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Franks
The Franks ( or gens Francorum) were a West Germanic tribal confederation first attested in the third century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite would be one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe.
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Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte (French: Napoléon Bonaparte , Italian: Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a military and political leader of France and Emperor of the French as Napoleon I, whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century.
http://wn.com/Napoleon_I
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Aisne () is a department in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River.
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Artois (; adjective Artesian; ) is a former province of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune.
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The CaribbeanPronounced or . Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. Royal Caribbean, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.; Dutch ; or more commonly Antilles is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and North America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
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Flanders (Dutch: , ) is the (political) community of the Flemings but also one of the institutions in Belgium, and a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied.
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{{Infobox country
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Oise () is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise.
http://wn.com/Oise -
Picardy (, ) is one of the 26 regions of France. It is located in the northern part of France.
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Somme is a département of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. It is part of the Picardie region of France.
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Vermandois was a French county, that appears in the Merovingian period. In the tenth century, it was organised around two castellan domains: St Quentin (Aisne) and Péronne (Somme). Pepin I of Vermandois, the earliest of its hereditary counts, was descended in direct male line from the emperor Charlemagne. More famous was his grandson Herbert II (902–943), a man absolutely devoid of scruples, who considerably increased the territorial power of the house of Vermandois, and kept the lawful king of France, the unlucky Charles the Simple, prisoner for six years. Herbert II was son of Herbert I, lord of Péronne and St Quentin, who was killed in 902 by an assassin in the pay of Baldwin II, Count of Flanders. His successors, Albert I, Herbert III, Albert II, Otto and Herbert IV, were not as historically significant.
http://wn.com/Vermandois
- Amiens
- Artois
- Battle of the Somme
- Boulogne-sur-Mer
- Calais
- Caribbean
- Count of Boulogne
- Dutch language
- département
- Flanders
- fodder
- Franks
- French Revolution
- languages of France
- Laonnois
- Latin Quarter
- Middle Ages
- Napoleon I
- Napoleonic Wars
- Netherlands
- Nord-Pas de Calais
- Oise
- open field system
- P'tit quinquin
- Picard language
- Picardy (region)
- Ponthieu
- province of France
- Regions of France
- Romance languages
- Roses of Picardy
- région
- Somme
- Sorbonne University
- sugar beet
- Vermandois
Justine Picardie
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- Aisne
- Amiens
- Artois
- Battle of the Somme
- Boulogne-sur-Mer
- Calais
- Caribbean
- Count of Boulogne
- Dutch language
- département
- Flanders
- fodder
- Franks
- French Revolution
- languages of France
- Laonnois
- Latin Quarter
- Middle Ages
- Napoleon I
- Napoleonic Wars
- Netherlands
- Nord-Pas de Calais
- Oise
- open field system
- P'tit quinquin
- Picard language
- Picardy (region)
- Ponthieu
- province of France
- Regions of France
- Romance languages
- Roses of Picardy
- région
- Somme
- Sorbonne University
- sugar beet
- Vermandois
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Name | Picardy |
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Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | France |
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The area was occupied by the Franks in the 5th century and in the feudal period it encompassed the six countships of Boulogne, Montreuil, Ponthieu, Amiénois, Vermandois, and Laonnois.
During the Middle Ages, the name applied to a much larger area than that thought of now as Picardy. This 'Picardy' referred to France north of Paris plus Dutch-speaking Flanders. This area corresponds to all the territories from Paris to the Netherlands. In the Latin Quarter of Paris, people identified a "Picard Nation" (Nation Picarde) of students at Sorbonne University, most of whom actually came from Flanders.
In a narrower sense, Picardy refers to the area covered by the gouvernement (military region) of Picardy as created in the 16th century. This area is the Somme département, the northern half of the Aisne département, and a small fringe in the north of the Oise département. This is what most people think of as Picardy today. The older definition survives in the name of the Picard language, which applies not only to the dialects of Picardy proper, but also to the Romance dialects spoken in the Nord-Pas de Calais région, north of Picardy proper.
Picardy proper now lies inside the administrative region of Picardy, making up half of this region. Before the French Revolution, the coastal areas of Boulogne-sur-Mer and Calais were considered part of Picardy, but are now part of the Nord-Pas de Calais région. However, anciently these areas belonged to the province of Artois, and had been detached from Artois in the 15th century.
The region of Picardy has a strong and proud cultural identity. The Picard (the local inhabitant and traditionally Picard language speakers) cultural heritage includes some of the most extraordinary Gothic churches (Amiens and Beauvais cathedrals or Saint-Quentin basilica), distinctive local cuisine (including ficelle picarde, flamiche aux poireaux, tarte au maroilles), beer (including from Péronne's de Clercq brewery) and traditional games and sports, such as the longue paume (ancestor of tennis), as well as danses picardes and its own bagpipes, called the pipasso.
Northern Picardy is a vast plain with open fields, famed for the gruesome Battle of the Somme. The region stretches from the long sand beaches of the Somme estuary in the west to the vast forests and pastures of the Thiérache in the east and down to the chateaux of Chantilly or Pierrefonds near the Paris Area and vineyards of the border with Champagne (Champagne picarde) to the south. The main crops of Picardy are wheat, sugar beet, and fodder. Sugar beet was introduced by Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars in order to counter the United Kingdom which had seized the sugar islands possessed by France in the Caribbean. The sugar industry made the fortune of Picardy in the 19th century.
Villages of Picardy have a distinct character, with their houses made of red bricks, often graced with a "lace" of white bricks. A minority of people still speak the Picard language, one of the languages of France, which is also spoken in Artois (Nord-Pas de Calais région). "P'tit quinquin", a Picard song, is a symbol of the local culture (and of that of Artois).
In 2009, the Regional Committee for local government reform proposed to reduce the number of French regions and cancel out additions of new regions in the near future. Picardy impacted by the reform would have disappeared and each department would have joined a nearby region. The Oise would have been incorporated in the Île-de-France, the Somme would have been incorporated in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Aisne would have been incorporated in the Champagne-Ardenne. The vast majority of Picards were opposed to this proposal and it was scrapped in 2010 (see newspaper: "Courrier Picard").
In popular culture
Notes
References
Category:Former provinces of France
af:Picardie ca:Picardia da:Picardie de:Picardie es:Picardía fr:Picardie it:Piccardia (provincia) ka:პიკარდია la:Picardia (provincia) hu:Picardie nl:Picardië ja:ピカルディ地域圏 pl:Pikardia pt:Picardia sv:Picardie uk:ПікардіяThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.