Events

539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.

1216 – King John of England loses his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge

1279 – Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk founder of Nichiren Buddhism, inscribes the Dai-Gohonzon

1398 – The Treaty of Salynas is signed between Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Teutonic Knights, who received Samogitia.

1492 – Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean, specifically in The Bahamas. The explorer believes he has reached South Asia

1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.

1654 – The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people.

1692 – The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Massachusetts Governor William Phips.

1773 – America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Virginia

1792 – First celebration of Columbus Day in the USA held in New York

1793 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina

1810 – First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.

1822 – Peter I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of the Brazil

1823 – Charles Macintosh, of Scotland, sells the first raincoat.

1871 – Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) enacted by British rule in India, which named over 160 local communities 'Criminal Tribes', i.e. hereditary criminals. Repealed in 1949, after Independence of India.

1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools, as part of a celebration marking the 400th anniversary of Columbus's voyage.

1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.

1915 – World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium

1917 – World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history.

1918 – A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Minnesota.

1928 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston

1933 – The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island, is acquired by the United States Department of Justice

1942 – World War II: Japanese ships retreat after their defeat in the Battle of Cape Esperance with the Japanese commander, Aritomo Gotō dying from wounds suffered in the battle and two Japanese destroyers sunk by Allied air attack.

1945 – World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor.

1953 – "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York

1959 – At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party. They will later form APRA Rebelde.

1960 – Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at United Nations General Assembly meeting to protest a Philippine assertion of Soviet Union colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe

1960 – Inejiro Asanuma, Chair of the Japanese Socialist Party, is assassinated in Japan by Otoya Yamaguchi, a 17-year-old. The cameras were rolling at the time, so the moment was caught on film.

1962 – Infamous Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages

1964 – The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits

1967 – Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile because of North Vietnam's opposition

1968 – Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain

1970 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas

1972 – En route to the Gulf of Tonkin, a racial brawl involving more than 100 sailors breaks out aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS ''Kitty Hawk''

1976 – The People's Republic of China announces that Hua Guofeng is the successor to the late Mao Zedong as chairman of Communist Party of China.

1979 – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the first of five books in the ''Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' comedy science fiction series by Douglas Adams is published.

1979 – The lowest recorded non-tornadic atmospheric pressure, 87.0 kPa (870 mbar or 25.69 inHg), occurred in the Western Pacific during Typhoon Tip.

1983 – Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to 4 years in jail.

1984 – Brighton hotel bombing: The Provisional Irish Republican Army attempt to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. Thatcher escapes but the bomb kills five people and wounds 31.

1986 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China

1988 – Jaffna University Helidrop: Commandos of Indian Peace Keeping Force raided the Jaffna University campus to capture the LTTE chief and walked into a trap.

1988 – Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down executional style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia.

1991 – Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.

1994 – NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere).

1997 – Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria; 43 killed at a fake roadblock.

1999 – Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.

1999 – The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia

1999 – The Day of Six Billion: The proclaimed 6 billionth living human in the world is born.

2000 – The USS ''Cole'' is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39

2002 – Terrorists detonate bombs in the Sari Club in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 and wounding over 300.

2005 – The second Chinese human spaceflight ''Shenzhou 6'' launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.

Births

1006 – Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (d. 1036)

1350 – Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscovy (d. 1389)

1490 – Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (d. 1548)

1537 – King Edward VI of England (d. 1553)

1558 – Archduke Maximilian III of Austria (d. 1618)

1558 – Jacques Sirmond, French scholar and Jesuit (d. 1651)

1576 – Thomas Dudley, English-born American colonial magistrate (d. 1653)

1602 – William Chillingworth, English religious leader (d. 1644)

1710 – Jonathan Trumbull, American politician and 16th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1785)

1712 – William Shippen, American physician and statesman (d. 1801)

1725 – Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (d. 1810)

1792 – Christian Gmelin, German chemist (d. 1860)

1798 – Pedro I of Brazil (d. 1834)

1801 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss statesman (d. 1873)

1815 – William J. Hardee, American Confederate general (d. 1873)

1840 – Helena Modjeska, Polish actress (d. 1909)

1855 – Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor (d. 1922)

1860 – Elmer Sperry, American inventor (d. 1930)

1865 – Arthur Harden, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)

1866 – Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)

1872 – Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer (d. 1958)

1874 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player (d. 1942)

1875 – Aleister Crowley, English occultist and author (d. 1947)

1880 – Louis Hémon, French novelist (d. 1913)

1887 – Paula von Preradović, Croatian-Austrian poet (d. 1951)

1891 – Edith Stein, Carmelite Catholic nun (d. 1942)

1892 – Gilda dalla Rizza, Italian soprano (d. 1975)

1893 – Velvalee Dickinson, American spy (d. 1980)

1894 – Elisabeth of Romania (d. 1956)

1896 – Eugenio Montale, Italian poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)

1904 – Ding Ling, Chinese writer (d. 1986)

1904 – Lester Dent, American writer (d. 1959)

1906 – Joe Cronin, American baseball player and executive (d. 1984)

1906 – John Murray, American playwright (d.1984)

1908 – Paul Engle, American writer (d. 1991)

1908 – Ann Petry, American novelist (d. 1997)

1910 – Robert Fitzgerald, American poet and translator (d. 1985)

1913 – Alice Chetwynd Ley, British romance writer (d. 2004)

1916 – Alice Childress, American actress and playwright (d. 1994)

1917 – Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2004)

1919 – Gilles Beaudoin, Quebec politician (d. 2007)

1920 – Christy Ring, Irish hurler (d. 1979)

1920 – Christopher Soames, Baron Soames, British politician (d. 1987)

1921 – Art Clokey, American animator (Gumby) (d. 2010)

1921 – Jaroslav Drobný, Czech-Egyptian-British tennis player (d. 2001)

1923 – Goody Petronelli, American boxing trainer and manager

1924 – Doris Grau, American actress (d. 1995)

1925 – Denis Lazure, Quebec politician (d. 2008)

1929 – Robert Coles, American psychologist and author

1929 – Magnús Magnússon, Icelandic television presenter (d. 2007)

1930 – Denis Brodeur, French-Canadian hockey photographer

1930 – Milica Kacin Wohinz, Slovenian historian

1931 – Ole-Johan Dahl, Norwegian computer scientist (d. 2002)

1932 – Dick Gregory, American comedian and activist

1932 – Ned Jarrett, American race car driver

1933 – Guido Molinari, Canadian painter (d. 2004)

1934 – Richard Meier, American architect

1934 – Albert Shiryaev, Russian mathematician

1935 – Tony Kubek, American baseball player

1935 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (d. 2007)

1935 – Sam Moore, American R&B; singer (Sam & Dave)

1935 – Don Howe, English football player and manager

1937 – Paul Hawkins, Australian racing driver (d. 1969)

1937 – Robert Mangold, American artist

1938 – Bob Miller, American NHL broadcaster

1941 – Michael Mansfield, English barrister

1942 – Melvin Franklin, American singer (The Temptations) (d. 1995)

1942 – Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter (Black Panther Party) (d. 1969)

1942 – Daliah Lavi, Israeli actress and singer

1944 – Angela Rippon, British television personality

1945 – Aurore Clément, French actress

1945 – Dusty Rhodes, American professional wrestler

1947 – Chris Wallace, American journalist

1947 – George Lam, Hong Kong singer

1948 – Rick Parfitt, British musician (Status Quo)

1948 – Hans Sprenger, German footballer

1949 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, Venezuelan international terrorist

1949 – Stan Hansen, American professional wrestler

1949 – Dave Lloyd, British cyclist

1949 – Paul Went, English footballer

1950 – Susan Anton, American actress

1950 – Robin Askwith, English actor

1950 – Caroline Ellis, English actress

1950 – Dave Freudenthal, American politician and 31st Governor of Wyoming

1950 – Kaga Takeshi, Japanese actor

1951 – Sally Little, South-African-born American golfer

1951 – Ed Royce, American politician

1952 – Danielle Proulx, Quebec actress

1953 – Les Dennis, British comedian and presenter

1953 – Serge Lepeltier, French politician

1955 – Einar Jan Aas, Norwegian footballer

1955 – Ante Gotovina, Croatian general

1955 – Brigitte Lahaie, French talk show host and actress

1955 – Aggie MacKenzie, Scottish television presenter

1955 – Jane Siberry, Canadian musician

1956 – David Vanian, British singer, (The Damned)

1957 – Kristen Bjorn, British film director

1958 – Bryn Merrick, British musician, (The Damned)

1958 – Steve Austria, American politician

1959 – Anna Escobedo Cabral, 42nd Treasurer of the United States

1960 – Carlo Perrone, Italian football manager and player

1960 – Hiroyuki Sanada, Japanese actor

1962 – Carlos Bernard, American actor

1962 – Chris Botti, American jazz musician

1962 – Amanda Castro, Hondurian poet

1962 – John Coleman, English football manager and player

1962 – Branko Crvenkovski, Macedonian politician

1962 – Deborah Foreman, American actress

1963 – Raimond Aumann, German footballer

1963 – Lane Frost, American professional bull rider (d. 1989)

1963 – Satoshi Kon, Japanese anime director (d. 2010)

1963 – Alan McDonald, Northern Irish footballer

1963 – Luis Polonia, Dominican baseball player

1965 – Jean-Jacques Daigneault, Canadian hockey player

1965 – Scott O'Grady, American military officer

1966 – Jonathan Crombie, Canadian actor

1966 – Wim Jonk, Dutch football player

1966 – Brian Kennedy, Northern Irish musician and author

1967 – Paul Laine Canadian singer composer

1968 – Bill Auberlen, American race car driver

1968 – Hugh Jackman, Australian actor and singer

1968 – Adam Rich, American actor

1969 – Martie Maguire, American musician (Dixie Chicks)

1969 – Judit Mascó, Spanish model

1969 – Željko Milinovič, Slovenian footballer

1969 – Dwayne Roloson, Canadian hockey player

1969 – José Valentín, American baseball player

1970 – Kirk Cameron, American actor

1970 – Tanyon Sturtze, American baseball player

1970 – Charlie Ward, American pro basketball player

1970 – Julian, American pornographic actor

1971 – Tony Fiore, American baseball player

1971 – Steve Johnston, Australian speedway rider

1972 – Juan Manuel Silva, Argentine racing driver

1972 – Tom Van Mol, Belgian football player

1972 – Mechele Linehan, American convicted murderess

1973 – Lesli Brea, Dominican baseball player

1973 – Martin Corry, English rugby player

1974 – Stephen Lee, English snooker player

1974 – Kate Beahan, Australian actress

1974 – Marie Wilson, Canadian actress

1975 – Marion Jones, American track and field athlete

1975 – Ahmad, American rapper

1976 – Sarah Lane, American television personality

1977 – Jessica Barker, Canadian actress

1977 – Bode Miller, American alpine ski-racer

1977 – Javier Toyo, Venezuelan footballer

1978 – Baden Cooke, Australian cyclist

1978 – Marko Jaric, Serbian basketball player

1979 – Steven Agnew, Northern Irish politician

1979 – Jordan Pundik, American singer (New Found Glory)

1980 – Ledley King, English footballer

1981 – Shola Ameobi, English footballer

1981 – Tom Guiry, American actor

1981 – Brian Kerr, Scottish footballer

1981 – Sneha, Indian actress

1981 – Sun Tiantian, Chinese female tennis player

1983 – Alex Brosque, Australian footballer

1983 – Katie Piper, English campaigner and television presenter

1985 – Mike Green, Canadian ice hockey player

1986 – Sergio Peter, German footballer

1986 – Emmanuel Nwachi, Nigerian footballer

1986 – Tyler Blackburn, American actor and singer

1988 – Sam Whitelock, New Zealand rugby player

1990 – Henri Lansbury, English footballer

1991 – Nicolao Dumitru, Italian footballer

1992 – Taylor Horn, American singer and actress

1992 – Josh Hutcherson, American actor

2001 – Raymond Ochoa, American actor

Deaths

632 – Edwin of Northumbria (b.c. 586)

638 – Pope Honorius I

642 – Pope John IV

1095 – Margrave Leopold II of Austria (b. 1050)

1176 – William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician (b.c. 1109)

1320 – Michael IX Palaeologus (b. 1277)

1491 – Fritz Herlen, German artist (b.c. 1449)

1492 – Piero della Francesca, Italian painter

1565 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)

1576 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1527)

1590 – Kano Eitoku, Japanese painter (b. 1543)

1600 – Luis Molina, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1535)

1632 – Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1549)

1646 – François de Bassompierre, Marshal of France (b. 1579)

1678 – Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (b. 1621)

1679 – William Gurnall, English writer (b. 1617)

1685 – Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian jurist (b. 1628)

1730 – King Frederick IV of Denmark (b. 1671)

1758 – Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, British field marshal (b. 1680)

1845 – Elizabeth Fry, British social reformer and philanthropist (b. 1780)

1870 – Robert E. Lee, American Confederate general (b. 1807)

1875 – Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (b. 1827)

1896 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish nobleman and politician (b. 1817)

1898 – Calvin Fairbank, American abolitionist minister (b. 1816)

1915 – Edith Cavell, English nurse (b. 1865)

1920 – Yu Gwan-sun, Korean independence leader (b. 1904)

1924 – Anatole France, French author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)

1933 – John Lister, English politician (b. 1847)

1940 – Tom Mix, American actor (b. 1880)

1946 – Joseph Stilwell, American general (b. 1883)

1948 – Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885).

1954 – George Welch, American pilot (b. 1918)

1956 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer (b. 1872)

1958 – Gordon Griffith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)

1960 – Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (b. 1898)

1965 – Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)

1967 – Ram Manohar Lohia, Indian Socialist politician leader (b. 1910)

1969 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater (b. 1912)

1970 – Mustafa Zaidi, Pakistani poet (b. 1930)

1971 – Dean Acheson, American statesman (b. 1893)

1971 – Gene Vincent, American rock musician (b. 1935)

1973 – Peter Aufschnaiter, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1899)

1978 – Nancy Spungen, American groupie and murder victim (b. 1958)

1983 – Ernie Roth, American pro wrestling manager (b. 1929)

1984 – Sir Anthony Berry, British politician (b. 1925)

1985 – Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (b. 1910)

1985 – Ricky Wilson, American musician (The B-52's) (b. 1953)

1987 – Alf Landon, American politician (b. 1887)

1988 – Ruth Manning-Sanders, Welsh poet and children's book author (b. 1886)

1988 – Coby Whitmore, American painter and magazine illustrator (b. 1913)

1989 – Carmen Cavallaro, American pianist (b. 1913)

1989 – Jay Ward, American animator (Rocky and Bullwinkle) (b. 1920)

1990 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian author and mountaineer (b. 1899)

1991 – Sheila Florance, Australian film and television actress (b. 1916)

1991 – Arkady Strugatsky, Russian novelist (b. 1925)

1993 – Leon Ames, American actor (b. 1902)

1993 – Tofik Bakhramov, Azerbaijani linesman (b. 1926)

1994 – Gérald Godin, Québécois poet and politician (b. 1938)

1996 – Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (b. 1911)

1996 – René Lacoste, French tennis player (b. 1904)

1997 – John Denver, American singer (b. 1943)

1998 – Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)

1998 – Mario Beaulieu, French Canadian politician (b. 1930)

1999 – Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player (b. 1936)

1999 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian jurist (b. 1919)

2001 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, British politician (b. 1907)

2002 – Ray Conniff, American bandleader and musician (b. 1916)

2002 – Audrey Mestre, French diver (b. 1974)

2003 – Jim Cairns, Australian politician (b. 1914)

2003 – Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (b. 1928)

2003 – Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931)

2005 – C. Delores Tucker, American politician and civil rights activist (b. 1927)

2006 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian film director (b. 1919)

2007 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect (b. 1934)

2007 – Noel Coleman, British Actor (b. 1919)

2008 – Karl Chircop, Maltese politician (b. 1965)

2009 – Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (b. 1974)

2009 – Dickie Peterson American musician (b. 1948)

2010 – Woody Peoples, American football player (b. 1943)

2010 – Belva Plain, American novelist (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

Christian Feast Day:

*Heribert of Cologne (private feast day)

*Wilfrid of York

*October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Children's Day or Feast of Our Lady of Aparecida (Brazil)

Discovery of America by Columbus-related observances:

*Descubrimiento de América (Mexico)

*Día de la Hispanidad or Fiesta Nacional de España (Spain)

*Día de la Raza, "Day of the Race" (Latin America)

*Día de la Resistencia Indígena, "Day of Indigenous Resistance" (Venezuela)

*Día de las Américas, "Day of the Americas" (Uruguay)

*Día de las Culturas, "Day of the Cultures" (Costa Rica)

*Discovery Day (the Bahamas)

Freethought Day (United States)

Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain in 1968.

Mother's Day (Malawi)

National Coming Out Day (United Kingdom)

External links

BBC: On This Day

On This Day in Canada

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Category:Days of the year Category:October

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Coordinates	21°18′32″N157°49′34″N
name	Derek Hough
birth date	May 17, 1985
birth place	Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
yearsactive	2007–present
occupation	Dancer, actor, singer-songwriter, musician, choreographer, director
website	}}

Derek Hough (; born May 17, 1985) is an American dancer, choreographer, musician and actor. A world champion in Latin American Dance, Hough has appeared since September 2007 (Seasons 5 though 11) on the hit U.S. television series ''Dancing with the Stars'', where he is a three-time champion (with Nicole Scherzinger, Brooke Burke, and Jennifer Grey), two-time semi-finalist (with Jennie Garth and Joanna Krupa) and a Quarter-Finalist with Lil' Kim. Hough has earned three Creative Arts Primetime Emmy nominations for Outstanding Choreography (2009 and 2010 ) for his work on the show. Prior to joining Dancing with the Stars, Hough starred as Ren in the 2006 original cast production of ''Footloose: The Musical'' at the Novelo Theatre in London's West End, as well as on the 2006 U.K. national tour. Hough's West End performance earned him a nomination as The Stuart Phillips London Newcomer of the Year in the Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers' Choice Awards. Hough made his Broadway debut on January 8, 2010, starring with Kym Johnson and Mary Murphy in ''Burn the Floor'' for the final four performances of the show's Broadway run. A founding member of the Ballas Hough Band (formerly Almost Amy), Hough shares lead vocals, plays guitar and has several songwriting credits on the band's self-titled debut CD, released by Hollywood Records in March 2009.

Early life

Hough grew up one of five children in Sandy, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City. He has four sisters, Sharee, Marabeth, Katherine and Julianne. His sister Julianne Hough is also a professional dancer. All four of Hough's grandparents were dancers, and his parents met while on a ballroom dancing team in college, in Idaho.

When Hough was twelve, his parents sent him to London to live and study with dance coaches, Corky and Shirley Ballas. Hough's sister Julianne joined him in London several months later. Originally intending to stay for a year, Hough remained in London for ten years. (Julianne returned after five years.) The Ballases helped tutor the two Hough children alongside their own son, Mark Ballas, schooling them at the Italia Conti Academy. They received training in song, theater, gymnastics and many forms of dance, including jazz, ballet and tap. The three children formed their own pop music trio 2B1G ("2 Boys, 1 Girl") and performed at dance competitions in the UK and the U.S., and showcased UK television show.

Dancing

He attended and subsequently taught at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts.

Hough played the role of Ren McCormack in both the UK Tour and the West-End run of ''Footloose the Musical'', which ran from April until November 2006.

Before this, Hough's theatre work included playing the lead in ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' at the Millfield Theatre, and dancing in the company in ''Chitty Chitty Bang Bang'' at the London Palladium.

Hough is a former IDSF World Youth Latin Champion (2002) for Poland with Aneta Piotrowska. He has won the LA Outstanding Dancer of the Year and the New York Dance Alliance Outstanding Dance awards.

Hough is one of Bruno Tonioli's panelists on BBC One's ''DanceX'', the first episode of which aired on July 14, 2007.

Hough also performed in and choreographed Cheryl Cole's Parachute music video, after being introduced to her by mutual friend, Bruno Tonioli.

''Dancing with the Stars''

Hough made his first appearance on ''Dancing With The Stars'' in Season 4 (Week 6) as a guest instructor with Julianne and Apolo Anton Ohno. He then joined the cast of professional instructors in Season 5 of ''Dancing With The Stars'' and was paired with Jennie Garth. Hough and Garth competed in the semi-finals and were the ninth couple eliminated from the competition.

For Season 6, Hough was paired with actress Shannon Elizabeth. They were eliminated from the show in week 7.

For Season 7, Hough was partnered with model/TV host Brooke Burke. In rehearsal on October 4, 2008, Hough tripped and fell, hitting his head on the floor and momentarily blacked out. He was sent to the hospital, but sustained no injuries. Hough and Burke earned the mirror ball trophy and won Season 7.

For Season 8, Hough was paired with rapper Lil' Kim. They were eliminated from the show in week 9.

For Season 9, Hough was partnered with model Joanna Krupa. They were eliminated during week 9, the semi-finals, on November 17, 2009, finishing fourth.

For Season 10, Hough won with partner Nicole Scherzinger, the lead singer from the singing group Pussycat Dolls and former member of Eden's Crush.

For Season 11, Hough won with actress Jennifer Grey, known for her film roles on Dirty Dancing and Ferris Bueller's Day Off.

For Season 13, Hough will be partnered with Actress and TV Host Ricki Lake. Known best as the original Tracy Turnblad in Hairspray.

Hough's current DWTS pro average is 26.67. Joanna Krupa's Argentine Tango is not included in his average.

He is the first professional dancer to ever win three Mirror Ball Trophies.

It was announced by ''Access Hollywood'' that Derek would not be returning to the 12th season of Dancing with the Stars to be a part of the movie ''Cobu 3D'' but its reported that he will be returning on season 13.

Performance history

Season 5: Celebrity partner Jennie Garth (Average - 25.7) :

rowspan="2"	Week #
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	2		Quickstep/"Suddenly I See"		7		7		7		Safe
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	4		Paso Doble/"Because We Can"		8		10		9
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Mambo/"Mambo Baby"Rock N' Roll/"Rockin' Robin"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Viennese Waltz/"Runaway"Rumba/ "Fallen"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"It Takes Two"Foxtrot/ "I've Got You Under My Skin"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Tango/"The Take Over, The Breaks Over"Cha-Cha-Cha/ "Mustang Sally"

Season 6: Celebrity partner Shannon Elizabeth (Average - 24.5) :

rowspan="2"	Week #
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Cha-Cha-Cha/"Shut Up and Drive"
	2		Quickstep/"Swing with Me"		8		8		8		Safe
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"Goody Two-Shoes"
	4		Viennese Waltz/"Keep Holding On"		9		10		9
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Rumba/ "True Colors"Country Western/"Cotton-Eyed Joe
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Tango/"Tanguedia III"Mambo/ "Ain't Nothing Wrong With That"

Season 7: Celebrity partner Brooke Burke (Average - 27.1) :

rowspan="2"	Week #
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Cha-Cha-Cha/"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)"
	1		Quickstep/"Lover, Come Back to Me"		9		8		9		Safe
	2		Paso Doble/"Palladio, First Movement"		8		8		8		Safe
	3		Viennese Waltz/"Daughters"		9		10		9		Safe
	4		Samba/"Hip Hip Chin Chin"		9		8		9		Safe
	5		Jitterbug/"Don't Be Cruel"		10		9		10		Safe
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	7		Foxtrot/"Lullaby of Birdland"Group Paso Doble/ "Rocks"		1010		109		1010
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Tango/"Tango Diabolo" Mambo/ "Cuban Mambo"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"The House is Rockin'" Salsa/ "Barbarabatiri"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Samba/"Blame It On the Boogie"Freestyle/"You're the One That I Want"Viennese Waltz/"Daughters"

(*)Due to Len Goodman's absence in week 6 the 10 was awarded by stand-in guest judge Michael Flatley

Season 8: Celebrity partner Lil' Kim (Average - 25.8) :

rowspan="2"	Week #
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Cha-Cha-Cha/"Nasty"
	2		Quickstep/"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"		8		7		8		Safe
	3		Samba/"Remedio P'al Corazon"		8		8		9		Safe
	4		Argentine Tango/"Taquito Militar"		9		8		10		Safe
	5		Viennese Waltz/"I'll Be"		9		8		9		Safe
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"Jailhouse Rock"
	7		Rumba/"Lost Without U"		9		8		9
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Paso Doble/"El Gato Montes"Team Tango/"Womanizer"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"

Season 9: Celebrity partner Joanna Krupa (Average 25.5):

rowspan="2"	Week #
	rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Salsa/"Meddle"Foxtrot/"The Best Is Yet to Come"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"What I Like About You"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Samba/"La Bomba"
	4		Lambada/"Dançando Lambada"		9		8		9		Safe
	5		Argentine Tango/"Whatever Lola Wants"**		8		8		8
	rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Rumba/"The Look of Love"Team Tango/"You Give Love a Bad Name"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"
	style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Viennese Waltz/"Hallelujah"Cha-Cha-Cha/"Can't Get You Out of My Head"Salsa/"Lal Luz Del Ritmo"

Due to Len Goodman's absence in week 2 the 7 was awarded by stand-in guest judge Baz Luhrmann. Due to illness Derek Hough was unable to perform, Joanna Krupa performed this dance with Maksim Chmerkovskiy.

Season 10: Celebrity partner Nicole Scherzinger (Average 27.5) {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Week # ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Dance/Song ! colspan="3" style="background:#ccc;"|Judges' score ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Result |- style="background:#ccc;" | style="width:10%;"|Inaba | style="width:10%;"|Goodman | style="width:10%;"|Tonioli |- |1 |Viennese Waltz/ "Hold You In My Arms" |9 |7 |9 |No Elimination |- |2 |Jive/"SOS" |10 |8 |10 |Safe |- |3 |Quickstep/"Anything Goes" |8 |6 |9 |Safe |- |rowspan=2|4 |Rumba/"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" - Technique |9 |8 |8 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Rumba/"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" - Performance |8 |8 |9 |- |5 |Tango/"Oh, Pretty Woman" |10 |9 |10 |Safe |- |rowspan=2|6 |Samba/"María" |9 |7 |10 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Swing Marathon/"In the Mood" |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | 10 |- |rowspan=2|7 |Waltz/"You Light Up My Life" |9 |9 |9 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Cha Cha Cha/"Telephone" |9 |9 |9 |- |rowspan=2|8 |Foxtrot/"Haven't Met You Yet" |10 |9 |10 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Paso Doble/"Spanish Guitar" |10 |10 |10 |- |rowspan=2|9 |Argentine Tango/"El Capitalismo Foraneo" |10 |10 |10 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Cha-Cha-Cha/"Kiss" |10 |9 |10 |- |rowspan=2|10 Night 1 |Rumba/"The Lady in Red |9 |9 |10 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|No Elimination |- |Freestyle/"A Little Less Conversation |9 |9 |9 |- |rowspan=2|10 Night 2 |Argentine Tango/"El Capitalismo Foraneo" |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"| 30 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Winner |- |Jive/"Proud Mary |10 |10 |10 |rowspan=2|Winner |} Hough won Season 10 of Dancing with the Stars on May 25, 2010

Season 11: Celebrity partner Jennifer Grey (Average - 27.2) : {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="text-align:Center; background:#ccc;" | rowspan="2"|Week # | rowspan="2"|Dance/Song | colspan="3"|Judges' score | rowspan="2"|Result |- style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;" | style="width:10%; "|Inaba | style="width:10%; "|Goodman | style="width:10%; "|Tonioli |- | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|1 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Viennese Waltz/"These Arms of Mine" | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;"|Safe |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|2 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|Jive/"Shake It" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f68"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6:"|Safe |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|3 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|Samba/"A Little Respect" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|8 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|Safe |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|4 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|Argentine Tango/"La Cumparsita" | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|9/10 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|9/9 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|9/10 | style="test-align:center' background:#faf6f6;"|Safe |- style="text-align:center; background:#faf6f6;" |5 |Foxtrot/"Love and Marriage" |8 |8 |9 |Safe |- |rowspan=2|6 |Paso Doble/"So What" |6 |7 |7 |rowspan=2| Last to be called Safe |- |Rock n' Roll Marathon/"La Grange" |colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |9 |- |7 |Tango/"Shut Up" |10/9 |9 |9 |Safe |- |rowspan=2|8 |Quickstep/"Let's Face the Music and Dance" |9 |9 |9 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Rumba/"Waiting For a Girl Like You" |10 |10 |10 |- |rowspan=2|9 |Cha-Cha-Cha/"Mercy" |10 |10 |10 |rowspan=2|Safe |- |Waltz/"Way Over Yonder" |10 |10 |10 |- |rowspan=2|10 N/1 |Paso Doble/"Habanera" |10 |10 |10 |rowspan=2|No Elimination |- |Freestyle/"Do You Love Me (Now That I Can Dance)" |10 |10 |10 |- |rowspan=2|10 N/2 |Viennese Waltz/"These Arms of Mine" |10 |10 |10 |rowspan=2|Winner |- |Cha-Cha-Cha/"Raise Your Glass" |9 |9 |10 |} Season 13: Celebrity Partner Ricki Lake: {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Week # ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Dance/Song ! colspan="3" style="background:#ccc;"|Judges' score ! rowspan="2" style="background:#ccc;"|Result |- style="background:#ccc;" | style="width:10%;"|Inaba | style="width:10%;"|Goodman | style="width:10%;"|Tonioli |- |1 |Viennese Waltz/ | | | | |}

Derek Hough and Jennifer Grey hold the most perfect scores in all 11 seasons of Dancing With the Stars. They have 6 perfect 30s.

Derek Hough won Season 11 of Dancing with the Stars on November 23, 2010.

''Other''

Hough was an extra in ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' (released as ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'' in the United States), the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowling's bestselling novel. He appeared in an uncredited role as a "Hogwarts schoolboy".

On April 25th, 2011, Hough made a guest appearance as a dance instructor on ''Better With You''.

Hough will also be starring with BoA in a movie titled ''Cobu 3D

References

External links

Category:1985 births Category:American ballroom dancers Category:American male singers Category:American Latter Day Saints Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Utah Category:People from Salt Lake City, Utah Category:Reality television judges

fr:Derek Hough nl:Derek Hough pl:Derek Hough

Coordinates	21°18′32″N157°49′34″N
name	Steve Jobs
birth name	Steven Paul Jobs
birth date	February 24, 1955
birth place
death date	October 05, 2011
death place	Palo Alto, California, U.S.
nationality	American
occupation	Co-founder, Chairman and CEO, Apple Inc., Co-founder and CEO, Pixar, Co-founder and CEO, NeXT Inc.
alma mater	Reed College (dropped out)
years active	1974–2011
boards	The Walt Disney Company, Apple Inc.
religion	Zen Buddhism
spouse	Laurene Powell(1991–2011, his death)
children	4 – Lisa Brennan-Jobs, Reed, Erin, Eve
relatives	Mona Simpson (sister)
signature	Steve Jobs signature.svg
signature size	120px }}

Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, designer and inventor. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar.

In the late 1970s, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak engineered one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. During this period he also led efforts that would begin the desktop publishing revolution, notably through the introduction of the LaserWriter and the associated PageMaker software.

After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm, which was spun off as Pixar. He was credited in ''Toy Story'' (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006, making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.

After difficulties developing a new Mac OS, Apple purchased NeXT in 1996 in order to use NeXTSTEP as the basis for what became Mac OS X. As part of the deal Jobs was named Apple advisor. As Apple floundered, Jobs took control of the company and was named "interim CEO" in 1997, or as he jokingly referred to it, "iCEO". Facing near bankruptcy at the time of his return, Jobs quickly improved the company's fortunes and returned it to profitability in 1998. Over the next decade, Jobs oversaw the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store. The enormous success of these products and services, providing years of stable financial returns, propelled Apple to become the world's most valuable company in 2011. The reinvigoration of the company is regarded as one of the greatest business turnaround stories in history.

In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreas neuroendocrine tumor. Though it was initially treated, he reported a hormone imbalance, underwent a liver transplant in 2009, and appeared progressively thinner as his health declined. On medical leave for most of 2011, Jobs resigned as Apple CEO in August that year and was elected Chairman of the Board. He died of respiratory arrest related to his metastatic tumor on October 5, 2011. He continues to receive honors and public recognition for his influence in the technology and music industries.

Early life and education

Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on 24 February 1955, to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian born Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (), who were both unmarried at the time. Jandali who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend's family objected to their relationship. He was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993) and Clara Jobs (1924–1986). Clara's maiden name was Hagopian. When asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents." He later stated in his authorized biography that they "were my parents 1,000%." His biological parents subsequently married (December 1955), had a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorced in 1962.

The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul Jobs, a machinist for a company that made lasers, taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. Clara was an accountant who taught him to read before he went to school. Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley.

Jobs attended Monta Loma Elementary, Mountain View, Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee. Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester, he continued auditing classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts."

Early career

In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California. He traveled to India in mid-1974 to visit Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, an early Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. When they got to the Neem Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted as Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973. Then they made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of Hariakhan Baba. In India, they spent a lot of time on bus rides from Delhi to Uttar Pradesh and back, then up to Himachal Pradesh and back.

Jobs left India after staying for seven months and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke, with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life". He also became a serious practitioner of Zen Buddhism, engaged in lengthy meditation retreats at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, the oldest Sōtō Zen monastery in the US, considered taking up monastic residence, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen. He later said that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking.

Jobs returned to Atari and was assigned to create a circuit board for the game ''Breakout''. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350. Wozniak did not learn about the bonus until ten years later, but said that had Jobs told him about it and said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.

Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975. He greatly admired Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and explicitly modeled his own career after that of Land's.

The revised, second-generation NeXTcube was released in 1990, also. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative NeXTMail multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters. Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case. This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel. The company reported its first profit of $1.03 million in 1994. In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released WebObjects, a framework for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the Apple Store, MobileMe services, and the iTunes Store.

Pixar and Disney

In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital.

The first film produced by the partnership, ''Toy Story'', with Jobs credited as executive producer, brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief John Lasseter, the company produced box-office hits ''A Bug's Life'' (1998); ''Toy Story 2'' (1999); ''Monsters, Inc.'' (2001); ''Finding Nemo'' (2003); ''The Incredibles'' (2004); ''Cars'' (2006); ''Ratatouille'' (2007); ''WALL-E'' (2008); ''Up'' (2009); and ''Toy Story 3'' (2010). ''Finding Nemo'', ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''WALL-E'', ''Up'' and ''Toy Story 3'' each received the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, an award introduced in 2001.

In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, and in early 2004, Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films after its contract with Disney expired.

In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. When the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock. Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7 percent, and of Disney family member Roy E. Disney, who until his 2009 death held about one percent of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner — especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar — accelerated Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger and also helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses from a seat on a special six-person steering committee. Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs Trust led by Laurene Jobs.

Return to Apple

In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $427 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996, bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. Jobs became ''de facto'' chief after then-CEO Gil Amelio was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive in September. In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company." Jobs also changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.

With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO. Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title "iCEO".

Inventions and designs

His design sense was greatly influenced by the Buddhism which he experienced in India while on a seven-month spiritual journey. His sense of intuition was also influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied.

, Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 342 United States patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages. Most of these are design patents (specific product designs) as opposed to utility patents (inventions). He has 43 issued US patents on inventions. The patent on the Mac OS X Dock user interface with "magnification" feature was issued the day before he died.

Philanthropy

Arik Hesseldahl of ''BusinessWeek'' magazine stated that "Jobs isn't widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to Bill Gates's efforts. Jobs said (in 1985) that he does charitable acts privately. After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs initially. Later, under Jobs, Apple signed to participate in Product Red program, producing red versions of devices to give profits from sales to charity. Apple has gone on to become the single largest contributor to the charity since its initial involvement with it. The chief of the Product Red project, singer Bono cited Jobs saying there was "nothing better than the chance to save lives," when he initially approached Apple with the invitation to participate in the program.

Personal life

Jobs's birth parents met at the University of Wisconsin. Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian Muslim, taught there. Joanne Carole Schieble was his student; they were the same age because Jandali had "gotten his PhD really young." In December 1955, ten months after giving up their baby boy, Schieble and Jandali married. In 1957, they had a daughter Mona together. They divorced in 1962, and Jandali lost touch with his daughter. Her mother remarried and had Mona take the surname of her stepfather, so she became known as Mona Simpson.

In the 1980s, Jobs found his birth mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, who told him he had a biological sister, Mona Simpson. They met for the first time in 1985 and became close friends. The siblings kept their relationship secret until 1986, when Mona introduced him at a party for her first book.

After deciding to search for their father, Simpson found Jandali managing a coffee shop. Without knowing who his son had become, Jandali told Mona that he had previously managed a popular restaurant in the Silicon Valley where "Even Steve Jobs used to eat there. Yeah, he was a great tipper." In a taped interview with his biographer Walter Isaacson, aired on ''60 Minutes'', Jobs said: "When I was looking for my biological mother, obviously, you know, I was looking for my biological father at the same time, and I learned a little bit about him and I didn't like what I learned. I asked her to not tell him that we ever met...not tell him anything about me." Jobs was in occasional touch with his mother Joanne Simpson, who lives in a nursing home in Los Angeles. When speaking about his biological parents, Jobs stated: "They were my sperm and egg bank. That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more." Jandali stated in an interview with the ''The Sun'' in August 2011, that his efforts to contact Jobs were unsuccessful. Jandali mailed in his medical history after Jobs's pancreatic disorder was made public that year.

In her eulogy to Jobs at his memorial service, Mona Simpson stated: :I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like Omar Sharif. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not yet furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I'd met my father, I tried to believe he'd changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a feminist, my whole life I'd been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I'd thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man and he was my brother.

Jobs's first child, Lisa Brennan-Jobs, was born in 1978, the daughter of his longtime partner Chris Ann Brennan, a Bay Area painter. For two years, she raised their daughter on welfare while Jobs denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter. Jobs later married Laurene Powell on March 18, 1991, in a ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park. Presiding over the wedding was Kobun Chino Otogawa, a Zen Buddhist monk. Their son, Reed, was born September 1991, followed by daughters Erin in August 1995, and Eve in 1998. The family lives in Palo Alto, California.

In the unauthorized biography, ''The Second Coming of Steve Jobs,'' author Alan Deutschman reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan" (Dylan was the Apple icon's favorite musician). In another unauthorized biography, ''iCon: Steve Jobs'' by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could have children.

Jobs was also a fan of The Beatles. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartney concert. When asked about his business model on ''60 Minutes'', he replied:

My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts. Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people. Jobs told Walter Isaacson "...he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style." He was a pescetarian.

Jobs's car was a silver 2008 Mercedes-Benz SL 55 AMG, which does not display its license plates, as he took advantage of a California law which gives a maximum of six months for new vehicles to receive plates; Jobs leased a new identical SL every six months.

In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed at one point he met with U.S. President Barack Obama, complained of the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Mr. Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency." Jobs proposed that any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a U.S. university should automatically be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done.... It infuriates me."

Jobs contributed to a number of political candidates and causes during his life, giving $209,000 to Democrats, $19,000 to associated special interests and $1,000 to a Republican.

Health issues

In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with cancer, and in mid-2004, he announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his pancreas. The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is usually very poor; Jobs stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. Despite his diagnosis, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for mainstream medical intervention for nine months, instead consuming a special alternative medicine diet in an attempt to thwart the disease. According to Harvard researcher Dr. Ramzi Amir, his choice of alternative treatment "led to an unnecessarily early death". According to Jobs's biographer, Walter Isaacson, "for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined." "Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic. He also was influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004." He eventually underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004, that appeared to successfully remove the tumor.

Death

Jobs died at his California home around 3 p.m. on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a relapse of his previously treated islet-cell neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer, He had lost consciousness the day before, and died with his wife, children and sister at his side.

His death was announced by Apple in a statement which read:

Jobs is survived by Laurene, his wife of 20 years, their three children, and Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his daughter from a previous relationship. His family released a statement saying that he "died peacefully".

For two weeks following his death, Apple's corporate Web site displayed a simple page, showing Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. Clicking on the image led to an obituary, which read:

Also dedicating its homepage to Jobs was Pixar, with a photo of Jobs, John Lasseter and Edwin Catmull, and the eulogy they wrote:

An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and thoughts. Over a million tributes were sent, which are now displayed on the Steve Jobs memorial page.

Shortly after his death was announced, ABC, CBS, and NBC interrupted scheduled programming to broadcast this news. Numerous newspapers around the world carried news of his death on their front pages the next day. Several notable people, including US President Barack Obama, British Prime Minister David Cameron, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and The Walt Disney Company's Bob Iger commented on the death of Jobs. ''Wired News'' collected reactions and posted them in tribute on their homepage.

A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, of which details were not revealed out of respect to Jobs's family. Apple announced on the same day that they had no plans for a public service, but were encouraging "well-wishers" to send their remembrance messages to an email address created to receive such messages. Sunday, October 16, 2011, was declared "Steve Jobs Day" by Governor Jerry Brown of California. On that day, an invitation-only memorial was held at Stanford University. Those in attendance include Apple and other tech company executives, members of the media, celebrities, close friends of Jobs, and politicians, along with Jobs's family. Bono, Yo Yo Ma, and Joan Baez performed at the service, which lasted longer than an hour. The service was highly secured, with guards at all of the university's gates, and a helicopter flying overhead from an area news station.

Both Apple and Microsoft flew their flags at half-staff throughout their respective headquarters and campuses. Bob Iger ordered all Disney properties, including Walt Disney World and Disneyland, to fly their flags at half-staff, from October 6 to 12, 2011.

A private memorial service for Apple employees was held on October 19, 2011, on the Apple Campus in Cupertino. Present were Cook, Bill Campbell, Norah Jones, Al Gore, and Coldplay, and Jobs's widow, Laurene, was in attendance. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service is available on Apple's website.

Jobs is buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only non-denominational cemetery in Palo Alto.

Major media published commemorative works. ''Time'' published a commemorative issue for Jobs on October 8, 2011. The issues cover featured a portrait of Jobs, taken by Norman Seeff, in which he is sitting in the lotus position holding the original Macintosh computer, first published in ''Rolling Stone'' in January 1984. The issue marked the eighth time Jobs has been featured on the cover of ''Time''. The issue included a photographic essay by Diana Walker, a retrospective on Apple by Harry McCracken and Lev Grossman, and a six-page essay by Walter Isaacson. Isaacson's essay served as a preview of his biography, ''Steve Jobs''.

''Bloomberg Businessweek'' also published a commemorative issue. The cover of the magazine features Apple-style simplicity, with a black-and-white, up-close photo of Jobs and his years of birth and death. The issue was published without advertisements. It featured extensive essays by Steve Jurvetson, John Sculley, Sean Wisely, William Gibson, and Walter Isaacson.

Free software pioneer Richard Stallman dissented from the prevailing hagiographic views of Jobs to draw attention to the tight corporate control Apple exercised over consumer computers and handheld devices, how Apple restricted news reporters, and persistently violated privacy: "Steve Jobs, the pioneer of the computer as a jail made cool, designed to sever fools from their freedom, has died". Malcolm Gladwell in The New Yorker asserted that "Jobs's sensibility was editorial, not inventive. His gift lay in taking what was in front of him ... and ruthlessly refining it."

Although reporters wrote glowing elegies after Jobs died, ''Los Angeles Times'' media critic James Rainey reported that they "came courtesy of reporters who—after deadline and off the record—would tell stories about a company obsessed with secrecy to the point of paranoia. They remind us how Apple shut down a youthful fanboy blogger, punished a publisher that dared to print an unauthorized Jobs biography and repeatedly ran afoul of the most basic tenets of a free press."

Apple "has taken stances that, in my opinion, are outright hostile to the practice of journalism," said longtime Silicon Valley reporter Dan Gillmor. Under Jobs, Apple sued three "small fry" bloggers who reported tips about the company and its unreleased products and tried to use the courts to force them to reveal their sources. Under Jobs, Apple even sued a teenager, Nicholas Ciarelli, who wrote enthusiastic speculation about Apple products beginning at age 13. His popular blog, ThinkSecret, was a play on Apple's slogan "Think Different." Rainey wrote that Apple wanted to kill ThinkSecret as "It thought any leaks, even favorable ones, diluted the punch of its highly choreographed product launches with Jobs, in his iconic jeans and mock turtleneck outfit, as the star."

Honors and public recognition

After Apple's founding, Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When ''Time'' named the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", the magazine published a long profile of Jobs as "the most famous maestro of the micro".

Jobs was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1985, with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor), and a Jefferson Award for Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (also known as the ''Samuel S. Beard Award'') in 1987. On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by ''Fortune'' magazine. On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.

In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers in a survey by Junior Achievement, having previously been named Entrepreneur of the Decade 20 years earlier in 1989, by ''Inc. magazine''. On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by ''Fortune'' magazine.

In November 2010, Jobs was ranked No.17 on ''Forbes'': The World's Most Powerful People. In December 2010, the ''Financial Times'' named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its essay by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.'". The Financial Times closed by rhetorically asking of this quote, "How wrong can you be."

At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, Jobs was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius

Reality distortion field

Apple's Bud Tribble coined the term "reality distortion field" in 1981, to describe Jobs' charisma and its effects on the developers working on the Macintosh project. Tribble claimed that the term came from ''Star Trek''. Since then the term has also been used to refer to perceptions of Jobs' keynote speeches.

The RDF was said by Andy Hertzfeld to be Steve Jobs' ability to convince himself and others to believe almost anything, using a mix of charm, charisma, bravado, hyperbole, marketing, appeasement, and persistence. Although the subject of criticism, Jobs' so-called reality distortion field was also recognized as creating a sense that the impossible was possible. Once the term became widely known, it was often used in the technology press to describe Jobs' sway over the public, particuarly regarding new product announcements.

Portrayals and coverage in books, film, and theater

Books

''The Little Kingdom'' (1984) by Michael Moritz, documenting the founding of (then) Apple Computer.

''The Second Coming of Steve Jobs'' (2001), by Alan Deutschman

''iCon: Steve Jobs'' (2005), by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon

''Steve Jobs'' (2011), an authorized biography written by Walter Isaacson.

''Inside Apple'' (2012), a book by Adam Lashinsky that reveals the secret systems, tactics, and leadership strategies that allowed Steve Jobs and his company to work.

Documentaries

''The Machine That Changed the World'' Part 3 of this 1992 five-part documentary, called ''The Paperback Computer'', prominently featured Jobs and his role in the early days of Apple. ''Triumph of the Nerds'' a 1996 three-part documentary for PBS, about the rise of the home computer/personal computer. ''Nerds 2.0.1'' a 1998 three-part documentary for PBS, (and sequel to ''Triumph of the Nerds'') which chronicles the development of the Internet. ''iGenius: How Steve Jobs Changed the World'' a 2011 Discovery Channel documentary hosted by Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman. ''Steve Jobs: One Last Thing'' a 2011 PBS documentary produced by Pioneer Productions. A slightly shortened and localized version of the show was broadcast in the United Kingdom the following day titled, ''Steve Jobs: iChanged the World'' on Channel 4. In February 2012, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a 191-page file on Steve Jobs. The report was compiled during a 1991 background investigation of Jobs by the FBI after former president George H. W. Bush recommended his appointment to the President's Export Council. It consists of interviews with co-workers, friends, family members and even neighbors of Jobs.

Films

''Pirates of Silicon Valley'' a 1999 TNT film which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997. Jobs is portrayed by Noah Wyle.

Theater

''The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs'' - The Public Theater, New York City, 2012, starring Mike Daisey.

References

Further reading

Bantam Doubleday Dell. ISBN 0-385-48684-7. Chapter 28

External links

"Thoughts on Flash" by Steve Jobs, April, 2010.

Bloomberg Game Changers: Steve Jobs A 48 minute video on Steve Jobs by Bloomberg

Steve Jobs Profile at ''Forbes''

Steve Jobs remembrance notes from the community. The only remaining tribute on the Apple website..

Federal Bureau of Investigation dossier on Steven Paul Jobs.

Articles

Interviews

Steve Jobs in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview, ''Rolling Stone'' 1994, republished January 17, 2011. Archived URL April 20, 1995. The Seed of Apple's Innovation, ''BusinessWeek'' October 12, 2004. How Big Can Apple Get?, ''Fortune'' February 21, 2005. ''Newsweek'', October 15, 2006.

Bill Gates and Steve Jobs (video and transcript of on stage interview), AllThingsD, May 30, 2007.

Videotaped Deposition of Steven P. Jobs in front of the Securities and Exchange Commission, March 18, 2008

Interview with Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, Jobs's biological father, by Mohannad Al-Haj Ali, published in ''Al Hayat'' and reprinted by Ya Libnan, February 28, 2011

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Coordinates	21°18′32″N157°49′34″N
name	Guy Kawasaki
birth date	August 30, 1954
birth place	Honolulu, Hawaii
occupation	Venture capitalistFormer Apple evangelist
religion	Christian
alma mater	Stanford University
spouse	Beth
children	4
ethnicity	Japanese American
home town	Honolulu
influences	Harold Keables }}

Guy Kawasaki (Born August 30, 1954) is a Silicon Valley venture capitalist, author and Apple Fellow. He was one of the Apple employees originally responsible for marketing the Macintosh in 1984. He is currently a Managing Director of Garage Technology Ventures, and has been involved in the rumor reporting site Truemors and the RSS aggregator Alltop. He is also a well-known blogger.

Early life and education

Guy Kawasaki is Japanese American and a native of Honolulu, Hawaii, where he attended the Iolani School. He has a B.A. in psychology from Stanford University and an MBA from University of California, Los Angeles. He has three sons and one daughter.

Career

Apple

Guy Kawasaki was one of the Apple employees originally responsible for marketing the Macintosh in 1984, and is referred to as one of the prime Apple evangelists.

Kawasaki is a former Apple Fellow.

Recent activities

After leaving Apple, in 1987, Kawasaki became founder/CEO of ACIUS. He also started the company Fog City Software, another company that didn't make it past its second birthday.

He is currently a Managing Director of Garage Technology Ventures, a venture capital firm which specializes in high-technology start-up firms located in Silicon Valley, California, as well as co-founder of Nononina, the company that created the Truemors and Alltop websites. He is also an advisor for Jajah, on invitation from co-founder Roman Scharf, and Visible Measures, working with Founder and CEO Brian Shin.

Blog

As of September 2009, his blog "How to Change the World" is currently ranked in the top 2,000 most-popular globally.

Bibliography

''Enchantment: The Art of Changing Hearts, Minds, and Actions'' (2011) ISBN 9781591843795

''Reality Check'' (2008) ISBN 1-59184-223-9

''The Art of the Start'' (2004) ISBN 1-59184-056-2

''Rules for Revolutionaries'' (2000) ISBN 0-88730-995-X

''How to Drive Your Competition Crazy'' (1995) ISBN 0-7868-6124-X

''Hindsights'' (1995) ISBN 0-446-67115-0

''The Computer Curmudgeon'' (1993) ISBN 1-56830-013-1

''Selling the Dream'' (1992) ISBN 0-88730-600-4

''Database 101'' (1991) ISBN 0-938151-52-5

''The Macintosh Way'' (1990) ISBN 0-06-097338-2

See also

Apple evangelist

Evangelism marketing

References

External links

GuyKawasaki.com

Garage Technology Ventures

In the media

ECorner video clips, Stanford Entrepreneurship Corner, 2003-4

Interview: Not Just an Experiment: Guy Kawasaki's Alltop.com. ''ITWorld.com''. April 1, 2008.

"Apple Evangelist’s Advice For Silicon Valley Entrepreneurs". ''Asian Week''. July 1, 2008.

"Guy Kawasaki: Truemors and the $12,000 start-up" The BusinessMakers Show June 2, 2007.

Entrepreneurship 2.0 by Guy Kawasaki written by Shamit Bagchi, Yourstory.in, During NASSCOM Product Conclave 2009, Bangalore, India, 2009.

How To Win People's Hearts Through Enchantment. ''TeenBusinessForum.com''. April 15, 2011.

Category:1954 births Category:Apple Inc. employees Category:Apple evangelists Category:Edu-Ware Category:American people of Japanese descent Category:Living people Category:ʻIolani School alumni Category:American businesspeople Category:American Christians Category:People from Honolulu, Hawaii Category:Stanford University alumni Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni

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