Pasha or pascha, formerly bashaw, () was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors, generals and dignitaries. As an honorary title, ''Pasha'', in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord, and was also one of the highest titles in pre-republican Egypt.

Linguistics

The word ''pasha'' entered English from Turkish ''paşa''. Etymologists variously derive the word ''paşa'' from the Turkish ''baş'' or ''baş ağa'', "head, chief". Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled ''başa'' still in the 15th century. As first used in western Europe, the title appeared in writing with the initial "b". The English forms ''bashaw'', ''bassaw'', ''bucha'' etc., general in the 16th and 17th century, derive through the medieval Latin and Italian word ''bassa''. Due to the Ottoman presence in the Arab World, the title became used frequently in Arabic, though pronounced as ''basha'' due to the absence of the letter "p" in Arabic.

Role in Ottoman and Egyptian political systems

The Ottoman Sultan had the right to bestow the title of ''Pasha'' (). Muhammad Ali, the Albanian warlord who rose to power in Egypt in 1805, bore the title of ''pasha'' in what was nominally still the Egypt Eyalet. His successors Ibrahim, Sa'id and Isma'il equally bore the title of ''pasha'' until Isma'il in 1867 convinced sultan Abdülaziz to officially recognize him as ''khedive'' ("viceroy").

The title appears, originally, to have applied exclusively to military commanders, but subsequently it could distinguish any high official, and also unofficial persons whom the court desired to honour. It was also part of the official style of the Alpina Kursuncu Pasha (Great Admiral of the entire Ottoman fleet). Pashas ranked above Beys and Aghas, but below Khedives and Viziers.

Three grades of Pasha existed, distinguished by the number of yak- or horse-tails (three, two and one respectively; a symbol of Turco-Mongol tradition) or peacock tails, which the bearers were entitled to display on their standard as a symbol of military authority when on campaign* Only the Sultan himself was entitled to four tails, as sovereign commander in chief.

The following military ranks entitled the holder to the style Pasha (lower ranks were styled Bey or merely Effendi):

The Vizier-i-Azam (Grand Vizier, the prime minister, but also often taking the field as Generalissimo instead of the Sultan)

Mushir (Field marshal)

Ferik (army Lieutenant-general or navy Vice-admiral)

Liva (major general or Rear-admiral)

The Kizlar Agha (chief black eunuch, the highest officer in the Topkapı Palace; three tails, as commander of the baltacı corps of the halberdiers in the imperial army

Istanbul's Shaikh ul-Islam, the highest Muslim clergyman, of cabinet rank.

If a Pasha governed a provincial territory, it could be called a ''pashaluk'' after his military title, besides the administrative term for the type of jurisdiction, e.g. ''eyalet, vilayet/walayah''. Both Beylerbeys (governors-general) and valis/wālis (the most common type of Governor) were entitled to the style of Pasha (typically with two tails). The word ''pashalik'' designated any province or other jurisdiction of a Pasha.

Ottoman and Egyptian authorities conferred the title upon both Muslims and Christians without distinction. They also frequently gave it to foreigners in the service of the Ottoman Empire or of the Egyptian Khedivate (later Sultanate, and Kingdom in turn), e.g. Hobart Pasha.

Honorific

In usage, the title followed the given name. Although the word serves as a non-hereditary title, English speakers have commonly used the word ''pasha'' as if it formed part of a personal name, as for instance in Ibrahim Pasha or Emin Pasha, similar to the practice of referring to a British Peer as Lord X, since in both cases it substitutes for a more precise rank title.

The sons of a Pasha were styled Pashazada or Pasha-zade, which means just that.

In modern Egyptian and (to a lesser extent) Levantine Arabic, it is used as an honorific closer to "Sir" than "Lord," especially by older people. Among Egyptians born since the Revolution of 1952 and the abolition of noble titles, it is considered a highly informal way of addressing one's male peers.

Although not used as an official title, today, general officers of the Turkish Armed Forces are referred as Pashas by public and media in Turkey.

List of notable pashas

Abaza Family – Egyptian Pashas and Beys

Abbas I of Egypt

Abbas II of Egypt

Ahmed Pasha (Claude Alexandre de Bonneval)

Ahmet Fevzi Paşa – Turkish-Egyptian Admiral

Ali Pasha — statesman

Alpina Kursuncu Pasha

Barbarossa Khair ad-Din Pasha

Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha

Emin Pasha

Enver Pasha

Essad Pasha

Fakhri Pasha

Fuad Pasha

Glubb Pasha (John Bagot Glubb)

Gordon Pasha

Hagop Kazazian Pasha

Hobart Pasha

Hussein Refki Pasha

Ibrahim Pasha

İsmet Pasha (İsmet İnönü)

Jafar al-Askari

Jamal Pasha

Józef Bem – a Polish general and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, who served in the Ottoman Empire. Also known as Yusuf Murad Paşa

Judar Pasha – Moroccan general

Kara Mustafa Pasha

Kazazian Pasha

Kilic Ali Pasha

Multiple members of the Köprülü family, especially Kara Mustafa Pasha

Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha

Liman von Sanders Pasha

Mahmud Dramali Pasha — Ottoman general

Mehmed Pasha Sokolović

Melling Pasha

Midhat Pasha

Müezzinzade Ali Pasha — Ottoman admiral

Muhammad Ali Pasha — viceroy of Egypt

Mustafa Kemal Pasha, subsequently known as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the post-Ottoman Turkish republic

Mustafa Reshid Pasha

Nubar Pasha

Osman Pasha

Piyale Pasha

Riyad Pasha — Egyptian statesman

Said Pasha

Sinan Pasha

Stone Pasha

Sulejman Pasha

Sultan al-Atrash

Talat Pasha

Tewfik Pasha

Turhan Pasha Përmeti

Tusun Pasha

Urabi Pasha

Valentine Baker

Wehib Pasha

Woods Pasha

Radu cel Frumos — Brother of Vlad III Tepes; also known as Radu Bey, convert to Islam, appointed Pasha of Wallachia by Fatih Sultan Mehmet from 1462–1473, representing the only period of direct Islamic rule in Wallachia. (See Radu cel Frumos)

Youssef Wahba Pasha — Egyptian Prime Minister

Sir William Williams Canadian/British General

Yusuf Karamanli Pasha of Tripoli

Tawfiq Bay (Tevfik Pasha), Arab pan islamist

See also

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman titlesimran m pasha - leader of 453

Notes

References

AllAboutTurkey.com - ''The Ottoman harem''

Category:Noble titles Category:Turkish titles Category:Words of Turkish origin Category:Titles in Afghanistan Category:Noble titles of Egypt Category:Titles in Iran Category:Titles in Pakistan Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership Category:Titles in Lebanon

ar:باشا ba:Паша be:Паша be-x-old:Паша (тытул) bs:Paša ca:Paixà cs:Paša de:Pascha (Titel) et:Paša el:Πασάς es:Bajá eo:Paŝao fa:پاشا fr:Pacha (titre) hr:Paša it:Pascià he:פאשה jv:Pasha ka:ფაშა la:Bassa lv:Pašā lt:Paša hu:Pasa mk:Паша nl:Pasja (titel) ja:パシャ pl:Pasza (urząd) pt:Paxá ro:Pașa ru:Паша (титул) sk:Paša sl:Paša sr:Паша sh:Paša fi:Pašša sv:Pascha tr:Paşa uk:Паша zh:帕夏

Coordinates	53°43′″N22°48′″N
name	Fatboy Slim
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Quentin Leo Cook
alias	Fatboy Slim, and others. See pseudonym section
birth date	July 31, 1963
origin	Reigate, Surrey, England
spouse	Zoe Ball (1999-present)
genre	Big beat, electronic dance, trip hop, dance, rave
occupation	DJ, musician, record producer
instrument	Turntables, keyboard, bass guitar, guitar, drums
years active	1981–present
label	Skint, Astralwerks, Southern Fried
associated acts	The Housemartins, Beats International, Freak Power, Pizzaman, The Brighton Port Authority, David Byrne
website	}}

Norman Quentin Cook (born Quentin Leo Cook on 31 July 1963 in Bromley, England) better known by his former stage name Fatboy Slim, is a British DJ, big beat musician and record producer. He is a pioneer of the electronic dance genre that achieved mainstream popularity in the 1990s. Cook has achieved considerable success in the UK charts, performing as Fatboy Slim and with The Housemartins, Beats International and Freak Power. He currently performs as the Brighton Port Authority.

History

Quentin Leo Cook was raised in Reigate, Surrey, England, and was educated at Reigate Grammar School. He played drums in Disque Attack (a British new-wave-influenced rock band). When frontman Charlie Alcock was told by his parents that he had to give up the band to concentrate on his O levels, Cook took over as lead vocalist. At Reigate College he also met Paul Heaton with whom he formed the Stomping Pondfrogs. At 18, he went to the Brighton Polytechnic to study a BA in English, politics and sociology. Although he had begun DJing some years before, it was at this time that he began to develop his skills on the thriving Brighton club scene.

Known as DJ Quentox (The OX that Rocks) Cook and DJ Baptiste started putting on Youth Club Hip Hop jams in Brighton, sowing the seeds of the City's flourishing Hip Hop scene today. These primitive 80s block parties are recalled in the music documentary 'South Coast' which documents Brighton's cult Hip Hop scene from its grass roots to the present day.

In 1985 Cook's friend Paul Heaton had formed a guitar band called The Housemartins. Their bassist quit on the eve of their first national tour, so Cook agreed to move to Hull to join them. The band soon had a hit single with "Happy Hour". They also reached number one just before Christmas 1986 with a version of "Caravan of Love" originally a hit the year before for Isley-Jasper-Isley. However, by 1988 they had split up. Heaton and the band's drummer Dave Hemingway went on to form The Beautiful South, while Cook moved back to Brighton to pursue his interest in the style of music he preferred. It was at this time that he first started working with young studio engineer Simon Thornton, with whom he continues to make records. All Cook's records released from that point onwards have involved both of them to varying degrees (Thornton is credited in 2004 as "Executive Producer" for example).

Cook achieved his first solo hit in 1989, featuring his future Beats International member MC Wildski called "Blame It on the Bassline". Credited to "Norman Cook feat. MC Wildski", the song followed the basic template of what was to come in the style of the music of Beats International. It became a modest hit in the UK Singles Chart, reaching #29.

Cook formed Beats International, a loose confederation of studio musicians including vocalists Lindy Layton, Lester Noel, D.J. Baptiste, rapper MC Wildski, and keyboardist Andy Boucher. Their first album ''Let Them Eat Bingo'' included the number one single "Dub Be Good to Me", which caused a legal dispute revolving around allegations of infringement of copyright through the liberal use of unauthorised samples: the bassline was a note-for-note lift from "The Guns of Brixton" by The Clash and the lyrics borrowed heavily from "Just Be Good to Me" by The S.O.S. Band. The 1991 follow-up album ''Excursion on the Version'', an exploration of dub and reggae rhythms, failed to repeat the success of its predecessor, as it did not chart.

Cook then formed Freak Power with horn player Ashley Slater and singer Jesse Graham. They released their debut album ''Drive Thru Booty'' in 1994, which contained the single "Turn On, Tune In, Cop Out". The cut was picked up by the Levi's company for use in a multimillion-dollar advertising campaign. In 1996, Cook re-joined Freak Power for their second album ''More of Everything for Everybody''.

Cook enlisted help from producer friends Tim Jeffery and JC Reid to create a house music album under the name Pizzaman. The 1995 ''Pizzamania'' album spawned three UK Top 40 hits in "Trippin' on Sunshine", "Sex on the Streets" and "Happiness". "Happiness" was picked up by the Del Monte Foods corporation for use in a UK fruit juice ad. The music videos for "Trippin' on Sunshine", "Sex on the Streets" and "Happiness" were all directed by Michael Dominic.

Cook also formed the group The Mighty Dub Katz along with Gareth Hansome (aka GMoney), Cook's former flatmate. Together they started the ''Boutique'' Nightclub in Brighton, formerly known as the ''Big Beat Boutique''. Their biggest song together was "Magic Carpet Ride".

Recordings, 1997–2008

Cook adopted the new pseudonym Fatboy Slim in 1996. The Fatboy Slim album and Cook's second solo album ''Better Living Through Chemistry'' (released through Skint Records) contained the Top 40 UK hit, "Everybody Needs a 303".

Fatboy Slim's next work was the single "The Rockafeller Skank", released prior to the album ''You've Come a Long Way, Baby'', both of which were released in 1998. "Praise You", also from this album, was Cook's first UK solo number one. Its music video, directed by Spike Jonze, won numerous awards.

''Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars'' was his fourth solo album, released in 2000 and featured two collaborations with Macy Gray and "Weapon of Choice", which also was made into an award-winning video starring Christopher Walken.

In 2003, he produced tracks 3 and 12 for the Blur album ''Think Tank'', and in 2004, ''Palookaville'' was Cook's first studio album for four years.

Fatboy Slim's greatest hits album ''Why Try Harder'' was released on 19 June 2006. It comprises eighteen tracks, including ten Top 40 singles, a couple of Number Ones and two exclusive new tracks – "Champion Sound" and "That Old Pair of Jeans". Most of the songs were shortened and heavily edited, resulting in almost fifteen minutes of unused space on the compact disc release.

In 2006 Cook travelled to Cuba, and wrote and produced two original Cuban crossover tracks for the album ''The Revolution Presents: Revolution'', which was released by Studio !K7 and Rapster Records in 2009. The tracks were called "Shelter" (which featured long term collaborator Lateef); and "Siente Mi Ritmo", featuring Cuba's top female vocal group "Sexto Sentido". The recordings took place in Cuba's legendary EGREM Studios, home of the Buena Vista Social Club, and featured a band made up of Cuba's top young musicians, including Harold Lopez Nussa. Another track recorded during these sessions entitled "Guaguanco" was released separately under the Mighty Dub Katz moniker in 2006.

Cook has also been responsible for successful remixes for Cornershop, Beastie Boys, A Tribe Called Quest and Wildchild. In 2008 he did a remix of the track "Amazonas" for the charity Bottletop.

Cook released a mix album in 2010 titled ''The Legend Returns'' as a covermount album in the June 2010 issue of Mixmag. The Brighton Port Authority (also known as the abbreviated version of the name, The BPA) is an alias for multi-instrumentalist and musician Norman Cook, who is better known as Fatboy Slim.

The Brighton Port Authority

The act debuted in 2008 with a collaboration with David Byrne and Dizzee Rascal titled "Toe Jam", along with a music video featuring nude dancers with censor bars on them, making pictures and words with them.

The soundtrack album for the TV series ''Heroes'' also includes the BPA's track "He's Frank (Slight Return)" (a cover of a song by The Monochrome Set), with Iggy Pop as vocalist. The video for this track features a near life size puppet of Iggy Pop. An alternative club version was released under the "He's Frank (Washing Up)" title with the video featuring some footage of Iggy Pop acting and saying lyrics.

The band's first album, ''I Think We're Gonna Need a Bigger Boat'', is the first to be co-produced by Cook's longtime engineer Simon Thornton, who also sings on one track. The album was released 6 January 2009 exclusively at Amazon.com on CD, with downloadable format and other stores scheduled for a month later on 3 February.

Performances

On 13 July 2002 Fatboy Slim performed the second of his free, open air concerts on Brighton Beach. Although organisers expected a crowd of around 60,000 people, the event instead attracted an estimated 250,000 who crammed the promenade and beach between Brighton's piers. Local police forced the event to end early amid safety concerns, overcrowding, and one death. After the music had finished and the crowd began to dissipate, traffic ensued throughout the Brighton area with many caught in traffic jams until the morning.

In June 2005 Fatboy Slim filled the Friday night headline slot on the "Other Stage" at the Glastonbury Festival,. In 2006, Fatboy Slim filled the Saturday headline slot at the Global Gathering festival, Long Marston Airfield in the English Midlands. He played a two hour set, appearing in front of a visual stage set comprising video screens and 3D lighting. A firework display rounded off the show. Having being banned by police from playing in Brighton since 2002, Fatboy Slim was given permission in 2006 to play again in his home town. On 1 January 2007 he played to an audience of more than 20,000 fans along Brighton's seafront. Tickets to the event, titled "Fatboy Slim's Big Beach Boutique 3", were made available only to Brighton residents. The concert was deemed a stunning success by Sussex Police, Fatboy Slim, and the crowd. The Cuban Brothers and David Guetta opened the concert. The next similar event, 'Big Beach Boutique 4', was held on 27 September 2008.

In 2008 Fatboy Slim played at the Glastonbury Festival again, and headlined the O2 Wireless Festival and Rockness Festival. According to an ''NME'' interview, this may have been one of the last times he performed as Fatboy Slim, as he may now focus on his new album, ''The Brighton Port Authority (BPA)''. Also in 2008, Fatboy Slim closed out the famed "Sahara" tent on Friday of the legendary Coachella Valley Music Festival. His introduction included a "Charlie and the Chocholate Factory" opening, that has been called by many one of the most memorable Sahara performances ever.

In 2009 he toured Australia in the ''Good Vibrations'' festival. Also in 2009, he played in Marlay Park, Ireland alongside David Guetta, Dizzee Rascal and Calvin Harris; as well as one huge performance at the Sziget Festival in Budapest. He also has performed at V Festival 2009.

At Glastonbury 2009 he played an unadvertised concert in the "pinball-machine" stage at trash city. In 2010 Fatboy Slim headlined the east dance at Glastonbury Festival. On 18 June 2010 he performed in Cape Town, South Africa as part of the Cool Britannia FIFA World Cup music festival at the Cape Town International Convention Centre. On 30 May 2011 he performed as the headliner for Detroit's Electronic Music Festival in Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Biography

Cook was awarded a star on the city of Brighton's Walk of Fame, next to that of Winston Churchill.

He married TV personality Zoë Ball in 1999 at Babington House in Somerset; in January 2003, Cook broke up with Ball but three months later, they reconciled. They have a son named Woody Fred Cook (born 15 December 2000) and a daughter named Nelly May Lois (born 14 January 2010). Cook is a 12% shareholder of the football club he has supported since moving to Brighton in the late 1980s, Brighton & Hove Albion.

''Q'' magazine named Fatboy Slim in their ''50 Bands to See Before You Die'' list.

On 4 March 2009, Cook checked into a rehabilitation centre in Bournemouth to fight a "booze addiction" that he has been battling "for some time".

Because of an extended stay in rehab his performance at Snowbombing (week-long winter sports and music festival held in the Austrian ski resort of Mayrhofen) was canceled – with the slot being filled by 2ManyDJs. Cook then left the clinic at the end of March.

Cook completed the inaugural Brighton Marathon on 18 April 2010 in a time of 4:53:10.

Awards

In 1999, the video to "Praise You" won three MTV awards, for best direction (Spike Jonze), best choreography (Jones as "Richard Koufey") and best breakthrough video. Fatboy Slim's single "The Rockafeller Skank" topped the ''Village Voice'' 1999 Pazz & Jop singles poll. In September 2001, Fatboy Slim's video for "Weapon of Choice", also directed by Spike Jonze, received six prizes at the MTV Video Awards, the most given to a single winner that year. In May 2007, Cook received an Ivor Novello Award for his "outstanding contribution to British music". Cook was also a judge for the 6th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. He has won two Brit Awards, in 1999 and 2001, both for British Dance Act.

Bands and pseudonyms

Norman Cook, now his real name

Beats International

Rockaway 3

Chemistry

Brighton Port Authority

DJ Delite Used in DJ Tools (e.g. acapellas) for Fatboy Slim Singles

Freak Power

Pizzaman

Sensataria

Cheeky Boy

Son of a Cheeky Boy

Son of Wilmot

Sunny Side Up

The Feelgood Factor

The Housemartins, the indie rock band for which Cook was the bassist for from 1985 to 1988.

Yum Yum Head Food

Fatboy Slim

Fried Funk Food

Mighty Dub Katz ("Magic Carpet Ride" dance song, 1996)

Slimboy Fat

Wildchild ("Renegade Master")

Discography

''Main article: Norman Cook Discography''

See also

The Chemical Brothers

The Prodigy

The Crystal Method

Notes

External links

A Conversation with Norman Cook

Fatboy Slim (Discography) – beatbuggy.com

Norman Cook's Cuban Tracks on The Revolution Presents: Revolution

Video: Norman Cook In Cuba (Interview)

Category:Astralwerks artists Category:Electronica musicians Category:English electronic musicians Category:Music from Brighton, England Category:English football chairmen and investors Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Old Reigatians Category:Alumni of the University of Brighton Category:Breakbeat musicians Category:BRIT Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:The Housemartins members Category:Remixers Category:People from Hove

bn:ফ্যাটবয় স্লিম bg:Фатбой Слим ca:Fatboy Slim cs:Fatboy Slim da:Fatboy Slim de:Norman Cook et:Fatboy Slim es:Fatboy Slim fr:Fatboy Slim ko:팻보이 슬림 is:Fatboy Slim it:Fatboy Slim he:פאטבוי סלים ka:ფეტბოი სლიმი lv:Fatboy Slim lt:Fatboy Slim nl:Norman Cook ja:ファットボーイ・スリム no:Fatboy Slim pl:Fatboy Slim pt:Fatboy Slim ru:Fatboy Slim fi:Fatboy Slim sv:Fatboy Slim th:นอร์แมน คุก tr:Fatboy Slim uk:Фетбой Слім

Coordinates	53°43′″N22°48′″N
name	Juliana Pasha
background	solo_singer
born	May 20, 1980 Tirana, Albania
origin	Burrel, Albania
genre	Pop
occupation	Singer
years active	}}

Juliana Pasha (born 20 May 1980, Tirana, Albania) is an Albanian singer. She is very famous in Albania.In 2010 she won Honorary Citizen Award of Burrel from the mayor of the city. After she went into Eurovision in 2010 she won the first prize in the festival "Kenga Magjike" with the song called "Sa e shite zemren".

Eurovision 2010

On 27 December 2009, Pasha won the national final to represent Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. She had previously taken part in the 2007 and 2008 festivals, placing 3rd and 2nd respectively with "Qielli i ri" and "Një jetë", the latter a duet with Luiz Ejlli. In the contest, she qualified to the final, where she performed fifteenth, following the Turkish representants MaNga and preceding Iceland's Hera Björk, and placed 16th out of 25 contestants, receiving 62 points, which included a 12-point set from FYR Macedonia.

Personal life

Pasha announced she will release a Christian CD in Albanian and English soon. When the media asked her how important religion is for her – she said it is very important because she believes in God and that she is here because of his help. She has also been involved in a project called Hanna (PH), who are fighting to remove the blood vengeance tradition in Albania.

References

Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Albanian singers Category:Albanian Eurovision Song Contest entrants Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010 Category:People from Tirana Category:Albanian Christians

az:Yuliana Paşa bg:Юлияна Паша cy:Juliana Pasha da:Juliana Pasha de:Juliana Pasha es:Juliana Pasha fr:Juliana Pasha gl:Juliana Pasha hr:Juliana Pasha it:Juliana Pasha ka:იულიანა პაშა lv:Juliāna Paša hu:Juliana Pasha nl:Juliana Pasha ja:ユリアナ・パシャ no:Juliana Pasha pl:Juliana Pasha pt:Juliana Pasha ro:Juliana Pasha ru:Паша, Юлиана sq:Juliana Pasha fi:Juliana Pasha sv:Juliana Pasha tr:Juliana Pasha uk:Юліана Паша

:''For the defunct avant-garde metal band from Kristiansand, Norway, see In the Woods...''

Coordinates	53°43′″N22°48′″N
name	In the Woods
author	Tana French
country	Ireland
language	English
series	Cassie Maddox
genre	Mystery
publisher	Viking Adult
pub date	2007-05-17
media type	Print (Hardcover)
pages	429pp
isbn	978-0670038602
dewey	823/.92 22
congress	PR6106.R457 I52 2007
oclc	191864570
followed by	The Likeness: A Novel }}

''In the Woods'' is a 2007 mystery novel by Tana French.

Twenty years prior to the novel's events, twelve year-old Adam and his two best friends failed to come home from a trip into the familiar woods bordering their Irish housing estate. In the present day, Detective Rob [Adam] Ryan claims that the twin disappearances of his friends and his memory of that afternoon have not had any real effect on his psyche. Though the novel centers on an investigation by Ryan and his partner, Cassie Maddox, into the murder of a twelve year-old girl in those same woods, it is the long-ago disappearances which provides the main psychological thrust of the novel. The novel won the 2008 Edgar Award for Best First Novel By An American Author.

French's second novel, The Likeness, was published in 2008. It continues with Cassie Maddox and mentions Adam (Rob) Ryan only peripherally. On July 13, 2010, French's third novel, Faithful Place, was published. The novel is narrated by Frank Mackey, who appeared in French's second novel, The Likeness. French's fourth novel, Broken Harbour featuring "Scorcher" Kennedy as the narrator, will be published on March 29, 2012. Scorcher appears in French's third novel, Faithful Place.

References

Category:2007 novels Category:Mystery novels Category:Edgar Award winning works

Coordinates	53°43′″N22°48′″N
Name	Omar Pasha
Birth place	Janja Gora near Plaški, Croatian Military Frontier, Austrian Empire (today's Croatia)
Death place	Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Allegiance	Austrian Empire Ottoman Empire
Laterwork	}}

Omar Pasha Latas ( ; 1806–1871) was a Ottoman general and governor. He was a Serb/Croat convertite to Islam, who managed to quickly climb in Ottoman ranks, crush several rebellions throughout the Empire and defeat Russia the Crimean War.

Early life

He was born as Mihajlo Latas in Janja Gora, municipality of Plaški in present-day Croatia at the time part of the Croatian Military Frontier of Austrian Empire. He was an ethnic Serb or Croat, an Orthodox Christian. Educated in Gospić, and than at a military school in Zadar, he joined a frontier regiment. Latas fled to Bosnia in 1823 to escape charges of embezzlement. There he converted to Islam.

His father Petar served in the Austrian Army and in time was appointed lieutenant-governor of the Ogulin district. Michael was an intelligent and lively child, if rather sickly. He developed a passion for the military, and on leaving school he was accepted as a cadet in his father's Ogulin Regiment. He had beautiful handwriting, and was assigned to clerical duties. There he might have languished, if his father had not upset someone along the corruption line and suffered a conviction for misappropriation. Michael felt that he couldn't stay with the Regiment, and he left for Bosnia.

Military career

He became writing-master to the Ottoman heir, Abd-ul-Medjid, and on the succession of the latter in 1839 was made a colonel. He was military governor of Lebanon in 1842, won distinction in suppressing rebellions in Albania (1843), Kurdistan (1846), and Bosnia (1850), but his chief services were rendered in the Russian War; he successfully defended Kalafat in 1853, entered Bucharest in 1854, and defeated 40,000 Russians next year at Eupatoria in the Crimea. His capture of Cetinje, Montenegro, in 1862 was a difficult feat.

After living rough for a time, he was offered a position as tutor to the children of a Turkish merchant, on condition that he changed his religion from Orthodoxy to Islam. Although an easy enough condition to fulfill in order to get off the streets, it was a huge cultural step that led naturally to his decision that his future lay with the Turks.

The big break came for the newly named Omar when the family moved to Istanbul(Constantinople). By astute networking and doubtless exploiting his curiosity value as an ex-European military man, he was appointed lecturer at the Turkish Military Academy. With this exposure he shone enough to be snapped up as ADC to the Polish Ottoman General Chrzanowski, who was engaged in the re-organization of the Ottoman Army after the defeat of the Janissaries Subsequent successful combat command in Bosnia in 1851 and in Montenegro in 1852 made the 1853 tangle with the Russians seem like just another war to be won.

There is no doubt that Omar's marriage had opened all the right doors for him, Perhaps for that reason the allied troops found his expression cold and uninterested when seated on his horse plodding round their lines.

Activities

:Tutor in the household of Hussein Pasha, Governor of Widdin. :1834 - Writing master in a military school at Constantinople. ::Instructor to Abd ul Medjid, heir apparent to the throne. :1842 - Appointed Governor of Lebanon. ::Successfully repressed insurrections in Albania (1843) and Kurdistan (1846). :1850 crushed a rebellion of beys in Bosnia. :1852 defeated the Montenegrins under Prince Danilo :1853 - Defeated the Russians at Olteniţa. :1854 - Successfully defended Silistria against Russians, gaining possession of Bucharest. Repulsed the Russians at Eupatoria, in Crimea. :1857-59 - Governor of Baghdad. :1862 - Repressed the insurrection in Montenegro and took possession of Cetinje. :1864 - Made field marshal. :1867 - Fought rebels in Crete. :1869 - Made Minister of war.

References

Literature

The Serbs by Sima M. Ćirković, Vuk Tošić translated by Vuk Tošić; Wiley-Blackwell, 2004 page 222

Chambers's biographical dictionary: the great of all times and nations by David Patrick, Francis Hindes Groome; W. & R. Chambers, limited, 1907 page 706

The Near East in Modern Times: The Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States to 1900, by G. G. Arnakis, Wayne S. Vucinich; Pemberton Press, 1969 pages 207, 345

Wars and Peace Treaties, 1816-1991 by Erik Goldstein; Routledge, 1992 page 24

The encyclopedia of nineteenth-century land warfare: an illustrated world view by Byron Farwell; W. W. Norton & Company, 2001 page 613

The Balkan Economies C. 1800-1914: Evolution Without Development by Michael R. Palairet; Contributors: Charles Feinstein, Patrick O'Brien, Barry Supple, Peter Temin, Gianni Toniolo; Cambridge University Press, 2004 page 133

Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina by Mitja Velikonja; Texas A&M; University Press, 2003 pages 85–86

History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by Barbara Jelavich; Cambridge University Press, 1983 page 345

An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires by James S. Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas, and Nicholas C.J. Pappas; Greenwood Press (March 30, 1994) page 8

The Druzes And The Maronites Under The Turkish Rule From 1840 To 1860 by Charles Henry Churchill; Kessinger Publishing (June 30, 2004) pages 64, 72-74,77-79

A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War by Andrew James; Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p121-122

The Turkish Empire; Its Historical, Statistical, and Religious Condition: Also Its Manners, Customs, Etc. by Alfred de Bessé, Edward Joy Morris, Contributors: John Fagan and Thomas S. Sinclair; Lindsay & Blakiston, 1854 pages 24–27

The Reconstruction of Europe: A Sketch of the Diplomatic and Military History of Continental Europe, from the Rise to the Fall of the Second French Empire by Harold Murdock, John Fiske; Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1889

External links

Omer Pasa Latas

Category:1806 births Category:1871 deaths Category:Pashas Category:Field Marshals of the Ottoman Empire Category:Ottoman military personnel of the Crimean War Category:Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy Category:Croatian military personnel in Austrian armies Category:Croatian Muslims Category:Serbian Muslims Category:Serbian soldiers

bs:Omer-paša Latas de:Omar Pascha fr:Omer Pacha it:Omar Pascià hu:Omer pasa no:Omar Pasja ru:Лютфи-паша, Омер sr:Омер-паша Латас tr:Serdar-ı Ekrem Ömer Paşa