The year 1944 in film involved some significant events, including the wholesome, award-winning ''Going My Way'' plus popular murder mysteries such as ''Double Indemnity'', ''Gaslight'' and ''Laura''.

Events

July 20 - ''Since You Went Away'' is released.

September 6 - ''Double Indemnity'' is released.

Top grossing films (U.S.)

Title

Rank	|	Studio	Actors
1.	''Going My Way''	Paramount	Bing Crosby
2.	''Meet Me in St. Louis''	MGM	Judy Garland
3.	''Since You Went Away''	United Artists	Claudette Colbert, Jennifer Jones and Shirley Temple
4.		20th Century Fox	Betty Grable
5.		Warner Bros.	John Garfield, Bette Davis, Joan Crawford
6.		Paramount	Fred MacMurray and Barbara Stanwyck
7.		MGM	Ingrid Bergman and Charles Boyer
8.		Columbia	Rita Hayworth and Gene Kelly
9.		20th Century Fox	Gene Tierney and Dana Andrews
10.		Warner Bros.	Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall

Awards

Academy Awards:

:Best Picture: ''Going My Way'' - Paramount :Best Director: Leo McCarey - ''Going My Way'' :Best Actor: Bing Crosby - ''Going My Way'' :Best Actress: Ingrid Bergman - ''Gaslight'' :Best Supporting Actor: Barry Fitzgerald - ''Going My Way'' :Best Supporting Actress: Ethel Barrymore - ''None but the Lonely Heart''

Golden Globe Awards:

:Best Picture: ''Going My Way'' :Best Director: Leo McCarey, ''Going My Way'' :Best Actor: Alexander Knox - ''Wilson'' :Best Actress: Ingrid Bergman - ''Gaslight''

Films released in 1944

U.S. unless stated

''The Adventures of Mark Twain''

''Arsenic and Old Lace'', directed by Frank Capra, starring Cary Grant and Priscilla Lane

''Between Two Worlds''

''The Bridge of San Luis Rey''

''Buffalo Bill'', starring Joel McCrea and Maureen O'Hara

''Can't Help Singing''

''A Canterbury Tale'', written and directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, starring Eric Portman - ( U.K.)

''The Canterville Ghost'', starring Charles Laughton

''Casanova Brown'', starring Gary Cooper

'' Champagne Charlie'', directed by Alberto Cavalcanti, starring Tommy Trinder and Stanley Holloway - (U.K.)

''The Children Are Watching Us'' (I bambini ci guardano), directed by Vittorio De Sica - ( Italy)

''Christmas Holiday'', starring Gene Kelly

''The Climax'', starring Boris Karloff

''The Conspirators'', starring Paul Henreid and Hedy Lamarr

''Cover Girl'', starring Rita Hayworth and Gene Kelly

''Cry of the Werewolf''

''Double Indemnity'', directed by Billy Wilder, starring Fred MacMurray, Barbara Stanwyck and Edward G. Robinson

''Dragon Seed'', starring Katharine Hepburn

''The Fighting Seabees'', starring John Wayne and Susan Hayward

''Frenchman's Creek'', starring Joan Fontaine and Basil Rathbone

''Die Feuerzangenbowle'' (The Punch Bowl) - ( Germany)

''Gaslight'', starring Ingrid Bergman and Charles Boyer

''Going My Way'', directed by Leo McCarey, starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald - winner of 7 Oscars

''Hail the Conquering Hero'', starring Eddie Bracken and Ella Raines

''To Have And Have Not'', directed by Howard Hawks, starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall

''Henry V'', directed by and starring Laurence Olivier - (U.K.)

''Hollywood Canteen''

''Home in Indiana''

''The Hour Before the Dawn'', starring Veronica Lake

''House of Frankenstein''

''I Accuse My Parents'', starring Mary Beth Hughes

''I'll Be Seeing You''

''In Our Time'', starring Ida Lupino and Paul Henreid

''In Society'', starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello

''It Happened Tomorrow'', starring Dick Powell

''Ivan the Terrible'' (Ivan Grozniy), by director Sergei Eisenstein, starring Nikolai Cherkasov - ( U.S.S.R.)

'' Jane Eyre'', directed by Robert Stevenson, starring Orson Welles and Joan Fontaine

''The Keys of the Kingdom'', starring Gregory Peck, Cedric Hardwicke, Vincent Price, and Roddy McDowall

''Kismet'', starring Ronald Colman and Marlene Dietrich

''Lady in the Dark''

''Lady, Let's Dance'', ice skating musical starring Belita and comedy ice team Frick and Frack

''Laura'', directed by Otto Preminger, starring Gene Tierney, Dana Andrews and Clifton Webb

''Lifeboat'', directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Tallulah Bankhead and John Hodiak

''The Lodger'', starring Merle Oberon

''Lost in a Harem'', starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello

''Man from Frisco'' directed by Robert Florey, starring Michael O'Shea and Anne Shirley.

''The Mask of Dimitrios''

''Meet Me in St. Louis'', starring Judy Garland

''Meet the People''

''Ministry of Fear'', starring Ray Milland

''The Miracle of Morgan's Creek'', directed by Preston Sturges, starring Eddie Bracken and Betty Hutton

''Mr. Skeffington'', starring Bette Davis and Claude Rains

''Mrs. Parkington'', starring Greer Garson

''The Mummy's Curse''

''The Mummy's Ghost''

''Murder, My Sweet'' (aka Farewell My Lovely), starring Dick Powell and Claire Trevor

''National Velvet'', starring Elizabeth Taylor and Mickey Rooney

''None but the Lonely Heart'', starring Cary Grant

''None Shall Escape''

''North East Corner''

''On Approval'', starring Clive Brook and Googie Withers - (U.K.)

''Passage to Marseille''

''The Pearl of Death'', a Sherlock Holmes mystery starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce

''Phantom Lady'', starring Franchot Tone and Ella Raines

''Pin Up Girl'', starring Betty Grable

''The Princess and the Pirate''

''The Purple Heart''

''The Return of the Vampire''

''The Scarlet Claw'', a Sherlock Holmes mystery starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce

''The Seventh Cross''

''Since You Went Away'', starring Claudette Colbert, Jennifer Jones and Shirley Temple

''Song of Russia''

''The Spider Woman'', a Sherlock Holmes mystery featuring Gale Sondergaard

''The Sullivans'', starring Anne Baxter

''The Suspect'', starring Charles Laughton

''Sunday Dinner for a Soldier''

''Tall in the Saddle''

''Thirty Seconds over Tokyo'', starring Spencer Tracy

''This Happy Breed'', directed by David Lean, starring John Mills and Celia Johnson - (U.K.)

''The Three Caballeros''

''Torment'' (Hets), directed by Alf Sjoberg - ( Sweden)

''The Uninvited'', starring Ray Milland

''Voodoo Man'', starring Bela Lugosi

''The Way Ahead'', directed by Carol Reed - (U.K.)

''The White Cliffs of Dover''

''Wilson'', biographical film about President Woodrow Wilson, starring Charles Coburn

''The Woman in the Window'', starring Edward G. Robinson and Joan Bennett

''The Yellow Rose of Texas'' with Roy Rogers and Dale Evans

Serials

''Black Arrow''

''Captain America'', starring Dick Purcell

''The Desert Hawk'', starring Gilbert Roland and Charles Middleton

''The Great Alaskan Mystery''

''Haunted Harbor'', starring Kane Richmond

''Mystery of the River Boat''

''Raiders of Ghost City''

''The Tiger Woman'', starring Linda Stirling

''Zorro's Black Whip'', starring Linda Stirling

Short film series

''Our Gang'' (1922-1944)

''The Three Stooges'' (1934-1959)

Animated short film series

''Mickey Mouse'' (1928-1953)

''Looney Tunes'' (1930-1969)

''Terrytoons'' (1930-1964)

''Merrie Melodies'' (1931-1969)

''Scrappy'' (1931-1941)

''Popeye'' (1933-1957)

''Color Rhapsodies'' (1934-1949)

''Donald Duck'' (1934-1956)

''Goofy'' (1939-1955)

''Andy Panda'' (1939-1949)

''Tom and Jerry'' (1940-1958)

''Bugs Bunny'' (1940-1962)

''Woody Woodpecker'' (1941-1949)

''Swing Symphonies'' (1941-1945)

''The Fox and the Crow'' (1941-1950)

''Red Hot Riding Hood'' (1943-1949)

''Droopy'' (1943-1958)

''Screwball Squirrel'' (1944-1946)

''Sylvester the Cat'' (1944-1966)

Births

January 23 - Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor

February 3 - Trisha Noble, Australian singer and actress

February 13 - Stockard Channing, actress

February 14 - Alan Parker, English director, producer and screenwriter

February 22 - Jonathan Demme, director, producer and screenwriter

February 29 - Dennis Farina, actor

March 26 - Diana Ross, singer and actress

April 30 - Jill Clayburgh, actress (d. 2010)

May 5 - John Rhys-Davies, English actor

May 10 - Jim Abrahams, director, producer and screenwriter

May 14 - George Lucas, director, producer and screenwriter

May 25 - Frank Oz, English director and puppeteer

June 29 - Gary Busey, actor

July 31 - Geraldine Chaplin, actress

August 7 - John Glover, actor

August 9 - Sam Elliott, actor

August 11 - Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor

August 21 - Peter Weir, Australian director, producer and screenwriter

September 13 - Jacqueline Bisset, English actress

September 25 - Michael Douglas, actor and producer

November 17 - Danny DeVito, actor, comedian, producer and director

November 21 - Harold Ramis, actor, director and screenwriter

December 5 - Jeroen Krabbe, Dutch actor and director

December 17 - Bernard Hill, English actor

Deaths

July 20 - Mildred Harris, actress

December 13 - Lupe Vélez, actress (b. 1908)

December 15 - Glenn Miller, musician, actor (b. 1904)

Film Debuts

Lauren Bacall

Angela Lansbury

Gregory Peck

Jean Simmons

Category:Years in film

de:Filmjahr 1944 es:Anexo:Cine en 1944 fr:1944 au cinéma he:1944 בקולנוע hu:1944 a filmművészetben nl:Film in 1944 no:Filmåret 1944 pl:1944 w filmie pt:1944 no cinema ru:1944 год в кино sq:1944 në film fi:Elokuvavuosi 1944 sv:Filmåret 1944 uk:1944 у кіно

Coordinates	45°30′″N73°40′″N
Name	Eugene Bondurant Sledge
Birth date	November 04, 1923
Death date	March 03, 2001
Nickname	Sledgehammer
Birth place	Mobile, Alabama
Death place	Montevallo, Alabama
Placeofburial	Pine Crest Cemetery
Placeofburial label	Place of burial
Allegiance
Branch
Serviceyears	1942–1946
Rank
Unit	King Company, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines 1st Marine Division|battles World War II*Battle of Peleliu*Battle of Okinawa
Laterwork	Professor of Biology, Author }}

Eugene Bondurant Sledge (November 4, 1923 – March 3, 2001) was a United States Marine, university professor, and author. His 1981 memoir ''With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa'' chronicled his combat experiences during World War II and was subsequently used as source material for Ken Burns's PBS documentary, ''The War'', as well as the HBO miniseries ''The Pacific'', in which he is portrayed by Joseph Mazzello.

Early life

Eugene Bondurant Sledge was born on November 4, 1923 and grew up at Georgia Cottage in Mobile, Alabama. The great-grandson of Confederate officers, Sledge was bookish and frail as a child. However, his physician father brought him up to be accustomed to the outdoors. Having learned to fish and hunt from his father, he was fond of venturing outdoors into the woods with Sidney Phillips, his best friend.

After Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941, Sledge wished to join the Marines with Phillips. But, according to Phillips he had been delayed in school due to rheumatic fever. A residual rheumatic heart murmur prevented him from joining up at that time and Phillips went off to the recruitment post without him. Sledge graduated from Murphy High School in Mobile in May 1942, and entered Marion Military Institute in Marion, Alabama, that fall.

Military career

Sledge was enrolled in the Marion Military Institute but instead chose to volunteer for the U.S. Marine Corps in December 1942. He was placed in the V-12 officer training program and was sent to Georgia Tech where he and half of his detachment "flunked out" so they would be allowed to serve their time as enlistees and not "miss the war". Once he was out of school he was assigned duty as an enlisted man and was eventually assigned to K (King) Company, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division (K/3/5). He achieved the rank of Private First Class in the Pacific Theater and saw combat as a 60 mm mortarman at Peleliu and Okinawa. When fighting grew too close for effective use of the mortar he served in other duties such as stretcher bearer and providing rifle fire.

During his service, Sledge kept notes of what happened in his pocket sized New Testament. When the war ended, he took these notes and compiled them into the memoir that was to be known as ''With the Old Breed''. After being posted to Beijing (sometimes called Peking, but then known as Peiping), China after the war, he was discharged from the Marine Corps in February 1946 with the rank of Corporal.

Post-war

After the war, Sledge attended Auburn University (then known as Alabama Polytechnic Institute) where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity and received a Bachelor of Science degree in the summer of 1949. Sledge, like many other war veterans, had a hard time readjusting to civilian life. “As I strolled the streets of Mobile, civilian life seemed so strange,” Sledge wrote. “People rushed around in a hurry about seemingly insignificant things. Few seemed to realize how blessed they were to be free and untouched by the horrors of war. To them, a veteran was a veteran – all were the same, whether one man had survived the deadliest combat or another had pounded a typewriter while in uniform.”

Once an avid hunter, Sledge gave up his hobby. He found that he could not endure the thought of wounding a bird and said that killing a deer felt like shooting a cow in a pasture. His father found him weeping after a dove hunt where Sledge had to kill a wounded dove and in the ensuing conversations he told his father he could no longer tolerate seeing any suffering. A key turning point in his life and career followed when his father advised him that he could substitute bird watching as a hobby. Sledge started to assist the conservation department in its banding study efforts, the origin of his well known passion for the science of ornithology.

When he came to enroll at Auburn University, the clerk at the Registrar's office asked him if the Marine Corps taught him anything useful. Sledge replied saying "Lady, there was a killing war. The Marine Corps taught me how to kill Japs and try to survive. Now, if that don't fit into any academic course, I'm sorry. But some of us had to do the killing — and most of my buddies got killed or wounded." He found his salvation in science, it kept the flashbacks of Peleliu and Okinawa at bay. Close, constant study of nature prevented him from going mad; however, the war stayed with him, and finally at the urging of his wife, he began to put his thoughts on paper, at last allowing him to put his horrors behind him. He returned to Auburn in 1953 where he worked as a research assistant until 1955. That same year he graduated from API with a Master of Science degree in botany.

Doctorate and later work

From 1956 to 1960 Sledge attended the University of Florida and worked as a research assistant. He published numerous papers on helminthology and in 1956 joined the Helminthological Society of Washington. He received his doctorate in biology from the University of Florida in 1960. He was employed by the Division of Plant Industry for the Florida State Department of Agriculture from 1959 to 1962.

In the summer of 1962, Sledge was appointed Assistant Professor of Biology at Alabama College (now the University of Montevallo). In 1970 he became a professor, a position he held until his retirement in 1990. He taught zoology, ornithology, comparative vertebrate anatomy and other courses during his long tenure there. Sledge was popular with his students, organizing field trips and collections around town. Eugene Sledge died after a long battle with stomach cancer in 2001. He was survived by his wife of nearly 50 years, Jeanne, and their two sons, John and Henry.

Bibliography

''With the Old Breed''

In 1981, Sledge published ''With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa'', a memoir of his World War II service with the United States Marine Corps. ''With the Old Breed'' was reprinted in 1990 (with an introduction by Paul Fussell) and again in 2007 (with an introduction by Victor Davis Hanson). In 1992, Sledge was featured in the documentary film ''Peleliu 1944: Horror in the Pacific''. In April 2007, it was announced that ''With the Old Breed'', along with Robert Leckie's ''Helmet for My Pillow'', would form the basis for the HBO series ''The Pacific'', from the same producers as ''Band of Brothers''.

''China Marine''

A second memoir, ''China Marine: An Infantryman's Life after World War II'', was published posthumously. Its initial hard bound edition, with foreword by Stephen E. Ambrose, was published May 10, 2002 by University of Alabama Press and did not have the subtitle listed. It was republished in a 2003 paperback edition with the subtitle by Oxford University Press. ''China Marine'' discussed his postwar service in Peiping (now known as Beijing), his return home to Mobile, and his recovery from the psychological trauma of warfare.

Awards and decorations

His decorations and medals include: {| |- | | | | |- | | | | |}

	width="25%"
China Service Medal	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal		Navy Occupation Service Medal

See also

List of non-fiction writers

List of people from Alabama

Lists of writers

Notes

External links

Category:1923 births Category:2001 deaths Category:People from Mobile, Alabama Category:Auburn University alumni Category:American military personnel of World War II Category:United States Marines Category:American memoirists Category:American biologists Category:Deaths from stomach cancer Category:Marion Military Institute alumni Category:University of Florida alumni Category:Writers from Alabama Category:University of Montevallo faculty

es:Eugene Sledge fr:Eugene Sledge nl:Eugene Sledge ja:ユージーン・スレッジ pl:Eugene Sledge pt:Eugene Sledge zh:尤金·史賴吉

David Raksin (August 4, 1912 - August 9, 2004) was an American composer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. With over 100 film scores and 300 television scores to his credit, he became known as the "Grandfather of Film Music." One of his earliest film assignments was as assistant to Charlie Chaplin in the composition of the score to ''Modern Times'' (1936). He is perhaps best remembered for the haunting theme to the 1944 movie ''Laura'', which became the 1945 song "Laura". Johnny Mercer put lyrics to this theme, and during Raksin's lifetime this was said to be the second most-recorded song in history following only ''Stardust'' by Hoagy Carmichael and Mitchell Parish. He also wrote the theme song for (and scored the pilot of) ''Ben Casey''.

Raksin's father was an orchestra conductor. Raksin played professionally in dance bands while attending Central High School of Philadelphia. He went on to study composition with Harl McDonald at the University of Pennsylvania and later with Isadore Freed in New York and Arnold Schoenberg in Los Angeles. In New York Raksin worked as an arranger for Harms/Chappell.

Later in life, Raksin taught at the University of Southern California and the University of California, Los Angeles.

At the time of his death, it was announced that Raksin had completed his autobiography, titled ''If I Say So Myself''.

His son Alex is a Pulitzer Prize winning editorial writer for the ''Los Angeles Times''.

Film/TV scores - selected list

''The Day After'' (1983)

''Glass Houses'' (1972)

''Will Penny'' (1968)

''A Big Hand for the Little Lady'' (1966)

''Invitation to a Gunfighter'' (1964)

''The Patsy'' (1964)

''Two Weeks in Another Town'' (1962)

''Too Late Blues'' (1961 or 1962)

''Ben Casey'' (1961) TV Series

''Two Faces West'' (1960) TV Series

''Al Capone'' (1959)

''Separate Tables'' (1958)

''Until They Sail'' (1957)

''Man on Fire'' (1957)

''20 Million Miles to Earth'' (1957)

''Hellcats of the Navy'' (1957)

''Hilda Crane'' (1956)

''Jubal'' (1956)

''Seven Wonders of the World'' (1955) (with Sol Kaplan, Jerome Moross, Emil Newman)

''The Big Combo'' (1955)

''Suddenly'' (1954)

''Apache'' (1954)

''The Bad and the Beautiful'' (1952)

''Madeline'' (cartoon) (1952)

''Carrie'' (1952)

''Pat and Mike'' (1952)

''It's a Big Country'' (1951)

''Across the Wide Missouri'' (1951)

''The Next Voice You Hear...'' (1950)

''The Magnificent Yankee'' (1950)

''Whirlpool'' (1949)

''Force of Evil'' (1948)

''Superman'' (1948)

''Daisy Kenyon'' (1947)

''Forever Amber'' (1947)

''The Secret Life of Walter Mitty'' (1947)

''Fallen Angel'' (1945)

''Laura'' (1944)

''Tampico'' (1944)

''Something to Shout About'' (1943)

''City Without Men'' (1943)

''The Men in Her Life'' (1941)

''The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes'' (1939)

''Stanley and Livingstone'' (1939)

''The Hound of the Baskervilles'' (1939)

''Suez'' (1938)

''Modern Times'' (arranger)(1936)

Work on Broadway

''Parade'' (1935) - revue - co-orchestrator

''At Home Abroad'' (1935) - revue - co-orchestrator

''New Faces of 1936'' (1936) - revue - co-orchestrator

''If the Shoe Fits'' (1946) - musical - composer

''Dream'' (1997) - revue - featured songwriter for "Laura"

See also

The Film Music Society

Footnotes

External links

Brief biography from Otherminds.org

Film Composers Tributes - David Raksin

Obituary ''The New York Times'' (August 11, 2004)

Interviews

Streaming audio interview with Raksin, by Charles Amirkhanian, January 28, 1988

David Raksin interview by Bruce Duffie, May 1988

Category:1912 births Category:2004 deaths Category:Jewish composers and songwriters Category:American film score composers Category:American Jews Category:Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni Category:University of Southern California faculty Category:University of California, Los Angeles faculty

ca:David Raksin de:David Raksin es:David Raksin fr:David Raksin it:David Raksin ja:デイヴィッド・ラクシン pl:David Raksin zh:大卫·拉克辛

Coordinates	45°30′″N73°40′″N
name	Ginger Rogers
birth name	Virginia Katherine McMath
birth date	July 16, 1911
birth place	Independence, Missouri, U.S.
death date	April 25, 1995
death place	Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.
occupation	Actress, singer, artist, and dancer
years active	1925–94
spouse	Jack Pepper (1929–31; divorced)Lew Ayres (1934–41; divorced)Jack Briggs (1943–49; divorced)Jacques Bergerac (1953–57; divorced)William Marshall (1961–69; divorced) }}

Ginger Rogers (July 16, 1911 – April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer, and singer who appeared in film, and on stage, radio, and television throughout much of the 20th century.

During her long career, she made a total of 73 films, and is noted for her role as Fred Astaire's romantic interest and dancing partner in a series of ten Hollywood musical films that revolutionized the genre. She also achieved great success in a variety of film roles and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in ''Kitty Foyle'' (1940). She ranks #14 on the AFI's 100 Years…100 Stars list of actress screen legends.

Early life

Rogers was born Virginia Katherine McMath in Independence, Missouri, the daughter of William Eddins McMath, an electrical engineer, and his wife Lela Emogene Owens (1891–1977). Ginger's parents separated soon after her birth, and she and her mother went to live with her grandparents, Walter and Saphrona (née Ball) Owens, in nearby Kansas City. Rogers' parents fought over her custody, with her father even kidnapping her twice. After her parents divorced, Rogers stayed with her grandparents while her mother wrote scripts for two years in Hollywood.

Rogers was to remain close to her grandfather (much later, when she was a star in 1939, she bought him a home at 5115 Greenbush Avenue in Sherman Oaks, California so that he could be close to her while she was filming at the studios).

One of Rogers' young cousins, Helen, had a hard time pronouncing her first name, shortening it to "Ginga"; the nickname stuck.

When Rogers was nine years old, her mother married John Logan Rogers. Ginger took the name of Rogers, though she was never legally adopted. They lived in Fort Worth, Texas. Her mother became a theater critic for a local newspaper, the ''Fort Worth Record''. Ginger attended but did not graduate from Fort Worth's Central High School.

As a teenager, Rogers thought of becoming a schoolteacher, but with her mother's interest in Hollywood and the theater, her early exposure to the theater increased. Waiting for her mother in the wings of the Majestic Theatre, she began to sing and dance along with the performers on stage.

Vaudeville and Broadway

Rogers' entertainment career was born one night when the traveling vaudeville act of Eddie Foy came to Fort Worth and needed a quick stand-in. She then entered and won a Charleston dance contest which allowed her to tour for six months, at one point in 1926 performing at an 18-month-old theater called ''The Craterian'' in Medford, Oregon. This theater honored her many years later by changing its name to the ''Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater''.

At 17, Rogers married Jack Culpepper, a singer/dancer/comedian/recording artist of the day who worked under the name Jack Pepper (according to Ginger's autobiography, she knew Culpepper when she was a child, as her cousin's boyfriend). They formed a short-lived vaudeville double act known as "Ginger and Pepper". The marriage was over within months, and she went back to touring with her mother. When the tour got to New York City, she stayed, getting radio singing jobs and then her Broadway theater debut in a musical called ''Top Speed'', which opened on Christmas Day, 1929.

Within two weeks of opening in ''Top Speed'', Rogers was chosen to star on Broadway in ''Girl Crazy'' by George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin, the musical play widely considered to have made stars of both her and Ethel Merman. Fred Astaire was hired to help the dancers with their choreography. Her appearance in ''Girl Crazy'' made her an overnight star at the age of 19. In 1930, she was signed by Paramount Pictures to a seven-year contract.

Film career

1929-1933

Rogers' first movie roles were in a trio of short films made in 1929—''Night in the Dormitory'', ''A Day of a Man of Affairs'', and ''Campus Sweethearts''.

Rogers would soon get herself out of the Paramount contract—under which she had made five feature films at Astoria Studios in Astoria, Queens—and move with her mother to Hollywood. When she got to California, she signed a three-picture deal with Pathé. She made feature films for Warner Bros., Monogram, and Fox in 1932 and was named one of fifteen "WAMPAS Baby Stars". She then made a significant breakthrough as "Anytime Annie" in the Warner Brothers film ''42nd Street'' (1933). She went on to make a series of films with Fox, Warner Bros. ("Gold Diggers of 1933"), Universal, Paramount, and RKO Radio Pictures and, in her second RKO picture, ''Flying Down to Rio'' (1933), she worked for the first time with Fred Astaire. (Note, however, that the Wikipedia entry for 'Embraceable You' claims that they worked together previously on the stage production of Girl Crazy).

1933-1939: Astaire and Rogers

Rogers was most famous for her partnership with Fred Astaire. Together, from 1933 to 1939, they made nine musical films at RKO: ''Flying Down to Rio'' (1933), ''The Gay Divorcee'' (1934), ''Roberta'' (1935), ''Top Hat'' (1935), ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936), ''Swing Time'' (1936), ''Shall We Dance'' (1937), ''Carefree'' (1938), and ''The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle'' (1939) (''The Barkleys of Broadway'' (1949) was produced later at MGM). They revolutionized the Hollywood musical, introducing dance routines of unprecedented elegance and virtuosity, set to songs specially composed for them by the greatest popular song composers of the day.

Arlene Croce, Hannah Hyam and John Mueller all consider Rogers to have been Astaire's finest dance partner, principally because of her ability to combine dancing skills, natural beauty, and exceptional abilities as a dramatic actress and comedienne, thus truly complementing Astaire, a peerless dancer who sometimes struggled as an actor and was not considered classically handsome. The resulting song and dance partnership enjoyed a unique credibility in the eyes of audiences. Of the 33 partnered dances she performed with Astaire, Croce and Mueller have highlighted the infectious spontaneity of her performances in the comic numbers "I'll Be Hard to Handle" from ''Roberta'' (1935), "I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket" from ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936) and "Pick Yourself Up" from ''Swing Time'' (1936). They also point to the use Astaire made of her remarkably flexible back in classic romantic dances such as "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" from ''Roberta'' (1935), "Cheek to Cheek" from ''Top Hat'' (1935) and "Let's Face the Music and Dance" from ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936). For special praise, they have singled out her performance in "Waltz in Swing Time" from ''Swing Time'' (1936), which is generally considered to be the most virtuosic partnered routine ever committed to film by Astaire. She generally avoided solo dance performances: Astaire always included at least one virtuoso solo routine in each film, while Rogers performed only one: "Let Yourself Go" from ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936).

Although the dance routines were choreographed by Astaire and his collaborator Hermes Pan, both have acknowledged Rogers's input and have also testified to her consummate professionalism, even during periods of intense strain, as she tried to juggle her many other contractual film commitments with the punishing rehearsal schedules of Astaire, who made at most two films in any one year. In 1986, shortly before his death, Astaire remarked, "All the girls I ever danced with thought they couldn't do it, but of course they could. So they always cried. All except Ginger. No no, Ginger never cried". John Mueller summed up Rogers's abilities as follows: "Rogers was outstanding among Astaire's partners not because she was superior to others as a dancer but because, as a skilled, intuitive actress, she was cagey enough to realize that acting did not stop when dancing began...the reason so many women have fantasized about dancing with Fred Astaire is that Ginger Rogers conveyed the impression that dancing with him is the most thrilling experience imaginable". According to Astaire, when they were first teamed together in "Flying Down to Rio", "Ginger had never danced with a partner before. She faked it an awful lot. She couldn't tap and she couldn't do this and that ... but Ginger had style and talent and improved as she went along. She got so that after a while everyone else who danced with me looked wrong." Astaire also had this to say to Raymond Rohauer, curator at the New York Gallery of Modern Art: "Ginger was brilliantly effective. She made everything work for her. Actually she made things very fine for both of us and she deserves most of the credit for our success."

Rogers also introduced some celebrated numbers from the Great American Songbook, songs such as Harry Warren and Al Dubin's "The Gold Diggers' Song (We're in the Money)" from ''Gold Diggers of 1933'' (1933), "Music Makes Me" from ''Flying Down to Rio'' (1933), "The Continental" from ''The Gay Divorcee'' (1934), Irving Berlin's "Let Yourself Go" from ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936), the Gershwins' "Embraceable You" from ''Girl Crazy'' and "They All Laughed (at Christopher Columbus)" from ''Shall We Dance'' (1937). Furthermore, in song duets with Astaire, she co-introduced Berlin's "I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket" from ''Follow the Fleet'' (1936), Jerome Kern and Dorothy Fields's "Pick Yourself Up" and "A Fine Romance" from ''Swing Time'' (1936) and the Gershwins' "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" from ''Shall We Dance'' (1937).

After 1939

After 15 months apart and with RKO facing bankruptcy, the studio hired Fred and Ginger for another movie called ''Carefree'', but it lost money. Next came ''The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle'', but the serious plot and tragic ending resulted in the worst box office receipts of any of their films. This was driven not by diminished popularity, but by the hard 1930s economic reality. The production costs of musicals, always significantly more costly than regular features, continued to increase at a much faster rate than admissions. Everyone agreed it was time to stop.

Both before and immediately after her dancing and acting partnership with Fred Astaire ended, Rogers starred in a number of successful dramas and comedies. ''Stage Door'' (1937) demonstrated her dramatic capacity, as the loquacious yet vulnerable girl next door, a tough minded, theatrical hopeful, opposite Katharine Hepburn. In ''Roxie Hart'' (1942), based on the same play which served as the template for the musical ''Chicago'', Ginger played a wise-cracking wife on trial for a murder her husband committed. In the neo-realist ''Primrose Path'' (1940), directed by Gregory La Cava, she played a prostitute's daughter trying to avoid the fate of her mother. Further highlights of this period included ''Tom, Dick, and Harry'', a 1941 comedy where she dreams of marrying three different men; ''I'll Be Seeing You'', an intelligent and restrained war time "weepie" with Joseph Cotten; La Cava's ''5th Avenue Girl'' (1939), where she played an out-of-work girl sucked into the lives of a wealthy family; and especially the sharp and highly successful comedies: ''Bachelor Mother'' (1939), where she played Polly Parrish, a shop girl who is falsely deemed to have abandoned her baby; and Billy Wilder's first Hollywood feature film: ''The Major and the Minor'' (1942), in which she played a woman who masquerades as a 12-year-old to get a cheap train ticket and finds herself obliged to continue the ruse for an extended period. This film featured a performance by Rogers's own real mother, Lela, playing her film mother.

Her greatest skills were as a comedienne; as a master of the wisecrack, the deadpan, and the sidelong glance, she became well established as one of the major actresses of the screwball comedy era.

In 1941, Ginger Rogers won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in 1940's ''Kitty Foyle''. She enjoyed considerable success during the early 1940s, and was RKO's hottest property during this period. Becoming a free agent, she made hugely successful films with other studios in the mid-'40s, including "Tender Comrade" (1943), "Lady in the Dark" (1944), and "Week-End at the Waldorf" (1945), and became the highest-paid performer in Hollywood. However, by the end of the decade, her film career had peaked. Arthur Freed reunited her with Fred Astaire in ''The Barkleys of Broadway'' in 1949, a delightful Technicolor MGM musical which succeeded in rekindling the special chemistry between them one last time.

Ginger Rogers' film career entered a period of gradual decline in the 1950s, as parts for older actresses became more difficult to obtain, but she still scored with some solid films. She starred in ''Storm Warning'' (1950) with Ronald Reagan and Doris Day, the noir, anti Ku Klux Klan film by Warner Brothers, and in ''Monkey Business'' (1952) with Cary Grant and Marilyn Monroe, directed by Howard Hawks. In the same year, she also starred in ''We're Not Married!'', also featuring Marilyn Monroe, and in ''Dreamboat''. She played the female lead in ''Tight Spot'' (1955), a mystery thriller, with Edward G. Robinson. Then, after a series of unremarkable films, she scored with a great popular success, playing Dolly Levi in the long-running ''Hello, Dolly!'' on Broadway in 1965.

In later life, Rogers remained on good terms with Astaire: she presented him with a special Academy Award in 1950, and they were co-presenters of individual Academy Awards in 1967, during which they elicited a standing ovation when they came on stage in an impromptu dance. In 1969, she had the lead role in another long-running popular production of ''Mame'', from the book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee, with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman, at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in the West End of London, arriving for the role on the Liner QE2 from New York. Her docking there occasioned the maximum of pomp and ceremony at Southampton. She became the highest paid performer in the history of the West End up to that time. The production ran for 14 months and featured a Royal Command Performance for Queen Elizabeth the Second. The Kennedy Center honored Ginger Rogers in December 1992. This event, which was shown on television, was somewhat marred when Astaire's widow, Robyn Smith, who permitted clips of Astaire dancing with Rogers to be shown for free at the function itself, was unable to come to terms with CBS Television for broadcast rights to the clips (all previous rights holders having donated broadcast rights gratis).

From the 1950s onwards, Rogers would make occasional appearances on television. In the later years of her career, she made guest appearances in three different series by Aaron Spelling; ''The Love Boat'' (1979), ''Glitter'' (1984), and ''Hotel'' (1987) which would be her final screen appearance as an actress.

Personal life

Rogers was an only child, and maintained a close relationship with her mother throughout her life. Lela Rogers (1891–1977) was a newspaper reporter, scriptwriter, and movie producer. She was also one of the first women to enlist in the Marine Corps, was a founder of the successful "Hollywood Playhouse" for aspiring actors and actresses on the RKO set, and was a founder of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. Mother and daughter had an extremely close professional relationship as well. Lela Rogers was credited with many pivotal contributions to her daughter's early successes in New York and in Hollywood, not to mention contract negotiations with RKO.

In her classic 1930s musicals with Astaire, Ginger Rogers, co-billed with him, was paid less than Fred, the creative force behind the dances, who also received 10% of the profits. But she was also paid less than many of the supporting "farceurs" billed beneath her, in spite of her much more central role in the films' great financial success. This was personally grating to her, and had effects upon her relationships at RKO, especially with director Mark Sandrich, whose disrespect of Rogers prompted a sharp letter of reprimand from producer Pandro Berman, which Rogers deemed important enough to publish in her autobiography. Like many actresses of the time, Ginger Rogers fought hard for her contract and salary rights, and for better films and scripts. She also found it necessary to fight for respect and dignity as an actress, and against the type casting as just the studio's "dancing girl". She eventually succeeded in all these endeavors.

Rogers' first marriage was to her dancing partner Jack Pepper (real name Edward Jackson Culpepper) on March 29, 1929. They divorced in 1931, having separated soon after the wedding. In 1934 she married actor Lew Ayres (1908–1996). At a time when Rogers' career was skyrocketing and Ayres' career was faltering, they separated, and were amicably divorced seven years later. To add to Rogers' woes in 1934, she sued Sylvia of Hollywood for $100K for defamation. Sylvia, Hollywood's fitness guru and radio personality, had claimed that Rogers was on Sylvia’s radio show when, in fact, she was not.

In 1940, Rogers purchased a 1000-acre (4 km²) ranch in Jackson County, Oregon between the cities of Shady Cove and Eagle Point. The ranch, located along the Rogue River, supplied dairy products to nearby Camp White, a cantonment established for the duration of World War II. While not performing or working on other projects, she would live at the ranch with her mother.

In 1943, Rogers married her third husband, Jack Briggs, a Marine. Upon his return from World War II, Briggs showed no interest in continuing his incipient Hollywood career. They divorced in 1949. In 1953 she married Jacques Bergerac, a Frenchman 16 years her junior, whom she met on a trip to Paris. A lawyer in France, he came to Hollywood with her and became an actor. They divorced in 1957. Her fifth and final husband was director and producer William Marshall. They married in 1961, and divorced in 1971, after his bouts with alcohol, and the financial collapse of their joint film production company in Jamaica.

Rogers was good friends with Lucille Ball — a distant cousin on Rogers' mother's side. Another friend, Bette Davis, had in common with Rogers a close maternal relationship. As early Hollywood actresses, all three shared a common interest in directing and producing. In fact, Ginger Rogers starred in one of the earliest films co-directed and co-scripted by a woman: Wanda Tuchock's ''Finishing School'' in 1934. In 1985, Rogers fulfilled a long-standing wish to direct by directing the musical ''Babes in Arms'' off-Broadway in Tarrytown, New York, when she was 74 years old. She appeared with Lucille Ball in an episode of ''Here's Lucy'' on November 22, 1971, where, with Lucie Arnaz, Rogers gave a demonstration of the Charleston in her famous high heels.

Rogers maintained a close friendship with her cousin, actress/writer/socialite Phyllis Fraser (whom she aided in a brief acting career), but was not Rita Hayworth's natural cousin as has been reported. Hayworth's maternal uncle, Vinton Hayworth, was married to Rogers's maternal aunt, Jean Owens.

In 1977, Rogers's mother died. Rogers remained at the 4-Rs (Rogers's Rogue River Ranch) until 1990, when she sold the property and moved to nearby Medford, Oregon. Her last public appearance was on March 18, 1995 when she received the Women's International Center (WIC) Living Legacy Award.

For many years, Rogers regularly supported, and held in-person presentations, at the Craterian Theater, in Medford, Oregon, where she had performed in 1926 as a vaudevillian. The theater was comprehensively restored in 1997, and posthumously renamed in her honor, as the Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater.

Rogers would spend winters in Rancho Mirage and summers in Medford. She died in Rancho Mirage on April 25, 1995 of congestive heart failure at the age of 83. She was cremated; her ashes are interred in the Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, California, with Lela's, and just a short distance from the grave of Fred Astaire.

She was a lifelong conservative and a member of the Republican Party.

She was also a Christian Scientist.

Portrayals of Rogers

No films have been made about Ginger Rogers, possibly because Fred Astaire stipulated in his will that no film representations of him were ever to be made. As Rogers' career history is inevitably linked to Astaire, it would be difficult to portray her in film.

No portrayal was made of her in ''The Aviator'' (2004), in spite of the fact that many of her fellow actresses who, like her, dated Howard Hughes. According to Rogers' autobiography ''Ginger: My Story'', published in 1991, Hughes was very intent on marrying her, and had proposed to her, until she discovered his infidelity and broke off the engagement.

Likenesses of Astaire and Rogers, apparently painted over from the ''Cheek to Cheek'' dance in ''Top Hat'', are in the ''Lucy in the Skies'' section of The Beatles film ''Yellow Submarine'' (1968).

Rogers' image is one of many famous women's images of the 1930s and 40s featured on the bedroom wall in the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, a gallery of magazine cuttings pasted on the wall created by Anne and her sister Margot while hiding from the Nazis. When the house became a museum, the gallery the Frank sisters created was preserved under glass. Rogers' image is one of the larger and more prominent, which clearly indicates her global and mass appeal amongst the youth of the time.

A musical about the life of Rogers, entitled ''Backwards in High Heels'', premiered in Florida in early 2007.

Rogers was the heroine of a novel, ''Ginger Rogers and the Riddle of the Scarlet Cloak'' (1942, by Lela E. Rogers), where "the heroine has the same name and appearance as the famous actress but has no connection ... it is as though the famous actress has stepped into an alternate reality in which she is an ordinary person." The story was probably written for a young teenage audience and is reminiscent of the adventures of Nancy Drew. It is part of a series known as "Whitman Authorized Editions", 16 books published between 1941-1947 that featured a film actress as heroine.

Filmography

Features

Monta Bell 1930 1930 1930 1931 1931 1931 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 1935 1935 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1938 1939 1939 1939 1940 1940 1940 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1943 1944 1944 1945 1946 1946 1947 1949 1950 1950 1951 1952 1952 1952 1953 1954 1954 1955 1956 1956 Nunnally Johnson 1965 1965

Title !! Date !! Director !! Co-Starring !! Notes
''Young Man of Manhattan''	1930	|	Claudette Colbert, Norman Foster (director)>Norman Foster	The line, "Cigarette me, big boy" became a popular catchphrase during the 1930s after audiences heard Ginger Rogers repeat it throughout the movie.
''Queen High''	|	Fred Newmeyer
''The Sap from Syracuse''	|	A. Edward Sutherland	Jack Oakie
''Follow the Leader (1930 film)	Follow the Leader''	|	Norman Taurog
''Honor Among Lovers''	|	Dorothy Arzner	Claudette Colbert
''The Tip Off''	|	Albert Rogell
''Suicide Fleet''	|	Albert Rogell
''Carnival Boat''	|	Albert Rogell
''The Tenderfoot''	|	Ray Enright	Joe E. Brown
''The Thirteenth Guest''	|	Albert Ray
''Hat Check Girl''	|	Sidney Lanfield		Sidney Lanfield was the most frequent director on the Addams Family 1960s television show.
''You Said a Mouthful''	|	Lloyd Bacon	Joe E. Brown
''42nd Street (film)	42nd Street''	|	Lloyd Bacon	Warner Baxter, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell
''Broadway Bad''	|	Sidney Lanfield
''Gold Diggers of 1933''	|	Mervyn LeRoy	Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell
''Professional Sweetheart''	|	William A. Seiter	Norman Foster
''A Shriek in the Night''	|	Albert Ray
''Don't Bet on Love''	|	Murray Roth	Lew Ayres	Ginger Rogers and Lew Ayres were married for seven years following this film.
''Sitting Pretty (1933 film)	Sitting Pretty''	|	Harry Joe Brown	Jack Oakie, Jack Haley
''Flying Down to Rio''	|	Thornton Freeland	Dolores Del Rio, Gene Raymond, Fred Astaire	The first of the Astaire-Rogers pairing. This is the only movie where Rogers is billed above Astaire.
''Chance at Heaven''	|	William A. Seiter	Joel McCrea
''Rafter Romance''	|	William A. Seiter	Norman Foster
''Finishing School (film)	Finishing School''	|	Wanda Tuchock and George Nicholas	Beulah Bondi
''Twenty Million Sweethearts''	|	Ray Enright	Dick Powell
''Change of Heart (1934 film)	Change of Heart''	|	John G. Blystone	Shirley Temple
''Upperworld''	|	Roy Del Ruth	Mary Astor
''The Gay Divorcee''	|	Mark Sandrich	Fred Astaire
''Romance in Manhattan''	|	Stephen Roberts
''Roberta''	|	William A. Seiter	Irene Dunne, Fred Astaire, Randolph Scott	Lucille Ball has an uncredited appearance as a model. She had lines deleted since her character was supposed to be a French model and she could not perfect the accent.
''Star of Midnight''	|	Stephen Roberts	William Powell
''Top Hat''	|	Mark Sandrich	Fred Astaire, Lucille Ball
''In Person''	|	William A. Seiter	George Brent
''Follow the Fleet''	|	Mark Sandrich	Fred Astaire, Randolph Scott, Lucille Ball
''Swing Time''	|	George Stevens	Fred Astaire
''Shall We Dance (1937 film)	Shall We Dance''	|	Mark Sandrich	Fred Astaire
''Stage Door''	|	Gregory La Cava	Katherine Hepburn, Adolphe Menjou, Gail Patrick, Lucille Ball
''Having Wonderful Time''	|	Alfred Santell	Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Lucille Ball, Red Skelton	This used much of the same cast as ''Stage Door''.
''Vivacious Lady''	|	George Stevens	James Stewart, Charles Coburn, Hattie McDaniel
''Carefree (film)	Carefree''	|	Mark Sandrich	Fred Astaire, Jack Carson, Hattie McDaniel
''The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle''	|	H. C. Potter	Fred Astaire
''Bachelor Mother''	|	Garson Kanin	David Niven, Charles Coburn
''Fifth Avenue Girl''	|	Gregory La Cava
''Primrose Path (film)	Primrose Path''	|	Gregory La Cava	Joel McCrea
''Lucky Partners''	|	Lewis Milestone	Ronald Colman, Jack Carson
''Kitty Foyle (film)	Kitty Foyle''	|	Sam Wood	Dennis Morgan, James Craig (actor)>James Craig	Rogers won the Academy Award for Best Actress the first year that the Academy was not announcing the winners before the ceremony. She beat Bette Davis, Joan Fontaine, Martha Scott, and her former co-star Katherine Hepburn for the award.
''Tom, Dick, and Harry''	|	Garson Kanin	Burgess Meredith
''Roxie Hart''	|	William A. Wellman	Adolphe Menjou
''Tales of Manhattan''	|	Julien Duvivier	Henry Fonda, Cesar Romero, Rita Hayworth, Gail Patrick
''The Major and the Minor''	|	Billy Wilder	Ray Milland	Rogers campaigned hard for Billy Wilder and as a result this became his debut film. This remains one of Rogers' favorite movies. Near the end of the movie her real life mother, Lela Rogers, played her character's mother.
''Once Upon a Honeymoon''	|	Leo McCarey	Cary Grant
''Tender Comrade''	|	Edward Dmytryk
''Lady in the Dark (film)	Lady in the Dark''	|	Mitchell Leisen	Ray Milland, Warner Baxter
''I'll Be Seeing You (1944 film)	I'll Be Seeing You''	|	William Dieterle	Joseph Cotten, Shirley Temple
''Week-End at the Waldorf''	|	Robert Z. Leonard	Lana Turner	Grand Hotel (film)>Grand Hotel'' portraying the ballerina whom was first played on screen by Greta Garbo.
''Heartbeat (1946 film)	Heartbeat''	|	Sam Wood	Adolphe Menjou
''Magnificent Doll''	|	Frank Borzage	David Niven, Burgess Meredith
''It Had to Be You (1947 film)	It Had to Be You''	|	Don Hartman and Rudolph Mate	Cornel Wilde
''The Barkleys of Broadway''	|	Charles Walters	Fred Astaire	Originally Rogers' role was meant for Judy Garland who had recently starred in the successful musical ''Easter Parade'' with Astaire. However she had to drop out of the project due to health issues and Rogers was sought as a last minute replacement. This is the only Astaire-Rogers film not released by RKO and the only one filmed in color (although the "I Used to Be Color Blind" number in ''Carefree'' was originally filmed in Technicolor).
''Perfect Strangers''	|	Bretaigne Windust	Dennis Morgan
''Storm Warning (1951 film)	Storm Warning''	|	Stuart Heisler	Ronald Reagen, Doris Day
''The Groom Wore Spurs''	|	Richard Whorf	Jack Carson
''We're Not Married''	|	Edmund Goulding	Marilyn Monroe, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Victor Moore
''Monkey Business (1952 film)	Monkey Business''	|	Howard Hawks	Cary Grant, Marilyn Monroe, Charles Coburn
''Dreamboat''	|	Claude Binyon
''Forever Female''	|	Irving Rapper	William Holden
''Black Widow (1954 film)	Black Widow''	|	Nunnally Johnson	Gene Tierney
''Twist of Fate''	|	David Miller		This was released in Great Britain as "Beautiful Stranger." Rogers' husband at the time, Jacques Bergerac, appeared in the film.
''Tight Spot''	|	Phil Karlson	Edward G. Robinson
''The First Traveling Saleslady''	|	Arthur Lubin	Clint Eastwood
''Teenage Rebel''	|	Edmund Goulding
''Oh	Men, Oh! Women''	1957	|	David Niven
''The Confession''	|	William Dieterle	Ray Milland	Also known as "Quick, Let's Get Married."
''Harlow (Magna film)	''Harlow'' (Magna film)''	|	Alex Segal	Carol Lynley	Roger's last film.

Short subjects

''A Day of a Man of Affairs'' (1929)

''A Night in a Dormitory'' (1930)

''Campus Sweethearts'' (1930)

''Office Blues'' (1930)

''Hollywood on Parade'' (1932)

''Screen Snapshots'' (1932)

''Hollywood on Parade No. A-9'' (1933)

''Hollywood Newsreel'' (1934)

''Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 3'' (1936)

''Show Business at War'' (1943)

''Battle Stations'' (Narrator, 1944)

''Screen Snapshots: The Great Showman'' (1950)

''Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Great Entertainers'' (1954)

Television

''The DuPont Show with June Allyson'', as Kay Neilson in "The Tender Shoot" (October 18, 1959)

''What's My Line?'' (1954, 1957, 1963)

''The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom'' (1959)

''Cinderella'' (1965)

''Here's Lucy'' (1971)(episode 4.11)

''The Love Boat'' (1979) (episodes 3.10 and 3.11)

''Glitter'' (1984) (episode 1.3)

''Hotel'' (1987) (episode 5.1) (final screen role)

References

Bibliography

Fred Astaire: ''Steps in Time'', 1959, multiple reprints.

Arlene Croce: ''The Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Book'', Galahad Books 1974, ISBN 0-88365-099-1

Jocelyn Faris: ''Ginger Rogers - a Bio-Bibliography'', Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1994, ISBN 0-313-29177-2

Hannah Hyam: ''Fred and Ginger - The Astaire-Rogers Partnership 1934-1938'', Pen Press Publications, Brighton, 2007. ISBN 978-1-905621-96-5

John Mueller: ''Astaire Dancing - The Musical Films of Fred Astaire'', Knopf 1985, ISBN 0-394-51654-0

Ginger Rogers: ''Ginger My Story'', New York: Harper Collins, 1991

External links

Ginger Rogers - Appreciations

Backwards in High Heels: The Ginger Musical

Ginger Rogers biography from Reel Classics

John Mueller's 1991 ''New York Times'' review of ''Ginger: My Story''

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Photographs and literature

Category:1911 births Category:1995 deaths Category:20th-century actors Category:American ballroom dancers Category:American Christian Scientists Category:American film actors Category:American tap dancers Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Burials at Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery Category:California Republicans Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in California Category:Deaths from congestive heart failure Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Missouri Republicans Category:People from Eagle Point, Oregon Category:People from Independence, Missouri Category:People from Rancho Mirage, California Category:Traditional pop music singers Category:Vaudeville performers

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