name | Selena |
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background | solo_singer |
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birth name | Selena Quintanilla |
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alias | Selena |
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born | April 16, 1971Lake Jackson, Texas, |
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died | March 31, 1995Corpus Christi, Texas, |
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husband | Chris Perez 1992–1995 |
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instrument | Vocals |
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genre | Tejano, Mexican cumbia, Ranchera, Latin pop, Spanish pop, R&B;, Pop |
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occupation | Singer-songwriter, record producer, actress, dancer, model, designer |
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years active | 1982–1995 |
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label | Freddie Records, Cara Records, GP Productions, EMI Latin, Q-Productions, SBK Records |
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associated acts | Selena y Los Dinos, A.B. Quintanilla, Chris Pérez |
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website | www.q-productions.com
}} |
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Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995), often known as
Selena, was an American singer-songwriter-designer. She was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by ''
Billboard'', for her fourteen top-ten singles in the
Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits. She was called "
The Queen of Tejano music" Selena released her first album, ''
Selena y Los Dinos'', at the age of twelve. She was criticized by Tejano fans and record companies for being a female-lead-singer in a male-dominated genre, she was even booed off stage while food was thrown at her, in one of her concerts. Selena had to face male coliseum in traditional barriers in the Latin music world. She won
Female Vocalist of the Year at the 1987
Tejano Music Awards and landed a recording contract with
EMI a few years later. Her fame grew throughout the early 1990s, especially in Spanish-speaking countries.
In 1990, Selena's album ''Ven Conmigo'' became the first Tejano album by a female vocalist to be certified gold. Her following album ''Entre a Mi Mundo'' (1992), which included one of her signature songs "Como La Flor" helped Selena to crossover into Mexico. In 1994, Selena won her first Grammy Award in the category "Best Mexican-American Album" for ''Selena Live!''. EMI Latin signed Selena to SBK Records for a crossover attempt. While preparations stalled, Selena released ''Amor Prohibido'' (1994), which was nominated for a Grammy Award. The album remained as the "biggest selling Latin album of all time", being certified double platinum by the RIAA. Around the same time, Selena helped build and operate her own clothing line and boutiques Selena Etc. She had hired Yolanda Saldívar to manage the boutiques, due to her successful work with the fan club, that she founded. Selena possessed a mezzo-soprano and was highly praised by music critics. Selena also had outfits that accented her physical attributes. She was also not afraid to wear costumes or outfits that she liked and designed. Selena's fan base, were people who were identified with having latino roots while being raised in the United States, many were considered minorities. Selena was credited for giving them a voice, and power to do anything that they set their mind to.
Selena was murdered at the age of 23 by Saldívar. Selena's death reaction and impact was as equally compared to those of Elvis Presley and John Lennon. On April 12, 1995, two weeks after her death, George W. Bush, governor of Texas at the time, declared her birthday (April 16th) "Selena Day" in Texas. Warner Bros. produced ''Selena'', a film based on her life starring Jennifer Lopez, in 1997. Selena's family and former band, Los Dinos, held a tribute concert in dedication of Selena. The concert was held live on Univision entitled ''Selena ¡VIVE!'' which achieved a 35.9 household rating. The concert became the highest rated and most viewed Spanish-language television special ever in the history of American television. The special was also the number one program regardless of language among adults 18-34 in Los Angeles, Chicago, and San Francisco while tying for first place in New York, beating that night's episode of Popular Network Television. Selena has been commemorated with a museum and a bronze life-sized statue (Mirador de la Flor in Corpus Christi, Texas), which are visited by hundreds of fans each week and has marked her the city as a popular tourist attraction.
Selena is regarded as one of the most widely known Mexican-American vocal artists and most popular Latin artist in the United States. Selena entered ''Billboard's'' "International Latin Music Hall of Fame" in 1995. Selena's posthumous-crossover album ''Dreaming of You'' debuted at number one on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200 chart, it sold more than 330,000 units in its first week, making her the first Latin singer to accomplish this feat. To date, Selena has sold over 25 million copies in the United States and continues to impact music charts worldwide.
Life and career
1971–1989: Early life and career beginnings
Selena was born in Freeport Community Hospital in
Lake Jackson, Texas, as the youngest child of a Mexican-American father,
Abraham Quintanilla Jr. and a half-
Cherokee mother, Marcella Ofelia Samora, and was raised as a
Jehovah's Witness. Before Selena was born, Marcella was told by doctors that she had a
tumor and was subsequently told that it had to be removed. Selena's parents decided to seek for a second opinion before performing the removal. When a second doctor checked Marcella, the doctor found out that she was pregnant. Quintanilla Jr was very strict and forward with his children, he forced his children to perform
cover songs every day. Their efforts at spreading their names and talents paid off in 1985 when the fourteen-year-old Selena recorded her first album for a local record company. Selena had to learn Spanish
phonetically. The album was not sold in stores and her father bought all of the original copies. Freddie Martinez (CEO of ''Freddie Records'') thought that Selena wouldn't be able to bring in large crowds or be successful, because she was a female lead singer in a male-dominated genre of Tejano music. Selena's second studio album ''
The New Girl in Town'' led Selena to appear as musical guests on the
Johnny Canales Show, performing the single "
Oh Mama". She continued her education on the road; at age seventeen she earned a high school diploma from
The American School of Correspondence in
Chicago, Illinois. After graduation, Selena applied to take college courses through
correspondence from a California school; she was accepted in December 1990. The Quintanilla family traveled in an old refurbished bus and named it "Big Bertha". Selena released her third album, ''
Alpha'', in 1986. The following year, Selena released her fourth independent studio album, ''
Muñequito de Trapo'' (''"Rag Doll"''). At the 1987
Tejano Music Awards, Selena won
Female Vocalist of the Year, and dominated the award for the next seven years. After she had won the award, Selena released ''
And the Winner Is...'', that same year. In 1988, she released two albums, ''
Preciosa'' (''Precious'') and ''
Dulce Amor'' (''Sweet Love''). In 1989, José Behar, the former head of
Sony Music Latin, signed Selena with
Capitol/
EMI. He later said that he signed Selena because he thought he had discovered the next
Gloria Estefan. Selena was asked by Sony to sign a contract with them, however Sony had several Tejano artists and at EMI Selena had wanted to be the first artist to sign. Sony offered Quintanilla, Jr. double the amount that EMI was offering. Al Aguilar, president of the
Lionel Sosa agency, declared that Selena was the next
Janet Jackson. Selena was given $145,000 a year from Coca-Cola USA for three Spanish-language commercials in Mexico, including one in English for the United States. Selena was asked by sponsors to appear in beer commercials, but her father turned each one of them down due to Selena's image, which he wanted to keep clean. At the time, Selena was not at the
legal age to consume alcoholic beverages. Two years later, the Quintanilla family hired him to play in Selena's band.
1990–1993: ''Selena'', ''Ven Conmigo'', ''Entre a Mi Mundo'' and Grammy win
Before signing her first major contract with
EMI Latin Records in 1989, Behar and
Stephen Finfer requested Selena for a major
crossover album. Selena recorded "
Only Love", "
Is It the Beat?", and "
Where Did the Feeling Go?" for the heads of EMI Records pop division. Behar's request for a major crossover album was denied by the heads, and Selena was told that in order to sell a major record, she needed a bigger fan base. Behar later stated that he felt that EMI Records and people in general, didn't believe that a Mexican American woman can be of "crossover potential", answering to a question on the reason why the crossover album took so long to be developed. Selena was the first Tejano recording artist to sign a major label and brought other major record labels to sign other Tejano artists. Selena began dominating music awards at the
Tejano Music Awards in any nominated work.
Selena released her self-titled debut album with EMI Latin that same year. Her single "Contigo Quiero Estar" ("With You, I Want To Be") charted on Billboard, becoming Selena's first single to have appear in any music chart. Pete Astudillo joined Selena's band in 1989 and became a back-up singer and backup dancer for Selena during her live appearances, he was also in several duets with Selena. By 1990, Selena was a millionaire and became a spokesperson for the Texas Prevention Partnership, sponsored by the TCADA.
Selena released another album, ''Ven Conmigo'' (''Come With Me''), written by her brother and main songwriter A.B., in the same year. This recording was the first Tejano album recorded by a female artist to achieve gold status. The album remained on Billboard's Regional Mexican Albums for fifty-six weeks, an unprecedented feat for a Tejano act. Selena's works pave way for the "Tejano music movement" in Texas, wider audiences and record sales began to expand awareness for Tejano music. The band also was motorizing Tejano music and making it assailable to younger audiences.
Around the same time, a registered nurse and fan named Yolanda Saldívar attended one of Selena's concerts in San Antonio in 1991. Saldivar was convinced by her friends to give Selena a try, since she originally hated Selena due to winning every award at the Tejano Music Awards. While at the concert Saldivar changed her views on Selena and approached Selena's father with the idea of starting a fan club in San Antonio. Her wish was granted and she became the club's president; later she became the manager of Selena's clothing boutiques. By 1993, the fan club reached 1,500 members in less than four years, the fan club grew to over 5,000. The fan club then went to be one of the largest fan clubs throughout the San Antonio-area. In the summer of 1991, La Mafia, Emilio Navaira and Selena's collaboration "Somos Tejanos" ("We Are Tejanos") drew a crowd of nine thousands to the summit in Houston.
Selena released, ''Entre a Mi Mundo'' (''Enter My World'') in 1992, the album sold 100,000 units, it eventually sold 300,000. The album reached number one on ''Billboard's'' Regional Mexican Albums chart, and earned the accolade as the number-one Regional Mexican Album of The Year. ''Entre a Mi Mundo'' also entered the Top Latin 50 chart, it remained there for sixty-two weeks. Songs from that album, such as "Como La Flor" ("Like a Flower"), became one of Selena's signature songs. The single helped Selena to be accepted in Mexico.
A duet with Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres entitled "Buenos Amigos" ("Good Friends") peaked at number one on ''Billboard'' Hot Latin Tracks and became the singers' first number one hit. The single led Selena to tour in South America, while her other singles "Baila Esta Cumbia" ("Dance To This Cumbia") and "La Carcacha" ("The Jalopy") continued to be a demand in venues across Mexico and most parts of the United States. Her next album ''Selena Live!'' won Best Mexican-American Album at the 36th Grammy Awards. The album surpassed Selena's previous LP record, selling more than two million copies.
Selena's and Pérez's relationship became serious, and the two fell in love with each other. Angered and bewildered, Selena's father tried to keep them apart and even went as far as firing Pérez from the band. Quintanilla, Jr. believed that Selena's relationship and potential marriage to Pérez could harm Selena's career. Despite her father's wishes, Selena kept in touch with Pérez and on April 2, 1992, Selena and Pérez eloped in Nueces County, Texas secretly to avoid her father's wrath. Selena confronted her father the next day after radio stations publicity announced Selena's marriage. Selena's father then accepted the relationship and Pérez in the family; and the two moved in adjacent to Selena's parents house. In 1992, "Selena-fever" was spreading south for the first time. She was booked as featured acts at the Enchilada Festival in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The single "¿Qué Creias?" ("What Did You Think?") became a receptive in Mexico. The success from ''Entre a Mi Mundo'' helped EMI Latin to prepare Selena for a press tour, including a high-profile meet-and-greet conference with music media types in Monterrey, Mexico. The next time she visited Mexico, she drew a crowd of over 70,000 people in La Feria de Nuevo León on September 17, 1993. Selena returned back to Corpus on October 5, throughout her stay in Mexico, Selena was the biggest Tejano act.
After Selena's Grammy win, becoming a recipient of several accolades, sighing a sponsorship tour with Coca-Cola, dominating the Latin music charts and expanding the "Tejano Movement" across the United States, EMI Latin felt that the moment was right for Selena to release a crossover album.
1994–1995: Selena Etc., ''Amor Prohibido'', films, and Crossover attempt
After Selena's Grammy win, she began designing and manufacturing a clothing line in 1994 and opened two
boutiques, one in Corpus Christi and the other in San Antonio. Both were equipped with in-house beauty salons. ''Hispanic Business'' magazine reported that the singer earned over five million dollars from these boutiques. Pérez and co-designer for Selena's clothing, Martin Gomez, elaborated Selena's dream of opening a boutiques, whereas her father and siblings were worried that Selena Etc. would be too hectic to Selena's growing schedule. Several weeks after Selena opened the boutiques, her BMW was stolen and dumped in the ocean. She later replaced the car with a red
Porsche Targa. Around the same time, Astudillo left the band to start his own solo career.
Selena released her next album, ''Amor Prohibido'' (''Forbidden Love''), in 1994. The album was nominated for a Grammy award for Mexican-American Album of the Year. The album stood on Billboard's top-fifty albums, taking the number one and two slots, respectively. "No Me Queda Más" ("There's Nothing Left For Me") and "Amor Prohibido" became the most successful singles of 1994 and 1995 in the United States Latino communities and Mexico. She was also called "The Queen of Tejano music". In May 1994 at the Billboard Latin Music Awards, Selena won best "Regional-Mexican Album" for ''Selena Live!'', as well as best "Regional Mexican Female Artist". The following day at Premio Lo Nuestro Awards, Selena won "Best Female Vocalist", both award ceremonies were held in Miami.
Later that month, "Amor Prohibido" peaked at number one on ''Billboard Hot Latin Tracks''. In December 1994, the album ''Amor Prohibido'' sold more than 400,000 copies, which was "unheard of" for a Tejano artist, Selena and La Mafia were the only Tejano singers to accomplished this feat. Selena also made appearances alongside Erik Estrada in a Latin soap opera titled ''Dos Mujeres, Un Camino''. The appearances were worth twenty million dollars. Selena and her band continued to receive accolades; ''Billboard'''s Premio Lo Nuestro awarded them six prestigious awards including "Best Latin Artist" and "Song of the Year" for "Como La Flor". Coca-Cola released a commemorative bottle in her honor to celebrate their five-year relationship, 4,900 bottles were distributed in Texas and New Mexico, by October 1994 the bottles were sold out.
Around the same time, Selena was signed by Dep Corporation's Agree shampoo, she was also signed to do commercials for Southwestern Bell's Call Notes voice-mail system. Meanwhile, her duet with the Barrio Boyzz, "Donde Quiera Que Estés" ("Wherever You Are"), reached number one in the Billboard Latin Charts. This prompted Selena to tour in New York City, Argentina, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Central America. Selena was given twenty-thousand dollars from Coca-Cola for just saying "I Like Coke". Selena's image helped her to stay in Coca-Cola after the company fired other celebrities only keeping Selena for Coke, Elton John for Diet Coke and Christopher Cross for Sprite. That fall in 1994, Selena was named "La Reina De Tejana" ("''The Queen of Tejano music''") by Vera Cruz upon her arrival for her Mexico tour.
By fall of 1994, ''Amor Prohibido'' was a commercial success in Mexico and made four number one hits, replacing Gloria Estefan's ''Mi Tierra'' on the chart's number one spot. It sold over 400,000 copies by late 1994 in the U.S. and another 50,000 copies in Mexico, reaching gold status. The single "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" was a song that was not originally planned to be recorded, became one of Selena's most famous songs, winning Bertelsmann Music Group's "Song of The Year". At this point, Selena developed plans to record an English-language album, but continued on her Amor Prohibido Tour, while beginning preparations for the album. In January 1995, Selena approached Leonard Wong, a Chinese-Mexican who set up a company to market products by direct sales to the Hispanic community, with an idea to start the Selena perfume line.
In early 1995, Dawn Soler approached Selena if she could do a cameo appearance in the romantic comedy ''Don Juan DeMarco'', starring Marlon Brando, Johnny Depp and Faye Dunaway; she appeared as a background mariachi singer during the first scene. In February 1995, Selena played a concert at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo in the Houston Astrodome, which attracted over 65,000 fans—more than country stars such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire. In March she was the headliner at Miami's Calle Ocho Festival, which attracted over 100,000 fans. She was also negotiating to become one of the stars of a new telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa.
Death
In early 1995, the Quintanillas discovered that Saldívar was
embezzling money from the fan club, and decided to fire her. Around the same time, Saldívar tried to walk in to Selena's recording sessions, but was immediately told by Quintanilla Jr that she was no longer allowed on ''any'' premises that Selena was attending. On the same day, Saldívar went to "A Place To Shoot" in south-San Antonio and bought a
Taurus 45 snub-nosed .38-caliber revolver. Saldívar told the clerk that she needed protection in her job as an in-house nurse carer for terminally ill patients. Saldívar also told the clerk that a family member of one of her patient had threatened her. Two days later, Selena asked Saldívar to accompany her to a
Monterrey, Mexico tour. Saldívar then returned the hand-gun and stated that her father had given her a .22 pistol. While on the trip, Selena began pressuring Saldívar about returning the bank statements that she needed. When they got back, Saldívar bought the gun back. The following week, Saldívar's name was removed as the CEO for Selena's Design House Inc., and she was replaced as fan club president by Irene Herrera. On March 26, 1995, Saldívar stole a perfume sample and more bank statements from Selena in Mexico.
Around midnight on March 30, 1995; Selena and her husband Chris Pérez went by Saldívar's room at the Days Inn hotel in Corpus Christi. Perez waited outside while Selena picked up the missing documents that Selena needed for tax purposes. When Selena and Perez arrived back to their home, Selena found out that there were still some bank statements that were missing. Saldívar later called Selena stating that she had been raped in Mexico, and told Selena to come alone back to the hotel. Selena then agreed to meet up, secretly, with Saldívar the following morning. On the morning of March 31, 1995, Selena met up with Saldivar to retrieve paperwork and missing documents for tax preparations. At the hotel, Selena demanded the missing financial papers. Saldívar delayed the handover by claiming she had been raped in Mexico. The singer drove Saldívar to Doctors' Regional Hospital, where doctors found no evidence of rape. Saldívar returned to the motel where Selena again demanded the missing financial papers.
Selena told Saldívar that she could not be trusted any more. At 11:49 am, Saldívar drew a gun from her purse, pointing it at Selena. As the singer turned and left the room, Saldívar shot her once in the right lower shoulder, severing a major artery which led from Selena's heart, resulting in a massive blood loss. Critically wounded, Selena ran towards the lobby to get help. She collapsed on the floor as the clerk called 911, with Saldívar chasing after her, calling her a "bitch".
Selena ran out of Saldívar's room to the hotel lobby, leaving behind her a trail of blood measuring three-hundred and ninety-two feet. Selena began holding her chest and screaming "Help me! Help me! I've been shot!". Before collapsing to the floor, Selena named Saldívar as her assailant and gave the room number where she had been shot. Meanwhile, Saldivar got into her pick-up truck and attempted to leave the parking lot of the hotel. However, a police cruiser saw the vehicle. Saldivar then backed up and parked her vehicle adjacent to two cars. The police then blocked Saldivar's truck and told Saldivar to come out. Saldivar picked up the pistol and aimed it at her right temple, threatening to commit suicide. The SWAT and the FBI Crisis Negotiation Unit were brought forth.
Selena was pronounced dead at 1:05 p.m due to extensive blood loss and cardiac arrest, two weeks before her 24th birthday and two days before her third anniversary to her husband Perez.
After the stand-off with Saldivar came to its fourth hour, a strategy developed by the FBI helped Saldivar to confess that the shooting was intended for herself. During the sixth hour, Saldivar agreed to give herself up. However, a police officer was aiming a rifle at Saldivar, who then panicked and ran back to her pick-up truck. Saldivar finally gave herself up after keeping police at bay for nearly nine and a half hours. By that time hundreds of fans had gathered at the scene, many of them weeping as police took Saldivar away.
Impact
Selena's death had a widespread impact. Major networks interrupted their regular programming to break the news;
Tom Brokaw referred to Selena as "The Mexican
Madonna". It was front page news on
The New York Times for two days after her death. Numerous vigils and memorials were held in her honor, and radio stations in Texas played her music non-stop. Her funeral, which was held at Seaside Memorial Park, in Corpus Christi, Texas, drew approximately 60,000 mourners, many of whom traveled from outside the United States.
Among the celebrities who were reported to have immediately phoned the Quintanilla family to express their condolences were Gloria Estefan, Celia Cruz, Julio Iglesias and Madonna. ''People'' magazine published a commemorative issue in honor of Selena's memory and musical career, titled ''Selena 1971–1995, Her Life in Pictures''. The issue sold nearly 450,000 copies; two weeks later the company released a special issue for Selena which sold more than 600,000 copies.
A few days later, Howard Stern mocked Selena's murder and burial, poked fun at her mourners, and criticized her music. Stern said, "This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul... Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth." Stern's comments outraged and infuriated the Hispanic community across Texas. After a disorderly conduct arrest warrant was issued in his name, Stern later made an on-air apology, in Spanish, for his comments. Two weeks after her death, on April 12, George W. Bush, then Governor of Texas, declared Selena's birthday April 16 as "Selena Day" in Texas. Selena was inducted into the "Latin Music Hall of Fame" in 1995.
That summer, Selena's album ''Dreaming of You'', a combination of Spanish-language songs and new English-language tracks, debuted at number one on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200, making her the first Hispanic singer to accomplish this feat and the second highest debut after Michael Jackson's ''HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I''. On its release date, the album sold over 175,000 copies, a record for a female pop singer, and it sold two million copies in its first year.
''Dreaming of You'' sold more than 330,000 copies in its first week. The album also was number 75 in the List of BMG Music Club's top selling albums in the United States. Songs such as "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" were played widely by mainstream English-language radio, with the latter reaching number 21 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Meanwhile, "I Could Fall in Love", while ineligible for the Hot 100 at the time, reached number 8 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and the top 10 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. "Dreaming of You" was certified triple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. She was also the first recording artist to placed five Spanish-language albums simultaneously on ''Billboard'' 200. In October 1995, a Houston jury convicted Saldívar of first degree murder and sentenced her to life in prison, with the possibility of parole in thirty years.
The gun used to kill Selena was later destroyed and the pieces thrown into Corpus Christi Bay in 2002.
Legacy
Jennifer Lopez played Selena in a 1997 biographical film. Directed by Gregory Nava, the biopic opened with mostly positive reviews. Over 24,000 people auditioned for the leading role in the movie. Selena's fans supported the movie, and Lopez's acting in the film helped elevate her career. Although Lopez succeeded as a pop star a few years later, Selena's voice was dubbed in for all the songs in the movie. For her role, Lopez was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Actress in a Musical. Selena was among two other Latin artists who had the best sales of records for the year 1999. Selena's life was also the basis of the musical ''Selena Forever'' starring Veronica Vazquez as Selena.
Reliant Stadium in Houston hosted a tribute concert, ''Selena ¡VIVE!'', on April 7, 2005. Held a week after the 10th anniversary of her death, over 65,000 fans attended the concert, which featured high-profile artists including Gloria Estefan, Pepe Aguilar, Thalía, Paulina Rubio, Ana Bárbara, Alejandra Guzmán, Ana Gabriel, and Fey. The artists performed renditions of Selena's music, as did her brother, A.B. Quintanilla, who performed with his band Kumbia Kings backed with footage of Selena singing "Baila Esta Cumbia". Broadcast live on the Univision network, ''Selena ¡VIVE!'' is the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language show in American television history. The show, which lasted over three hours, scored a 35.9 Nielsen household rating. The American Bank Center in Corpus Christi named their 2,526-seat concert auditorium, Selena Auditorium, in her memory.
Tejano music has not recovered since the death of Selena whose appeal extended beyond the Tejano genre: Such celebrities as Beyoncé, Myra, Paula DeAnda, 3LW, Christina Aguilera, Shakira, Nadia López, Diana Reyes, Ivy Queen, Fanny Lú, Don Omar, Kat Deluna, Eva Longoria, Wyclef Jean, Daddy Yankee, Aventura, Jennifer Pena, David Archuleta, The Cheetah Girls, Lila Downs, Tito Nieves, Manny Manuel, Girl in a Coma, Malverde, Angel y Khriz, Karen Rodriguez, Sara Tavares, Prince Royce, Bruno Mars, Frankie J, Perez Hilton, Katy Perry, Ashlee Simpson, Q'orianka Kilcher, and Enrique Iglesias have identified themselves as fans of her. Selena has retained great devotion from many fans. Mexican-American singer-actress Selena Gomez was named after Selena, and expressed that Selena means a lot to her and her family. Selena's music is also favored among LGBT Americans, as her songs continue to share spins at gay clubs around North America and at gay pride events.
Selena's legacy, music and life have been covered in Oprah Winfrey's ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', George Lopez's ''Lopez Tonight'', María Celeste Arrarás's ''Selena's Secret: The Revealing Story Behind Her Tragic Death'' and various English and Spanish specials that included Dave Holmes, Nick Lachey, Mariah Carey, Lola Ogunnaike who briefly talks about Selena's death. Selena also has been covered in many documentary shows on VH1, MTV and A&E;, such as, ''E! True Hollywood Story'', and ''Famous Crime Scene''. Selena's life was also covered in The Biography Channel's ''Biography'' and ''Notorious''. In the Spanish market, Selena's biography usually airs annually around the anniversary of her death on the Univision and Telemundo networks.
Selena's music has been covered in Portuguese (by Sara Tavares), Vietnamese (by Phương Thanh), Finnish (by Meiju Suvas), Tagalog (by Filipino singer Quamo), Dutch by Kelly Hensen, and Spanish by various artists. Various artists perform songs that were influenced by or written for Selena, for example, Ana Ortiz and Hip-Hop rapper Ice. The soundtrack song "One More Time" by Lil' Ray was inspired by Selena and was included in the ''Selena'' movie soundtrack in 1997.
On March 16, 2011, Selena was honored with a U.S. postage stamp, as part of the Latin Legends Collection. She was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by ''Billboard'', for her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits.
On April 13, 2011, A.B. Quintanilla announced that he will use unreleased a cappella tracks of his sister's voice on his upcoming project to help keep her memory alive. Selena is regarded as one of the most widely known Mexican-American vocal artists and most popular Latin artist in the United States. Selena has sold over 21 million copies in the United States.
Artistry
Music and voice
Selena's music is generally
Tejano music, she also had incorporated ballads, pop, contemporary R&B;, mariachi, rancheras and cumbia into her songs. While she almost exclusively released Spanish songs, Selena recorded several English songs for her crossover attempt ''Dreaming of You'' (1995). Selena had cited
Luis Miguel,
Gloria Estefan, Vincente Fernandez, Chelo Silva,
The Pretenders,
Cyndi Lauper,
Donna Summer, Fito Olivares,
Lydia Mendoza,
Janet Jackson,
Paula Abdul,
Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam and
Madonna as her musical inspirations. Selena's native tongue was English, however her father wanted her to sing in Spanish in order to know where her roots came from. Selena had artistically been involved in her career, even though her brother A.B. writes and produces her music. Selena cited herself and her family as involvements in her music career, stating that "it's a family-thing". A.B.'s role as the producer of Selena's music, was never frustrating because A.B. knew Selena's taste in ballad-influenced grooves with a Latin twist. Although a family-orientated band, Selena and her siblings never tried to be better or competitive with each other and had respect for their parents. Selena's
signature themes about living and enjoying life such as
Baila Esta Cumbia, "
A Million to One", and
No Quiero Saber, and personally driven and female-empowerment themed compositions; "Si La Quieres", "
Si Una Vez", "
¿Qué Creias?", "
No Me Queda Más", "
Ya Ves" and "Ya No" which talks about how a women are wrongfully treated by men and how women should just forget about their wrongful relationship and just value family and themselves, the singles helped shape her contributions for battered women in abusive relationships, which she was a spokeswomen for in Texas. Some of her songs are autobiographical, which are taken from personal experiences, as well as her relationship with her husband Perez. The single ''¿Qué Creias?'' was noted as showcasing Selena's vocal range and contrasting Lucha Villa, emoting with a complete lack of restraint. Whereas some of her songs were regrets Selena had dealt with like "
La Carcacha" which talked about teenage romance.
Selena possessed a
mezzo-soprano vocal range that spanned two octaves,
three notes and
A semitone. ''
Entertainment Weekly'', David Browne expressed that "[...] whether Selena is belting out at traditional ballads or tropical fantasies that she evokes lust and passion which he believed were both absent from her English tracks."
Browne reviewed "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)" as a playful, galloping duet that hints at what the right producer, a fewer commercial concerns, could have done for Selena's "sadly never-to-be-realized crossover dreams". ''Billboard'' stated that "Dreaming of You" captured Selena stepping from her Tejano roots into today's world of Anglo pop. ''Vibe'' stated that [''Dreaming of You''] was a brief recap of her cumbia flavored, Tex-Mex excellent poignant glimpse of the path the album was taking at the time of its release.
During recording sessions, Selena would usually take less than three attempts to record a single song. Selena told a reporter that her crossover album was taking a year to be produced. She later contrast her Spanish-language albums, stating that her brother; A.B., would produced and arrange her music and that she would later sing her parts. She later said that it would take one month to record a full-length album. Selena also told the reporter that with pressing it would take three months for a full-length album to be released.
During a Coca-Cola television spot, she had done in Los Angeles, California, Selena encountered Timmy T who was a Puerto Rican radio freestyle performer and musician, and another male singer from New York, who were working on a commercial with Ruben Cubillos. Selena, Timmy T and the second male singer were all given segments of a song to sing. Selena only took two attempts and blew out the competition. One day in middle-March 1995, Perez was working with a half-Puerto Rican and half-Dominican singer Nando "Guero" Dominguez for an upcoming Rock project. During the time of recording Dominguez was having problems tuning the song and Selena decided to help him out by recording the song without tune on tape with a record player. Selena added her vocals in less than twenty-four hours. The song "Puede Ser" became Selena's final recorded song. John Lannert, stated that Selena had a voice that was simultaneously virile and vulnerable, he also stated that "if you hear Selena, you would not confuse her with anybody else". During a concert with a crowd mixed with Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Nicaraguans and Caribbean Latinos, who sang along to Selena's songs; Selena was given credit for transcended Tejano music.
Selena displayed the statement that just because she had wore sexy outfits that it shouldn't dictate who she really is as a person.
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''People'' editor, Betty Cortina exclaimed that Selena had a glamors, beautiful and young face on a genre that wasn't too big and dusty. Selena had never let fame interfere with spending time with her family, friends, and fans. Selena also never back-down from a single autograph. When asked by Jose Behar, that Selena should be at the Grammy's, Selena responded "That's for Superstars Jose, I'm not that". Behar, stated that Selena wasn't like other high-profile artists who were caught up with the glamours life and forgot their roots, Selena felt that she was never "big" in the music industry and even downed herself as a minority. A photographer, John Dyer, was asked by ''Más magazine'' to shoot several images of Selena for an upcoming front-cover article. Selena was asked to change her traditional make-up to a more dominatrix look, since Selena came in with a tight black-leather pants and a bustier, however, Selena insisted that her make-up should stay apparent in order to calm down her father.
The photographers instated that Selena was great, real, up and bouncy and never made the photographers feel that they were taking advantage of her. They also reinstated that Selena wasn't cynical, standoffish, or haughty, which they said "nothing you'd expect from someone of her stature". During the interview for Más magazine, Selena told the interviewer that she is too open with anybody and that she constantly gets hurt by her friends. She also told the interviewer that she is "stupid" because she trust people so easily. Selena never liked talking openly about religion or politics because of problems that she believed would arise. She also believed in the quote "The family that plays together, stays together". Selena was known to act more like a fan than a Grammy-winner, while be star-struck in front of her idols after winning her first Grammy Award in 1993.
Around 1994, Saldivar began keeping fans away from Selena and pretending to be a body guard for her. Selena's father disliked Salvadar's attitude towards her. Selena's audiences of young girls viewed Selena as a barbie-doll and an idol. Selena was described as the "Mexican siren" with cinnamon skin, arched eyebrows and a painted face to Selena's young female admirers, whereas Selena was described as the sultry temptress, who tantalized the men and boys by exposing her bare midriff and accentuating her breasts with busters and her ''nalgas'' with tight-fitting pants. Selena was also described by others as a businesswomen who sublimated her sexuality to emphasize mind over body. A blind fan who knew Selena's songs by heart sung them at a talent show, and made a wish to feel Selena. When Selena was told about the little girls' wish, Selena immediately went to her and hold the blind girls' hand. While reuniting with an old colleague from the third grade, Selena was asked to talk about her music, Selena then quickly told her "I don't want to bored you with all that" and asked excitedly about their neighborhood friends and how they were doing.
Selena's old friend later said that Selena was so "down to Earth" and was always asking how their friends were doing, rather than talking about her music. Brain "Red" Moore, who is an employee for Q-Productions, told The Biography Channel that Selena treated everyone equally, and that "you felt that you know her". John Lannert, for ''Billboard'' magazine, also told Biography, that Selena was one of the "good ones" and that she will never die. Coca-Cola admitted that Selena had "unique traits, all of the qualities that we wanted, that Coca-Cola wanted" and also stating during an interview that Selena's contract wasn't like all the other contracts that they had made. Coca-Cola stated that usually when they sign a contract, the contract ends in a year, Selena's contract was extended because Coca-Cola felt that Selena was "enduring". A Coca-Cola Representative remembered Selena as "Where I was was or where I saw her-she would be in a crowd of people or she would be backstage surrounded by a whole bunch of folks-and if I walked into the room she would stand up and come over and shake my hand and hug me ans say 'Mr. Aguilar it is so wonderful to see you again.' With stars, it's usually the complete opposite: they are the center of the universe".
Selena asked her nine-year old neighbor to help her search for her missing dog, she promised to take him out for dinner. She also gave out cup-cakes to children in her neighborhood. One day at Olive Garden in Corpus, Selena encountered an old lady eating by herself, Selena, who felt bad, paid for the lady's meal and told a waitress if she can give the lady a cake that they give out on people's birthdays. During concerts Selena would worry if anyone would show up, she would always ask her father if anyone even showed up, even during her peak as a artist. Selena's fan base, were people who were "shut-off" from the rest of the world, and were minorities. Selena was credited for given them a voice and power to do anything that they set their mind too. She also asked workers there if she could help out with passing food and favors for the passengers, because she was bored and had wanted to help out, she was then allowed and had put on an apron. While serving food, pillows and other asked items from the passengers, Selena gave compliments to each person she had encountered.
Products and endorsements
In 1989, Selena signed a contract with Coca-Cola for televised commercials and bottles under her name. Selena recorded two tracks for Coca-Cola that was televised in both English and Spanish. In 1993, Selena opened her own clothing line in Corpus Christi and in Mexico. The store once sold extensive line of wear for adults, children, and infants that are styled from hats and caps to shirts and sweaters. In 1992, Selena signed a contract for Dep Corporation's "Agree Shampoo" she made several televised commercials in the United States. Robert Trevino signed Selena to the ''Agree shampoo''. The company released a promotional poster, which became one of Selena's final professional photos taken before her death, throughout Mexico and the United States. The poster entitled "She Sings With The Angels" was displayed below the poster in both English and Spanish. After the release of "''Amor Prohibido''" (1994), Selena was asked to appear in a commercial for "Call Notes".
Selena's boutiques began carrying her six sets of perfumes and nail polishes, which some were under the names of Selena's top hits. A total of fourteen phone cards with Selena's picture or logo displayed on them, were sold soon after Selena's death. In 1995, JC Penny released a promotional poster that had a Selena drawing that was featured at all JC Penny stores, the poster also included a brief biography of Selena. Sears began carrying Selena's clothing line. In 1996, an official "Selena Plate" was released to the public. In late 1996, Coca-Cola released four plastic cups which was a promotion to sell Selena's posthumous album "Siempre Selena" (1996) and to help fund The Selena Foundation. In 2006, Premiere Postage released a full line of Selena stamps using both the ''Agree Shampoo'' photo shoot and a ''Simepre Selena'' picture, the stamps had another photo of Selena's "All My Hits" album and a "Classic Series" album photo. The stamps had either "Forever In our Hearts" or the Selena logo.
On March 16, 2011; The United States Post Office released a "Latin Legends" stamp for Selena, Carlos Gardel, Tito Puente, Celia Cruz and Carmen Miranda in memory.
Selena had four first edition dolls and three second edition dolls, which were first released in 1999. The Selena dolls were released under Selena's ''Billboard'' chart hits, similar to her perfumes. In 2008, Q-Productions added several collectible merchandise to their catalog.
Philanthropy
During Selena's childhood, Selena helped out with charities such as
Toys for Tots, they gave Selena an award for her outstanding efforts. Selena attended and educated a gathering of two-hundred high school students in Fulmore Junior High School in
Austin, about positive attitudes and setting life-goals for achievements in their adult life. She also warned them that if they drop out of high school, they will be frying
McDonald's french fries. During the aftermath of
Hurricane Andrew in October 1992, Selena organized a
benefit concert in Houston for Florida victims. Over 21,000 people attended the concert, while other Tejano artists joined Selena to raise money. Selena urged children to stay in school throughout her talk sessions in
school districts in Texas, she also told children that alcohol and drugs will lead them nowhere in life. In August 1994, Selena hosted a
charity baseball game to raise money.
Despite her busy schedule, Selena visited local schools to talk to students about the importance of education. She also donated her time to civic organizations such as D.A.R.E. and planned a fund raising concert to help AIDS patients. These demonstrations of community involvement won her loyalty from her fan base. In January 1995, Selena headlined the Teach the Children festival in the Mercado in San Antonio. The concert funded a non-profit program to provide school supplies to needy children. On February 7, 1993, Selena held a free concert to a crowd of over 3,000 in the Memorial Coliseum in Corpus. The concert was later released as "Selena Live!". Selena began performing free concerts for children, elders, and other fans who couldn't show up at Selena's other concerts either because they were poor or couldn't make it. She also held free concerts to students. Selena was a spokesperson for battered woman who were in a abusive relationship. Selena was also giving out funds for the HIV/AIDS research programs. Selena helped out at homeless shelters for children and adults.
Back-up vocalist, Astudillo told in an interview that, Selena would take several hours just signing autographs to everyone who showed up. He also stated that, Selena would also say something nice to every single person who approached her for an autograph. Selena gave children around her neighborhood rides on a go-cart that she had purchased.
Selena Foundation
''The Selena Foundation'' was established in May 1995 by Selena's family, who received donations shortly after Selena's death in 1995. The foundation is a charitable organization with its primary mission of helping children in crisis. The foundation is also involved with the needs of the poor, elderly, and other organizations with regards to improving equipment in local public schools. The foundation raises money through
donations, and the sale of
Selena albums, and items from the
Q-Productions store that are targeted for donations. The foundation operates the Selena Museum in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Discography
;Independent studio albums
''Mis Primeras Grabaciones'' (1984)
''The New Girl in Town'' (1985)
''Alpha'' (1986)
''Muñequito de Trapo'' (1987)
''And the Winner Is...'' (1987)
''Preciosa'' (1988)
''Dulce Amor'' (1988)
;Studio albums
''Selena'' (1989)
''Ven Conmigo'' (1990)
''Entre a Mi Mundo'' (1992)
''Selena Live!'' (1993)
''Amor Prohibido'' (1994)
''Dreaming of You'' (1995)
Filmography
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ;
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=5 style="background:#b0c4de;" | Film
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#ccc;" | Year
! style="background:#ccc;" | Film
! style="background:#ccc;" | Role
! style="background:#ccc;" | Notes
! style="background:#ccc;" | Gross revenue
|-
|1995
| ''
Don Juan DeMarco''
| Ranchera singer
|
Minor role
| $22,150,451
|-
|1997
| ''
Selena''
| based upon her life
|The film was based on Selena's childhood and her young adult life and her struggles to become a professional singer.
| $35,281,794
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=5 style="background:#b0c4de;" | Television
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#ccc;" | Year
! style="background:#ccc;" | Title
! style="background:#ccc;" | Role
! style="background:#ccc;" | Notes
! style="background:#ccc;" | Views (millions)
|-
| 1985–1995
| ''Johnny Canales Show''
|rowspan="3"|
herself
|rowspan="3"|
TV appearances
|rowspan="8"|
n/a
|-
| 1987–1995
| ''
Tejano Music Awards''
|-
| 1993
| ''
Dos mujeres, un camino''
|-
| 1997
| ''The Making of
Selena the Movie''
|rowspan="6"|
Special
|
Jennifer Lopez and the cast of ''Selena'' talk about dance rehearsals, make-up, and other training they had to endure in order to create the film.
|-
| 1998
| ''Por Siempre Selena''
|rowspan="6"|
Specials
|-
| 1998
| ''E! True Hollywood Story: The Murder Trial of Selena''
|-
| 1999
| ''VH1 All Access: Selena''
|-
| 2000
| ''Para Siempre Selena''
|-
| 2001–present
| ''Por Siempre... Selena''
| 3.03m
|-
| 2005
| ''
Selena ¡VIVE!''
|
honoree
| 35.9m
|-
| 2008
| ''Biography''
| TV series (2 episodes)
|rowspan="4"|
Specials
|
n/a
|-
| 2009
|Simplemente Selena
|
Special
| 2.2m
|-
| 2009
| ''Top Trece''
| TV series (1 episode)
|rowspan="5"|
n/a
|-
| 2009
| ''Historia de una Leyenda''
| TV series (1 episode)
|-
| 2010
| ''Famous Crime Scene: Selena''
|TV series (1 episode)
|
featured
|}
Tours
Selena Live! Tour (1993–94)
Amor Prohibido Tour (1994–95)
See also
List of honorific titles in popular music
List of best-selling music artists
List of awards and nominations received by Selena
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
Further reading
References
External links
Official website
Selena at Find A Grave
Category:1971 births
Category:1995 deaths
Category:A.B. Quintanilla
Category:Actors from Texas
Category:American child singers
Category:American dance musicians
Category:American fashion designers
Category:American female models
Category:American female singers
Category:American film actors
Category:American folk singers
Category:American mezzo-sopranos
Category:American murder victims
Category:American music video directors
Category:American musicians of Mexican descent
Category:American people of Mexican descent
Category:American people of Cherokee descent
Category:American pop singers
Category:American record producers
Category:American rhythm and blues singers
Category:American television actors
Category:Capitol Records artists
Category:Cumbia musicians
Category:Deaths from bleeding
Category:Deaths by firearm in Texas
Category:English-language singers
Category:Grammy Award winners
Category:Hispanic and Latino American actors
Category:Latin dance singers
Category:Latin pop singers
Category:Los Dinos members
Category:Mariachi musicians
Category:Murdered musicians
Category:Murdered entertainers
Category:People from Houston, Texas
Category:People murdered in Texas
Category:Performers of religious music
Category:Polka musicians
Category:Pop folk singers
Category:Ranchera singers
Category:Rock en Español musicians
Category:Spanish-language singers
Category:Tejano pop musicians
Category:Tropical musicians
Category:Hispanic and Latino American female models
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