Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.
''3D-video'', digital video in three dimensions, premiered at the end of 20th century. Six or eight cameras with realtime depth measurement are typically used to capture ''3D-video'' streams. The format of ''3D-video'' is fixed in MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX).
In many countries, the term ''video'' is often used informally to refer to both Videocassette recorders and video cassettes; the meaning is normally clear from the context.
In ''progressive scan'' systems, each refresh period updates all of the scan lines. The result is a higher spatial resolution and a lack of various artifacts that can make parts of a stationary picture appear to be moving or flashing.
A procedure known as deinterlacing can be used for converting an interlaced stream, such as analog, DVD, or satellite, to be processed by progressive scan devices, such as Liquid crystal display television TFT LCD Television sets, projectors, and plasma panels. Deinterlacing cannot, however, produce a video quality that is equivalent to true progressive scan source material.
The size of a video image is measured in pixels for digital video, or horizontal scan lines and vertical lines of resolution for analog video. In the digital domain (e.g. DVD) standard-definition television (SDTV) is specified as ''720/704/640×480i60'' for NTSC and ''768/720×576i50'' for PAL or SECAM resolution. However in the analog domain, the number of visible scanlines remains constant (486 NTSC/576 PAL) while the horizontal measurement varies with the quality of the signal: approximately 320 pixels per scanline for VCR quality, 400 pixels for TV broadcasts, and 720 pixels for DVD sources. Aspect ratio is preserved because of non-square "pixels".
New high-definition televisions (HDTV) are capable of resolutions up to ''1920×1080p60'', i.e. 1920 pixels per scan line by 1080 scan lines, progressive, at 60 frames per second.
Video resolution for 3D-video is measured in voxels (''volume picture element'', representing a value in three dimensional space). For example 512×512×512 voxels resolution, now used for simple 3D-video, can be displayed even on some PDAs.
Ratios where the height is taller than the width are uncommon in general everyday use, but do have application in computer systems where the screen may be better suited for a vertical layout. The most common tall aspect ratio of 3:4 is referred to as ''portrait mode'' and is created by physically rotating the display device 90 degrees from the normal position. Other tall aspect ratios such as 9:16 are technically possible but rarely used. (For a more detailed discussion of this topic please refer to the page orientation article.)
Pixels on computer monitors are usually square, but pixels used in digital video often have non-square aspect ratios, such as those used in the PAL and NTSC variants of the CCIR 601 digital video standard, and the corresponding anamorphic widescreen formats. Therefore, an NTSC DV image which is 720 pixels by 480 pixels is displayed with the aspect ratio of 4:3 (which is the traditional television standard) if the pixels are thin and displayed with the aspect ratio of 16:9 (which is the anamorphic widescreen format) if the pixels are fat.
''Color model name'' describes the video color representation. ''YIQ'' was used in NTSC television. It corresponds closely to the ''YUV'' scheme used in NTSC and PAL television and the ''YDbDr'' scheme used by SECAM television.
The number of distinct colors that can be represented by a pixel depends on the number of ''bits per pixel'' (bpp). A common way to reduce the number of bits per pixel in digital video is by chroma subsampling (e.g. 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0/4:1:1).
The subjective video quality of a video processing system may be evaluated as follows:
Many subjective video quality methods are described in the ITU-T recommendation BT.500. One of the standardized method is the ''Double Stimulus Impairment Scale'' (DSIS). In DSIS, each expert views an ''unimpaired'' reference video followed by an ''impaired'' version of the same video. The expert then rates the ''impaired'' video using a scale ranging from "impairments are imperceptible" to "impairments are very annoying".
A wide variety of methods are used to compress video streams. Video data contains spatial and temporal redundancy, making uncompressed video streams extremely inefficient. Broadly speaking, spatial redundancy is reduced by registering differences between parts of a single frame; this task is known as ''intraframe compression'' and is closely related to image compression. Likewise, temporal redundancy can be reduced by registering differences between frames; this task is known as ''interframe compression'', including motion compensation and other techniques. The most common modern standards are MPEG-2, used for DVD, Blu-ray and satellite television, and MPEG-4, used for AVCHD, Mobile phones (3GP) and Internet.
Variable bit rate (VBR) is a strategy to maximize the visual video quality and minimize the bit rate. On fast motion scenes, a variable bit rate uses more bits than it does on slow motion scenes of similar duration yet achieves a consistent visual quality. For real-time and non-buffered video streaming when the available bandwidth is fixed, e.g. in videoconferencing delivered on channels of fixed bandwidth, a constant bit rate (CBR) must be used.
Blu-ray Discs greatly improve the sharpness and detail of the two-color 3D effect in color coded stereo programs. See articles Stereoscopy and 3-D film.
For transmission, there is a physical connector and signal protocol ("video connection standard" below). A given physical link can carry certain "display standards" which specify a particular refresh rate, display resolution, and color space.
Many analog and digital recording formats are in use, and digital video clips can also be stored on a computer file system as files which have their own formats. In addition to the physical format used by the data storage device or transmission medium, the stream of ones and zeros that is sent must be in a particular digital "video encoding", of which a number are available.
New formats for digital television broadcasts use the MPEG-2 video codec and include:
Analog television broadcast standards include:
An analog video format consists of more information than the visible content of the frame. Preceding and following the image are lines and pixels containing synchronization information or a time delay. This surrounding margin is known as a blanking interval or blanking region; the horizontal and vertical front porch and back porch are the building blocks of the blanking interval.
Many countries are planning a digital switchover soon.
''(See List of video recording formats.)''
Category:Digital television Category:Film and video technology Category:High-definition television Category:Video formats Category:Display technology Category:Television terminology Category:Video signal Category:History of television
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Coordinates | 6°7′55″N1°13′22″N |
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background | solo_singer |
birth name | Gustavo Adrián Cerati Clark |
born | August 11, 1959Buenos Aires, Argentina |
genre | Rock, alternative rock, electronic rock, experimental rock, art rock, post-punk, New Wave, electronic music, pop rock |
instrument | Guitar, vocals, bass, synthesizer, sampler |
occupation | Musician, singer-songwriter, producer |
years active | 1982–2010. |
label | Sony Music |
associated acts | Soda Stereo, Shakira |
website | cerati.com, sodastereo.com |
notable instruments | PRS CustomG&L; Legacy HBGibson ES-335Jackson Soloist }} |
Gustavo Adrián Cerati Clark (born August 11, 1959) is an Argentine rock musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. He was the frontman, lead vocalist, lead guitarist and lead songwriter of the Argentine rock band Soda Stereo, one of the most influential bands of the latin music. In the early 90s, with Amor Amarillo, he pursued a solo career. His work both as a solo artist and with Soda Stereo positioned him as one of the most influential rock musicians of Latin America. He is currently in a coma after suffering a stroke on May 15, 2010.
Business for sports (I practiced swimming and athletics) won second place in a contest of the magazine Billiken, after running the 100 meters in intercollegiate competition. One of the key activities performed during those early years was to lead the school choir Instituto San Roque, where he later had to comply with a suspension burp during a celebration of Mass (He could return to office after winning a prize singing at the Coliseum, and donate to the institution.)
As a teenager worked as a sales representative for Laboratory Boehringer Argentina, in mid-1981. Then years later he led the Argentine military.
His early musical influences were bands like The Police (who offers a tribute to the song Bring On The Night, where he sings and plays bass, with Andy Summers on guitar and Vinnie Colaiuta on drums), Queen (recorded a cover of Some Day One Day with Soda Stereo) and The Cure. Also David Bowie, Brian May of Queen and Ritchie Blackmore of Deep Purple.
In high school he formed the groups with which he won a Christmas song competition on Channel 9. He then formed two bands simultaneously, "Savage", rock and blues, and "strong voice" of fusion music. Savage was also formed by two singers English and used a cabaret act in front of Centennial Park. He also formed a trio called "Trike"
In 1982 he established a close relationship Cerati music and friendship with Héctor "Zeta" Bosio, which was to prove decisive in the future of both. They knew before they were partners in the career of advertising at the University of Salvador, [2] but only deepened their friendship deep relationship in the summer of 1982 in Punta del Este, where they decided to return to Buenos Aires and form Soda Stereo. Zeta and Gustavo shared the same tastes and musical dreams and began a search for integrating a punk rock group inspired by The Police (which was introduced in Argentina that year), with their own songs in Spanish. In that search, pre-integrated Soda Morgan band together, then the Stress group (along with Charlie Amato and drummer Pablo Guadalupe) and Erekto Project (with Andres Calamaro) [7].
Finally, the two musicians began to plan the formation of a band that would play songs. At that time know Charly Alberti who formed the trio The Stereotypes. [8] After a brief period in which various configurations tested, including at times musicians like Daniel Melero Richard Coleman and others, ended up preferring the form of trio and changed the name Soda Stereo.
The final line was: Gustavo Cerati (vocals, guitar), Zeta Bosio (bass, vocals) and Charly Alberti (drums).
From the beginning the group took to build his own image, aided by Alfredo Lois (college roommate) took care of the aesthetic details, makeup, hairstyles, and later, the top of the first albums and staging recitals. [8] The first concerts were in July 1983 at the disco Airport and Stud Free Pub Since then toured the circuit of pubs, with an obligatory stop at the Cafe Einstein and Zero, which by then represented the center of the scene less commercial of the moment, where bands played as High and Virus.
Along with Soda Stereo Gustavo Cerati recorded seven studio albums: Soda Stereo (1984), Nada Personal (1985), Signos (1986), Doble Vida (1988), Canción Animal (1990), Dynamo (1992), Sueño Stereo (1995).
Cerati's solo albums since the breakup of Soda Stereo are:
Cerati is known for his lead and rhythm guitar talents and for his ability to play intricate lead solos on guitar while singing in key. In his album ''Ahí vamos'' his guitar playing is featured prominently as opposed to the heavy use of electronic samplers as in Bocanada. Ahí Vamos was certified platinum in Argentina in only one day.
Cerati has several electronic music alter egos as well, namely Plan V, Ocio and Roken. He has produced albums for other artists, most notably ''Sueños en Tránsito'' for Nicole and ''Mar'' for Leo García as well as for the band Friccion. He is a contributing artist on several albums for artists such as Caifanes, Los Calzones, and Shakira.
Despite stating that the Grammys do not matter to him, he attended the Latin Grammys ceremony on November 2, 2006 where he won for Best Rock Album and Best Rock Song.
On March 10, 2007 Cerati played a free concert in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The show was held in a popular square and main streets were closed. The concert was the closure of the Summer Programme of the city government. The government estimated that between 150,000 and 200,000 people attended.
On July 7, 2007 he performed at Live Earth with Shakira in Germany. Gustavo Cerati won Best Rock Album for Fuerza Natural and Best Rock Song for Deja Vu during the 2010 Latin Grammy Awards.
Cerati later dated supermodel Déborah de Corral, former girlfriend of Charly Alberti, during the mid-nineties. Corral appeared as a guest singer on Cerati's album ''Siempre Es Hoy''. Various songs from his album ''Ahí Vamos'' seem to relate to their break-up. He also dated Leonora Balcarce, an Argentinian actress. His most recent girlfriend is Argentinian model Chloe Bello.
On June 7, 2010, Cerati was finally transferred to Argentina and hospitalized in the FLENI Neurological Institute in Buenos Aires. Doctors there began treatment with antibiotics due to a respiratory tract infection. The following day, doctors reported extensive brain damage due to the stroke, according to the Agence France-Presse. Cerati currently remains in a coma.
While performing at Rock in Rio Madrid on June 5, 2010, Colombian singer Shakira, a close friend of Cerati, debuted a new song, the title track from her upcoming Spanish album "Sale el Sol" (The Sun Comes Out), dedicated to Gustavo Cerati. The song states that the sun will rise even after the storm and that there is light at the end of the tunnel.
A month after the stroke, Claudio E. Pensa M.D., medical director of the FLENI Neurological Institute, issued a statement to the press stating that Cerati's medical condition remained unchanged and that he would only provide new information if changes were to occur.
Viejas Locas singer Cristian “Pity” Alvarez, during a performance in Cordoba on June 20, 2010, claimed that Cerati was already dead, but his decease was withheld due to financial issues. On June 21, Álvarez and the rest of Viejas Locas issued a statement expressing their wishes for Cerati's full recovery.
On Cerati's official webpage his family issued two statements, with the first on June 20, 2010 thanking and acknowledging the medical staff in Venezuela for their work, as well as the efforts of the personnel of Evenpro and Cerati's roadies and musicians. On June 27, 2010 the family's second statement was released, which affirmed that Cerati is receiving good medical care and asked fans to disregard any malicious rumors related to his health.
On December 2, 2010 a statement was issued by ALCLA Clinic's medical director stating that, neurologically, Cerati is reacting to thermal stimuli.
The Irish rock band U2 remembered Gustavo Cerati in one of their concerts in Ciudad de La Plata, Argentina, on March 2011 during the intro of their song "Moment of Surrender". Bono said "We would like you to think about Gustavo Cerati. We send him our love and respect, and he will hear our voices tonight", earning a standing ovation from 60,000 fans at the Único Stadium.
Category:1959 births Category:Lead guitarists Category:Argentine male singers Category:Argentine songwriters Category:Latin Grammy Award winners Category:Spanish-language singers Category:Argentine people of Italian descent Category:Argentine people of English descent Category:Living people Category:People from Buenos Aires Category:Alternative rock musicians Category:Rock en Español musicians Category:Multi-instrumentalists Category:Argentine multi-instrumentalists Category:Soda Stereo members
ca:Gustavo Cerati de:Gustavo Cerati es:Gustavo Cerati it:Gustavo Cerati nl:Gustavo Cerati pt:Gustavo Cerati uk:Густаво СератіThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 6°7′55″N1°13′22″N |
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Name | Waka Flocka Flame |
Background | solo_singer |
Birth name | Juaquin Bertholimule Malphurs |
Born | May 31, 1986New York City, New York |
Origin | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
Genre | Hip hop, Crunk, Southern hip hop |
Years active | 2008-present |
Label | 1017 Brick Squad, Warner Bros., Asylum, Mizay, Brick Squad Monopoly |
Associated acts | 1017 Brick Squad, Gucci Mane, Roscoe Dash |
Url | www.wakaflocka1017.com }} |
Gucci Mane fired Debra Antney as his manager. Despite rumors, there is no animosity between the two rappers due to this event. In an MTV interview, both he and Waka Flocka Flame affirmed that their relationship is in good standing even though they no longer speak. In early September, Gucci Mane was seen at Flocka's ''Flockaveli'' listening party supporting the artist.
On August 9, 2011, the first single for his sophomore album, "Round of Applause" was released. It is produced by Lex Lugar. The album is slated to release before the end of the year.
Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:American shooting survivors Category:People from Clayton County, Georgia Category:People from Queens Category:Rappers from Atlanta, Georgia Category:Warner Bros. Records artists
de:Waka Flocka Flame hu:Waka Flocka Flame ja:ワカ・フロッカ・フレイム pl:Waka Flocka Flame ru:Waka Flocka FlameThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 6°7′55″N1°13′22″N |
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Background | solo_singer |
Birth name | Jeffery Johnson, Jr. |
Born | Little Rock, Arkansas April 02, 1990 |
Height | 5'11 |
Origin | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
Genre | Hip Hop |
Occupation | Rapper, Vocalist |
Years active | 2009–present |
Label | MyndState, Zone 4, MusicLine Group, Interscope |
Associated acts | Soulja Boy, Wale , J. Holiday, Waka Flocka Flame, T-Pain, Fabolous, Wiz Khalifa Big Sean, Kanye West, DJ Drama, Mishon, Maino |
Website | Roscoe Dash website }} |
+ List of albums, with selected chart positions | scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;" | Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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''Ready Set Go!'' | * Release date: TBA | * Label: GME, MusicLine, MMI,
Singles
Other charted songs
As featured performer
References
External links[[Category:African American rappers">Zone 4 (record label) |
* Format: [[Compact disc | TBR | TBR | TBR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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[[Category:African American rappers Category:Rappers from Atlanta, Georgia Category:Living people Category:1990 births
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 6°7′55″N1°13′22″N |
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name | Wiz Khalifa |
alt | Wiz Khalifa holding a microphone |
background | solo_singer |
birth name | Cameron Jibril Thomaz |
alias | |
born | September 08, 1987Minot, North Dakota, United States |
origin | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States |
genre | Hip hop |
occupation | Rapper, Singer |
years active | 2005–present |
label | Rostrum, Warner Bros., Atlantic |
associated acts | Tinie Tempah, Snoop Dogg,Rick Ross, Curren$y, Big Sean, Fashawn, Mac Miller |
website | wizkhalifa.com |
notable instruments | }} |
His stage name is derived from khalifa, an Arabic word meaning "successor", and wisdom, which was shortened to Wiz when Khalifa was fifteen. Khalifa stated to spinner.com that the name also came from being called "young Wiz 'cause I was good at everything I did, and my granddad is Muslim, so he gave me that name; he felt like that's what I was doing with my music." He got his stage name tattooed on his 17th birthday. He includes Camp Lo, The Notorious B.I.G. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony among his influences.
In 2007, Khalifa signed to Warner Bros. Records and released two mixtapes through Rostrum Records: ''Grow Season'', hosted by DJ Green Lantern and released on July 4, 2007, and ''Prince of the City 2'', released on November 20, 2007. His debut Warner Bros. single "Say Yeah" reached number 25 on the ''Billboard'' Rhythmic Top 40 music chart and number 20 on ''Billboard's'' Hot Rap Tracks. The song samples "Better Off Alone" by Alice Deejay. Khalifa's vocals from "Say Yeah" appear near the end of Pittsburgh mash up producer Girl Talk's 2008 album, ''Feed the Animals'', over music from Underworld's "Born Slippy", Usher's "Love in This Club", and the Cure's "In Between Days". Khalifa appeared with The Game, David Banner and Play-n-Skillz at U92's Summer Jam at the USANA Amphitheatre in West Valley City, Utah on August 2, 2008. Khalifa released the mixtapes ''Star Power'' in September 2008, and ''Flight School'' in April 2009 on Rostrum Records.
Khalifa parted ways with Warner Bros. Records in July 2009 after numerous delays in releasing his planned debut album for the label, ''First Flight''. Khalifa stated to the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' that, "I learned a lot during my time there and matured as an artist during the process. I'm happy to be moving on with all of my material and having the chance to be in control of my next moves". Khalifa appeared with Girl Talk, Modey Lemon, Donora, Grand Buffet, and Don Caballero at the Amphitheatre at Station Square in Pittsburgh on July 31, 2009, where he announced that his relationship with Warner Bros. was over.
Khalifa performed at Emo's in Austin, Texas in March 2010 as part of the 2010 South by Southwest Music Festival. He appeared on the cover of ''XXL'' magazine that same month, for the magazine's annual list of Top 10 Freshman, which included Donnis, J. Cole, Pill, Freddie Gibbs, and Fashawn. Wiz Khalifa was named 2010 "Rookie Of The Year" by "The Source", with alongside Rick Ross, "The Man Of The Year". He toured with rapper Yelawolf on a 20-date tour, the Deal Or No Deal Tour. Khalifa released the free mixtape ''Kush and Orange Juice'' for download on April 14, 2010. Due to Khalifa's devoted grassroots fan base, the mixtape became the No. 1 trending topic on Twitter with the hash tag #kushandorangejuice, and "Kush and Orange Juice download” ranked No. 1 on Google’s hot search trends.
Khalifa was featured in a remix and video for the 2010 Rick Ross single "Super High", alongside Curren$y. He guested on the mixtape ''Grey Goose, Head Phones, and Thirsty Women '' by St. Louis rapper M.C, and was featured on the track "The Breeze (Cool)" on rapper Wale's August 2010 mixtape ''More About Nothing''. Khalifa was named MTV's Hottest Breakthrough MC of 2010, winning with nearly 70,000 votes, and beating out finalists Nicki Minaj, J. Cole, Travis Porter, and Diggy Simmons.
Khalifa appeared at the Soundset 2010 festival in May 2010 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, alongside Method Man & Redman, Del the Funky Homosapien and Hieroglyphics, Atmosphere, Murs, Cage, and others. He also performed at the 2010 Rock the Bells festival, along with hip hop veterans Wu-Tang Clan, Snoop Dogg, Lauryn Hill, A Tribe Called Quest, Rakim, KRS-One, Jedi Mind Tricks and Slick Rick. Khalifa declined an invitation to tour with rapper Drake and launched his own "Waken Baken" tour, a 50-city national tour with rapper Yelawolf. The tour, scheduled to last from September to November 2010, has, as of October, sold out every venue. On November 2010, during his "Waken Baken" tour at East Carolina University, Wiz Khalifa was arrested for possession and trafficking of marijuana. He was then released the next morning after a $300K bail, and resumed his tour. Khalifa performed in a cypher during the 2010 BET Hip-Hop Awards. He recited his verse from the song, "The Check Point", from his mixtape with Curren$y, ''How Fly''.
On March 29, 2011, Khalifa released his first studio album, ''Rolling Papers''. The album debuted at number two on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, with first-week sales of 197,000 copies in the United States.
On June 26, 2011, Khalifa was nominated and won Best New Artist at the BET Awards of 2011.
Khalifa collaborated with the prolific British rapper Tinie Tempah whom Tinie announced in an interview with Rolling Stone that his next single is to be called "Till I'm Gone" and would feature Wiz Khalifa and is to be produced by Stargate. The single and the video song were released at the end of June 2011.
Category:1987 births Category:Military brats Category:African American rappers Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Category:People from Minot, North Dakota Category:Rappers from Pennsylvania
bs:Wiz Khalifa ca:Wiz khalifa cs:Wiz Khalifa da:Wiz Khalifa de:Wiz Khalifa es:Wiz Khalifa fa:ویز خلیفا fr:Wiz Khalifa hr:Wiz Khalifa it:Wiz Khalifa he:ויז קאליפה nl:Wiz Khalifa ja:ウィズ・カリファ no:Wiz Khalifa pl:Wiz Khalifa pt:Wiz Khalifa ro:Wiz Khalifa ru:Wiz Khalifa simple:Wiz Khalifa sh:Wiz Khalifa fi:Wiz Khalifa sv:Wiz Khalifa vi:Wiz Khalifa zh:维兹·卡利法This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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