Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin (ethnicity).

The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.

Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnicities, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino".

In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register Notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way, and after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.

How data on race and ethnicity are used

The OMB states that “many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data are also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require these data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data are needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions."

"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act).”

Brief overview of race and ethnicity in the U.S. Census' history

Census 1790

In 1790, first official year of the U.S. Census, the following questions were asked, four of which had racial implications:

Number of free White males aged under 16 years

Number of free White males aged 16 years and upward

Number of free White females

Number of other free persons

Number of slaves

In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed.

Census 1820

The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about the slaves who were owned. Also the term “colored” enters the census rhetoric. In addition, a question stating “Number of foreigners not naturalized” was included.

Census 1830

For the 1830 census, a new question which stated “The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized” was included, as well as combining the number and age question of both slaves and free colored individuals.

Census 1850

The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was White, marked "B" if a person was Black, and marked "M" if a person was Mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was Black and an "M" if Mulatto.

Census 1870

For the 1870 census, the color/racial question was expanded to include “C” for Chinese, which was a category that included all east Asians, as well as “I” for American Indians.

Census 1890

For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term “race” in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."

Census 1900

For 1900, the “Color or Race” question was slightly modified, removing the term “Mulatto”. Also, there was an inclusion of an “Indian Population Schedule” in which “enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations.” This expanded version included the question “Fraction of person's lineage that is white.”

Census 1910

The 1910 census was similar to that of 1900, but it included a re-insertion of “Mulatto” and a question about the respondent's "mother tongue.” “Ot” was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual’s proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage.

Census 1920

The 1920 census questionnaire was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. “Hin”, “Kor”, and “Fil” were also added to the “Color or Race” question, signifying Hindu (South Asia Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively.

Census 1930

The biggest change in this year’s census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both White and Black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed Black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as White within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as a race. Enumerators were instructed that all persons born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. But, in prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white.

The Supplemental American Indian questionnaire was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry.

Census 1940 (Population)

The 1940 census was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the White population.

Census 1950 (Population)

The 1950 Census questionnaire removed the word “color” from the racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices.

Census 1960 (Population)

The 1960 Census re-added the word “color” to the racial question, and changed “Indian” to “American Indian”, as well as added Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The Other (print out race) option was removed.

Census 1970 (Population)

This year’s census included “Negro or Black”, re-added Korean and the Other race option. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows:

a. Where was this person born?

b. Is this person's origin or descent...

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Central or South American

Other Spanish

None of These

14. What country was the person's father born in?

15. What country was the person's mother born in?

16.

a. For persons born in a foreign country- Is the person naturalized?

b. When did the person come to the United States to stay?

17. What language, other than English, was spoken in the person's home as a child?

Spanish

French

German

Other

None, only English

Census 1980 (Population)

This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East) Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again, the term “color” was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents:

11. In what state or foreign country was the person born?

12. If this person was born in a foreign country...

a. Is this person a naturalized citizen of the United States?

b. When did this person come the United States to stay?

13.

a. Does this person speak a language other than English at home?

b. If yes, what is this language?

c. If yes, how well does this person speak English?

14. What is this person's ancestry?

Census 1990 (Population)

The racial categories in this year are as they appear in the 2000 and 2010 Census. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 Census:

8. In what U.S. State or foreign country was this person born?

9. Is this person a citizen of the United States?

10. If this person was not born in the United States, when did this person come to the United States to stay?

The 1990 Census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the Other race option and provided a multiple write in, the response was assigned according to the race written first. “For example, a write in of "Black-White" was assigned a code of Black, a write in of "White-Black" was assigned a code of White.”

Census 2000 (Population)

Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time.

The 23rd federal census, 2010 asks one ethnic and one race question (questions 1-4 not reproduced here, questions 5 and 6 paraphrased):

8. Is the person of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?

*No, not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin

*Yes, Mexican, Mexican Am., Chicano

*Yes, Puerto Rican

*Yes, Cuban

*Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin — Print origin, for example, Argentinean, Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on.

9. What is the person's race?

*White

*Black, African Am., or Negro

*American Indian or Alaska Native — Print name of enrolled or principal tribe.

*Asian Indian

*Chinese

*Filipino

*Other Asian — Print race, for example, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, Cambodian, and so on.

*Japanese

*Korean

*Vietnamese

*Native Hawaiian

*Guamanian or Chamorro

*Samoan

*Other Pacific Islander — Print race, for example, Fijian, Tongan, and so on.

*Some other race — Print race.

This census acknowledged that "race categories include both racial and national-origin groups."

The following definitions apply to the 2000 census only.

"White. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "White" or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish."

"Black or African American. A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as 'Black, African Am., or Negro,' or provide written entries such as African American, Afro American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian."

"American Indian and Alaska Native. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment."

"Asian. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes 'Asian Indian,' 'Chinese', 'Filipino', 'Korean', 'Japanese', 'Vietnamese', and 'Other Asian'."

"Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It includes people who indicate their race as 'Native Hawaiian', 'Guamanian or Chamorro', 'Samoan', and 'Other Pacific Islander'."

"Some other race. Includes all other responses not included in the 'White', 'Black or African American', 'American Indian and Alaska Native', 'Asian' and 'Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander' race categories described above. Respondents providing write-in entries such as multiracial, mixed, interracial, We-Sort, or a Hispanic/Latino group (for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban) in the "Some other race" category are included here."

"Two or more races. People may have chosen to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, by providing multiple write-in responses, or by some combination of check boxes and write-in responses."

The Federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

Use of the word ''ethnicity'' for Hispanics only is considerably more restricted than its conventional meaning, which covers other distinctions, some of which are covered by the "race" and "ancestry" questions. The distinct questions accommodate the possibility of Hispanic and Latino Americans' also declaring various racial identities (see also White Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Latinos, and Black Hispanic and Latino Americans).

In the 2000 Census, 12.5% of the US population reported "Hispanic or Latino" ethnicity and 87.5% reported "Not-Hispanic or Latino" ethnicity.

Relation between ethnicity and race in census results

The Census Bureau warns that data on race in 2000 Census are not directly comparable to those collected in previous censuses. Many US residents consider race and ethnicity to be the same concept.

100 93.7 47.9 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.1 42.2 6.3 5.3 1.0

!Race !!Hispanic orLatino!!% ofH/L!!% ofUS!!Not Hispanicor Latino!!% of NotH/L!!% ofUS
!Any races	35,305,818	|	12.5	246,116,088	100	87.5
!One race:	33,081,736	|	11.8	241,513,942	98.1	85.8
!White	16,907,852	|	6.0	194,552,774	79.1	69.1
!Black orAfrican A.	710,353	|	0.3	33,947,837	13.8	12.1
!A. Indian/Alaska Nat.	407,073	|	0.1	2,068,883	0.8	0.7
!Asian	119,829	|	<0.1	10,123,169	4.1	3.6
!Hawaiian N.& Pacific Is.	45,326	|	<0.1	353,509	0.1	0.1
!Some other	14,891,303	|	5.3	467,770	0.2	0.2
!2+ races:	2,224,082	|	0.8	4,602,146	1.9	1.6
!Some other+ W/B/N/A	1,859,538	|	0.7	1,302,875	0.5	0.5
!2+ W/B/N/A	364,544	|	0.1	3,299,271	1.3	1.2

In the 2000 Census, respondents were tallied in each of the race groups they reported. Consequently, the total of each racial category exceeds the total population because some people reported more than one race.

The Census Bureau implemented a Census Quality Survey, gathering data from approximately 50,000 households in order to assess the reporting of race and Hispanic origin in the 2000 Census with the purpose creating a way to make comparisons between the 2000 Census with previous Census racial data.

The AAA also stated,

The recommendations of the AAA were not adopted by the Census Bureau for the 2000 Census or the 2010 Census.

2010 Census

The 2010 US Census includes changes designed to more clearly distinguish Hispanic ethnicity as not being a race. That includes adding the sentence: "For this census, Hispanic origins are not races." Additionally, the Hispanic terms are modified from "Hispanic or Latino" to "Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin".

Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form does not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in recent censuses, there are campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

The Interagency Committee has suggested that the concept of marking multiple boxes be extended to the Hispanic origin question, thereby freeing individuals from having to choose between their parents' ethnic heritages. In other words, a respondent could chose both "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino".

Other agencies

In 2001, the National Institutes of Health adopted the new language to comply with the revisions to Directive 15, as did the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States Department of Labor in 2007. See Race and ethnicity (EEO).

See also

Criticism of the term Latino

Language (United States Census)

Race (classification of humans)

Race in the United States

Race and ethnicity in the United States

United States Census, 2000

References

Category:Demographics of the United States Category:Race in the United States

de:Race (United States Census) es:Raza (censo de los Estados Unidos) fr:Race (recensement des États-Unis) gl:Raza (censo dos Estados Unidos) id:Ras dan etnisitas di Sensus Amerika Serikat ru:Расовый состав США

name	Geri Halliwell
background	solo_singer
birth name	Geraldine Estelle Halliwell
alias	Ginger Spice, Ginger
born	August 06, 1972Watford, Hertfordshire, England
origin	London, England, UK
genre	Pop, dance pop, pop rock
occupation	Singer-songwriter, author, actress
years active	1994–present
label	Virgin (1996–98) Spice Girls EMI (1999–2003) Innocent Records (2004–05) 19 (2010–present)
associated acts	Spice Girls
website	}}

Geraldine Estelle "Geri" Halliwell (born 6 August 1972) is an English pop singer-songwriter, author, actress and philanthropist. After coming to international prominence in the late 1990s as Ginger Spice, a member of the girl group the Spice Girls, Halliwell launched her solo career in 1998 and released her album ''Schizophonic''. Since then, she has released two more studio albums – ''Scream If You Wanna Go Faster'' and ''Passion'' – and four number one singles at the UK Singles Chart, "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up", "Bag It Up" and "It's Raining Men". In 2008, Halliwell published a book series named ''Ugenia Lavender''. As a solo artist, Halliwell has sold 12 million records worldwide and been nominated for two Brit Awards in 2000 and 2002.

In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album ''Schizophonic'', with the lead single "Look at Me", produced by Absolute and Phil Bucknall. "Look at Me" would go on to sell over one million copies worldwide, followed by further number ones at the UK Singles Chart "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up" and "Bag It Up". Halliwell performed "Bag It Up" during the BRIT Awards ceremony in 2000, emerging between giant inflatable legs, ripping off her shirt and walking in stiletto heels over the backs of topless pink-haired men whilst performing the song.

"Look at Me" was released to radio in the United States in late 1999, receiving limited airplay. With only a radio single, ''Schizophonic'' debuted at number forty-two on the ''Billboard'' 200 before dropping out within the next month. The album was eventually certified Gold, distributing over 500,000 copies. In 1999, she wrote an autobiography ''If Only'', in which described her life as a Spice Girl.

Early life

Halliwell was born at Watford General Hospital, Watford, Hertfordshire England, to Laurence Francis Halliwell (1922–1993), who was of English and Swedish descent, and his wife Ana María (née Hidalgo), who is a Spaniard from Huesca. Halliwell grew up on a council estate in North Watford. For a brief time, Halliwell's mother tried to bring her up as a Jehovah's Witness. Halliwell took her A-Levels at Camden School for Girls, obtaining an A-level in English at A grade standard, having taken her GCSEs at Watford Girls Grammar School. Before starting her music career, Halliwell had worked as a nightclub dancer in Majorca, a presenter on the Turkish version of ''Let's Make a Deal'' and as a glamour model. Following her rise to fame with the Spice Girls, nude photos of Halliwell were re-published in a number of magazines including ''Playboy'' and ''Penthouse''.

Career

1994–98: Spice Girls

Halliwell first found fame as one of the five members of the girl group the Spice Girls, and was dubbed "Ginger Spice" by Top of the Pops magazine in 1996. Geri became renowned for wearing outrageous stage costumes and often garnered extensive publicity. The group sold over 65 million records and are the best selling girl group of all time. Their debut single "Wannabe" became the first of nine number-ones in the United Kingdom and reached the top position in 41 countries around the globe, including Australia, Canada and the United States. Other successful releases followed, including "Say You'll Be There" and "2 Become 1" from ''Spice'', and "Spice Up Your Life", "Too Much" and "Stop" from ''Spiceworld''.

On 30 May 1998, Halliwell left the Spice Girls due to depression and differences between the group. The first official confirmation was an announcement to the media by her solicitor on 31 May. Her action aroused controversy, her former group being due to embark on a North American tour, which they eventually completed without her. Although she had already left the group, the Spice Girls released "Viva Forever", the final music video to feature Halliwell's likeness. After she left, the other girls co-wrote a few songs about her, which appeared on their album ''Forever'': "Goodbye" and "Let Love Lead the Way".

1999–01: ''Schizophonic''

Halliwell appeared in a 90 minute documentary ''Geri'' for the British television channel Channel 4 by Molly Dineen. In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album ''Schizophonic'', with the lead single "Look at Me", produced by Absolute and Phil Bucknall. "Look at Me" would go on to sell over one million copies worldwide, followed by further number ones at the UK Singles Chart "Mi Chico Latino", "Lift Me Up" and "Bag It Up". Halliwell performed "Bag It Up" during the BRIT Awards ceremony in 2000, emerging between giant inflatable legs, ripping off her shirt and walking in stiletto heels over the backs of topless pink-haired men whilst performing the song.

"Look at Me" was released to radio in the United States in late 1999, receiving limited airplay. With only a radio single, ''Schizophonic'' debuted at number forty-two on the ''Billboard'' 200 before dropping out within the next month. The album was eventually certified Gold, distributing over 500,000 copies. "Mi Chico Latino" did not have a big impact on American radio, and no further singles from ''Schizophonic'' or albums were released in the United States. In 1999, she wrote an autobiography ''If Only'', in which described her life as a Spice Girl.

2001–04: ''Scream If You Wanna Go Faster''

In 2001, Halliwell followed up with her second album, ''Scream If You Wanna Go Faster''. It also included her cover version of The Weather Girls' 1983 hit, "It's Raining Men", used on the ''Bridget Jones's Diary'' film soundtrack, and the video game, ''DDRMAX2 Dance Dance Revolution 7thMix''. The song also won her the International Song of the Year award at the 2002 NRJ Music Awards. The song has been added to the album at the last minute, and another song "Feels Like Sex" had already been slated as the lead single. The singles that followed, "Scream If You Wanna Go Faster" and "Calling", reached, respectively, number eight and number seven in the United Kingdom. Halliwell released a special French edition of the single, entitled "Au Nom de L'amour". ''Scream If You Wanna Go Faster'' was not released in the United States.

In 2002, Halliwell was featured alongside Pete Waterman and Louis Walsh as a judge on the television series ''Popstars: The rivals'' which created Girls Aloud. The following year, she released her second autobiography, ''Just for the Record'', detailing her rise to fame and her turbulent celebrity lifestyle. She has also released two Yoga DVDs with her yoga teacher Katy Appleton, ''Geri Yoga'' and ''Geri Body Yoga''. In the United States, Halliwell appeared as a judge on the reality programme ''All American Girl'' and as a guest reporter on celebrity-based series ''Extra''. She has also made appearances in the television series ''Sex and the City'' and in the 2004 film ''Fat Slags'', based on characters from ''Viz Magazine''. In 2004, Halliwell appeared on channel Five as one of the hosts of the Party in the Park event for The Prince's Trust, the presenter and main performer of the ''Tickled Pink Girls' night in Live!'' event and an appearance in a documentary ''There's Something About Geri''.

2005–06: ''Passion''

In late 2004, Halliwell made a return to music with the single "Ride It", which reached number four in the United Kingdom and number one on the dance charts. However, several months elapsed before another single was released, during which time she was apparently instructed to record some new tracks for the as yet unreleased album by her record company, which was unhappy with the setlist. Halliwell planned her first solo tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland, but due to lack of ticket sales, compounded by the label's pressure on Halliwell to record additional songs, led to the cancellation of the tour. Eventually a new single, "Desire", was released on 30 May 2005, reaching number 22 in the UK Singles Chart and number one on the UK Dance Charts. Released shortly after, the album ''Passion'' similarly received little attention from the public or critics, and stalled at number 41 in the UK charts. Halliwell's recording contract with EMI was subsequently not renewed, and in recent interviews Halliwell has stated that she is not interested in recording another album at the moment and was content with writing children's books and being a mother.

2007–09: Spice Girls re-union and ''Ugenia Lavender''

On 28 June 2007, Halliwell announced she was joining her former group-mates for a concert tour "Return of the Spice Girls". Part of the setlist of the reunion tour features Halliwell performing solo, singing her cover of ''It's Raining Men''. It was announced on 1 February that the tour would end early, on 26 February 2008.

On 12 April 2007, it was announced that Halliwell had signed a six-book deal with Macmillan Children's Books. The books follow the adventures of nine-year-old Ugenia, a character based on Halliwell, alongside her friends Bronte, Rudy and Trevor. Other characters are said by Halliwell to be loosely based on Gordon Ramsay, George Michael, Marilyn Monroe, Vincent van Gogh, Wayne Rooney and the character Justin Suarez from the TV series ''Ugly Betty''. The character Princess Posh Vattoria, a caricature of Halliwell's bandmate Victoria Beckham, was featured in early drafts but has not appeared in the book series.

Halliwell appeared in the film ''Crank: High Voltage'' alongside friend, actor, John Damon and on the BBC 1's ''The One Show'' on 7 May 2009. On 24 May 2009, she spoke to the Speed TV reporter Peter Windsor in the pit lane just prior to the start of the 2009 Monaco Grand Prix. In interviews to promote the book series ''Ugenia Lavender'', Halliwell said she had no plans to return to a solo musical career in the near future.

2010–present: fourth solo album

In March 2010, vocal coach and singer Carrie Grant announced on ITV1's ''The Alan Titchmarsh Show'' that Halliwell would be making a return to music. The following month, Halliwell announced through her official website that she was back in the studio and recording. In 2010, Halliwell stood in as a guest judge on The X Factor for Dannii Minogue at the Glasgow auditions. Halliwell is to release her own range of bikini's through retailer Next in January 2011. On Christmas Day 2010 she played a cameo in the mockumentary ''Come Fly with Me''.

Personal and media life

After her album ''Passion'' was a failure, Halliwell fired her managers, then-married team Paul and Katie Conroy, in October 2005, and went to Los Angeles to work on unnamed projects. Soon after, she was photographed by the paparazzi, having put on weight and looking exhausted. The tabloids reported that Halliwell was pregnant, which was subsequently confirmed. Sacha Gervasi is reported to be the child's father, but Halliwell has never publicly confirmed that. On 7 March 2006, ''Hello!'' magazine published an interview with Halliwell, "It is tacky to kiss and tell, I would never deprive a child of the right to know its father."

On 14 May 2006, Halliwell gave birth to her daughter, Bluebell Madonna, by caesarean section at London's Portland Hospital. Explaining her name choice, she said, "What really clinched it for me was my mother telling me that the bluebell is increasingly rare – so it's a precious flower, which seems just right for my daughter." Her daughter's middle name came from two of Halliwell's heroines, the Virgin Mary and pop singer Madonna. On 23 April 2007, all of The Spice Girls except Melanie Brown attended the christening of Halliwell's daughter. Victoria Beckham, Emma Bunton and George Michael's partner Kenny Goss are the godparents.

On the Spice Girls reunion tour of 2007–08, Halliwell met dancer Ivan "Flipz" Velez. They dated for six months before breaking up in November 2008. According to the ''Sun'', she became engaged to Italian multimillionaire Fabrizio Politi in January 2009 after only a month together. However, the couple broke up in March 2009. She has been dating aristocrat Henry Beckwith since March 2009. Halliwell is currently residing in a house in Streatley on Thames, just across the River Thames from George Michael's house in Goring-on-Thames.

Charity work

In 1999, Halliwell became a representative for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). As a goodwill ambassador, Halliwell toured the Philippines on a fact-finding trip. In 2000, Halliwell appeared in the two part documentary series ''Geri's World Walkabout'' for the BBC, which followed her work with the UN and other travels. Halliwell picked up further UN work in 2006, by visiting Zambia from 14–16 November, to promote greater international awareness of the urgent need to reduce maternal death and halt the spread of HIV/AIDS. She attended the first 2007 BBC Four Reith Lecture and can be heard asking questions on women's rights in the recording.

Halliwell also attended the UK leg of Live Earth at Wembley Stadium, London on 7 July 2007 and introduced Duran Duran to the crowd. In 2008, Halliwell pledged her support to the ''Kentish Times Christmas Toy Appeal''. Halliwell also donated toys from her own daughter's collection. Halliwell is also a patron of Breast Cancer Care.

Political affiliations

In the run-up to the 1997 UK General Election, Halliwell declared: "I saw a lot of what Mrs Thatcher did. She was definitely the original Spice Girl rising from the greengrocer's daughter to Prime Minister." For this, Lauren Laverne called her "Tory scum". She claimed that her background was deeply-rooted in support for the Conservative Party and that Thatcher was the pioneer of 'Girl Power' and the spiritual sixth member of the Spice Girls. She claimed in 1996 that Tony Blair was "not a safe pair of hands for the economy". By the 2001 General Election Halliwell had switched her support to Tony Blair and the Labour Party, making a cameo appearance in one of their party election broadcasts.

Discography

1999: ''Schizophonic''

2001: ''Scream If You Wanna Go Faster''

2005: ''Passion''

Filmography

Television

TV shows
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Note
1991	''Let's Make A Deal''	Dancer
1997		Herself	documentary about Elton John
1999	''Geri''	Herself	documentary
1999	''100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll''	Presenter
2000	''Geri's World Walkabouts''	Herself	documentary
2002	''Popstars The Rivals''	Herself/judge
2003		Herself/judge
2005	''There's Something About Geri''	Herself	documentary
2005	''George Michael: A Different Story''	Herself	documentary about George Michael
2007	''Dancing with the Stars''	Herself	1 episode
2008	''Giving You Everything''	Herself	documentary
2008	American Idol: The Search for a Superstar	Herself	1 episode
2010	''Piers Morgan's Life Stories''	Herself	1 episode, interview
2010		Herself/judge	Series 7
2010		Herself	series 1
TV series
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Note
1990	''Dance Energy''	Sue	casting helper
1999	''Al Salir de Clase''	Herself	Appearance
2002	''Bo' Selecta!''	Herself	Appearance
2003	Sex And The City	Phoebe	1 episode
2004		Herself	Star in Reasonably Priced Car
2007	''Comic Relief: The Apprentice''	Lisa	1 episode
2008	''Friday Night Project''	Sely	1 episode
2009	''Head Case''	Susan	1 episode
2009	Ant & Dec's Christmas Show	Geri Doll
2010		Herself	1 episode

Films

Films
! Year	! Title	! Role
1995	''Foggy Notion''	Sami
1997		Herself (Ginger Spice)
2004	The Fat Slags	Paige Stonach
2009	Crank 2: High Voltage	Karen Chelios

Bibliography

1999 – ''If Only''

2002 – ''Just for the Record''

2008 – ''Ugenia Lavender''

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Geri Halliwell at TV.com

Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:English dance musicians Category:English female singers Category:English film actors Category:English people of Spanish descent Category:English people of Swedish descent Category:English pop singers Category:English singer-songwriters Category:Participants in British reality television series Category:People from Watford Category:Spice Girls members Category:Video game musicians Category:The X Factor judges Category:The X Factor (UK)

ar:جيري هالويل bg:Гери Халиуел ca:Geri Halliwell da:Geri Halliwell de:Geri Halliwell es:Geri Halliwell eo:Geri Halliwell fa:جری هالیول fr:Geri Halliwell gl:Geri Halliwell ko:게리 할리웰 id:Geri Halliwell it:Geri Halliwell he:ג'רי האליוול ka:ჯერი ჰოლიველი lt:Geri Halliwell hu:Geri Halliwell ms:Geri Halliwell nl:Geri Halliwell ja:ジェリ・ハリウェル no:Geri Halliwell pl:Geri Halliwell pt:Geri Halliwell ro:Geri Halliwell ru:Холлиуэлл, Джери simple:Geri Halliwell sr:Џери Халивел fi:Geri Halliwell sv:Geri Halliwell th:เจรี ฮัลลิเวลล์ tr:Geri Halliwell

name	Joell Ortiz
background	solo_singer
birth date	July 06, 1980
origin	Brooklyn, New York, United States
genre	Hip hop
years active	1999 - present
label	SRC, Universal Motown, Shady Records
associated acts	Slaughterhouse, Immortal Technique, Big Noyd, Ras Kass, Battles, Eminem
website	www.joellortiz.com
notable instruments	}}

Joell Ortiz (born July 6, 1980) is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York. One of the youngest Slaughterhouse members, Joell Ortiz was born to Puerto Rican parents. Ortiz grew up in the Cooper Park Houses in the East Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York formerly signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment record label. He was featured in the Unsigned Hype column of the March 2004 issue of ''The Source'' Magazine and was also selected as Chairman's Choice in ''XXL'' Magazine. During the same time Joell also went on to win the 2004 EA Sports Battle which earned his song Mean Business a spot on the NBA Live 2005 soundtrack. The same year he was offered a contract to Jermaine Dupri's So So Def label. The deal quickly went sour which caused Joell to start beef with Jermaine. Joell has since collaborated with KRS-One and Kool G. Rap. Joell released his street album called "The Brick: Bodega Chronicles" April 24, 2007 on Koch Records. The album was recorded while Joell was trying to get signed and going through some tough times personally. Even though he was signed to Aftermath Entertainment, Dr. Dre allowed him to release the street album on Koch Records. The Brick features productions from Showbiz, The Alchemist, Domingo, Ho Chi from Killahertz Productions, Lil’ Fame of M.O.P., Novel, and Moss, among others. Guest spots include Big Daddy Kane, Styles P, Big Noyd, M.O.P, Akon, Immortal Technique, Grafh, Ras Kass, Stimuli, and Novel. Joell Ortiz is 1/4 of Super Group Slaughterhouse who drop their highly anticipated EP entitled, Slaughterhouse EP on February 8, 2011.

Music career

The Brick (Bodega Chronicles)

Though signed to Aftermath, Ortiz released an album titled ''The Brick (Bodega Chronicles)'' April 24, 2007 on Koch Records. ''The Brick'' features production by Showbiz, Street Radio, and The Alchemist, among others. Guest artists include rappers Big Daddy Kane, Styles P, Big Noyd, Akon, Immortal Technique, Grafh, and Ras Kass.

Departure from Aftermath and joining Slaughterhouse

Ortiz parted ways with Aftermath Entertainment on April 15, 2008.

Joe Budden reached out to Crooked I, Royce Da 5'9", Joell Ortiz, and Nino Bless for a track titled "Slaughterhouse" on his digital release, ''Halfway House''. Based on the reception of the track, they decided to form a super-group, minus Nino Bless, and named it after the first song they made together. They released numerous songs throughout early 2009, building a buzz for their self-titled album which was released through E1 on August 11, 2009. The album features production from Alchemist, DJ Khalil, Mr. Porter, Streetrunner, plus guest appearances from Pharoahe Monch, K-Young, and The New Royales. In 2010 the group signed to Shady Records and left E1 Entertainment.

A remix of Joell Ortiz' "Hip Hop" featuring Jadakiss and Saigon appeared on a fictitious urban radio station in the popular video game GTA IV.

Signing with SRC/Universal Motown and Free Agent

Ortiz started to have problems with E1 Entertainment and wanted to leave the label, but E1 would not let him. After almost a year, Ortiz finally left the label on November 5, 2010. In August 2010 Ortiz signed a deal with Steve Rifkind's label SRC Records and Universal Motown.

In an October 31, 2010 interview on Conspiracy Worldwide Radio, Joell Ortiz discussed his relationship with Eminem and the flood of record labels that have flocked to sign him after his Free Agent album is released. He also spoke of Eminem's excitement at working with him.

Discography

Studio albums

Year	Title	Peak chart positions					RIAA certification
		!width=40 align=center	!width=40 align=center	!width=40 align=center	!width=40 align=center	!width=40 align=center
		*Released: April 24, 2007	*Label: E1 Music
	align="left"	*Released: February 22, 2011	*Label: E1 Music

EP's

''Farewell Summer EP'' (2010)

Collaboration albums

2009: ''Slaughterhouse'' (with Slaughterhouse)

2011: ''Slaughterhouse EP'' (with Slaughterhouse)

Mixtapes

''Who The F*@k Is Joell Ortiz?'' (2004)

''Covers The Classics'' (2009)

''Road Kill'' (2009)

''Defying The Predictable'' (with Novel) (2010)

''Pre-Agent(2010)

''life and times of Sebastian Rios ( comming soon 2011)

Singles

{|class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2"|Year ! rowspan="2"|Song ! colspan="3"|Chart positions !rowspan="2"|Album |- !width="40"|U.S. !width="40"|U.S. R&B; !width="40"|U.S. Rap |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2007 | "Hip Hop" |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |rowspan=1|''The Brick: Bodega Chronicles'' |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2010 | "Call Me (She Said)" (featuring Novel) |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |rowspan=2|''Free Agent'' |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2011 | "So Hard" (featuring Ana Yvette) |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |- |}

Featured Singles

{|class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2"|Year ! rowspan="2"|Song ! colspan="3"|Chart positions !rowspan="2"|Album |- !width="40"|U.S. !width="40"|U.S. R&B; !width="40"|U.S. Rap |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2011 | "We Keep It Rockin" (Maino featuring Swizz Beatz, Jim Jones, Jadakiss & Joell Ortiz) |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |rowspan=1|''The Day After Tomorrow'' |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2011 | "Currency" (Emcee Composition featuring Joell Ortiz) |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |align="center"|— |rowspan=1|''Garden Statements'' |- |}

References

http://www.champmag.com/2010/12/17/video-joell-ortiz-talks-life-after-free-agents-w-champ-mag/

External links

Official website

Official Twitter

Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Aftermath Entertainment artists Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent Category:Hispanic and Latino American rappers Category:People from Brooklyn Category:Rappers from New York City

de:Joell Ortiz es:Joell Ortiz pl:Joell Ortiz tr:Joell Ortiz

Group	Black Hispanics and Afro-Latinos''Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos negros''
Poptime	Black Hispanic or Latino Americans1,243,4710.4% of the United States population (2010)2.5% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans (2010)
Popplace	NortheastMidwestWest CoastFlorida
Langs	American EnglishSpanishSpanglishAfrican American Vernacular English
Religions	Christianity (predominantly Roman Catholicism with Protestantism) and Santeria.
Related	Afro-Latin Americans and other Latin Americans Black people and African ethnic groups Hispanic and Latino Americans, African Americans and other ethnic groups of the United States }}

In the United States, a Black Hispanic or Afro American Hispanic (, literally, "Afro Hispanic") is an American citizen or resident who is officially classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U.S. government agencies as a Black American of Hispanic descent. African American/Black American, itself an official U.S. racial category legally refers to people residing in the United States who have "origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa." For further discussion on the term African American, please see that article.

Hispanicity, which is independent of race, is the only ''ethnic'' category, as opposed to racial category, which is officially collated by the U.S. Census Bureau. The distinction made by government agencies for those within the population of any official race category, including "African American", is between those who report Hispanic backgrounds and all others who do not. In the case of African Americans/Black Americans, these two groups are respectively termed "Black Hispanics/Afro American Hispanics" and "non-Hispanic Black Americans/non-Hispanic Black Americans", the former being those who report Black African ethnicity as well as a Hispanic ancestral background (Spain and Hispanic Latin America), and the latter consisting of an ethnically diverse collection of all others who are classified as Black or African Americans that do not report Hispanic ethnic backgrounds.

For the remainder of this article, the term Black Hispanic will be employed solely and to the neglect of ''Afro American Hispanic''.

Demographic information

Black Hispanics account for 2.5% of the entire U.S. Hispanic population. Most Black Hispanics in the United States come from within the Dominican population. The next largest concentrations of Black Hispanics are found among the Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Panamanian communities.

The main aspects which distinguish Black Hispanics from African Americans is their Spanish language (their mother tongue or most recent ancestors' native language), their Spanish cultural habits, and in most cases, their Spanish surnames. There is also increasing intermarriages and offspring between non-hispanic blacks and hispanics of any race, especially between Puerto Ricans and American-born blacks, which increases both the hispanic ethnic and black racial demographics.

Representation

Black Hispanics are often overlooked in the U.S. mass media and in general American social perceptions, where being "Hispanic" is often incorrectly given a racial value, usually mixed race, such as mestizo or mulatto. The same situation happens in the U.S. Hispanic media and the Latin American media through their telenovelas and in the general U.S. Hispanic and Latin American social perceptions.

Since the early days of the movie industry in the U.S., when Black Hispanic actors were given roles, they would usually be cast as African Americans (as in, NON-Hispanic black). For those with Spanish-speaking accents that betrayed an otherwise presumed non-Hispanic African American origin, they may seldom have been given roles as Hispanics, and the mulatto Hispanic and Latino actors of African appearance are mostly given Hispanic roles.

Those who claim that Black Hispanics are not sought to play Hispanic roles in the U.S. allege this unfairly leads the masses of viewers to an ignorance to the existence of Black Hispanics. Further, some Black Hispanics once affirming their Hispanicity may be deprived of their status as Black people, and categorized by society as non-Black in the U.S. historical context. This may in turn lead some to assume in them an innate knowledge of indigenous culture, e.g., in terms of customs, food and music, which is an individual inclination and not necessarily confined to Hispanics in general.

Black Hispanic Culture

Although Black Hispanics are often overlooked or dichotomized as either "black" or "Hispanic", Black Hispanic writers often reflect upon their racialized experience in their works. The most commonly used term in literature to speak of this ambiguity and multilayered hybridity at the heart of Latino/a identity and culture is ''mestizaje''. This "mestizaje" depicts the multi-faceted racial and cultural identity that characterize Black Hispanics and highlights that each individual Black Hispanic has a unique experience within a broader racial and ethnic range. The memoirs, poetry, sociological research, and essays written by the following Afro-Latino writers reflect this concept of mestizaje in addition to revealing the confusion and uncertainty about one’s self-image of being both "Black" and "Hispanic". The psychological and social factors also prove to be central in determining how one ultimately defines him/herself.

"Down These Mean Streets" by Piri Thomas

Thomas's ground-breaking autobiography, first published in 1967, was pivotal in introducing the broad American population to the Latino inner city youth's experiences with poverty, racism, and marginalization. A major theme of Thomas's book is his growing confusion about his racial identity. Though Thomas is of Puerto Rican and Cuban descent, his dark complexion and facial features which expose his African ancestry and define him as “black” in the U.S. summarily subjects him to the racism imposed upon African-Americans during the 40s:

“I was on my way home from school when someone called: “Hey you dirty fuckin’ spic.” I turned around and found my face pushing in the finger of an Italian kid about my age. He had five or six friends with him. “Hey you, what nationality are ya?” I looked at him and wondered which nationality to pick. And one of friends said “Ah, Rocky, he’s black enuff to be a nigger. Aint that what you is, kid?” My voice was almost shy in its anger. “I’m Puerto Rican. I was born here.” I wanted to shout it, but it came out like a whisper."

Throughout Thomas's youth, he grapples with being defined as "Puerto Rican" by his family and "Black" by the rest of the world. After he reaches an epiphany that leaves him deciding that he is both Black and Puerto Rican, he has a confrontation with his blond-haired, blue-eyed brother that ends in a brawl. Thomas insists that he is ethnically "Negro" and not "Indian", the explanation that his family gives him for his and his father's dark skin. His brother, considered "white" by society, has internalized racism against blacks and refuses to accept his brother's newfound beliefs.

"I don't give a shit what you say, Piri. We're Puerto Ricans and that makes us different from black people...We're Puerto Ricans and we're white." "Jose, that's what the white man's been telling the Negro all along, that 'cause he's white he's different from the Negro; that he's better'n the Negro or anyone who's not white.

"Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza" by Gloria Anzaldúa

''Borderlands'', part manifesto/part poetry/part forgotten Latina history, is arguably Anzaldúa's magnum opus. In her book, a central theme is her revised self definition as the "new mestiza". An ethnically Mexican woman, she redefines her race from being a Chicana Latina to a "Chicana, india, latina, black mestiza" who must "work to break down the subject-object duality that keeps her prisoner and show in the flest and through images in her work how duality is transcended". Anzaldúa has a particularly unique experience because her appearance does not reveal her African ancestry, yet she embraces it as a part of the new mestiza consciousness. In one of her final poems, she shows her loyalty to not being defined as just one race, but as multiple, intertwined ethnicities.

To live in the Borderlands means you are neither ''hispana india negra española'' ''ni gabacha, eres mestiza, mulata,'' half-breed caught in the crossfire between camps while carrying all five races on your back not knowing which side to turn to, run from; To live in the Borderlands means knowing that denying the Anglo inside you is as bad as having denied the Indian or Black

"Black Cuban, Black American" by Evelio Grillo

Grillo's memoir is about his experience as a black Cuban immigrant in the United States who grew up in Tampa, Florida, during the 1930s among other Cuban immigrants. He and all other black Cubans was segregated from the white Cubans and ultimately integrated into the African-American community. Grillo says that the black Cuban parents, who did not speak English, did not allow their children to lose their Spanish, which led to tensions between the U.S. blacks and Cuban blacks. Further, the racial identity did not completely bridge the gulf between the two groups. "Black Americans spoke English and followed Protestant religions. Black Cubans spoke Spanish and practiced Catholicism". However, the common routines of attending the same schools, places of work, and sharing the same recreational activities overrode these initial differences. Grillo himself eventually completely assimilates to the lifestyle of American blacks, because he dealt with the same social ills of blackness (such as Jim Crow segregation and racism in school). Today, Grillo reconciles both his Black and Hispanic identities by being politically active in both Latino and black communities.

"Black Behind the Ears" by Ginetta Candelario

Candelario's non-fiction ethnography about U.S. Dominican's racial self-identity as "not black" reveals the historical and social processes that reared this now-popular belief. Through participant observation in a Dominican beauty salon, Candelario discovered exactly how prevalent "anti-black" feelings are. In her introduction, Candelario gives the reader an explanation for the title, and the major theme of her book:

Dominicans will often say 'Tenemos el negro detras de las orejas [We have black behind the ears] when speaking to matters of black and Dominican identity. They are affirming their overwhelming desire to "whiten". For much of Dominican history, the national body has been defined as not-black even as black ancestry has been acknowledged. In place of blackness, officially identity discourses and displays have held that Dominicans are racially Indian and culturally Hispanic.

Candelario interviewed hundreds of U.S. born Dominicans about their self-defined heritage, and their relationship to their perceived blackness. Second-generation Dominican youth in Providence Rhode Island mark themselves as Hispanic, as opposed to black. They show that they can "speak spanish in order to counter others' assumptions that they are "black". They are regularly mistaken for African-American, but they mark themselves as Hispanic as a preferred alternative to blackness. Dominicans are also very particular about determining group membership: who is "Hispanic" and who is "Black". There are categories in which every Dominican is placed arranged by corresponding skin color and hair type.

! Racial Category	! Racial Types Included
white	''rubioblancopelirrojoblanco jipato''
white-mulatto range	''blanco jojotoindio lavadoindio clarotrigüeño clarotrigüeño''
mulatto	''pintopinto joverojabaoindio canelo''
black-mulatto range	''trigüeño oscuroindio quemao''
black	''morenomulatoprietonegrocenizococolo''

Some of the women whom Candelario interviewed claimed a self-identity as both Black and Hispanic, unlike many other Dominican women. One woman said, "I'm still Dominican, but there is no question in my mind that I'm African. I describe myself as a black Hispanic woman. I'm black, but that's not all I am. ".

See also

African immigration to Puerto Rico

Afro-Latino

Afro-Hispanic

Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans

List of Famous Afro-Latinos

List of Hispanic and Latino Americans

White Hispanic and Latino Americans

References

Further reading

The Afro-Latin@ Project - The Afro Latin@ Project aims to document, promote, coordinate and support the development of Afro-Latin@ studies and grass roots activities in the United States. This primary focus is informed and enriched by the historical and contemporary experience of African-descendant peoples in the Americas.

Las Culturas.com - Las Culturas.com is a website filled with links to other websites about the influence of the African Diaspora on the Latin world.

RUSQ Afro-Latino Archives - An extensive list of books, films, memoirs, databases, and articles which provide more insight into the Afro-Latino experience, in and out of the United States.

External links

PBS: A CULTURAL IDENTITY An essay on the meaning of the Hispanic label. By Richard Rodriguez.

Category:African American Category:Hispanic and Latino American

name	Marc Anthony
background	solo_singer
birth name	Marco Antonio Muñiz
birth date	September 16, 1968
birth place	New York City, U.S.
instrument	Vocals
genre	Latin, salsa, pop, Latin pop, dance-pop, freestyle (early)
occupation	Singer-songwriter, actor
years active	1989–present
label	RMM Records & Video, Columbia, Sony Music Latin
website	www.marcanthonyonline.com
spouse	Jennifer Lopez(2004–present, now separated) (two children: Emma Maribel Muriz, Maximillion David Muriz) }}

Marc Anthony (born Marco Antonio Muñiz; September 16, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, actor and producer. Anthony is the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time. The two-time Grammy and three-time Latin Grammy–winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide. He is best known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads. He was married to Singer and Actress Jennifer Lopez from 2004 to 2011, when the couple announced their separation.

Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Chair's Award. He also received the "2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award" on September 16, 2009. Anthony holds the record having the most number-one singles on the Billboard Tropical Songs.

Anthony is a minority owner/limited partner of the Miami Dolphins NFL team.

Early life

Marc Anthony was born Marco Antonio Muñiz in New York City to Guillerminna, a housewife, and Felipe Muñiz, a musician and hospital lunchroom worker. His parents named him after Mexican singer Marco Antonio Muñiz. He was raised Roman Catholic.

Singing career

Muñiz began his career as a session vocalist for freestyle and Underground New York house music acts. After changing his name to avoid confusion with his namesake, Anthony worked as a songwriter and backing vocalist for pop acts including Menudo and the Latin Rascals. His first album was a freestyle music record, "Rebel", in 1988 on Bluedog Records. That same year he wrote and produced "Boy I've Been Told" for fellow freestyle artist Sa-Fire. Then in 1989, he sang backup vocals for Ann-Marie on the freestyle club hit, "With or Without You" produced by Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry. A year later, 1990, with Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry, Marc wrote and whispered a duet with Chrissy I-eece, called "You Should Know By Now". In 1991, he sang backing vocals on another freestyle track by Edmond titled "Come Back To Me". In 1992, still working with Todd Terry, he provided vocals for "Love Change" which is on the flip-side of a 12" vinyl released by Elan and The Powermachine titled "Here's Your Hat", production of Todd Terry. At the same time, he collaborated with music producer Little Louie Vega, who featured the singer on many another freestyle-flavored club hits "Ride On The Rhythm" and the "When The Night Is Over" album, which featured the Freestyle classic "Time". In 1992, Vega and Anthony opened for Latin bandleader Tito Puente at New York's Madison Square Garden. After 1992, he changed his style from freestyle to salsa and other Latin styles.

RMM Records

Otra Nota (1993) Anthony was initially reluctant to become a salsa musician and declined an offer to make a salsa album when Ralph Mercado, president of RMM Records, asked him. Anthony was in a taxi when he heard Juan Gabriel's hit song, "Hasta Que Te Conocí" which influenced him to change his mind and ask Mercado if he could record it as a salsa tune. Inspired by the music of Tito Puente, Rubén Blades and Juan Gabriel, Anthony released his Spanish-language debut, ''Otra nota'', in 1993. Anthony performed at the Radio y Musica Convention hosted by Alfredo Alonso. "Si Tu No Te Fueras", "El Ultimo Beso", "Palabras Del Alma", The album also included a cover of Bread's song, "Make It with You". Subsequent tours throughout the Americas, including an opening slot for Blades, established Anthony as one of the new stars in salsa. In 1994, he was featured in La India's album ''Dicen Que Soy'', on the song "Vivir Lo Nuestro".

His 1995 follow-up, ''Todo a su tiempo'', won Anthony a ''Billboard'' award for Hot Tropical Artist of the Year. The album was also nominated for a Grammy with songs like "Te Conozco Bien", "Hasta Ayer", "Nadie Como Ella", "Se Me Sigue Olvidando", "Te Amare", and "Llegaste A Mi". The album has sold more than 800,000 copies and has become established gold in the US and in Puerto Rico.

Anthony's next Spanish language album, ''Contra la Corriente'', was followed by the television special ''Marc Anthony: The Concert from Madison Square Garden'', broadcast on HBO on Valentine's Day 2000. The special was nominated for Music Special of the Year from ''TV Guide''. The album's song "Y Hubo Alguien" became his first number-one single on the ''Billboard'' Hot Latin Tracks Chart and the first by a salsa musician. The album became the first salsa album to enter the English language ''Billboard'' 200 chart. After an ongoing battle with RMM, he severed ties with Ralph Mercado and left the label in 1999.

Move to Sony

Anthony subsequently recorded the duet "No Me Ames" with Jennifer Lopez on her album ''On the 6'', giving her an assist in her Spanish language crossover attempt.

In 1999, riding the crossover wave of Enrique Iglesias and Ricky Martin in the Anglophone market, Anthony, working with producers Walter Afanasieff, Cory Rooney, Dan Shea, and Rodney Jerkins, released an English-language, self-titled album with the US Top 5 single "I Need to Know", and the Spanish version, "Dímelo". His song "You Sang To Me" was featured in ''Runaway Bride''. A dance version was remixed by Dutch producer Rene Van Verseveld. The album debuted at number eight on the ''Billboard'' album chart, and six weeks later went platinum; it eventually was certified triple platinum.The song "I Need To Know" earned a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

In 2001, he debuted another salsa album, ''Libre'', which was certified gold with songs like "Celos", "Este Loco Que Te Mira", and "Viviendo". The album spent 14 weeks at the number-one spot on the ''Billboard'' Top Latin Albums chart. The year after that, he made another English-language album, ''Mended''.

In June 2004, Anthony released a Latin pop album, ''Amar Sin Mentiras''. The following month, he reintroduced its songs with a danceable salsa rhythm in another album, ''Valio La Pena''. The song "Escapémonos" was a duet with Jennifer Lopez. In the 2005 Latin Grammy Awards, his ''Amar Sin Mentiras'' won best Latin Pop Album of The Year, and his ''Valió La Pena'' won Best Tropical Album of the Year. Lopez and Anthony performed "Escapémonos" at the 2005 Grammy Awards.

On July 11, 2006, Anthony released ''Sigo Siendo Yo'', a Spanish greatest-hits album. On May 2010 realized "Iconos" – as tribute of old Latin songs by artists such as José Luis Perales, Juan Gabriel and José José.

Acting career

Anthony played supporting roles in projects including 1995's ''Hackers'', and 1996's ''Big Night'' and ''The Substitute''. He appeared with Rubén Blades and Puerto Rican pop singer Ednita Nazario in Paul Simon's 1998 stage musical, ''The Capeman'', which ran for 68 performances. He had a role in Martin Scorsese's 1999 drama ''Bringing Out the Dead'', and in 2001, opposite Salma Hayek, was in the film ''In the Time of the Butterflies''. In ''Man On Fire'' (2004), Anthony, opposite Denzel Washington, played a wealthy businessman who hires a former U.S. Marine to protect his daughter from kidnappers in Mexico City. In 2007, Anthony starred in ''El Cantante'', a biographical drama about the life of salsa music legend Héctor Lavoe, who died in 1993 from AIDS complications. Anthony's then-wife, Jennifer Lopez, narrated the story and portrayed Lavoe's wife. The film, released in August 2007, received weak reviews. In 2010, Anthony guest-starred in two episodes of the TNT medical drama "HawthoRNe" as a detective and the title character's (Jada Pinkett Smith) love interest. He was later named the executive music producer of the show. In 2011, Anthony in partnership with Lopez Simon Fuller, and concert director Jamie King launched ''Q'Viva: The Chosen'', a reality television talent search for Latin American performers.

Appearances

He appeared at the Movies Rock concert along with his wife Jennifer Lopez in 2007 where he performed Simon & Garfunkel's "Mrs. Robinson".

Anthony sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" when Oscar De La Hoya fought Floyd Mayweather Jr. for the WBC Welterweight title.

On September 21, 2001 he also sang the national anthem at Shea Stadium in the first game after the attack on the World Trade Center. On September 28, 2008, he sang the national anthem again at Shea Stadium for the New York Mets final regular season game. Also in 2001 he appeared in the 30th anniversary concert celebration 30 years of Michael Jackson's music. On September 11, 2011, he once again sang the national anthem at Citi Field in remembrance of the 10 year anniversary of the attacks.

On October 12, 2009, Anthony sang the national anthem as the Miami Dolphins played their fifth regular season game against the New York Jets.

In 2010, Anthony appeared alongside Pitbull on the Cypress Hill single "Armada Latina" for their latest album, ''Rise Up''.

On June 25, 2010, Anthony performed as part of a tribute concert to Michael Jackson on CBS News' The Early Show.

In August, 2010, Anthony guest-starred in two episodes of the television series ''HawthoRNe'' as Detective Nick Renata.

On November 11, 2010 Anthony performed his cover of "Y Como Es El" along with the original singer José Luis Perales at the Latin Grammys.

On June 12, 2011 Anthony performed "The Star Spangled Banner" before Game 6 of the 2011 NBA Finals.

On July 22, 2011 Anthony appeared on the Pitbull single "Rain Over Me" for Pitbull's latest album, PlanetPit

Personal life

In 1994, Anthony's ex-girlfriend Debbie, a NYC police officer, gave birth to their daughter Ariana.

Marc married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9, 2000 in Las Vegas. They have two sons, Cristian Marcus Muñiz (February 5, 2001) and Ryan Adrian Muñiz (August 16, 2003). It was a rocky marriage, and they separated in early 2002. They later reconciled and renewed their vows in a formal ceremony on December 7, 2002 at San Juan's Cathedral in Puerto Rico. The rocky marriage came to an end in October 2003 with Dayanara filing for divorce in January 2004. Less than a week after the divorce was finalized, Marc Anthony married Jennifer Lopez on June 5, 2004. To help in her recovery from the divorce, Dayanara traded her engagement ring for a diamond-encrusted Cartier watch and wrote the book ''Married to Me: How Committing to Myself Led to Triumph After Divorce''.

When his divorce proceedings began, Anthony was spotted with long-time friend Jennifer Lopez. Prior to his first marriage and her second, they had briefly dated. Lopez and Anthony recorded a duet in 2004, for Lopez's film ''Shall We Dance?'' Lopez and Anthony married on June 5, 2004, less than a week after his divorce was finalized on June 1. Guests had been invited to an "afternoon party", unaware they were attending a wedding. In February 2005, Lopez said about the marriage, "Everyone knows. It's not a secret." Months later, Anthony's daughter appeared in Lopez's video "Get Right".

Twins Emme Maribel Muñiz and Maximillian David Muñiz were born February 22, 2008. ''People'' paid $6 million for the first photos of the twins. As of at least January 2008, Anthony and his family reside in Brookville, New York, on Long Island.

In 2009, Anthony and Lopez purchased a stake in the Miami Dolphins. They joined several personalities in buying small stakes in the club, including Gloria and Emilio Estefan, Venus and Serena Williams, and Fergie.

On July 15, 2011, Anthony and Lopez announced their separation. Even though they are separating, their upcoming international talent show, "!Q'Viva!" and Kohl's fashion and home lines will go as planned.

By 2012, he had started to date model Shannon de Lima.

Discography

{{external media | align = center | audio1 = You may listen to Marc Anthony's interpretation of Hernandez' "Preciosa" here | audio2 = and "Lamento Borincano" here }}

Studio albums

1991: ''When the Night is Over''

1993: ''Otra Nota''

1995: ''Todo a Su Tiempo''

1997: ''Hasta Que Te Conoci''

1997: ''Contra la Corriente''

1999: ''Marc Anthony''

2001: ''Libre''

2002: ''Mended''

2004: ''Amar Sin Mentiras''

2004: ''Valió la Pena''

2006: Sigo siendo yo

2007: ''El Cantante''

2010: ''Iconos''

Filmography

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1988	''East Side Story''	Flaco	Singer
1993	''Carlito's Way''	Cameo Appearance	Sings "Parece Mentira"
1994	''Natural Causes''	Marine Guard
1995		Agent Kee
1996	''Big Night''	Cristiano
1996	''The Substitute''	Juan Lucas
1999	''Bringing Out The Dead''	Noel
2001		Lio
2004		Samuel Ramos
2007	''El Cantante''	Héctor Lavoe
2010–2011	''HawthoRNe'' (TV series)	Officer Nick Renata	Guest: "A Mother Knows", "Picture Perfect"Main Season 3
2011	''Lopez Tonight'' (Talk Show)	Himself	Guest
2011	''The Tonight Show'' (Talk Show)	Himself	Guest

Awards and nominations

See also

List of famous Puerto Ricans

List of Number 1 Dance Hits (United States)

List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart

References

External links

Official Website

Marc Anthony at Billboard.com

Category:1968 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American dance musicians Category:American male singers Category:American people of Puerto Rican descent Category:American musicians of Puerto Rican descent Category:Columbia Records artists Category:American freestyle musicians Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:Latin pop singers Category:Living people Category:People from New York City Category:Salsa musicians Category:Songwriters from New York Category:Spanish-language singers Category:Jennifer Lopez

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