Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.

When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When it is blocked by the clouds or reflects off of other objects, it is experienced as diffused light.

The World Meteorological Organization uses the term "sunshine duration" to mean the cumulative time during which an area receives direct irradiance from the Sun of at least 120 watts per square meter.

Sunlight may be recorded using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer or pyrheliometer. Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach the Earth.

Direct sunlight has a luminous efficacy of about 93 lumens per watt of radiant flux, which includes infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. Bright sunlight provides illuminance of approximately 100,000 lux or lumens per square meter at the Earth's surface.

Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, a process vital for life on Earth.

Calculation

To calculate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground, both the elliptical orbit of the Earth and the attenuation by the Earth's atmosphere have to be taken into account. The extraterrestrial solar illuminance (''E''_ext), corrected for the elliptical orbit by using the day number of the year (dn), is given by :$E\_\{\backslash rm\; ext\}=\; E\_\{\backslash rm\; sc\}\; \backslash cdot\; (1+0.033412\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash cos\backslash left(2\backslash pi\backslash frac\{\{\backslash rm\; dn\}-3\}\{365\}\backslash right)),$ where dn=1 on January 1; dn=2 on January 2; dn=32 on February 1, etc. In this formula dn-3 is used, because in modern times Earth's perihelion, the closest approach to the Sun and therefore the maximum ''E''_ext occurs around January 3 each year. The value of .033412 is determined knowing that the ratio between the perihelion (0.98328989 AU) squared and the aphelion (1.01671033 AU) squared should be approximately 0.935338.

The solar illuminance constant (''E''_sc), is equal to 128×10³ lx. The direct normal illuminance (''E''_dn), corrected for the attenuating effects of the atmosphere is given by: :$E\_\{\backslash rm\; dn\}=E\_\{\backslash rm\; ext\}\backslash ,e^\{-cm\},$ where ''c'' is the atmospheric extinction coefficient and ''m'' is the relative optical airmass.

Solar constant

The solar constant, a measure of flux density, is the amount of incoming solar electromagnetic radiation per unit area that would be incident on a plane perpendicular to the rays, at a distance of one astronomical unit (AU) (roughly the mean distance from the Sun to the Earth). The "solar constant" includes all types of solar radiation, not just the visible light. Its average value is approximately 1.366 kW/m², varying slightly with solar activity.

Total (TSI) and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) upon Earth

Total Solar Irradiance upon Earth (TSI) was earlier measured by satellite to be roughly 1.366 kilowatts per square meter (kW/m²), but most recently NASA cites TSI as "1361 W/m2 as compared to ~1366 W/m2 from earlier observations [Kopp et al., 2005]", based on regular readings from NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment(SORCE) satellite, active since 2003, noting that this "discovery is critical in examining the energy budget of the planet Earth and isolating the climate change due to human activities." Furthermore the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) has found in the same period that spectral solar irradiance (SSI) at UV (ultraviolet) wavelength corresponds in a less clear, and probably more complicated fashion, with earth's climate responses than earlier assumed, fueling broad avenues of new research in "the connection of the Sun and stratosphere, troposphere, biosphere, ocean, and Earth’s climate".

Intensity in the Solar System

Different bodies of the Solar System receive light of an intensity inversely proportional to the square of their distance from Sun. A rough table comparing the amount of solar radiation received by each planet in the Solar System follows (from data in ):

! Planet	Perihelion - Aphelion distance (Astronomical Unit>AU)	! Solar radiation maximum and minimum (W/m²)
	0.3075 – 0.4667	14,446 – 6,272
Venus	0.7184 – 0.7282	2,647 – 2,576
Earth	0.9833 – 1.017	1,413 – 1,321
Mars	1.382 – 1.666	715 – 492
Jupiter	4.950 – 5.458	55.8 – 45.9
Saturn	9.048 – 10.12	16.7 – 13.4
Uranus	18.38 – 20.08	4.04 – 3.39
Neptune	29.77 – 30.44	1.54 – 1.47

The actual brightness of sunlight that would be observed at the surface depends also on the presence and composition of an atmosphere. For example Venus' thick atmosphere reflects more than 60% of the solar light it receives. The actual illumination of the surface is about 14,000 lux, comparable to that on Earth "in the daytime with overcast clouds".

Sunlight on Mars would be more or less like daylight on Earth wearing sunglasses, and as can be seen in the pictures taken by the rovers, there is enough diffuse sky radiation that shadows would not seem particularly dark. Thus it would give perceptions and "feel" very much like Earth daylight.

For comparison purposes, sunlight on Saturn is slightly brighter than Earth sunlight at the average sunset or sunrise (see daylight for comparison table). Even on Pluto the sunlight would still be bright enough to almost match the average living room. To see sunlight as dim as full moonlight on the Earth, a distance of about 500 AU (~69 light-hours) is needed; there are only a handful of objects in the solar system known to orbit farther than such a distance, among them 90377 Sedna and (87269) 2000 OO67.

Composition

The spectrum of the Sun's solar radiation is close to that of a black body with a temperature of about 5,800 K. The Sun emits EM radiation across most of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although the Sun produces Gamma rays as a result of the nuclear fusion process, these super high energy photons are converted to lower energy photons before they reach the Sun's surface and are emitted out into space, so the Sun doesn't give off any gamma rays to speak of. The Sun does, however, emit X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, and even Radio waves. When ultraviolet radiation is not absorbed by the atmosphere or other protective coating, it can cause damage to the skin known as sunburn or trigger an adaptive change in human skin pigmentation.

The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth's atmosphere spans a range of 100 nm to about 1 mm. This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelengths:

Ultraviolet C or (UVC) range, which spans a range of 100 to 280 nm. The term ''ultraviolet'' refers to the fact that the radiation is at higher frequency than violet light (and, hence also invisible to the human eye). Owing to absorption by the atmosphere very little reaches the Earth's surface (Lithosphere). This spectrum of radiation has germicidal properties, and is used in germicidal lamps.

Ultraviolet B or (UVB) range spans 280 to 315 nm. It is also greatly absorbed by the atmosphere, and along with UVC is responsible for the photochemical reaction leading to the production of the ozone layer.

Ultraviolet A or (UVA) spans 315 to 400 nm. It has been traditionally held as less damaging to the DNA, and hence used in tanning and PUVA therapy for psoriasis.

Visible range or light spans 380 to 780 nm. As the name suggests, it is this range that is visible to the naked eye.

Infrared range that spans 700 nm to 10⁶ nm (1 mm). It is responsible for an important part of the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth. It is also divided into three types on the basis of wavelength:

* Infrared-A: 700 nm to 1,400 nm

* Infrared-B: 1,400 nm to 3,000 nm

* Infrared-C: 3,000 nm to 1 mm.

Surface illumination

The spectrum of surface illumination depends upon solar elevation due to atmospheric effects, with the blue spectral component from atmospheric scatter dominating during twilight before and after sunrise and sunset, respectively, and red dominating during sunrise and sunset. These effects are apparent in natural light photography where the principal source of illumination is sunlight as mediated by the atmosphere.

According to Craig Bohren, "preferential absorption of sunlight by ozone over long horizon paths gives the zenith sky its blueness when the sun is near the horizon".

See diffuse sky radiation for more details.

Climate effects

On Earth, solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the sun is above the horizon. This is during daytime, and also in summer near the poles at night, but not at all in winter near the poles. When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as ''sunshine'', combining the perception of bright white light (sunlight in the strict sense) and warming. The warming on the body, the ground and other objects depends on the absorption (electromagnetic radiation) of the electromagnetic radiation in the form of heat.

The amount of radiation intercepted by a planetary body varies inversely with the square of the distance between the star and the planet. The Earth's orbit and obliquity change with time (over thousands of years), sometimes forming a nearly perfect circle, and at other times stretching out to an orbital eccentricity of 5% (currently 1.67%). The total insolation remains almost constant due to Kepler's second law, :$\backslash tfrac\{2A\}\{r^2\}dt\; =\; d\backslash theta,$

where $A$ is the "areal velocity" invariant. That is, the integration over the orbital period (also invariant) is a constant.

:$\backslash int\_\{0\}^\{T\}\; \backslash tfrac\{2A\}\{r^2\}dt\; =\; \backslash int\_\{0\}^\{2\backslash pi\}\; d\backslash theta\; =\; \backslash mathrm\{constant\}$

If we assume the solar radiation power $P$ as a constant over time and the solar irradiation given by the inverse-square law, we obtain also the average insolation as a constant.

But the seasonal and latitudinal distribution and intensity of solar radiation received at the Earth's surface also varies. For example, at latitudes of 65 degrees the change in solar energy in summer & winter can vary by more than 25% as a result of the Earth's orbital variation. Because changes in winter and summer tend to offset, the change in the annual average insolation at any given location is near zero, but the redistribution of energy between summer and winter does strongly affect the intensity of seasonal cycles. Such changes associated with the redistribution of solar energy are considered a likely cause for the coming and going of recent ice ages (see: Milankovitch cycles).

Life on Earth

The existence of nearly all life on Earth is fueled by light from the sun. Most autotrophs, such as plants, use the energy of sunlight, combined with carbon dioxide and water, to produce simple sugars—a process known as photosynthesis. These sugars are then used as building blocks and in other synthetic pathways which allow the organism to grow.

Heterotrophs, such as animals, use light from the sun indirectly by consuming the products of autotrophs, either directly or by consuming other heterotrophs. The sugars and other molecular components produced by the autotrophs are then broken down, releasing stored solar energy, and giving the heterotroph the energy required for survival. This process is known as cellular respiration.

In prehistory, humans began to further extend this process by putting plant and animal materials to other uses. They used animal skins for warmth, for example, or wooden weapons to hunt. These skills allowed humans to harvest more of the sunlight than was possible through glycolysis alone, and human population began to grow.

During the Neolithic Revolution, the domestication of plants and animals further increased human access to solar energy. Fields devoted to crops were enriched by inedible plant matter, providing sugars and nutrients for future harvests. Animals which had previously only provided humans with meat and tools once they were killed were now used for labour throughout their lives, fueled by grasses inedible to humans.

The more recent discoveries of coal, petroleum and natural gas are modern extensions of this trend. These fossil fuels are the remnants of ancient plant and animal matter, formed using energy from sunlight and then trapped within the earth for millions of years. Because the stored energy in these fossil fuels has accumulated over many millions of years, they have allowed modern humans to massively increase the production and consumption of primary energy. As the amount of fossil fuel is large but finite, this cannot continue indefinitely, and various theories exist as to what will follow this stage of human civilization (e.g. alternative fuels, Malthusian catastrophe, new urbanism, peak oil).

Cultural aspects

Many people find direct sunlight to be too bright for comfort, especially when reading from white paper upon which the sun is directly shining. Indeed, looking directly at the sun can cause long-term vision damage. To compensate for the brightness of sunlight, many people wear sunglasses. Cars, many helmets and caps are equipped with visors to block the sun from direct vision when the sun is at a low angle. Sunshine is often blocked from entering buildings through the use of walls, window blinds, awnings, shutters or curtains.

In colder countries, many people prefer sunnier days and often avoid the shade. In hotter countries the converse is true; during the midday hours many people prefer to stay inside to remain cool. If they do go outside, they seek shade which may be provided by trees, parasols, and so on.

In Hinduism the sun is considered to be a god as it is the source of life and energy on earth.

===Sunbathing=== Sunbathing is a popular leisure activity in which a person sits or lies in direct sunshine. People often sunbathe in comfortable places where there is ample sunlight. Some common places for sunbathing include beaches, open air swimming pools, parks, gardens, and sidewalk cafés. Sunbathers typically wear limited amounts of clothing or some simply go nude. For some, an alternative to sunbathing is the use of a sunbed that generates ultraviolet light and can be used indoors regardless of outdoor weather conditions and amount of sunlight.

For many people with pale or brownish skin, one purpose for sunbathing is to darken one's skin color (get a sun tan) as this is considered in some cultures to be beautiful, associated with outdoor activity, vacations/holidays, and health. Some people prefer naked sunbathing so that an "all-over" or "even" tan can be obtained, sometimes as part of a specific lifestyle.

For people suffering from psoriasis, sunbathing is an effective way of healing the symptoms.

Skin tanning is achieved by an increase in the dark pigment inside skin cells called melanocytes and it is actually an automatic response mechanism of the body to sufficient exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or from artificial sunlamps. Thus, the tan gradually disappears with time, when one is no longer exposed to these sources.

Effects on human health

The body produces vitamin D from sunlight (specifically from the UVB band of ultraviolet light), and excessive seclusion from the sun can lead to deficiency unless adequate amounts are obtained through diet.

On the other hand, excessive sunlight exposure has been linked to all types of skin cancer caused by the ultraviolet part of radiation from sunlight or sunlamps. Sunburn can have mild to severe inflammation effects on skin; this can be avoided by using a proper sunscreen cream or lotion or by gradually building up melanocytes with increasing exposure. Another detrimental effect of UV exposure is accelerated skin aging (also called skin photodamage), which produces a difficult to treat cosmetic effect. Some people are concerned that ozone depletion is increasing the incidence of such health hazards. A 10% decrease in ozone could cause a 25% increase in skin cancer.

A lack of sunlight, on the other hand, is considered one of the primary causes of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a serious form of the "winter blues". SAD occurrence is more prevalent in locations further from the tropics, and most of the treatments (other than prescription drugs) involve light therapy, replicating sunlight via lamps tuned to specific (visible, not ultra-violet) wavelengths of light or full-spectrum bulbs.

A recent study indicates that more exposure to sunshine early in a person’s life relates to less risk from multiple sclerosis (MS) later in life.

See also

Earth's atmosphere

Color temperature

Crepuscular rays, rays of sunlight that appear to radiate from a single point in the sky.

Daylighting

Diathermancy

Electromagnetic radiation and health

Fraunhofer line

Effect of sun angle on climate

Illuminance

Insolation

Irradiance

Light

Light beam

List of light sources

Moonlight

Over-illumination

Ozone layer

Ozone hole

Photic sneeze reflex

Risks and benefits of sun exposure

Season

Solar variation

Coronal radiative losses

References

Further reading

Hartmann, Thom (1998). The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-82243-0.

External links

Solar radiation - Encyclopedia of Earth

Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Daily mean data at the website of the National Geophysical Data Center

Construction of a Composite Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Time Series from 1978 to present by World Radiation Center, Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos (pmod wrc)

A Comparison of Methods for Providing Solar Radiation Data to Crop Models and Decision Support Systems, Rivington et al.

Evaluation of three model estimations of solar radiation at 24 UK stations, Rivington et al.

High resolution spectrum of solar radiation from Observatoire de Paris

Measuring Solar Radiation : A lesson plan from the National Science Digital Library.

Websurf astronomical information: Online tools for calculating Rising and setting times of Sun, Moon or planet, Azimuth of Sun, Moon or planet at rising and setting, Altitude and azimuth of Sun, Moon or planet for a given date or range of dates, and more.

Daylength - Formulas to calculate the daylength depending from latitude and day of year.

An Excel workbook with a solar position and solar radiation time-series calculator; by Greg Pelletier

DOE information about the ASTM standard solar spectrum for PV evaluation.

ASTM Standard for solar spectrum at ground level in the US (latitude ~ 37 degrees).

Detailed spectrum of the sun at Astronomy Picture of the Day.

Radiation Category:Atmospheric radiation Category:Climate forcing Category:Natural resources Category:Light Category:Photovoltaics Category:IARC Group 1 carcinogens Category:Light sources

af:Sonlig ar:شعاع الشمس bg:Слънчево излъчване ca:Llum solar da:Solindstråling cs:Sluneční světlo da:Sollys de:Sonnenstrahlung es:Radiación solar es:Luz solar eo:Sunradiado fr:Rayonnement solaire gd:Gath na greine gl:Radiación solar ko:햇빛 hr:Sunčeva radijacija id:Sinar matahari it:Radiazione solare he:קרינת השמש mk:Сончево зрачење mr:सूर्यप्रकाश nl:Zonlicht ja:太陽光 ja:太陽放射 no:Sollys no:Solstråling nn:Solstråling pl:Promieniowanie słoneczne pt:Luz solar ro:Radiație solară ru:Солнечная радиация simple:Sunlight sr:Сунчева свјетлост te:సూర్యరశ్మి uk:Сонячна радіація vi:Bức xạ Mặt Trời zh-yue:太陽光 zh:太陽輻射 zh:太阳光

name	Tom Dice
background	solo_singer
birth name	Tom Eeckhout
birth date	November 25, 1989
origin	Eeklo, Belgium
instrument	Guitar
genre	Pop, Acoustic
occupation	Singer-songwriter
years active	2008–present
label	SonicAngel
associated acts	The Dice
website	Tom Dice }}

Tom Dice (born Tom Eeckhout in Eeklo on 25 November 1989) is a Belgian singer-songwriter, who finished second in the Flemish version of ''The X Factor'' in 2008. Dice represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 final on 29 May in Oslo. Tom Dice ended up in sixth, one of Flanders best placements ever in the contest. Dice was also the first Belgian act to qualify for the final since the introduction of the semifinals in Eurovision.

Youth and ''X Factor''

Dice learned to play the guitar as a child, began songwriting in his early teens and at the age of 15 joined band The Dice, using Tom Eeckhout Dice as his stage name. In 2008 he entered the Flemish ''X Factor'' and, with Maurice Engelen as his vocal coach, finished runner-up to Dirk De Smet.

Following ''X Factor'', Dice became the first signing to new label SonicAngel, and in June 2009, now under the name of Tom Dice, released his first single, an acoustic cover of Leona Lewis' ''Bleeding Love''. The single went on to reach number 7 on the Flemish singles chart during a 14-week chart run. Dice received a nomination in the 2009 TMF Awards in the category "Best New Artist", losing out to Jasper Erkens.

In May 2009, Dice began working, again with Engelen, on his debut album, which was originally scheduled for an October 2009 release, but has yet to be issued.

Eurovision Song Contest 2010

On 25 November 2009, Dice was chosen by the Flemish broadcaster Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) to represent Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, Norway. His distinctive voice and TV experience were cited among the factors behind his selection. Reaction in Belgium to the announcement that Dice had been chosen by internal means was mixed, with some feeling that an open and public selection involving different artists would have been preferable.

The chosen song "Me and My Guitar" was unveiled on 7 March 2010, and was co-written by Ashley Hicklin, Jeroen Swinnen and Dice himself. The song went to number 1 in Belgium, both on the iTunes chart and on the official Flemish and Walloon charts; it also reached number 7 in Luxembourg. Dice performed the song in the first semi-final in Oslo on 25 May 2010 and qualified for the final, in first place, making him the first Belgian act to do so in 6 years. Tom Dice finished in sixth place, one of Belgium's best placements in the contest.

Discography

Albums

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ List of albums, with selected chart positions and certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:8em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Album details ! scope="col" colspan="9"| Peak chart positions |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| BEL(FLA) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| BEL(WAL) |- ! scope="row" | ''Teardrops'' |

Released: 30 April 2010

Genre: Pop music

Label: Sonic Angel

Format: CD, Digital download

| 1 || 57 |}

Singles

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL(VL)

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL(WA)

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|DEN

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|FRA

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|GER

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|NL

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|IRE

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|SWE

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|UK

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|SWI |- |2009 ! scope="row"| "Bleeding Love" | 7 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — |align=left| |rowspan="4"| ''Teardrops'' |- |rowspan="2"|2010 ! scope="row"| "Me and My Guitar" | 1 || 1 || 39 || 68 || 20 || 30 || 20 || 24 || 85 || 32 |align=left| BEL: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "Lucy" | 21 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — |align=left| |- |2011 ! scope="row"| "A Thousand Years" | 44 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — |align=left| |}

As featured artist

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="4"| Peak Chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|FRA ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (FLA) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|BEL (WAL) ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"|SWI |- |rowspan="2"| 2011 ! scope="row"| "Il nous faut" (duet with Elisa Tovati) | 6 || 1 || 1 || 37 |''Le syndrome de Peter Pan'' (Elisa Tovati album) |- ! scope="row"| "Sunlight" (DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice) | — || — || — || 10 |''2011'' (DJ Antoine album) |}

References

External links

Official website (Dutch)

Recordlabel SonicAngel

The Dice Myspace page

Category:1989 births Category:Belgian Eurovision Song Contest entrants Category:Belgian male singers Category:Belgian pop singers Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010 Category:Living people Category:People from East Flanders Category:The X Factor contestants

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Albert William Ketèlbey (9 August 1875 – 26 November 1959), born Ketelbey, was an English composer, conductor and pianist.

Biography

Ketèlbey was born in Alma Street in the Lozells area of Birmingham, England, the son of an engraver, George Henry Ketelbey (written with no accent), and Sarah Ann Aston. At the age of eleven he wrote a piano sonata that won praise from Edward Elgar. Ketèlbey gained a scholarship to the Trinity College of Music in London, where he showed his talent for playing various orchestral instruments reflected in the masterfully colourful orchestration, especially of oriental inspiration, that became his trademark. At Trinity he beat Gustav Holst in competition for a musical scholarship. He used the pseudonyms Raoul Clifford and Anton Vodorinski for some of his works (some reference books mistakenly give Vodorinski as his true name and Ketèlbey as the pseudonym). His name is frequently misspelt ''Ketelby''.

Ketèlbey held a number of positions, including organist at St John's, Wimbledon, before being appointed musical director of London's Vaudeville Theatre, where he met his future wife Charlotte (Lottie) Siegenberg. Whilst at the Vaudeville he continued writing diverse vocal and instrumental music. Later, he became famous for composing lightweight, popular music, much of which was used as accompaniments to silent films, and as mood music at tea dances. Success enabled him to relinquish his London appointments.

Once, whilst conducting a programme of his own music at a Royal Command Performance, Ketèlbey gave a second rendering of the State Procession movement of his ''Cockney Suite'' during the interval, at the request of King George V, who had arrived too late to hear it performed at the beginning of the programme.

He was active in several other fields including being music editor to some well-known publishing houses and for more than twenty years from 1906, served Musical Director of the Columbia Graphophone Company, where over 600 recordings were issued with him conducting the Court Symphony Orchestra, the Silver Stars Band, and other ensembles.

Although not proven, he is frequently quoted as becoming Britain's first millionaire composer. In 1929, he was proclaimed in the "Performing Right Gazette" as "Britain’s greatest living composer", on the basis of the number of performances of his works.

Ketèlbey had a long and happy marriage to an actress and singer, Charlotte Siegenberg (1871–1947). After her death he married Mabel Maud Pritchett. There were no children by either marriage. He died at his home, Rookstone, Egypt Hill in Cowes, where he had moved in order to concentrate on writing and his hobby of playing billiards. His work fell out of favour after the Second World War and at the time of his death he had slipped into obscurity, with only a handful of mourners at his funeral, held at Golders Green crematorium.

Ketèlbey's music is frequently heard on radio. In a 2003 poll by the BBC radio programme ''Your Hundred Best Tunes'', "Bells across the Meadows" was voted thirty-sixth most popular tune of all time.

Works

His most famous compositions include:

''The Heart's Awakening'' (1908)

''In a Monastery Garden'' (1915) — at age 40, the hit that made his name.

''Phantasy for String Quartet'' — listed but never found (1915)

''In the Moonlight'' (1919)

''In a Persian Market'' (1920)

''Romantic Suite'' (1922)

''Bank Holiday (Appy 'Ampstead)'' (1924) — from ''Cockney Suite''

''In a Chinese Temple Garden'' (1923)

''By the Blue Hawaiian Waters'' (1927)

''In the Mystic Land of Egypt'' (1931)

''From a Japanese Screen'' (1934)

''Italian Twilight'' (1951)

''Cockney Suite''

''Jungle Drums'' (1926)

'' Tangled Tunes''

''Bells across the Meadows'' (1921)

''Dance of the Merry Mascots''

''The Clock and the Dresden Figures'' (1930)

''With Honour Crowned''

''Wedgwood Blue (Graceful Dance)

''Sanctuary of the Heart (1924)

Connected individuals

Ketèlbey's nephew, the pianist Sir Clifford Curzon, recalled in his BBC ''Desert Island Discs'' broadcast, 'Little Clifford was supposed to be in bed but he never was, he was out sitting on the landing, listening to my uncle playing through the well of the stairway of my father's old house, and so the first [pieces of] music I really heard were these immortal melodies of Ketèlbey.'

Ketèlbey's sister was the historian and author C.D.M Ketelbey. Works included "A History of Modern Times", 1929 and "History Stories to Tell", 1931.

Graham Ovenden, an English painter, fine art photographer, writer and architect, was taught music privately by Albert Ketèlbey.

Ketèlbey was related to Mrs. Maria Eliza Ketelbey Rundell, author of "A New System of Domestic Cookery", the most popular English cookbook of the first half of the nineteenth century.

Legacy

Ronnie Ronalde made ''In a Monastery Garden'' famous again in 1958. In his early television appearances, commedian [Ben Blue]] used ''In a Persian Market'' as his entrance music when in his guise as a swami. In 2006, a syncopated arrangement of ''In a Persian Market'' was used in a TV commercial for TomTom automotive navigation systems — this tune was also adapted for one of the songs (''Persian Cat'') by Taiwanese girl band S.H.E. Under the title ''Persian Cat'', this tune was given a new lease of life in the '60s by Jamaican producer Duke Reid and saxophonist Tommy McCook. They recorded two versions, one credited to The Skatalites, the other to Tommy McCook and the Supersonics. Serge Gainsbourg used the theme for his song "My Lady Héroïne". American fingerstyle guitarist John Fahey recorded it on his 1975 album, ''Old Fashioned Love''. Della Reese recorded a vocal version called "Take my Heart" on her album ''The Classic Della''. James Last made a recording arranged in his typical style.

Sources and references

''Albert Ketelbey — From the Sanctuary of his Heart'', John Sant 2001, ISBN 0-9538058-0-8

''The Recordings of the Music of Albert W. Ketèlbey'', a critical and historical discography complied by Tom McCanna

''The Music of Albert W. Ketèlbey a Catalogue'', complied by Tom McCanna

''A Forum for all admirers of the Music of Albert W. Ketèlbey'', on blogspot.com (2009)

Brian Jones in the booklet with the Philips Digital Classics CD 400011-2 (1981 recording)

''The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music'', Phil Hardy 2001, ISBN 978-0-571-19608-1

''Chambers Biographical Dictionary'', Edinburgh 1990, ISBN 978-0-550-16040-9

''The Times'', London 1908, 1915, 1922

The works of Duke Reid and Tommy McCook can be found via Trojan Records

References

External links

Website dedicated to Albert W.Ketèlbey

Discography compiled by Tom McCanna

Music Catalogue compiled by Tom McCanna

Forum for all admirers of the Music of Albert W. Ketèlbey

BBC news clip

Birmingham City Council page about Ketèlbey

Downloadable and streaming recordings of ''In a Monastery Garden'' performed by the Peerless Orchestra and male chorus. From an Edison Phonograph recorded in 1921.

Category:1875 births Category:1959 deaths Category:Light music composers Category:People from Birmingham, West Midlands Category:Alumni of the Birmingham School of Music

de:Albert Ketèlbey es:Albert William Ketèlbey fr:Albert Ketèlbey gl:Albert Ketèlbey it:Albert Ketèlbey he:אלברט קטלבי nl:Albert Ketèlbey ja:アルバート・ケテルビー pl:Albert Ketèlbey fi:Albert Ketèlbey sv:Albert W. Ketèlbey zh:阿尔伯特·凯特尔比

name	Jesse Colin Young
birth date	November 22, 1941
birth place	Queens, New York
occupation	lead vocalist, guitarist, Solo & Celtic Mambo
spouse	Connie }}

Jesse Colin Young (born Perry Miller; November 22, 1941) is an American singer / songwriter / folksinger and a founding member of the group, The Youngbloods.

Early life

Young was born and raised in Queens, New York City. His mother was a violinist and his father was an accountant with a strong interest in classical music. At the age of 15 years old, Young received a scholarship to the Phillips Academy in Andover Massachusetts and was later expelled.

Career

During the 1960s, while living in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan, Young released two solo albums, The ''Soul of a City Boy'' and ''Young Blood''. He then formed the group called The Youngbloods which included guitarist Jerry Corbitt, keyboardist/guitarist Lowell "Banana" Levinger, and drummer Joe Bauer. Their first album contained the song "Get Together", written by Chet Powers, which was re-released as a single in 1969 and used as an advertising theme for television. Young and his band, the Youngbloods, founded a record label called Raccoon Records, and released four additional albums.

Young left the group in 1972 and released a solo album called ''Together''. His fourth solo album, ''Song for Juli'', had four singles and remained on the Billboard Top 200 chart for several months. In 1978, Jesse recorded the album ''American Dreams'', which was followed by the album ''The Perfect Stranger'' in 1982. In 1987 he released the album ''The Highway Is for Heroes''.

He continued touring and re-formed the Youngbloods band for a time before going back to a solo recording career in 1987. He has since begun re-issuing older material.

In 1993 he began his own recording company called Ridgetop Music.

Personal

In the 1970s Young performed in the "No Nukes" concert.

His recording studio and house in Inverness, California, were destroyed in the Mount Vision fire in 1995. Young, his wife, Connie, and their two children spent the next ten years living in Hawaii, where they maintained a coffee plantation. In 2006, Young moved his family to South Carolina.

Discography

Albums

! Album	! Release Date	! Chart
''The Soul of a City Boy''	April 1964	172
''Young Blood''	March 1965
''Together''	March 25, 1972	157
''Song for Juli''	October 6, 1973	51
''Light Shine''	April 20, 1974	37
''Songbird''	March 22, 1975	26
''On the Road''	March 27, 1976	34
''Love on the Wing''	April 2, 1977	64
''American Dreams''	December 9, 1978	165
''The Perfect Stranger''	1982	--
''The Highway is for Heroes''	1987	--
''Makin' It Real''	1993	--
''Swept Away''	1994	--
''Sweetwater''	1996	--
''Walk The Talk''	2001	--
''Living in Paradise''	2004	--
''Celtic Mambo''	2006	--

References

External links

Jesse Colin Young official website

[ Jesse Colin Young at allmusic.com]

Category:American bass guitarists Category:American folk singers Category:Mercury Records artists Category:1941 births Category:Living people

fr:Jesse Colin Young

name	Colin Young
background	solo_singer
birth name	Colin Young
birth date	September 12, 1944
origin	Barbados, West Indies
instrument	vocals
genre	Soul, R&B;, pop
occupation	musician
years active	1968 - Present
label	Ensign Records, Pye Records, Trend Records, Island Records
associated acts	Eric Allendale, Steve Bingham, The Foundations, Mercy, Mercy, The Offbeats, The Tonicks, Alan Warner, The New Foundations
notable instruments	vocals }}

Colin Young (born 12 September 1944 in Barbados) is a singer known for being a member of The Foundations. In the mid-sixties, he came to England for a holiday with his father and he decided to stay. He was a former bookkeeper who prior to joining The Foundations was lead singer of a group called The Tonicks.

Colin Young joined The Foundations after two members, lead singer Clem Curtis and tenor saxophonist Mike Elliott left in 1968. He replaced Clem Curtis as lead singer and went on to sing on 2 more of the Foundations big hits, "Build Me Up Buttercup" and "In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me)". He stayed with The Foundations until their break up in late 1970.

In the mid-1970s, while Clem Curtis and The Foundations were on the road after having re-formed The Foundations, there was also another Foundations line up, led by Colin Young, who were on the road at the same time and were playing basically the same material. This eventually led to court action which resulted in Clem Curtis being allowed to bill his group as either The Foundations or Clem Curtis & The Foundations. Young was allowed to bill himself as The New Foundations or Colin Young & The New Foundations.

Also the mid-1970s, Colin Young and his group released a lone 45 on the Pye label, "Something For My Baby" / "I Need Your Love".

In the 1980s, as the lead singer of UK group Mercy, Mercy, he had a hit with "It Must Be Heaven".

In 1999, a version of The Foundations was re formed that included Colin Young (vocals), Alan Warner (Guitar), Steve Bingham (bass), Gary Moberly (keyboards), Tony Laidlaw (sax) and Sam Kelly then Steve Dixon (drums). This version of the group was reformed due to the popularity of the film ''There's Something About Mary'' and the interest created resulting from the 1968 hit "Build Me Up Buttercup" being featured in the film. Some time later Colin Young left this version of the group and was replaced by Hue Montgomery (aka Hugh Montgomery).

In 2003 Colin Young recorded an updated version of "Build Me Up Buttercup" backed by a choir of policemen from the Surrey police force. The proceeds from the sale of the CD go to Milly's Fund. The fund is a trust set up in memory of murdered school girl Amanda Dowler. Apparently the song was a favourite of hers.

In 2010, Colin Young appeared in Channel 4's Come Dine With Me, where he performed a song for some people. Apart from the one that booked him, only one person recognised him as the artist that was number one the year they were born.

Discography

7" Singles

Colin Young - Any Time At All / You're No Good - UNI 55286 - 1971 (UK and German release Trend 6099 005)

New Foundations - Something For My Baby / I Need Your Love - PYE 45533 - 1975

Mercy, Mercy - It Must Be Heaven / It Must Be Heaven (Part 2) - Island Records - 106 996 - 1984

12 Singles Mercy, Mercy - It Must Be Heaven (Dancemix Part 1) / It Must Be Heaven (Dancemix Part 2) - Ensign Records - 12ENY 515 - 1984 Mercy, Mercy - What Are We Gonna Do About It (Extended Mix) / (Dub Mix) - Ensign Records - 12ENY 522 DJ - 1985

CD Single

Colin Young & The Offbeats, For Milly's Fund - Build Me Up Buttercup / Buttercup Too / No Man Is An Island - Ripe Music RIPEMCD1 - 2003

"' Colin Young and The Come Dine With Me Crew'" - Woman, Get Back To the Kitchen! - Dave Lamb Records DLCD1 - 2010

References

http://www.45cat.com/record/6099005

Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Barbadian pop singers Category:English male singers Category:English soul singers Category:English people of Barbadian descent Category:The Foundations members