Grimm often refers to the German Brothers Grimm, their collection, known as Grimm's Fairy Tales, and derivative works such as:

''Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics'', a cartoon based on their tales

''The Brothers Grimm'', a 2005 film directed by Terry Gilliam

''American McGee's Grimm'', a computer game inspired by the fairytales, and its protagonist

''Grimm (role-playing game)'', an RPG game system published by Fantasy Flight Games

''Grimm'' (film), a 2003 Dutch film directed by Alex van Warmerdam

Grimm (TV series), an upcoming TV series.

It may also refer to:

Characters

Benjamin Grimm, Marvel Comics superhero The Thing

Sister Grimm, another Marvel character

Hans Grimm, a pilot in the ''Ace Combat'' series of games

Grimm, the dog in the comic strip ''Mother Goose and Grimm''

Grimm, a character played by Bill Murray in ''Quick Change''

Grimm, a character from the game ''Advance Wars: Dual Strike''

People

the Brothers Grimm themselves, Jakob and Wilhelm

and also

Alexander Grimm, German canoer

Christian Grimm, current German professional footballer

Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm (1723–1807), a writer of the Age of Enlightenment

GM Grimm, formerly known as MF Grimm, a New York rapper

Grimm December, Filmmaker

Marco Grimm, former German professional footballer

Matthew Grimm, American rock musician, former frontman and primary songwriter for New York roots rock band The Hangdogs, currently a solo artist

Robert Grimm, socialist

Rudolf Grimm, physicist

Russ Grimm, American football player

Samuel Hieronymus Grimm, an 18th century Swiss artist

Warren Grimm, Lt. US Army, AEF Siberia, American Legion Post Commander, first victim of the Centralia Massacre (Washington)

Wendelin Grimm, American farmer, developed North America's first winter-hardy alfalfa

de:Grimm es:Grimm fr:Grimm ko:그림 (동음이의) lt:Grimas (reikšmės) nl:Grimm ja:グリム pt:Grimm ru:Гримм

The Brothers Grimm ( or ''''), Jacob Grimm (January 4, 1785 – September 20, 1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (February 24, 1786 – December 16, 1859), were German academics, linguists and cultural researchers who collected folklore and published several collections of it as Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular. Jacob also did academic work in philology, related to how the sounds in words shift over time (Grimm's law); he was also a lawyer whose legal work, ''German Legal Antiquities'' () in 1828, made him a valuable source of testimony about the origin and meaning of much legal historical idiom usage and symbolism. They can be counted along with Karl Lachmann and Georg Friedrich Benecke as founding fathers of Germanic philology and German studies. Late in life they undertook the compilation of the first German dictionary: Wilhelm died in December 1859, having completed the letter D; Jacob survived his brother by nearly four years, completing the letters A, B, C and E, and was working on Frucht (fruit) when he collapsed at his desk.

The first collection of fairy tales ''Children's and Household Tales'' (() was published in 1812 and it contained more than 200 fairy tales. Some collections of the stories had already been written by Charles Perrault in the late 1600s, with somewhat unexpected versions. In the original published forms, the Grimm's fairy tales were dark and violent, in contrast to the lighter, modern "Disney versions" of those tales.

They are among the best-known story tellers of European folk tales, and their work popularized such stories as "Cinderella" (Aschenputtel), "The Frog Prince" (Der Froschkönig), "Hansel and Gretel" (Hänsel und Gretel), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (Rumpelstilzchen), "Sleeping Beauty" (Dornröschen), and "Snow White" (Schneewittchen).

Life

Origin and early life

Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm (also Karl) and Wilhelm Karl Grimm were born on 4 January 1785 and 24 February 1786 respectively, in the Wolfgang section of Hanau, Germany near Frankfurt in Hessen, the sons of Philipp Wilhelm Grimm, a jurist and bailiff with offices at Schlüchtern and Steinau, originally from Hanau, and Dorothea Grimm, née Zimmer, a former neighbor and the daughter of an apothecary. They were among a family of nine children, six of whom survived infancy. Their early childhood was spent in the countryside. The Grimm family lived near the magistrate's house between 1790 and 1796 while the father was employed by the Prince of Hessen.

When the eldest brother, Jakob, was 11 years old, their father, Philip Wilhelm, died and the family moved into a cramped urban residence. Two years later, the children's grandfather also died, leaving their mother to struggle to support them in reduced circumstances. "They urged fidelity to the spoken text, without embellishments, and though it has been shown that they did not always practice what they preached, the idealized 'orality' of their style was much closer to reality than the literary retellings previously thought necessary." Others argue that "scholars and psychiatrists have thrown a camouflaging net over the stories with their relentless, albeit fascinating, question of 'What does it mean?'" Another possible environmental influence can be discerned in the selection of stories such as ''The Twelve Brothers'', which mirrors the collectors' family structure of one girl and several brothers overcoming opposition.

Kassel and educational career

Both brothers Jakob and Wilhelm were educated at the Friedrichs-Gymnasium in Kassel and later both studied law at the University of Marburg. There they were inspired by their professor Friedrich von Savigny, who awakened an interest in the past. They were in their early twenties when they began the linguistic and philological studies that would culminate in both Grimm's law and their collected editions of fairy and folk tales. Though their collections of tales became immensely popular, they were essentially a by-product of the linguistic research, which was the brothers' primary goal.

In 1808, Jakob Grimm was appointed court librarian to the King of Westphalia. In 1812 the brothers published their first volume of fairy tales, ''Tales of Children and the Home''. They had collected the stories from peasants and villagers; they were also aided by their close friend August von Haxthausen. In their collaboration, Jacob did more of the research, while Wilhelm, less sturdy in stature and intellect, put the work into a literary form that would appeal to children and the masses. They were also interested in folklore and primitive literature. In 1816 Jacob became a librarian in Kassel, where Wilhelm was also employed. Between 1816 and 1818, they published two volumes of German legends and a volume of early literary history.

The German Grammar

In time, the brothers became interested in older languages and their relation to German. Jakob began to specialize in the history and structure of the Germanic languages, devising a theory that became known as Grimm's law, based on immense amounts of data. In 1825, Wilhelm Grimm married Henriette Dorothea (Dortchen) Wild, (Jakob never married and lived most of his life in his brother's home). In 1830, they moved together to Göttingen, where both secured positions at the University of Göttingen. Jakob was named professor and head librarian in 1830, Wilhelm a professor in 1835.

In 1837, the Brothers Grimm joined five of their colleague professors at the University of Göttingen, later known as the Göttingen Seven, in protesting against the abrogation of the liberal constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by King Ernest Augustus I, the reactionary son of King George III. They were fired from their university posts and three were deported, including Jakob Grimm, who with Wilhelm settled in Kassel, outside Ernest's realm, at the home of their brother Ludwig. However, the next year brought an invitation to Berlin from the King of Prussia.

German Dictionary

Jacob and Wilhelm were ignored in the appointment of a chief librarian place in Kassel. A year later, in 1830 the two brothers moved away from Kassel to Göttingen, where they had also a common household. They spent time in writing a definitive dictionary, the German Dictionary, in German: ''Deutsches Wörterbuch'', the first volume being published in 1854. The work was carried on by future generations. Jacob then got a job as a librarian and professor of German Classical Studies. His brother William was also a librarian in Göttingen and a year later, Associate Professor. In his teaching, Wilhelm was often compromised by disease. Around 1832, the first volume of Jacob Grimm's "German Mythology" (Vol. 2: 1844, Volume 3: 1854) was published. This edition had an inspiring effect on many fairy tales and legends collectors. (retrieved 28-03-2011)

Between then and 1837, Jacob published two more volumes of "German Grammar". The two brothers then dealt with animal fables and in the same year, 1834, Jacob Grimm finalized a work he began in 1811, "Reinhart (Reineke) Fox", which was the first publication of this traditional animal epic, and the first coherent documentation of its vernacular versions. Subsequently, in 1835 he published his work on "German Mythology"; in this work Jacob examined pre-Christian beliefs and superstitions. This work had enormous influence on the research of myths. The third edition of the Children's and Household Tales was written in 1837 by Wilhelm alone. In 1838, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their joint work on the German dictionary. (retrieved 28-03-2011)

Grimms Tales

The Brothers Grimm began collecting folk tales around 1806, in response to a wave of awakened interest in German folklore that followed the publication of Ludwig Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano's folksong collection ''Des Knaben Wunderhorn'' ("The Youth's Magic Horn"), 1805–08. By 1810 the Grimms produced a manuscript collection of several dozen tales, which they had recorded by inviting storytellers to their home and transcribing what they heard. Although they were said to have collected tales from peasants, many of their informants were middle-class or aristocratic, recounting tales they had heard from their servants. Several of the informants were of Huguenot ancestry and told tales that were French in origin.

In 1812, the Brothers published a collection of 86 German fairy tales in a volume titled ''Kinder- und Hausmärchen'' (Children's and Household Tales). They published a second volume of 70 fairy tales in 1814 ("1815" on the title page), which together make up the first edition of the collection, containing 156 stories. They wrote a two-volume work titled ''Deutsche Sagen'', which included 585 German legends; these were published in 1816 and 1818. The legends are organized in the chronological order of historical events to which they were related. The brothers arranged the regional legends thematically for each folktale creature, such as dwarfs, giants, monsters, etc. not in any historical order. These legends were not as popular as the fairytales.

A second edition of the Children's and Household Tales followed in 1819–22, expanded to 170 tales. Five more editions were issued during the Grimms' lifetimes, in which stories were added or subtracted. The seventh edition of 1857 contained 211 tales. Many of the changes were made in light of unfavorable reviews, particularly those that objected that not all the tales were suitable for children, despite the title. The tales were also criticized for being insufficiently ''German''; this not only influenced the tales the brothers included, but their language. They changed "fee" (fairy) to an enchantress or wise woman, every prince to a king's son, every princess to a king's daughter. (It has long been recognized that some of these later-added stories were derived from printed rather than oral sources.) These editions, equipped with scholarly notes, were intended as serious works of folklore. The Brothers also published the Small Edition (German: ''Kleine Ausgabe''), containing a selection of 50 stories expressly designed for children (as opposed to the more formal Large Edition (German: ''Große Ausgabe''). Ten printings of the "small edition" were issued between 1825 and 1858.

The Grimms were not the first to publish collections of folktales. There were others, including a German collection by Johann Karl August Musäus published in 1782–87. The earlier collections, however, made little pretence to strict fidelity to sources. The Brothers Grimm were the first workers in this genre to present their stories as faithful renditions of the kind of direct folkloric materials that underlay the sophistication of an adapter like Perrault. In so doing, the Grimms took a basic and essential step toward modern folklore studies, leading to the work of folklorists like Peter and Iona Opie and others.

The Grimms' method was common in their historical era. Arnim and Brentano edited and adapted the folksongs of ''Des Knaben Wunderhorn''; in the early 19th century Brentano collected folktales in much the same way as the Grimms. The early researchers were working before academic practices for such collections had been codified.

Linguistics

In the very early 19th century, the time in which the Brothers Grimm lived, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation had recently dissolved, and the modern nation of Germany did not exist. In its place was a confederacy of 39 small- to medium-size German states, many of which had been newly created by Napoleon as client states. The major unifying factor for the German people of the time was a common language. Part of what motivated the Brothers in their writings and in their lives was the desire to help create a German identity.

Less well known to the general public outside of Germany is the Brothers' work on a German dictionary, the ''Deutsches Wörterbuch''. It was extensive, having 33 volumes and weighing 84 kg (185 lbs). It is still considered the standard reference for German etymology. Work began in 1838, but by the end of their lifetime, only sections from the letter 'A' to part of the letter 'F' were completed. The work was not considered complete until 1960.

Jacob is recognized for enunciating Grimm's law, the Germanic Sound Shift, that was first observed by the Danish philologist Rasmus Christian Rask. Grimm's law was the first non-trivial systematic sound change to be discovered.

Books, film and television

From the 1930s to the present, there were many Grimms' fairy tales, best known stories have been adapted as animated feature films by Walt Disney Animation Studios and for many other media. Hansel and Gretel is no exception having had numerous opera, movies, and television adaptations such as Snow White (1937), ''Cinderella'' (1950)in which the evil sisters had their eyes pecked out, ''Sleeping Beauty'' (1959), ''The Princess and the Frog'' (2009), an adaptation of "The Frog Prince", furthermore also ''Tangled'' (2010), an adaptation of "Rapunzel", a live action adaptation of "Snow White", tentatively titled ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'', is in development at the Disney Studios, with Francis Lawrence, the director of ''I Am Legend'', at the helm. Henry Levin and George Pal had in the 1962's the United States movie ''The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm'' released, with a cast including Barbara Eden, Russ Tamblyn, Yvette Mimieux and other high-profile stars of the time. Directed by Henry Levin, the movie intertwined a fictionalised version of the Grimm brothers' lives as young men with fantasy productions of some of their fairy tales (directed by George Pal). It went on to win the 1963 Oscar for costume design and was nominated in several other categories, there were one of the highest grossing films.

A made-for-TV musical called ''Once Upon a Brothers Grimm'' was released in 1977, aired in the United States. It starred Dean Jones as Jakob and Paul Sand as Wilhelm. The basic plot presented the brothers traveling and getting lost in a forest, and encountering various characters from the tales that made them famous. In the late 1980s and early 1990s Nickelodeon aired a cartoon series called "Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics" as a part of its daytime Nick Jr. block. It was originally broadcast in Japan as "Gurimu Meisaku Gekijou". In 1998, in the movie ''Ever After'', the Grimm Brothers visit an elderly woman, the Grande Dame of France, who questions their version of the Cinderella story. The Brothers Grimm reply that there was no way for them to verify the authenticity of their story as there were so many different versions. She proceeds to tell the story of "Danielle De Barbarac".

The Grimme Prize-nominated German TV crime thriller, titled ''A Murderous Fairytale'' (Ein mörderisches Märchen) was produced in 2001, used elements of Brothers Grimm fairytales. In the film directed by Manuel Siebenmann, which was written by Daniel Martin Eckhart, the elderly killer challenges the detectives with a series of Brothers Grimm fairytale riddles. Comic book writer Bill Willingham created in 2002 the comic book ''Fables'', which includes characters from ''fables'' as the main characters. Many of these characters are among those collected by the Grimm brothers. The author Michael Buckley began a popular young reader's series (geared for age 7–12) titled ''The Sisters Grimm'' in 2005, in which the two characters, sisters, are the direct descendants of the Brothers Grimm. They discover the family secret in which the fairy tales told in their ancestor's stories are not fictional, but instead are documentations of fairy-tale encounters. The brothers brought all of the characters to New York to escape prosecution. The sisters solve mysteries inside the town the characters are trapped in. Also in 2005 ''The Brothers Grimm'', a film directed by Terry Gilliam based roughly on the Grimm brothers and their tales, starring Heath Ledger as Jacob Grimm and Matt Damon as Wilhelm Grimm in the title roles, resembles the contents of the sagas from the brothers' collections, much more than the academic nature of their lives. In this version, the Brothers Grimm aren't innocent fairy tale collectors.

Zenescope Entertainment began in 2005 releasing a monthly on-going comic series titled ''Grimm's Fairy Tales'', an horror comic book that presents classic fairy tales, albeit with modern twists or expanded plots. John Conolly, an Irish writer, publishes in 2005 a book named The Book of Lost Things, it is his first non-mystery novel. This book includes many darker adaptions of the Grimm's tales; including Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White, Sleeping Beauty and Rumpelstiltskin. The crime novel ''Brother Grimm'', by Craig Russell, was published in 2006. A serial killer stalks Hamburg and uses themes of Brothers Grimm fairytales, to pose his victims and to write riddles about the next one. Chief Detective Jan Fabel has to hunt down the Fairytale Killer, as the press soon calls him. In 2010, the novel was adapted for German television, directed by Urs Egger and written by Daniel Martin Eckhart under the title ''Wolfsfährte'' (engl.: wolfs spoor), the German title of Craig Russell's novel. Actor Peter Lohmeyer took on the role of Chief Detective Jan Fabel.

The book ''The Grimm Legacy'' was published in 2010 by Polly Shulman, about a girl who starts working at a mysterious museum which holds items from Grimm fairy tales. Lethe Press published A Twist of Grimm by William Holden in 2010, a collection of Grimm's Fairy Tales re-imagined as gay erotica. NBC Universal greenlit pilot entitled in 2010 "Grimm" starring Bitsie Tulloch, Kate Burton, Russell Hornsby and Silas Weir Mitchell. Created by David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf and to be directed by Marc Buckland, Grimm is described as a dark but fantastical cop drama about a world in which characters inspired by Grimm’s Fairy Tales exist.

Mark Miller's Empyrical Tales series is strongly influenced by these works. The Fourth Queen (Comfort Publishing, 2009) and The Lost Queen (Comfort Publishing, 2011) adapt several of the characters and stories into the fantasy world of Empyrean. The stories serve both as an homage and as a new fairytale. As the Empyrical Tales continues, later books will include references to other folklore and mythology from around the world.

Notes

a. The New German Biography records their names as "Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl" and "Grimm, Wilhelm Carl". The German Biographical Archive records Wilhelm's name as "Grimm, Wilhelm Karl". The General German Biography gives the names as "Grimm: Jacob (Ludwig Karl)" and "Grimm: Wilhelm (Karl)". The National Union Catalog Pre-1956 Imprints also gives Wilhelm's name as "Grimm, Wilhelm Karl".

References

Further reading

External links

The Museum of the Brothers Grimm in Kassel, Germany

Brothers Grimm's Stories

Grimm Brothers' Home Page

Grimmstories.com/ The fairy-tales of the brothers Grimm

Grimm's fairy tales Stories for children, folktales, fairy tales and fables from around the world

Brothers Grimm, ''Household Tales'', translated by Margaret Hunt

. Translated by Margaret Hunt.

Brothers Grimm – Fairy Tales Audiobooks

Recording of 63 Fairy Tales by the Brothers Grimm at LibriVox.org

Category:19th-century German people Category:Collectors of fairy tales Category:German children's writers Category:German folklorists Category:Marburg Category:Sibling duos

af:Broers Grimm als:Brüder Grimm ar:الأخوان غريم bn:গ্রিম ভ্রাতৃদ্বয় zh-min-nan:Grimm Hiaⁿ-tī be:Браты Грым be-x-old:Браты Грым bo:ཡཱ་ཁོ་དང་ཝེ་ལེམ་.ཀོ་ལིམ​། bs:Braća Grimm br:Jacob ha Wilhelm Grimm bg:Братя Грим ca:Germans Grimm cs:Bratři Grimmové cy:Brodyr Grimm da:Brødrene Grimm de:Brüder Grimm el:Αδελφοί Γκριμ es:Hermanos Grimm eo:Fratoj Grimm eu:Grimm anaiak fa:برادران گریم fr:Jacob et Wilhelm Grimm fy:Bruorren Grimm gl:Irmáns Grimm ko:그림 형제 hr:Braća Grimm id:Grimm Bersaudara is:Grimmsbræður it:Fratelli Grimm he:האחים גרים la:Fratres Grimm lv:Brāļi Grimmi lb:Bridder Grimm lt:Broliai Grimai hu:Grimm fivérek mk:Браќа Грим ms:Grimm Bersaudara mwl:Armanos Grimm mrj:Гримм шӱмбелвлӓ nl:Gebroeders Grimm ja:グリム兄弟 no:Brødrene Grimm nn:Grimm-brørne uz:Aka-uka Grimmlar pag:Brothers Grimm pnb:گرم پعرا pl:Bracia Grimm pt:Irmãos Grimm ro:Frații Grimm qu:Grimm wawqikuna ru:Братья Гримм sco:Brithers Grimm sq:Vëllezërit Grim simple:Brothers Grimm sl:Brata Grimm sr:Браћа Грим sh:Braća Grimm fi:Grimmin veljekset sv:Bröderna Grimm tl:Magkapatid na Grimm ta:கிரிம் சகோதரர்கள் th:พี่น้องตระกูลกริมม์ tr:Grimm Kardeşler uk:Брати Грімм ur:گرم برادران vi:Anh em nhà Grimm war:Magbugto nga Grimm zh-yue:格林兄弟 zh:格林兄弟

Coordinates	38°07′16″N86°59′55″N
Name	American McGee
Birth name	American James McGee
Birth date	December 13, 1972
Known for	American McGee's Alice, Doom II, Quake
Occupation	Game designer
Website	www.americanmcgee.com }}

American James McGee (born December 13, 1972) is an American game designer.

Career

McGee began his career at id Software, working on level design, music production, sound effects development, and programming in such games as ''Doom'', ''Doom II'', ''Quake'', and ''Quake II''. In 1998, he moved to Electronic Arts, where he worked as creative director on several projects, including ''American McGee's Alice''. After finishing ''Alice'', McGee left EA to found his first company, The Mauretania Import Export Company.

Partnering with Enlight Software, McGee released the games ''Scrapland'' in 2004 and ''Bad Day L.A.'' in 2006. The planned ''American McGee's Oz'', which was to be produced in conjunction with Ronin Games, was canceled over financial difficulties at Atari. ''American McGee's Grimm'', developed by his Shanghai-based game development studio Spicy Horse for the online service GameTap, was released in twenty-three weekly episodic segments, starting in 2007.

At the 2009 D.I.C.E. Summit, Electronic Arts CEO John Riccitiello announced that a sequel to ''American McGee's Alice'' is in development for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 by American McGee's Spicy Horse studio. In July 2010, at the EA Showcase in San Francisco, Spicy Horse and EA announced that sequel's title, ''Alice: Madness Returns'', released less than one year after its announcement, on June 14th 2011.

More recently, McGee's Spicy Horse expanded to include another brand, Spicy Pony, to produce digital mobile media games for the iPhone platform. Their first title, ''DexIQ'', was released in early December 2009, and its follow-up, ''Crooked House'', was released in March 2010 (both had iPad versions released in June 2010).

Films

McGee has written a script for his interpretation of L. Frank Baum's Oz for Jerry Bruckheimer and Disney (seemingly displaced amid pre-production of "Oz: The Great and Powerful", written by Mitchell Kapner and being directed by Sam Raimi.)

The film rights to ''Alice'' were sold to Miramax and Dimension in 2004, before being passed onto 20th Century Fox and then to Universal Pictures the following year. McGee maintains credit as creator and producer of the film project.

Personal life

McGee has stated his mission is "to create a unified production method for story telling across the interactive and film industries" and of himself, he says, "I want to be the next Walt Disney, only a little more wicked."

Upon inquiry about his unusual name: "My mom was a hippie. I'm not sure how else to put that... She claims a woman she knew in college, who named her daughter 'America', inspired the name. She also tells me that she was thinking of naming me 'Obnard'. She was and always has been a very eccentric and creative person."

In 2005, McGee left the United States and resided first in the city of Hong Kong, then on Lamma Island, and currently settling in Shanghai. Once in China, he created Spicy Horse, now the largest independent game development house in the nation, and helped found Blade (formerly Vykarian), a game outsourcing company. They produced ''American McGee's Grimm'' for GameTap (now owned by Metaboli) and worked on the sequel to his original ''Alice'' game, ''Alice: Madness Returns''.

Works

1994 - ''Wolfenstein 3D'', Tester (Atari Corporation)

1994 - ''Doom II: Hell on Earth'', Level Designer (id Software)

1994 - ''Doom'', Level Designer (Sega)

1995 - ''The Ultimate Doom'', Level Designer (GT Interactive Software)

1995 - ''Doom'', Tester (WMS Industries)

1996 - ''Quake'', Level Designer, Sound Designer, Tools Programmer (id Software)

1996 - ''H!Zone'', Co-Producer (WizardWorks Software)

1996 - ''Hexen: Beyond Heretic'', Co-Producer (GT Interactive Software)

1996 - ''Final Doom'', Level Designer (id Software and Atari, Inc.)

1997 - ''Quake Mission Pack 1: Scourge of Armagon'', Level Designer (id Software)

1997 - ''Quake Mission Pack 2: Dissolution of Eternity'', Level Designer (id Software)

1997 - ''Quake II'', Level Designer, Sound Designer, Tools Programmer (Activision)

1997 - ''Doom 64'', Level Designer (Midway Games)

1998 - ''Dominion: Storm Over Gift 3'', Sound Designer (Eidos Interactive)

2000 - ''Timeline'', Co-Designer, Co-Writer (Eidos Interactive)

2000 - ''American McGee's Alice'', Creative Director, Co-Writer, Designer (Electronic Arts)

2004 - ''American McGee Presents: Scrapland'', Producer (Enlight Software)

2006 - ''American McGee Presents: Bad Day L.A.'', Creative Director, Writer, Co-Designer (Enlight Software)

2008 - ''American McGee's Grimm'', Project Leader, Creative Director, Co-Writer, Co-Designer (Turner Broadcasting System)

2009 - ''DexIQ'', Project Leader, Creative Director (Spicy Horse)

2011 - ''Alice: Madness Returns'', Creative Director, Co-Writer, Designer (Spicy Horse) (Electronic Arts)

See also

''Alice'', game-derived film

dredg, "Same Ol' Road" music video directed by McGee

References

External links

Category:American video game designers Category:American expatriates in China Category:Living people Category:1972 births

de:American McGee fr:American McGee it:American McGee pl:American McGee ru:Макги, Америкэн uk:Амерікен Макгі zh:亚美利坚·麦基

Coordinates	38°07′16″N86°59′55″N
Name	Mista Grimm
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Rojai Trawick
Origin	West Covina, California
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Rapper
Years active	1993–
Label	Epic/550
Associated acts	Warren G, Nate Dogg }}

Rojai Trawick, better known as Mista Grimm is a rapper formerly signed to Epic Records' sub-label, 550 Music. Grimm's first release was the 1993 single "Indo Smoke" featuring Warren G and Nate Dogg from the ''Poetic Justice soundtrack''. The following year Grimm released a single entitled "Situation: Grimm" that appeared on the ''Higher Learning soundtrack''. Mista Grimm completed his debut album ''Things are Looking Grimm'' that was originally set to be released during the summer of 1995, however after the album's lead single, "Steady Dippen" failed to make an impact, the album was shelved. Little has been heard of Mista Grimm aside from an appearance on Warren G's 2001 album, ''The Return of the Regulator'' and has a dope song called "Grow Room" on DJ Pooh's album Bad Newz Travels Fast.

Discography

Year	Single	Chart positions	Album
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					align="left" rowspan="1"
					align="left"

References

External links

[] Album and singles info, chart info and music video links.

Category:G-funk Category:Living people Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California

Coordinates	38°07′16″N86°59′55″N
name	Funkdoobiest
background	group_or_band
origin	Los Angeles, California, United States
genre	Hip hop, west coast rap, pornocore, funk
years active	1989–present
label	Battle Axe Records, Immortal, Epic, SME Records, Buzztone, RCA, BMG Records
associated acts	Cypress Hill, DJ Muggs, House of Pain
current members	Son DoobieDJ Ralph MTomahawk Funk }}

Funkdoobiest is an American rap group from Los Angeles, California. The original members are Son Doobie (Jason Vasquez), a Puerto Rican rapper, and DJ Ralph M (Ralph Medrano), a Chicano DJ, and Tomahawk Funk (Tyrone Pacheco) of the Lakota nation. The latter left after their second album.

Their first two albums were mainly produced by Cypress Hill's DJ Muggs. Their third album, ''The Troubleshooters'', included production by Ralph M and DJ Rectangle. Whereas the other albums were clearly hardcore rap in the vein of Cypress Hill and other Soul Assassins members, ''The Troubleshooters'' was more versatile. DJ Muggs was the group's mentor and inspiration. The group is known for their sexually explicit song "Superhoes" about the perverted secret identities of superheroes. Most of their other songs have to do with sex, and Son Doobie proclaimed himself the porno king. They also had their own X-rated club in Los Angeles.

Funkdoobiest have never cared for censorship, and have released several hit singles such as, "XXX Funk" about controversial topics such as pornography.

Their fourth album ''The Golden B-Boys'' was released in 2009. This album was produced and arranged by DJ Ralph M for B-Boy Beats LLC. The cover art was done by Galo "MAKE" Canote.

Discography

Albums

1993: ''Which Doobie U B?'' (Immortal/Epic/SME)

1995: ''Brothas Doobie'' (Immortal/Epic/SME)

1998: ''The Troubleshooters'' (Buzztone/RCA/BMG)

2003: ''Funk SuperHero'' (Battle Axe Records)

2004: ''Doobie Deluxe'' (Battle Axe Records)

2009: ''The Golden B-Boys'' (Funkdoobiest Music)

Singles

1993: "Bow Wow Wow"

1993: "Wopbabalubop" (feat. B-Real)

1993: "The Funkiest"

1993: "Freak Mode"

1995: "Dedicated"

1995: "Rock On"

1995: "XXX Funk"

1997: "Papi Chulo (feat. Daz)

2008: "Hip Hop Music"

2009: "The Heavyweight Funk"

External links

Funkdoobiest Music

Category:American hip hop groups Category:Musical groups established in 1989 Category:People from Los Angeles County, California Category:West Coast hip hop groups Category:Musical groups from Los Angeles, California Category:Members of the Nation of Gods and Earths Category:Epic Records artists Category:RCA Records artists

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