stadium name	Alamodome
location	100 Montana Street, San Antonio, Texas, 78203
coordinates
broke ground	November 1990
opened	May 15, 1993
owner	City of San Antonio
operator	City of San Antonio
surface	SportField
construction cost	US$186 million($}}

in dollars) | architect = Populous (formerly HOK Sport) | tenants = Alamo Bowl (NCAA) (1993–present)New Orleans Saints (NFL) (2005)San Antonio Spurs (NBA) (1993–2002)San Antonio Texans (CFL) (1995)East-West Shrine Game (NCAA) (2006)U.S. Army All-American Bowl (2002–present)NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament (1998, 2004, 2008, 2011)UTSA Roadrunners (NCAA) (2011–) | seating_capacity = American Football: 65,000 (expandable to 72,000)Canadian football: 59,000Basketball: 20,662 (expandable to 39,500)Ice hockey: 36,000Boxing: 40,000Arena Concert:

center-stage 33,000

end-stage 30,000

Stadium Concert:

center-stage 77,000

end-stage 50,000

|}} The Alamodome is a domed 65,000 seat, multi-purpose facility that is primarily used as a football/basketball stadium ''(football primarily)'' and convention center in San Antonio, Texas, U.S. The facility opened on May 15, 1993, at a cost of $186 million.

Along with placating the San Antonio Spurs ownership's demands for a larger basketball venue, the multi-purpose facility was intended to increase the city's convention traffic and attract a professional football franchise. The Spurs played basketball in the Alamodome for a decade, then became disenchanted with the facility and convinced Bexar County to construct a new arena for them now called the AT&T; Center at the San Antonio Livestock Exposition Inc. .

Features

The facility is a rectilinear 5-level stadium which can seat up to 65,000 spectators for a typical football game and is expandable to hold 72,000 spectators, allowing the possibility of hosting a Super Bowl. Configuring the arena for basketball or hockey takes 12–18 hours to set up retractable seating and installing the playing surface. In this configuration, typically only the two lower levels at one or both ends are used. The arena configuration seats 20,662 spectators and can be expanded to 39,500 when the upper level is opened. When the Spurs played home games here three upper decks were used in selected games and in the playoffs, increasing the capacity to 35,000, while the other was covered by a large curtain containing the Spurs division title banners, retired number banners and 1999 championship banner.

The Alamodome opened with 38 luxury suites and 6,000 club level seats. The original design specifications called for 66 luxury suites. Since the San Antonio Spurs were the only occupant at the time, only 38 luxury suites in the north end of the facility were built. The footprints for the 28 unbuilt luxury suites were open floor space just behind the club level seats that surround the south end of the facility. In 2006, the Alamodome underwent an expansion to accommodate 14 new luxury suites. The Sports Club and the Top of the Dome restaurant also received renovations in 2004.

The Alamodome has two permanent Olympic-size ice rinks that can be used for NHL games, figure skating and speed skating. The facility also contains of meeting rooms and of continuous exhibit space.

Events and tenants

The Alamodome was home to the NBA San Antonio Spurs from 1993 to 2002 and the CFL San Antonio Texans in 1995. The facility also hosts special events such as the annual Alamo Bowl football game, NCAA basketball and volleyball tournament games, and the men's and women's basketball Final Four (men's 1998, 2004, 2008; women's 2002, 2010). Other NCAA events including the 1997, 1999 and 2007 Big 12 Championship Games were played in the facility. The 1993 U.S. Olympic Festival held some of the first ever paid events in the Alamodome in July and August 1993, including the opening and closing ceremonies and ice skating events. The 1996 NBA All-Star Game was played in the Alamodome, Big time album selling group Boyz II Men also performed for their 1994–1995 tour "All Around the World Tour". and the facility hosted WWF Royal Rumble in 1997. The now-defunct San Antonio Dragons of the International Hockey League played some games in 1997 and 1998 at the Alamodome when its home, Freeman Coliseum, was unavailable during the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo (a similar scheduling conflict the Spurs now face at the new AT&T; Center). The Professional Bull Riders (PBR) has held two Built Ford Tough Series events in the Alamodome (2007, 2008). Two 2005 InterLiga soccer matches took place in the Alamodome on January 6, 2005. The facility also was one of three "home" stadiums for the displaced NFL New Orleans Saints during the 2005 NFL season and was also the Dallas Cowboys' training camp site in 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team played a home game against Washington State here in 2009.

State high school football playoff games are regularly held in the Alamodome, including championship games.

After the openening ceremonies, the first major event held at the facility was Paul McCartney's The New World Tour concert, which took place on May 29, 1993.

The Alamodome has played host to music festivals, including Ozzfest.

From July 5-16, 2006, the Alamodome hosted the 2006 ELCA Youth Gathering. Approximately 40,000 youth and adult leaders attended the event, between the two weeks it was spread.

Every summer Drum Corps International hosts its DCI San Antonio – Southwestern Championships at the Alamodome.

The Alamodome also hosts the Bands of America Super-Regional Championships every year in November, as well as the University Interscholastic League State Marching Band Contest.

NBA basketball

The San Antonio Spurs moved to the Alamodome from HemisFair Arena after the 1992–93 NBA season. The Spurs played nine seasons in the Alamodome, including during their first NBA championship season, which was played against the New York Knicks in 1999.

During the regular season, most of the upper level was curtained off. However, on certain weekends and when popular opponents came to town, the Spurs expanded the Alamodome's capacity to 35,000 by opening three portions of the upper level. More sections of the upper level were opened for the playoffs, expanding capacity to 39,500. Attendance was 39,514 for Game 1 of the 1999 NBA Finals and 39,554 for Game 2.

Though the late 1990s saw the Spurs soar to unprecedented popularity, the decision was made to move the team out of the spacious stadium and build a new arena. Even though the Spurs were the primary tenants, the Alamodome was designed for football, and Spurs management and fans had grown increasingly dissatisfied with its poor sight lines and cavernous feel. Moving the team out of the Alamodome also opened up more contiguous dates allowing the facility to schedule more conventions, which over time have proven to be more profitable for the facility and for the city economy as well. The Spurs moved to the SBC Center (now the AT&T; Center) after the 2001–2002 season.

Football

Alamo Bowl

The Alamodome is the site of the annual Alamo Bowl, which usually matches the fourth-choice (not necessarily fourth-place) teams from the Big Ten Conference and the Big 12 Conference. The 2006 Alamo Bowl between the Texas Longhorns and the Iowa Hawkeyes was attended by 65,875, which set a facility-record crowd for a sporting event, only to have that record broken by an Alamo Bowl event the next year between Texas A&M; and Penn State, which drew 66,166 attendees.

Canadian Football League

The Alamodome was also home to the San Antonio Texans for the 1995 CFL season. The stadium was attractive to the Canadian Football League (which made an ill-fated attempt to expand to the U.S. between 1993 and 1995) since it could accommodate the CFL's larger playing field. In the first CFL playoff game ever played between two U.S.-based franchises, the Texans defeated the Birmingham Barracudas 52–9 at the Alamodome on November 5, The team then lost to the Baltimore Stallions 21–11 in Baltimore on November 11. The Texans folded after the 1995 season due to low attendance, financial problems, and the disbanding of the other U.S. teams.

Corps Classic

September 16, 2006, marked the first game in a college football "home and home" series, known as the AT&T; Corps Classic, between the Texas A&M; Aggies and the Army Black Knights. Army has elected to play its "home" game at the Alamodome in order to increase the program's exposure around the nation, as it competes as an independent. A sell-out crowd of 64,583 watched the Aggies defeat the Black Knights 28–24. The second game was played at Kyle Field in College Station in 2008.

East-West Shrine Game

The 2006 East-West Shrine Game was played in the Alamodome on January 21, 2006. The game is an annual post-season college football all-star game. For most of its history, the game has been played in the San Francisco Bay Area, at San Francisco's Kezar Stadium and at Stanford Stadium. In recent years it has been played at AT&T; Park. In 2006, the game was played in the Alamodome, moving out of the San Francisco area for the first time in decades. The Shrine Game was moved once again for its 2007 event, to Robertson Stadium in Houston, Texas.

National Football League

The Alamodome has played host to six NFL preseason games. Two each were played in 1993 and 1994, one in 1995, and one in 2001.

August 7, 1993 – Houston Oilers (28) vs. New Orleans Saints (37) – Attendance: 40,308

August 21, 1993 – Dallas Cowboys (20) vs. Houston Oilers (23) – Attendance: 63,285

August 6, 1994 – Houston Oilers (31) vs. San Diego Chargers (3) – Attendance: 29,815

August 20, 1994 – Buffalo Bills (18) vs. Houston Oilers (16) – Attendance: 40,504

August 26, 1995 – Dallas Cowboys (10) vs. Houston Oilers (0) – Attendance: 52,512

August 11, 2001 – Minnesota Vikings (28) vs. New Orleans Saints (21) – Attendance: 46,752

In 2005, the NFL announced that the Alamodome would host three of the New Orleans Saints regular season "home" games due to the damage caused to the Louisiana Superdome by Hurricane Katrina. The Saints played the Buffalo Bills (week 4), the Atlanta Falcons (week 6), and the Detroit Lions (week 16) at the Alamodome. Although there have been many NFL preseason and exhibition games held in San Antonio over the years, these games were the first NFL ''regular season'' games played in the city. The Saints also played one 2005 season "home" game in Giants Stadium (against the New York Giants) in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and four others in LSU's Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Overall, the Saints averaged 62,665 fans in the 65,000-seat Alamodome for the three games held there, a solid showing despite the short notice to sell tickets due to the hurricane. The Saints and the NFL announced that the team would return to Louisiana for the 2006 season even though at the time the NFL was uncertain where they would play their home games. Additionally, former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue indicated that if the NFL expands again, San Antonio would be on the short list of candidate cities. Even though public opinion is that he would never let go of his team's presence in the San Antonio market, Cowboys owner Jerry Jones has acknowledged his support for the city's efforts to become home to an NFL franchise.

October 2, 2005 – Buffalo Bills (7) vs. New Orleans Saints (19) – Attendance: 58,688 October 16, 2005 – Atlanta Falcons (34) vs. New Orleans Saints (31) – Attendance: 65,562 (attendance set the facility record for a sporting event at the time; it has been subsequently surpassed by two Alamo Bowl events) December 24, 2005 – Detroit Lions (13) vs. New Orleans Saints (12) – Attendance: 63,747

The Dallas Cowboys held their 2002, 2003, 2007, and 2009 preseason training camps at the Alamodome, and will continue to do so through 2011.

Texas Football Classic

Since 1999, the Alamodome has been home to the Texas Football Classic, which kicks off the high school football season in Texas. Now in its twelfth year, the event has expanded to five games, featuring prominent high school programs from across the state. Former participants include former Chicago Bears and University of Texas running back Cedric Benson, University of Iowa quarterback Drew Tate, University of Houston quarterback Kevin Kolb, and University of Missouri quarterback Chase Daniel.

U.S. Army All-American Bowl

The U.S. Army All-American Bowl is played each January. The bowl game features the nation's top 80 high school football players in an East vs. West match-up and is televised by NBC. Past games have included players like Reggie Bush, Vince Young, Adrian Peterson, Brady Quinn, and Tim Tebow. The inaugural game was played on December 30, 2000, at Highlander Stadium at Highland Park High School in Dallas, Texas. The bowl game was then moved to San Antonio, where the 2002 match was played in front of an Alamo Stadium crowd. The 2003 game was moved to the Alamodome, where it has been played since.

NFLPA Game

In 2011, the Texas vs. the Nation game was moved to San Antonio and was renamed the NFLPA Game, after the new sponsor of the event. The concept of The NFLPA Game will remain "Texas vs. the Nation" with seniors having ties to the state of Texas taking on top seniors from across the Nation. In addition, The NFLPA Game will be nationally televised live on CBS College Sports starting in 2011.

Renovations

On April 15, 2005, the San Antonio City Council voted to spend close to $6.5 million to renovate the Alamodome in an effort to lure a Major League Soccer franchise to the city. After the election of Phil Hardberger as the new mayor, those efforts were abandoned, though the approved renovations to the facility will continue as planned. The city administration and local business leaders have re-focused their efforts to bringing an NFL franchise to San Antonio.

On April 19, 2007, the San Antonio City Council unanimously approved an additional $8.3 million to fund renovations and enhancements to the facility.

In the summer of 2008 the audio system was upgraded.

In 2009 new led video panels were added to the 5th level.

Although when the Alamodome was built it was an ideal state-of-the-art NFL stadium, by today's standards the facility would have to undergo renovations and add a considerable number of luxury suites in order to make it a profitable venue for an NFL team. Preliminary estimates put the cost of improvements at $100–150 million.

In september 2010 the Alamodome opened the new venue The Illusions Theater in the north half of the stadium. This setup uses curtains lit by led fixtures to create a smaller feeling space for concerts, comedy acts, and other smaller acts. floor seating can be configured to hold up to 1000 seats with the plaza, club, and upper deck seating levels added as needed to give up to 15,000 seats

Future events and tenants

Aside from the annual Alamo Bowl and certain high school events, future events scheduled for the Alamodome include the 2010 NCAA Women's Final Four. In addition, the Dallas Cowboys preseason training camps will be held each summer in the Alamodome from 2007 to 2011.

The Alamodome will be the home stadium for the University of Texas at San Antonio football team which received approval to begin a football team in 2008. The team will play its first season as an NCAA Division I-FCS independent in 2011 before moving to the Western Athletic Conference in 2012.

In Summer 2015, The Alamodome will be the host and site of the General Conference Sessions of Seventh-day Adventists.

Starting in 2012, the Alamodome will host an Arena Football League team.

Record crowds

Top 10 all-time Alamodome sports crowds (as of December 30, 2007): 66,166 65,875 65,562 65,380 65,265 65,232 65,035 64,824 64,597 64,583

!Rank	!Attendance	!Event	!Date
1		Penn State vs. Texas A&M;) |>Dec. 29, 2007
2		Texas vs. Iowa) |>Dec. 30, 2006
3	|	Atlanta Falcons vs. New Orleans Saints (2005 National Football League>NFL regular season game)	Oct. 16, 2005
4		Penn State vs. Texas A&M;) |>Dec. 28, 1999
5		Oklahoma State vs. Ohio State) |>Dec. 29, 2004
6		Iowa vs. Texas Tech) |>Dec. 29, 2001
7	|	Nebraska Cornhuskers football>Nebraska)	Dec. 4, 1999
8	|	1997 Big 12 Championship (Texas A&M; vs. Nebraska)	Dec. 6, 1997
9	|	Michigan Wolverines football>Michigan vs. Texas A&M;)	Dec. 28, 1995
10	|	Army Black Knights football>Army)	Sept. 16, 2006

Other notable attendance marks include: 60,525: 1997 WWF Royal Rumble 58,891: 1993 Julio César Chávez-Pernell Whitaker boxing match 53,407: 2009 Notre Dame vs. Washington State regular season football game. 48,709: Paul McCartney's 1993 New World Tour concert 44,468: 2004 NCAA Men's Final Four Championship Game, Georgia Tech vs. Connecticut (a facility record for basketball)

44,000: 1999 Black Sabbath Reunion Tour 99, opening: Pantera and Incubus

43,257: 2008 NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship Game, Kansas Jayhawks vs Memphis Tigers 40,509: 1998 NCAA Men's Final Four Championship Game, Utah vs. Kentucky 39,554: 1999 NBA Finals (Game 2), New York Knicks vs. San Antonio Spurs

37,000: 1997 Filming of ''Selena'', starring Jennifer Lopez. Centerpiece concert sequences which were recreations of slain singer Selena's 1995 Houston Astrodome Concert.

36,451: 2006 CONCACAF FIFA World Cup Qualification Round 2, Dominica vs. Mexico 36,037: 1996 NBA All-Star Game 29,619: 2002 NCAA Women's Final Four Championship Game, Oklahoma vs. Connecticut (the largest turnout to an NCAA women's basketball game) 22,043: Canadian Football: 1995 Calgary Stampeders vs. San Antonio Texans 19,211: Hockey: 1997 Phoenix Roadrunners vs. San Antonio Dragons

References

External links

Official Website of the Alamodome

Official Website of the Alamo Bowl

}} Category:Big 12 Championship Game venues Category:Basketball venues in Texas Category:Covered stadiums Category:NCAA bowl game venues Category:Defunct Canadian football venues Category:San Antonio Spurs venues Category:Defunct National Basketball Association venues Category:Sports venues in San Antonio, Texas Category:UTSA Roadrunners football Category:American football venues in Texas Category:1993 architecture Category:New Orleans Saints stadiums Category:Event venues established in 1993 ar:ملعب ألامودومي de:Alamodome es:Alamodome fa:آلامودوم fr:Alamodome it:Alamodome ja:アラモドーム

name	La Mafia
landscape	yes
background	group_or_band
origin	Houston, Texas, United States
genre	Latin pop, Tejano
years active	1980–present
label	Urbana Records
website	http://www.lamafia.com
current members	Oscar De La Rosa - vocalistArmando (Mando) Lichtenberger Jr - accordion and keyboardsTim Ruiz - bassJoe Gonzales - drumsDavid DeLaGarza- keyboardsViktor Pacheco - guitar
past members	}}

La Mafia is a four-time Grammy Award-winning musical group. It has its roots in the Northside neighborhood of Houston, Texas and has charted a course as a Latin music band.

History

La Mafia was founded in 1980 in Houston, Tx. Vocalist Oscar De La Rosa & producer/keyboardist/accordionist Armando Lichtenberger Jr. have created an original style that has survived various changes in the music industry. The band consists of Tim Ruiz on bass, David de la Garza on keyboards and background vocals, Joe Gonzales on drums and Viktor Pacheco on Guitar in 2007. The band has won 2 Grammys & 2 Latin Grammys was most recently nominated in 2009 for a Latin Grammy for the most recent album "Eternamente Romanticos"

La Mafia, seeking to expand their musical horizons, began touring extensively in Mexico and Latin America beginning in the late 1980s. The practice of Mexican-American artists performing in Mexico on a large scale was unheard of before La Mafia. Back home, La Mafia has performed in front of three record-setting crowds at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo at the Houston Astrodome.

Discography

Since 1993, La Mafia has recorded each of its hits at its own Urbana Recording Studios, including the million-selling "''Estas Tocando Fuego''" and "''Ahora y Siempre''". The band has recorded 35 albums and CDs, not including dozens of compilation and greatest hits releases.

Awards and recognitions

La Mafia received Grammy Awards for its CDs ''Un Millón de Rosas'' and ''En Tus Manos'' and Latin Grammy Awards for its CDs "''Para El Pueblo''" and "''Nuevamente''". It also has received eight Premio Lo Nuestro Awards and 12 Tejano Music Awards, including a Lifetime Achievement Award from the latter, numerous Billboard awards and was listed in the top 10 Billboard Latin Artists for the entire decade of the 90s, ranking La Mafia as the most successful Latin artist Houston has ever produced.

La Mafia vs Kumbia All Starz

In the summer of 2008 Oscar De La Rosa, leader of La Mafia challenged A.B. Quintanilla and his group Los Kumbia All Starz to a battle of the bands. A.B. Quintanilla responded by making a video saying that he accepted and that the battle would be held at Robstown, Texas on August 2, 2008. A press conference was held in San Antonio, Texas on July 30, 2008 where both groups answered questions to the fans. The two stages were set side to side and the rules were each group had to sing 3 songs in a row. The battle began as they tossed a coin to see who would sing first. Oscar called heads and heads it was, so he elected A.B. Quintanilla to go first. For his first 3 songs he chose 3 Tejano songs he wrote and he got his two special guest singers Elida Reyna to sing the first two and Jesse Turner of Siggno to sing the third one. Then La Mafia sang "Estás Tocando Fuego" and two more 90's Billboard hits. For Kumbia All Starz's second turn, their lead singer DJ Kane and Ricky Rick performed the hit single "Shhh!" and two other songs with the dancers from DJ Kane's group when he was a solo singer, John and JD. La Mafia then performed with 3 more songs. Kumbia All Starz sang 3 more songs, then A.B. Quintanilla asked Oscar De La Rosa if they could sing one more song, and Oscar agreed, and so Ricky Rick and Melissa Jiménez got on stage and performed the hit song "Rica Y Apretadita". La Mafia then sang 3 of their biggest hits, and after that the crowd was screaming for more, so they sang one more song. At the end of the night La Mafia was declared the winner.

Members

Oscar De La Rosa - vocalist

Armando Lichtenberger Jr - accordion & keyboards

Tim Ruiz - bass

Joe Gonzales - drums

Viktor Pacheco - guitar

David De La Garza - keyboards & background vocals

Past members: Leonard Gonzales (brother of Oscar De La Rosa [Gonzales]) -guitar Robert Gonzales - guitar & bass guitar Marion Aquilina - guitar Israel (Speedy) Villanueva - bass guitar Adolf Alonso - bass guitar Rudy Martinez - bass guitar Tony Rodriguez - drums Mario Gonzalez - drums Adam Mosqueda - drums Michael Aguilar - drums Jesse Moreno - Sax Jesse Peralez - Sax Rick Patino - Sax-Trumpet

External links

Official Website

Official MySpace

Official Facebook

Official YouTube

References

Category:Musical groups from Texas Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:People from Houston, Texas Category:Musical groups from Houston, Texas Category:Tejano musicians

es:La Mafia