings, Greta Garbo and Fritz Lang, who delivered the funeral speech. Garbo also commissioned a death mask of Murnau, which she kept on her desk during her years in Hollywood.

Legacy

In 2000, director E. Elias Merhige released ''Shadow of the Vampire'', a fictionalization of the making of ''Nosferatu''. Murnau is portrayed by John Malkovich. In the film, Murnau is so dedicated to making the film genuine that he actually hires a real vampire (Willem Dafoe) to play Count Orlok.

Filmography

''Der Knabe in Blau'' (''The Boy in Blue'', released 28 June 1919)

''Satanas'' (released around 30 January 1920 but made in 1919)

''Der Bucklige und die Tänzerin'' (''The Hunchback and the Dancer'', released 8 July 1920)

''Der Januskopf'' (''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' / ''The Head of Janus'', released 17 September 1920)

''Abend - Nacht - Morgen'' (''Evening - Night - Morning'', released October 1920)

''Sehnsucht'' (''Desire: The Tragedy of a Dancer'', released 18 October 1920)

''Der Gang in die Nacht'' (''Journey Into the Night'', released 13 December 1920)

''Schloß Vogelöd'' (''The Haunted Castle'', released April 1921)

''Marizza'' (released 20 January 1922 but filmed in 1921)

''Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens'' (''Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror'', released 5 March 1922)

''Der brennende Acker'' (''The Burning Soil'', released 16 March 1922)

''Phantom'' (released 29 October 1922)

''Die Austreibung'' (''The Expulsion'', released 23 October 1923)

''Die Finanzen des Großherzogs'' (''The Grand Duke's Finances'', released 7 January 1924)

''Der letzte Mann'' (''The Last Laugh'', released 23 December 1924)

''Herr Tartüff'' (''Tartuffe'', released 25 January 1926)

''Faust'' (released 14 October 1926)

''Sunrise'' (released 23 September 1927, won a special Oscar for "Unique Artistic Presentation" at the first Academy Awards)

''4 Devils'' (released 3 October 1928, is generally regarded as one of his best works and is a highly sought-after lost film)

''City Girl / Our Daily Bread'' (released 19 May 1930)

''Tabu'' (released 18 March 1931)

References

External links

Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Foundation, the legal successor to UFA, Bavaria, Terra, Tobis, and Berlin-Film

F. W. MURNAU at internettrash.com

F.W. Murnau at filmportal.de

Category:1888 births Category:1931 deaths Category:German film directors Category:German-language film directors Category:Horror film directors Category:German emigrants to the United States Category:German military personnel of World War I Category:LGBT directors Category:LGBT people from Germany Category:People from Bielefeld Category:People from the Province of Westphalia Category:Road accident deaths in California Category:Luftstreitkräfte personnel Category:Silent films by director an:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau bg:Фридрих Мурнау ca:F. W. Murnau cs:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau da:F. W. Murnau de:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau el:Φρήντριχ Βίλεμ Μουρνάου es:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau eo:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau eu:F.W. Murnau fa:فریدریش ویلهلم مورنائو fr:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau ko:프리드리히 빌헬름 무르나우 id:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau it:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau he:פרידריך וילהלם מורנאו lt:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau hu:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau nl:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau ja:F・W・ムルナウ pl:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau pt:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau ru:Мурнау, Фридрих Вильгельм simple:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau fi:F. W. Murnau sv:F.W. Murnau tr:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau uk:Фрідріх Вільгельм Мурнау zh:F·W·穆瑙

Name	Ryan Bingham
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	George Ryan Bingham
Born	March 31, 1981Hobbs, New Mexico, United States
Instrument	Vocals, guitar
Genre	Red dirt, Americana
Occupation	Musician
Years active	2006–present
Label	Lost Highway
Website
Notable instruments	}}

Ryan Bingham (born March 31, 1981) is an Americana (music) singer-songwriter currently based in Los Angeles, California.

After garnering critical acclaim for his first two studio releases on Lost Highway Records, 2007's ''Mescalito'' and 2009's ''Roadhouse Sun'', Ryan Bingham went on to collaborate with Grammy-winning producer T Bone Burnett on the soundtrack for the 2009 acclaimed film ''Crazy Heart'', including notably co-penning & performing the film’s award-winning theme song "The Weary Kind". The title track earned Bingham an Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and Critics' Choice Award for “Best Song” in 2010, as well as a Grammy Award for "Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media" in 2011. As a result of his monumental year, the Americana Music Association honored Bingham with the organization's top award in 2010: “Artist of the Year”.

Ryan Bingham joined back up with his band The Dead Horses to release their third studio album ''Junky Star'' on August 31, 2010. The album debuted in the Top 20 on the ''Billboard 200'' Chart & in the Top 10 on the Billboard Rock Album Chart, making ''Junky Star'' Bingham’s highest charting & most successful release to date.

Personal life

Bingham was born in Hobbs, New Mexico, and raised in Texas.

Career

After issuing self released "Wishbone Saloon" and "Dead Horses", the latter distributed by Lone Star Music, Bingham was signed to Lost Highway Records, who issued his first major label debut with ''Mescalito'' on October 2, 2007, produced by former Black Crowes guitarist Marc Ford. ''Texas Music Magazine'' has opined that "Bingham talks and sings with a whiskey-and-cigarette throat that screams hard living. Hard in a way that can make a 29-year-old sound like a 50-year-old Tom Waits."

Bingham spent several years on the rodeo circuit: He began bullriding in his late teens. His family moved several times, from Hobbs to Spring and Stephenville, Texas.

Bingham's bandmates, The Dead Horses, are Matthew Smith (drums), Corby Schaub (guitar and mandolin) and Elijah Ford (bass). The bass player on ''Mescalito'' was Jeb Stuart. They appeared with the Drive-by Truckers on the PBS show ''Austin City Limits'' in October 2007.

The first single from ''Mescalito,'' entitled "Southside of Heaven," was released on November 30, 2007. The next single was entitled "Bread and Water."

On June 2, 2009, Ryan Bingham and The Dead Horses released their second album titled ''Roadhouse Sun'' via Lost Highway Records. It was once again produced by Marc Ford.

Bingham performed two songs for the soundtrack of the movie ''Crazy Heart'', including "I Don't Know," and the theme song, "The Weary Kind." In addition to these performances, Bingham wrote "The Weary Kind" and was produced by T Bone Burnett. He also had a small role in the film as Tony. On January 17, 2010, Bingham was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Original Song for "The Weary Kind" at the 2010 Golden Globe Awards. The song won Best Original Song at the 2010 82nd Academy Awards, as well as Song of the Year at the 9th Annual Americana Music Association awards.

Bingham's third major label release, Junky Star, was released on Lost Highway Records on August 31, 2010.

Reception

Bingham has appeared as a guest on Bob Harris's Country Show on the BBC's Radio 2. Daryl Easlea, writing for the BBC's folk and country review, said "Bingham will be one of the names to drop in 2008, with an album that sounds as if it's been unearthed from 1972."

''Rolling Stone'' magazine gave Mescalito three out of five stars and wrote that Bingham "earns his sepia-toned album cover with a dusty wood-and-steel sound, and despite being twenty-five, sings like Steve Earle's dad."

Discography

Studio albums

Title	Album details	Peak chart positions
		! style="width:40px;"	! style="width:40px;"	! style="width:40px;"	! style="width:40px;"
! scope="row"		* Release date: October 2, 2007	* Label: Lost Highway Records	Compact disc>CD, music download	—	—	—	37
''Roadhouse Sun''		* Release date: June 2, 2009	* Label: Lost Highway Records	* Formats: CD, music download	17	65	—	—
''Junky Star''		* Release date: August 31, 2010	* Label: Lost Highway Records	* Formats: CD, music download	2	19	8	—

Extended plays

Title	Album details	Peak positions
		! style="width:50px;"
''iTunes Live: SXSW''		* Release date: March 18, 2011	* Label: Lost Highway Records	* Formats: CD, music download	64

Singles

Year	Single	! Peak positions	Album
		! style="width:60px;"
	"The Weary Kind"	116	style="text-align:left;"
"Depression"	—

Music videos

! Year	Video	! Director
2007	"Southside of Heaven"
2008	"Bread and Water"
2009	"Country Roads"
2010	"The Weary Kind"	Danny Clinch

Filmography

! Year	Title	Role	! Notes
2009	''Crazy Heart''	Tony	Academy Award for Best Original SongGolden Globe Award for Best Original SongLas Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Original SongWorld Soundtrack Award for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film

References

External links

Bingham's official website

Review of Roadhouse Sun from CountryMusicPride.com

''Los Angeles Times'' article on Bingham

Interview with AmericanaRoots.com

Interview with LoneStarMusic.com

http://www.theeuropean-magazine.com/110-bingham-ryan/112-crazy-heart-soundtrack

Category:1981 births Category:American male singers Category:American rock guitarists Category:American rock singers Category:Songwriters from Texas Category:Golden Globe Award winning musicians Category:Best Song Academy Award winning songwriters Category:Living people Category:People from Austin, Texas Category:Texas country musicians Category:Lost Highway Records artists

es:Ryan Bingham it:Ryan Bingham ru:Бингхэм, Райан

name	Uriah Heep
series	David Copperfield
creator	Charles Dickens
gender	Male
occupation	Moneylender
nationality	British }}

Uriah Heep is a fictional character created by Charles Dickens in his novel ''David Copperfield''.

The character is notable for his cloying humility, obsequiousness, and insincerity, making frequent references to his own "'umbleness". His name has become synonymous with being a yes man. He is the central antagonist of the later part of the book.

In book

David first meets the 15-year-old Heep when he is living with Mr. Wickfield and his daughter Agnes, in chapter 15: :''[Uriah's face] was quite as cadaverous as it had looked in the window, though in the grain of it there was that tinge of red which is sometimes to be observed in the skins of red-haired people. It belonged to a red-haired person—a youth of fifteen, as I take it now, but looking much older—whose hair was cropped as close as the closest stubble; who had hardly any eyebrows, and no eyelashes, and eyes of a red-brown, so unsheltered and unshaded, that I remember wondering how he went to sleep. He was high-shouldered and bony; dressed in decent black, with a white wisp of a neckcloth; buttoned up to the throat; and had a long, lank, skeleton hand, which particularly attracted my attention, as he stood at the pony's head, rubbing his chin with it, and looking up at us in the chaise.''

Uriah has been employed as clerk to Wickfield for four years, since he was eleven. Uriah's father, who instilled him with the need to be humble, died when Uriah was ten, and for the first part of the novel he lives alone with his mother in their "umble abode". Copperfield takes an immediate and permanent dislike to Uriah, in spite of the latter's persistent, if insincere attempts to win his friendship. Uriah addresses Copperfield as "Master Copperfield" well into their adulthood, an indication of his true patronising view.

Uriah is repeatedly mentioned as ugly and repulsive, even in his youth - tall, lank and pale with red hair and lashless eyes. He may be albino, according to frequent mentions of his pale skin and red eyes, though this is never clearly stated. Dickens negatively emphasizes Uriah's movements as well, described as jerking and writhing; this leads some literary scholars to believe Dickens is describing a form of dystonia, a muscular disorder, to increase Uriah's snakelike character. Uriah explains in another part of the book that his ambition and greed are fueled by resentment from the double-standard of his schooling and from his treatment as a child, and by encouragement from his parents. As Uriah works for Wickfield for the next five or so years, he teaches himself law at night, and by blackmailing Mr. Wickfield, gains control over his business.

He eventually succeeds in having himself made a full partner in the business. His eventual ambition is to marry Agnes and gain control of the Wickfield fortune. Like most of Dickens' villains, greed is his main motivation. Heep is eventually stymied by Mr. Micawber and Tommy Traddles, with help from David and Agnes. Once his fraud and treachery are unmasked, he persists in hounding Micawber and Copperfield. Towards the end of the novel, he is last seen in Mr. Creakle’s prison where we find that he has returned to his "umble" ways, and puts himself forward as a model prisoner. He is said to be sentenced for transportation for life, which likely means he will eventually be sent to one of the penal colonies in Australia.

Origins

Much of ''David Copperfield'' is autobiographical and some scholars believe Heep's mannerisms and physical attributes to be based on Hans Christian Andersen whom Dickens met shortly before writing the novel. Uriah Heep's schemes and behaviour are more likely based on Thomas Powell, employer to a friend of Dickens, Thomas Chapman. Powell "...ingratiated himself into the Dickens household" and was discovered to be a forger and a thief, having embezzled £10,000 from his employer. He later attacked Dickens in pamphlets, calling particular attention to Dickens' social class and background. Powell was later deemed a lunatic.

The characteristics of grasping manipulation and insincerity can lead to a person being labelled "a Uriah Heep" as Lyndon Johnson is called in Robert Caro's biography. Seymour Fleming, a character in the play Babes in Arms, is also called thus. Author Philip Roth once compared President Richard Nixon to Uriah Heep. More recently, the historian Tony Judt used the term to describe Marshall Petain of French Vichy government shame.

Film and television

In film and television adaptations, the character has been played by, amongst others, Roland Young (1935), Colin Jeavons (1966), Ron Moody (1970), Martin Jarvis (1974), Paul Brightwell (1986), Nicholas Lyndhurst (1999), Frank MacCusker (2000) and Simon Pegg (2009).

Cultural references

The British rock band Uriah Heep is named after the character.

In the BBC television series ''Blake's 7'', the computer character Slave was described by Peter Tuddenham, who voiced it, as "...a Uriah Heep type of character...."

References

External links

Information, Illustrations, Analysis, Select Resources on the novel

Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1850 Heep Heep

fr:Uriah Heep (personnage) it:Uriah Heep pl:Uriasz Heep ro:Uriah Heep (personaj) sv:Uriah Heep (fiktiv person)